JP2009005370A - 無線通信システムにおいて、チャネル状態情報を利用するための方法および装置 - Google Patents
無線通信システムにおいて、チャネル状態情報を利用するための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】1つの方法において、受信機装置において、多数の信号が多数の受信アンテナを介して受信される。受信信号は送信機装置から受信される。受信された信号は処理され、データ送信のために使用される多数の送信チャネルの特性を示すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を得る。CSIは送信機装置に送信され戻される。送信機装置において、受信機装置からのCSIが受信され、受信機装置への送信のためのデータが受信されたCSIに基づいて処理される。
【選択図】図5
Description
本発明の観点は、マルチプル入力マルチプル出力(MIMO)通信システムにおいて、受信された信号を処理し、送信された信号を再生し、MIMOチャネルの特性を推定することである。データ送信のために使用される送信チャネルの特性を示すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を得るために、種々の受信機処理スキームを使用することができる。次に、CSIは送信機システムに報告され、信号処理(例えば、符号化、変調等)を調節するために使用される。このようにして、決定されたチャネル条件に基づいて高い性能が得られる。
本発明の特徴、性質、および利点は、同一部に同符号を付した図面と共に、以下に述べる詳細な説明からより明白になるであろう。
図1は、この発明の種々の観点および実施の形態を実施することができるマルチプル入力マルチプル出力(MIMO)通信システム100の図である。システム100は、第2のシステム150と通信する第1のシステム110を含む。システム100は、スペクトル周波数を増加し、性能を改良し、柔軟性を高めるために、アンテナ、周波数および一時的ダイバーシチ(以下に記載する)の組合せを採用するように動作することができる。一つの観点において、システム150は、通信リンクの特性を決定し、チャネル状態情報(CSI)をシステム110に報告するように動作することができ、システム110は、報告されたCSIに基づいて送信されるデータの処理(例えば、符号化および変調)を調節するように動作することができる。
図2Aは、図1のシステム110の送信機部分の一実施の形態である、MIMO送信機システム110aの一実施の形態のブロック図である。(OFDMを利用しない)送信機システム110aは、受信システム150により報告された部分CSIに基づいてその処理を調節することができる。システム110aは、(1)情報ビットを受信して処理し、変調記号を提供するTXデータプロセッサ114aおよび(2)NTの送信アンテナに対して変調記号を逆多重化するTX MIMOプロセッサ120aを含む。
図2Bは、受信機システム150により報告された完全CSIに基づいてデータを処理することのできる(OFDMを利用しない)MIMO送信機システム110bの一実施の形態のブロック図である。情報ビットは、TXデータプロセッサ114により符号化され、インターリーブされ、記号マッピングされ変調記号を発生する。符号化および変調は、受信機システムにより報告される利用可能な完全CSIに基づいて調節することができ、MIMO送信システム110aに対して上述のように実行することができる。
図3は、OFDMを利用し、完全または部分CSIに基づいてその処理を調節することができる、MIMO送信機システムの一実施の形態のブロック図である。情報ビットは、TXデータプロセッサ114により、符号化され、インターリーブされ、パンクチュアドされ、および記号マッピングされ、変調記号を発生する。符号化および変調は、受信機システムにより報告された利用可能な完全または部分CSIに基づいて調節することができる。OFDMを有したMIMOシステムの場合、変調記号は、複数の周波数サブチャネルでおよび複数の送信アンテナから送信することができる。純粋なMIMO通信モードで動作するとき、各周波数サブチャネルでかつ各送信アンテナからの送信は、非複製されたデータを表す。
この発明の観点は、MIMOシステムで受信された信号を処理し、送信されたデータを再生し、MIMOチャネルの特性を推定するための技術を提供する。次に、推定されたチャネル特性を送信機システムに報告することができ、信号処理(例えば、符号化、変調、等)を調節するために使用される。このようにして、決定されたチャネル条件に基づいて、高性能が得られる。ここに記載する受信機処理技術は、チャネル相関マトリクス反転(CCMI)技術、バイアスされない最小平均2乗誤差(UMMSE)技術、および完全CSI技術を含む。これらはすべて以下に詳細に記載される。他の受信機処理技術も使用することができ、この発明の範囲内である。
ただし、rは受信した記号ベクトル(すなわち、受信アンテナにおいて測定された、MIMOチャネルからのNR×1ベクトル出力)であり、Hは、特定の時間に、NT送信アンテナとNR受信アンテナのためのチャネル応答を与えるNR×NTチャネル係数マトリクスであり、xは送信された記号ベクトル(すなわち、MIMOチャネルへのNT×1ベクトル入力)であり、nは、雑音プラス干渉を表すNR×1ベクトルである。受信された記号ベクトルrは特定の時刻にNRの受信アンテナを介して受信したNR信号からのNR変調記号を含む。同様に、送信された記号ベクトルxは、特定の時刻において、NTの送信アンテナを介して送信されたNT信号内にNT変調記号を含む。
