JP2008298418A - Combustion device and fuel producing method for organic matter - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion device for organic matter having high thermal efficiency by introducing high temperature gas generated in a gasifier to the combustion device while producing fuel for the combustion device from gas generated in the gasifier. <P>SOLUTION: The combustion device for organic matter includes the gasifier 10 for generating gas by carbonizing organic matter, and the combustion device 20 that uses the gas generated in the gasifier 10 as fuel. The combustion device 20 is composed of a first cylinder 21 forming a combustion space 21a, and a second cylinder 22 forming air distribution passages 22a, 22b. Radiation heat in the combustion space 21a is supplied to air flowing in the air distribution passages 22a, 22b, heated air is introduced into the gasifier 10 by the second cylinder 22, combustible material in the gasifier 10 is gasified by the heated air, and the gas generated in the gasifier 10 is introduced into the combustion space 21a and burned. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an organic matter combustion apparatus capable of gasifying an organic substance and using the gas as a combustion fuel.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been proposed an organic combustor that can gasify an organic substance and use the gas as a fuel for combustion.
For example, in Patent Document 1, an organic substance is dried or fermented with a gas generated from the organic substance, and then air is mixed with this gas and burned by a burner.
Moreover, in patent document 2, the gas generated from organic substance is burned in a combustion chamber, and organic substance is dried with this combustion gas.
Further, Patent Document 3 proposes an apparatus that uses a gas generated from an organic substance as a fuel for a combustion furnace, and operates using the gas generated from the organic substance as a fuel except for the initial operation.
In addition, when composting organic substance, a fermentation process is required (for example, patent document 4).
However, when the organic substance is heated and carbonized, it does not need to be fermented, so no time is taken for fermentation.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-66951 JP 2000-117220 A JP 2001-3062 A JP 2002-126700 A

However, the apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1 includes a burner for carbonizing organic matter, and does not use a gas generated from the organic matter as fuel for the burner. Moreover, since the gas generated from the organic substance is burned by the burner after being used for drying the organic substance, the combustion temperature is lowered. Moreover, since combustion air is taken in from the outside, the combustion temperature is further lowered. Furthermore, although the structure which utilizes this combustion heat for drying of organic substance is proposed, the structure which carries out complete combustion is not proposed. Therefore, the combustion temperature of the gas generated from the organic matter is not sufficiently high, and since it is not configured for complete combustion, the exhaust gas may contain harmful substances such as dioxin. .
Further, the apparatus proposed in Patent Document 2 also includes a burner for carbonizing organic matter, and does not use a gas generated from the organic matter as fuel for the burner. Moreover, although the gas generated from organic substance is burned with a burner, the structure which carries out complete combustion is not proposed. Therefore, the exhaust gas may contain harmful substances such as dioxins. In Patent Document 2, a configuration for increasing the temperature of combustion air is shown. However, the configuration uses a waste heat of the burner with a heat exchanger interposed therebetween, which complicates the apparatus and eliminates the waste of the burner. Heat loss is large because heat is used only for heating combustion air.
In the apparatus proposed in Patent Document 3, gas generated from organic substances is used as fuel for the combustion furnace. However, since combustion air is introduced from the outside, it is difficult to raise the combustion temperature. In addition, the combustion chamber of this apparatus is configured in a cylindrical shape, and the combustion gas moves from one end to the other end. However, the combustion temperature is highest at one end and only decreases thereafter, so that the combustion chamber is incompletely combusted. There is a high possibility that unburned gas exists, and there is a high possibility that harmful substances such as dioxin will be included in the exhaust gas.

  Thus, the present invention provides a high-efficiency organic matter combustion apparatus by introducing high-temperature gas generated by a gasifier into a combustion apparatus, while using the gas generated by the gasifier as fuel for the combustion apparatus. The purpose is to do.

An organic matter combustor according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises a gasifier that generates gas by carbonizing organic matter, and a combustion device that uses the gas generated by the gasifier as fuel. The combustion apparatus is composed of a first cylinder that forms a combustion space and a second cylinder that forms an air flow passage, and radiant heat in the combustion space is converted to the air flow passage. The heated air heated by the second cylinder is introduced into the gasifier, and combustibles in the gasifier are gasified by the heated air. The generated gas is introduced into the combustion space and burned.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for combusting organic matter according to the first aspect, the heated air in which the first cylinder is an inner tube having a combustion space inside and the air flow passage is passed through the first cylinder. A part of the air is used as combustion air introduced into the combustion space.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the second aspect, an air introduction port is provided upstream of the air flow passage, and an air discharge port is provided downstream of the air flow passage. The air flow direction in the air flow passage and the combustion flow direction in the inner pipe are the same direction.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter combustor according to the second aspect, a primary combustion air introduction pipe for introducing the combustion air to the upstream side of the combustion space; A secondary combustion air introduction pipe introduced downstream of the combustion space; an additional fuel pipe for supplying fuel to the primary combustion air introduction pipe; and the primary combustion air introduction pipe supplied from the additional combustion pipe to the primary combustion air introduction pipe A valve that adjusts the amount of fuel; a temperature sensor that detects a temperature downstream of the secondary combustion in the combustion space; and a controller that controls opening and closing of the valve based on a signal from the temperature sensor. And the control unit opens the valve when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor decreases.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter combustor according to the second aspect, a throttle portion is formed at a downstream end portion of the inner pipe.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the second aspect, a honeycomb-shaped heating body is formed at a downstream end portion of the inner pipe.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter combustor according to the first aspect, the temperature of the combustor is controlled by the amount of the combustible material introduced into the gasifier.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter combustor according to the first aspect, the temperature of the combustion apparatus is controlled by the amount of air from the combustion air discharge port.
The organic fuel conversion method of the present invention according to claim 9 includes a pulverization step of pulverizing the organic material, a drying step of drying the organic material after pulverization, and a vaporization step of gasifying by heating after the drying step. And a method for converting the organic matter into a fuel that uses the gas generated in the vaporization step as a combustion gas, and includes a fermentation step in which the organic matter is subjected to primary fermentation decomposition before the drying step.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter combustor according to the first aspect, the gasifier includes an outer tube that forms a cylindrical gasification space, and is provided above the outer tube. Is provided with an input pipe for introducing the organic substance and a discharge pipe for deriving a gas generated by heating the organic substance, and a discharge pipe for discharging carbide generated by the heating of the organic substance is provided at a lower part of the outer cylinder pipe. It is characterized by that.
The present invention according to claim 11 is the organic matter combustion apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the input pipe and the discharge pipe are connected by a circulation path, and the organic substance is connected to the introduction pipe via the circulation path. Supplying and heating air in the circulation path is circulated.

According to the present invention, the high-temperature gas generated by the gasifier is introduced into the combustion apparatus, and air exists in the high-temperature gas, so that continuous and stable combustion is performed without lowering the combustion temperature. be able to.
Further, according to the present invention, the radiant heat of the combustion space can be used as heated air introduced into the gasifier and combustion air introduced into the combustion space.
Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent a temperature decrease on the downstream side in the combustion space, and complete combustion can be performed in the combustion space.
Further, according to the present invention, by introducing the combustion air whose temperature is sufficiently increased into the combustion space, the combustion temperature on the downstream side of the combustion space can be increased, and complete combustion can be performed.
Further, according to the present invention, the combustion temperature can be increased and complete combustion can be performed by the throttle portion or the honeycomb-shaped heating element.
In addition, according to the present invention, the combustion amount can be controlled without using a flow control valve or the like by controlling the temperature of the combustion space by the amount of combustible material input to the gasifier, Reliability can be increased.
Further, according to the present invention, complete combustion can be facilitated by controlling the temperature of the combustion space by the amount of air from the combustion air discharge port.
In addition, according to the present invention, the total thermal efficiency can be increased by subjecting the organic matter to primary fermentation decomposition before the drying step, as compared with the case of drying without fermentation.