CCMI技術の場合、受信機システムは最初に受信した記号ベクトルrに関してチャネル整合(matched)フィルタ動作を実行し、フィルタされた出力は、以下のように表すことができる。
但し、上付き文字"H"は転置および複素共役を表す。正方行列マトリクスRは、共役転置HH (すなわち、R=HHH)を有したチャネル係数マトリクスHの積を示すために使用することができる。
nの自己相関マトリクスφnnは以下のように表すことができる。
雑音分散は、受信した記号ベクトルのi番目の要素を、1/(γii)1/2倍することにより正規化することができる。
完全CSI技術の場合、NR受信アンテナの出力において受信された信号は上の式(2)に示すように表すことができ、これは、
r=Hx+n
である。
チャネルマトリクスと共役転置との積により形成されるエルミート行列の固有ベクトル分解は以下のように表すことができる:
x=Eb
HHHは、エルミートなので、固有ベクトルマトリクスは、ユニタリである。従って、bの要素が等しい指数を有するなら、要素xも等しい指数を有する。従って、受信された信号は、以下のように表すことができる:
r=HEb+n 式(19)
受信機は、チャネル整合フィルタ動作を実行し、その後に、右固有ベクトルによる乗算が続く。チャネル整合フィルタおよび乗算動作の結果は、ベクトルzである。これは以下のように表すことができる。
ここに記載した、部分CSI(例えば、CCMIまたはUMMSE)または完全CSI技術を用いて、受信信号に対して、各送信チャネルのSNRを得ることができる。送信チャネルのための決定されたSNRは、逆方向チャネルを介して送信機システムに報告を戻すことができる。送信チャネルのための(すなわち、各空間サブチャネルのためのおよびおそらく、OFDMが採用されるなら、各周波数サブチャネルのための)送信された変調記号のSNR値をフィードバックすることにより、MIMOチャネルの利用を改良するために適応処理(例えば、適応符号化および変調)を実施することが可能である。部分CSIフィードバック技術の場合、完全CSIを伴わずに適応処理を達成することができる。完全CSIフィードバック技術の場合、十分な情報(必ずしも明白な固有値および固有モードである必要はない)が送信機にフィードバックされ、利用される各周波数サブチャネルのための固有値と固有モードの計算を容易にする。
CCMI技術に関しては、 γi=1/σn 2γii
UMMSE技術に関しては、 γi=1/υii
完全CSI技術に関しては、 γi=λii/σn 2
Claims (44)
- 下記を具備する、マルチプル入力−マルチプル出力(MIMO)通信システムにおいて、送信機装置から受信機装置にデータを送信するための方法:
受信機装置において、
複数の受信アンテナを介して複数の信号を受信する、ここにおいて各受信アンテナからの前記受信された信号は前記送信機装置から送信された1つまたはそれより多くの信号の結合を具備する;
前記受信された信号を処理し、データ送信のために使用される複数の送信チャネルの特性を示すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を得る;および
前記チャネル状態情報を前記送信機装置に送信し戻す;および
送信機装置において、
前記受信機装置から前記チャネル状態情報を受信する、および
前記受信したチャネル状態情報に基づいて前記受信機装置への送信のためにデータを処理する。 - 前記報告されたチャネル状態情報は、前記複数の送信チャネルの各々に関する信号対雑音プラス干渉(SNR)の推定を具備する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記送信機装置における前記処理は、
前記送信チャネルに関する前記信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定に基づいて各送信チャネルに関するデータを符号化することを含む、請求項2の方法。 - 各送信チャネルの前記データは、前記送信チャネルに関する前記信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定に基づいて独立して符号化される、請求項3の方法。
- 前記符号化は、
前記送信チャネルに関するデータを固定ベースコートで符号化する、および
前記送信チャネルに関する前記信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定に基づいて符号化されたビットのパンクチャリングを調節する、
を含む、請求項3の方法。 - 前記送信機装置における前記処理は、
前記送信チャネルに関する前記信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定に基づいて選択された変調スキームに従って各送信チャネルに関して符号化されたデータを変調する