An organic matter combusting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a combustion apparatus including a first cylinder that forms a combustion space and a second cylinder that forms an air flow passage. Radiant heat is given to the air flowing through the air flow passage, the heated air heated by the second cylinder is introduced into the gasifier, and the combustible in the gasifier is gasified by the heated air. The gas generated inside is introduced into the combustion space and burned. According to this embodiment, fresh air is used as heated air instead of using combustion gas as a heated gas for carbonizing organic matter. Accordingly, since the gas generated in the gasifier has air necessary for combustion, the gas generated in the gasifier can be introduced into the combustion apparatus and burned without newly mixing air. . Therefore, in the combustion apparatus, gas mixed with air at a high temperature is introduced, so that continuous stable combustion can be performed without lowering the combustion temperature.
According to a second embodiment of the present invention, in the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the first embodiment, the first cylinder is an inner tube having a combustion space inside, and the heated air is passed through the air flow passage. A part of the air is used as combustion air introduced into the combustion space. According to the present embodiment, the radiant heat of the combustion space can be used for heating the air introduced into the gasifier and also for heating the combustion air introduced into the combustion space.
According to a third embodiment of the present invention, in the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the second embodiment, an air introduction port is provided on the upstream side of the air flow passage, and an air discharge port is provided on the downstream side of the air flow passage. The air flow direction in the air flow passage and the combustion flow direction in the inner pipe are the same direction. According to the present embodiment, by setting the air flow direction and the combustion flow direction to be the same direction, a decrease in the combustion temperature on the downstream side can be prevented, and complete combustion can be performed.
According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the second embodiment, a primary combustion air introduction pipe that introduces combustion air to the upstream side of the combustion space, and combustion air is combusted. Adjust the secondary combustion air introduction pipe to be introduced downstream of the space, the additional fuel pipe that supplies fuel to the primary combustion air introduction pipe, and the amount of fuel that is supplied from the additional combustion pipe to the primary combustion air introduction pipe And a temperature sensor that detects the temperature downstream of the secondary combustion in the combustion space, and a control unit that performs opening / closing control of the valve based on a signal from the temperature sensor. The valve is opened when the detected temperature due to is lowered. According to the present embodiment, by supplying fuel from the additional fuel pipe, it is possible to prevent a decrease in combustion temperature, and by introducing combustion air whose temperature has been sufficiently increased into the combustion space, combustion is achieved. The combustion temperature on the downstream side of the space can be increased, and complete combustion can be performed.
According to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the second embodiment, a throttle portion is formed at the downstream end portion of the inner pipe. According to the present embodiment, since the flow rate can be increased by the throttle portion and the combustion temperature can be increased, complete combustion can be performed.
The sixth embodiment of the present invention is such that a honeycomb-shaped heating body is formed at the downstream end portion of the inner pipe in the organic combustion apparatus according to the second embodiment. According to the present embodiment, since the flow rate can be increased and the combustion temperature can be increased by the honeycomb-shaped heating element, complete combustion can be performed.
The seventh embodiment of the present invention controls the temperature of the combustor according to the amount of combustible material introduced into the gasifier in the organic matter combustor according to the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, the amount of combustion gas supplied to the combustion device is controlled by the input amount of combustible material, and the flow rate control valve of the combustion gas is not used. Can be increased.
The eighth embodiment of the present invention controls the temperature of the combustion apparatus by the amount of air from the combustion air discharge port in the organic matter combustor according to the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to facilitate complete combustion by controlling the combustion temperature with the air introduced on the downstream side of the combustion space.
The method for combusting organic matter according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention includes a fermentation step in which the organic matter is subjected to primary fermentation decomposition before the drying step. According to the present embodiment, compared with the case of drying without fermentation, the amount of gas generated from organic matter is reduced by fermentation, but the amount of heating required for drying can be reduced, so the total thermal efficiency Can be high.
The tenth embodiment of the present invention is an organic matter combustor according to the first embodiment, wherein the gasifier includes an outer tube that forms a cylindrical gasification space, and an upper portion of the outer tube. Is provided with an input pipe for introducing the organic substance and a discharge pipe for deriving a gas generated by heating the organic substance, and a discharge pipe for discharging the carbide generated by the heating of the organic substance is provided at the lower part of the outer tube. is there. According to the present embodiment, the organic material is guided downward by natural falling, whereby the heat treatment can be advanced as it moves downward, and the carbonization time can be sufficiently secured.
According to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, in the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the tenth embodiment, the input pipe and the discharge pipe are connected by a circulation path, and the organic matter is supplied from the introduction pipe via the circulation path. The heated air in the circulation path is circulated. According to this Embodiment, the temperature fall by discharge | emission of the organic substance after a carbonization process can be prevented, and the temperature of gasification space can be maintained at high temperature.

Hereinafter, an organic combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an organic matter combusting apparatus according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a layout view of the apparatus according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the organic combustion apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a gasifier 10 that generates gas by carbonizing an organic substance, and a combustion apparatus that uses the gas generated by the gasifier 10 as fuel. 20 and a drying device 40 for drying the organic matter to be input to the gasifier 10.
The gasifier 10 includes an outer tube 11 that forms a cylindrical gasification space 11 a with both ends closed, and an agitating and conveying member 12 disposed inside the outer tube 11. The outer tube 11 covers the inner periphery with a refractory material 13 such as refractory cement or refractory brick. An inlet pipe 14 is connected to one end side of the outer cylinder pipe 11 and a gas discharge pipe 15 is connected to the other end side of the outer cylinder pipe 11 at the upper part of the outer cylinder pipe 11. The closing pipe 14 is provided with an opening / closing valve 14b for opening and closing the passage of the charging pipe 14. In addition, a large number of air discharge holes 16 are formed in the lower portion of the outer tube 11. Further, a discharge pipe 17 for discharging the carbonized organic matter is provided at the lower part on the other end side of the outer tube 11.
The agitating / conveying member 12 includes a feed blade 12a, a rotary shaft 12b that rotates the feed blade 12a, and a drive motor 12c that drives the rotary shaft 12b. The feed blade 12a is provided with a plurality of protrusions, and the organic substances can be agitated by the protrusions.
It is preferable to put the heating material 18 into the outer tube 11 together with the organic matter dried by the drying device 40. Here, the heating material 18 is made of metal, ceramics, molten sludge, or natural stone. The shape of the heating material 18 is a columnar shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a spherical shape, or a crushed shape, and the spherical shape or the elliptical spherical shape is most preferable. By mixing the heating material 18 with the organic material, the organic material can be heated by the heat from the heating material 18 and solidification of the organic material during gasification can be prevented. Further, the mixture of the heating material 18 and the organic material has better fluidity than the case of only the organic material.
A heated air supply unit 19 is provided below the outer tube 11, and the heated air supply unit 19 has a heated air inlet 19 a. Further, a gasification preheating burner 19b for sending hot air to the heated air introduction port 19a is provided.

As shown also in FIG. 2, the combustion device 20 includes a first air flow passage 22 a and a second air flow between a cylindrical first tube (inner tube) 21 that forms a combustion space 21 a and the inner tube 21. And a cylindrical second tube (outer tube) 22 forming the air flow passage 22b. On one end side of the inner pipe 21, there are a combustion port 23 communicating with the start burner 23 a and a fuel supply port 24 for discharging gas from the gasifier 10. On the other end side of the inner tube 21, a truncated cone-shaped constricted portion 25 a having a reduced downstream flow path diameter is formed, and on the downstream side of the constricted portion 25 a and outside the outer tube 22, a heating body is formed. 25b is connected. Here, the heating body 25b forms a plurality of passages having a honeycomb cross section. Further, on the downstream side of the inner pipe 21, a large number of holes 21b communicating with the second air flow passage 22b are provided. Moreover, it is preferable to provide a plurality of holes 21c communicating with the second air flow passage 22b in the throttle portion 25a. The outer periphery of the narrowed portion 25a and the outer periphery of the heating body 25b are covered with a refractory material 25c such as refractory cement or refractory brick.
The outer tube 22 covers the inner periphery with a refractory material 26 such as refractory cement or refractory brick. The outer tube 22 has a first air introduction port 27 and a second air introduction port 28 on one end side, and an air discharge port 29 on the other end side. The combustion device 20 includes a blower 27 a that sends air to the first air introduction port 27 and a blower 28 a that sends air to the second air introduction port 28.
The space between the inner tube 21 and the outer tube 22 is divided into a first air flow passage 22a and a second air flow passage 22b by a separation plate 30 provided in parallel to the axes of the inner tube 21 and the outer tube 22. It is partitioned.
The first air introduction port 27 and the air discharge port 29 are provided in the first air flow passage 22a, and the second air introduction port 28 and the holes 21b and 21c are provided in the second air flow passage 22b. Yes.

The drying device 40 includes a cylindrical outer cylinder 41 that forms a drying space 41 a and a stirring member 42 that is disposed inside the outer cylinder 41. The stirring member 42 includes a stirring blade 42a, a stirring shaft 42b that rotates the stirring blade 42a, and a drive motor 42c that drives the stirring shaft 42b. The agitating blade 42a is preferably composed of a comb-like plate, and a structure in which a large lump of organic matter is broken up with this comb-like plate and only a small lump of organic matter is guided to the inlet 44 is preferred. A heating space 43 for heating the inside is formed on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 41. The heating space 43 is connected to a heated air outlet 43a for introducing heated air and a heated air outlet 43b for discharging the introduced heated air. In addition, a charging port 44 for connecting the charging pipe 14 of the gasifier 10 is provided on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 41.
In addition, by supplying the heating material 18 to the drying device 40 together with the organic matter, drying of the organic matter can be promoted and the organic matter can be deagglomerated.