をさらに含む請求項3の方法。 - 前記報告されたチャネル状態情報は、前記複数の送信チャネルに関する特徴づけを具備する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記報告されたチャネル状態情報は、前記複数の送信チャネルの固有モードおよび固有値を示す、請求項1の方法。
- 前記送信機装置における前記処理は、
前記固有値に基づいて前記送信チャネルに関するデータを符号化する
を含む請求項8の方法。 - 各送信チャネルに関する前記データは独立して符号化される、請求項9の方法。
- 前記送信機装置における前記処理は、
前記固有値に基づいて選択された変調スキームに従って、符号化された前記送信チャネルに関するデータを変調し、変調記号を提供する
をさらに含む請求項9の方法。 - 前記送信機装置における前記処理は、
該固有モードに基づいて送信の前に前記変調記号を事前調整する
をさらに含む請求項11の方法。 - 前記チャネル状態情報は前記受信機装置から完全に送信される、請求項1の方法。
- 前記チャネル状態情報は前記受信機装置から、周期的に、完全に送信される、ここにおいて、前記チャネル状態情報への更新は完全送信の間に送信される、請求項13の方法。
- 前記チャネル状態情報は、特定のしきい値を超えたチャネル特性の変化が検出されると、送信される、請求項1の方法。
- 該複数の固有モードおよび固有値を示す前記チャネル状態情報は異なる更新レートで送信される、請求項8の方法。
- 前記チャネル状態情報は、相関行列反転(CCM)処理に基づいて前記受信機装置において得られる、請求項1の方法。
- 前記受信機装置における相関行列反転処理は、
前記受信された信号を処理し、受信された変調記号を得る;
前記受信された変調記号を第1のマトリクスに従ってフィルタし、フィルタされた変調記号を提供する、ここにおいて前記第1のマトリクスは前記データ送信のために使用された前記複数の受信アンテナと複数の送信アンテナとの間のチャネル特性の推定を表す;
前記フィルタされた変調記号を第2のマトリクスと乗算し、送信された変調記号の推定を提供する;および
前記データ送信のために使用された複数の送信チャネルの特性を推定する
を備える、請求項17の方法。 - 下記をさらに具備する、請求項18の方法:
特定の復調スキームに従って該変調記号の推定を復調し、復調された記号を提供する。 - 下記をさらに具備する、請求項19の方法:
特定の復号スキームに従って前記復調された記号を復号する。 - 下記をさらに具備する、請求項18の方法:
冗長送信のために変調記号の推定を結合し、結合された変調記号の推定を提供する。 - 下記をさらに具備する、請求項18の方法:
前記受信された変調記号に基づいてチャネル係数マトリクスを得る、
ここにおいて、前記第1のマトリクスは前記チャネル係数マトリクスから得られる。 - 前記チャネル係数マトリクスは、パイロットデータに対応する受信された変調記号に基づいて得られる、請求項22の方法。
- 前記第2のマトリクスは、前記第1のマトリクスに基づいて得られた逆二乗マトリクスである、請求項18の方法。
- 前記チャネル状態情報は、バイアスされない最小平均二乗誤差(UMMSE)処理に基づいて前記受信機装置において得られる、請求項1の方法。
- 前記最小平均二乗誤差処理は、
前記受信された信号を処理し、受信された変調記号を得る;
前記受信された変調記号を第1マトリクスMと乗算し、送信された変調記号の推定を提供する;および
前記受信され変調記号に基づいて前記データ送信のために使用された複数の送信チャネルの特性を推定する、
ここにおいて、前記第1のマトリクスMは、前記変調記号の推定と送信された変調記号との間の平均二乗誤差を最小にするように選択される
を含む請求項25の方法。 - 下記をさらに具備する、請求項26の方法:
前記変調記号の推定を第2のマトリクスと乗算し、前記送信された変調記号のバイアスされていない推定を提供する、および
ここにおいて、前記送信チャネルの前記特性は該バイアスされていない変調記号の推定に基づいて推定される。 - 下記をさらに具備する請求項27の方法:
前記バイアスされていない変調記号の推定に基づいて、および前記バイアスされていない変調記号の推定と前記送信された変調記号との間の前記平均二乗誤差を最小にするように前記第1のマトリクスMを導く。 - 前記MIMOシステムは、直交周波数分割変調(OFDM)を実施する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記受信機装置および送信機装置の各々における前記処理は、複数の周波数サブチャネルの各々に関して行われる、請求項29の方法。
- 下記を具備する、マルチプル入力マルチプル出力(MIMO)通信システムにおいて送信機装置から受信機装置にデータを送信するための方法:
受信機装置において、
複数の受信アンテナを介して複数の信号を受信する、ここにおいて各受信アンテナからの前記受信された信号は、前記送信機装置から送信された1つまたはそれより多くの信号の結合を具備する、
前記複数の受信された信号を処理し、前記送信機装置から送信された複数の変調記号の複数の推定を提供する、
データ送信のために使用された複数の送信チャネルの信号対雑音プラス干渉(SNR)を推定する、および
前記送信チャネルに関する信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定を前記送信機装置に送信し戻す;および