The gas discharge pipe 15 of the gasifier 10 and the fuel supply port 24 of the combustion apparatus 20 are connected by a gas pipe 51, and the air discharge port 29 of the combustion apparatus 20 and the heated air inlet 19a of the gasifier 10 are air pipes. 52 are connected. The gas pipe 51 is provided with a liquid material introduction pipe 51a for introducing a liquid material.
The gasification device 10 includes a temperature detection sensor 53a that detects the temperature in the gasification space 11a, the combustion device 20 includes a temperature detection sensor 53b that detects the temperature in the combustion space 21a, and the second air flow passage 22b. A temperature detection sensor 53c for detecting the internal temperature and a temperature detection sensor 53d for detecting the temperature in the heating body 25b are provided.
Further, the detection signals of the respective temperature detection sensors 53a, 53b, 53c, and 53d are input to the control unit 54. Based on these detection signals, the control unit 54 controls the operation of the gasification preheating burner 19b, the drive motor 12c, the start burner 23a, and the blowers 27a and 28a.
The gasifier 10 and the combustion device 20 are provided side by side as shown in FIG. 3, so that a small device can be realized, and the air heated by the combustion device 20 can be effectively used for the gasifier 10, and the gas The gas generated by the gasification apparatus 10 can be effectively used by the combustion apparatus 20.

Next, the operation of the organic combustion apparatus according to this embodiment will be described.
First, before operating this apparatus, the organic matter is pulverized by an apparatus (not shown) and decomposed by primary fermentation. The primary fermentation may be naturally fermented with heat of fermentation, but it is preferably performed by adding fermented bacteria and heating to a predetermined temperature. The primary fermented organic matter is put into the drying device 40 of the present apparatus and dried. When organic substances are gasified and used as a fuel for combustion, the amount of gas generated is reduced by performing the primary fermentation process, but the amount of heat required for the drying process can be reduced by primary fermentation, and the total thermal efficiency is improved. Can be increased.
Organic materials that can be used with this equipment include wood, plastic materials, plants, food residues, sludge, waste oil, etc., especially composted by waste, plastics and other wastes that are subject to landfill and incineration. Suitable for food residues, thinned wood, and leaves that are difficult to produce.

First, the gasification preheating burner 19b and the start burner 23a are operated to heat the gasification space 11a of the gasification device 10 and the combustion space 21a of the combustion device 20.
It is preferable to put the heating material 18 in the gasification space 11a in advance.
When it is detected by the temperature detection sensor 53a that the temperature of the gasification space 11a has risen to 400 ° C. to 500 ° C., the on-off valve 14b is opened and the dried organic matter is fed from the drying device 40 to the gasification device 10. Further, by operating the drive motor 12c, the charged dry organic matter is conveyed from one end of the outer tube 11 toward the other end while being agitated by the feed blade 12a. The dried organic matter is gasified while being transported from one end of the outer tube 11 toward the other end. For example, oil is gasified at a temperature of 120 ° C to 200 ° C, wood is gasified at a temperature of 220 ° C to 330 ° C, and plastic material is gasified at a temperature of 230 ° C to 280 ° C. Therefore, if the internal temperature of the gasification space 11a is about 350 ° C., most organic substances are gasified, and carbides remain after gasification. The carbide is discharged from the discharge pipe 17 together with the heating material 18.
The gas generated in the gasification space 11 a is discharged from the gas discharge pipe 15 and supplied to the combustion space 21 a from the fuel supply port 24 of the combustion device 20 via the gas pipe 51.
In the combustion apparatus 20, the start burner 23a is heated to 600 ° C. to 700 ° C., and the gas generated in the gasification space 11a is introduced to stop the start burner 23a. The start burner 23a can be stopped by delaying a predetermined time from detection of a predetermined temperature in the gasification space 11a.