前記送信機装置において、前記受信された信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定に従って、前記受信機装置への送信のために、データを処理する。 - 前記複数の送信チャネルの各々の信号対雑音プラス干渉は推定され、各送信チャネルに関する信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定は前記送信機装置に送信されて戻される、請求項31の方法。
- 下記をさらに具備する、請求項31の方法:
前記受信機装置において、
データ送信のために使用された前記複数の送信チャネルに関する複数の特性づけを得る、および
前記複数の特徴づけを前記送信機装置に送信して戻す。 - 下記をさらに具備する、請求項33の方法:
送信機装置において、前記複数の送信チャネルに関する複数の特徴づけに従って、前記受信機装置への送信の前に複数の変調記号を事前調整する。 - 前記受信された変調記号は、チャネル相関行列反転(CCMI)スキームに従って処理される、請求項31の方法。
- 前記受信された変調記号は、バイアスされない最小平均二乗誤差(UMMSE)スキームに従って処理される、請求項31の方法。
- 前記送信機装置における前記処理は、
前記受信された前記送信チャネルに関する信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定に従って、各送信チャネルに関するデータを符号化する、
を含む請求項31の方法。 - 前記送信機装置における前記処理の前記処理は、
前記受信された前記送信チャネルに関する信号対雑音プラス干渉の推定に基づいて選択された変調スキームに基づいて、各送信チャネルに関する符号化されたデータを変調する、
をさらに具備する請求項37の方法。 - 下記を具備する、マルチプル入力マルチプル出力(MIMO)通信システム:
下記を具備する受信機装置;
複数の受信アンテナを介して複数の信号を受信し、前記受信された信号を処理して受信された変調記号を提供するように構成された複数のフロントエンドプロセッサ;
前記フロントエンドプロセッサに結合された、および前記受信された変調記号を受信および処理して、データ送信のために使用された複数の送信チャネルの複数の特性を示すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を得るように構成された、少なくとも1つの受信マルチプル入力マルチプル出力プロセッサ、および
前記マルチプル入力マルチプル出力プロセッサに動作可能に結合された、および前記送信機装置に送信し戻すために前記チャネル状態情報を処理するように構成された、送信データプロセッサ;および
下記を具備する、送信機装置;
前記受信機装置からの1つまたはそれより多くの信号を受信および処理し、前記送信されたチャネル状態情報を再生するように構成された少なくとも1つの復調器、および
前記再生されたチャネル状態情報に基づいて、前記受信機装置への送信のためにデータを処理するように構成された送信データプロセッサ。 - 下記を具備する、マルチプル入力マルチプル出力(MIMO)通信システムにおける受信機装置:
複数の受信アンテナを介して複数の送信された信号を受信し、前記受信された信号を処理して受信された変調記号を提供するように構成された複数のフロントエンドプロセッサ;
前記複数のフロントエンドプロセッサに動作可能に結合された、および第1のマトリクスに従って前記受信された変調記号をフィルタしてフィルタされた変調記号を提供するように構成されたフィルタ、ここにおいて、前記第1のマトリクスは、前記データ送信のために使用された前記複数の受信アンテナと複数の送信アンテナとの間の複数のチャネル特性の推定を表す;
前記フィルタに結合された、および前記フィルタされた変調記号を第2のマトリクスと乗算して送信された変調記号の推定を提供するように構成された乗算器;
前記乗算器と結合された、および前記データ送信のために使用された複数の送信チャネルの複数の特性を推定して前記推定されたチャネル特性を示すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を提供するように構成されたチャネル品質推定器;および
前記受信機装置からの送信のために前記チャネル状態情報を受信および処理するように構成された送信データプロセッサ。 - 下記をさらに具備する、請求項40の受信機装置:
前記変調記号の推定に基づいてチャネル係数マトリクスを得るように構成された第2の推定器、ここにおいて前記第1のマトリクスは前記チャネル係数マトリクスに基づいて得られる。 - 前記送信チャネル特性の前記推定は、信号対雑音プラス干渉(SNR)の推定を具備する、請求項40の受信機装置。
- 下記をさらに具備する、請求項40の受信機装置:
1つまたはそれより多くの復調素子、各復調素子は特定の復調スキームに従って変調記号の推定のそれぞれのストリームを受信および復調して復調された記号のストリームを提供するように構成される。 - 下記をさらに具備する請求項43の受信機装置:
1つまたはそれより多くの復号器、各復号器は特定の復号スキームに従って復調された記号のストリームを受信および復号して復号されたデータを提供するように構成される。
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