In the combustion apparatus 20, the blowers 27a and 28a are operated together with the operation of the start burner 23a or after a predetermined time delay from the operation of the start burner 23a.
The air sent from the air inlet 27 to the first air flow passage 22a by the blower 27a is heated while passing through the first air flow passage 22a. The heated air is discharged from the air discharge port 29 and introduced into the heated air supply unit 19 from the heated air introduction port 19 a of the gasifier 10 via the air pipe 52. The heated air introduced into the heated air supply unit 19 is ejected from the air discharge hole 16 into the gasification space 11a and introduced into the gasification space 11a.
On the other hand, the air sent from the air inlet 28 to the second air flow passage 22b by the blower 28a is heated while passing through the second air flow passage 22b. The heated air is discharged from the holes 21b and 21c into the combustion space 21a. In the combustion space 21a, combustion is promoted by introduction of heated air from the holes 21b and 21c, and further complete combustion by passing through the constricted portion 25a and the heating body 25b becomes hot air of 900 ° C to 1100 ° C. Is discharged.
In the stable operation state after the starting operation, the control unit 54 controls the temperature of the combustion space 21a detected by the temperature detection sensor 53b to be within a predetermined range by adjusting the amount of air blown from the blower 27a.
However, when the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 53b falls below a predetermined range of temperatures, the amount of organic matter input from the drying device 40 to the gasifier 10 is increased, thereby increasing the amount of gas supplied to the combustion space 21a. . If the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 53b does not reach the predetermined temperature even when the amount of gas supplied to the combustion space 21a is increased, the start burner 23a is operated.
When the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 53c is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature, the temperature of the supply air to the combustion space 21a is increased by reducing the amount of air supplied from the blower 28a to the second air flow passage 22b.
When the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 53d becomes equal to or lower than the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 53b, the amount of air supplied to the combustion space 21a is increased by increasing the amount of air supplied from the blower 28a to the second air flow passage 22b. Increase.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the radiant heat of the combustion space 21a is given to the air flowing through the first air flow passage 22a, and the heated air heated by the first air flow passage 22a is gasified. The combustible in the gasifier 10 is gasified by the heated air, and the gas generated in the gasifier 10 is introduced into the combustion space 21a and burned. Accordingly, since fresh air is used as the heated gas for carbonizing the organic matter, the gas generated in the gasifier 10 includes air necessary for combustion and newly mixed with air. Instead, the gas generated in the gasifier 10 can be introduced into the combustion device 20 and burned. Thus, in the combustion apparatus 20, since the high-temperature gas mixed with air is introduced, continuous and stable combustion can be performed without lowering the combustion temperature.
Further, according to the present embodiment, the air that has passed through the first air flow passage 22a is used as heated air that is introduced into the gasifier 10, and the air that has been heated in the second air flow passage 22b is introduced into the combustion space 21a. Since the combustion air to be introduced is used, a device with high thermal efficiency can be provided by effectively using the radiant heat of the combustion space 21a.
Further, according to the present embodiment, the air introduction port 27 is provided on the upstream side of the first air flow passage 22a, and the air discharge port 29 is provided on the downstream side of the first air flow passage 22b. By setting the air flow direction of the passage 22a and the combustion flow direction of the combustion space 21a to be the same direction, it is possible to prevent the combustion temperature from decreasing downstream, and complete combustion can be performed in the combustion space 21a.
Further, according to the present embodiment, the air introduction port 28 is provided on the upstream side of the second air flow passage 22b, the combustion air discharge ports 21b and 21c are provided on the downstream side of the second air flow passage 22b, By making the air flow direction of the second air flow passage 22b and the combustion flow direction of the combustion space 21a the same direction, it is possible to prevent a temperature decrease on the downstream side of the combustion space 21a and sufficiently increase the temperature. By introducing the combustion air into the combustion space 21a, the combustion temperature on the downstream side of the combustion space 21a can be increased, and complete combustion can be performed.
Further, according to the present embodiment, the narrowed portion 25a is formed at the downstream end portion of the combustion space 21a, and the honeycomb-shaped heating body 25b is further formed, so that the combustion temperature can be increased and complete combustion can be performed. .
Further, according to the present embodiment, the amount of combustion can be controlled without using a flow rate control valve or the like by controlling the temperature of the combustion space 21a by the amount of combustible material introduced into the gasifier 10, and particularly at high temperatures. The reliability of the apparatus can be improved.
Further, according to the present embodiment, complete combustion can be facilitated by controlling the temperature of the combustion space by the amount of air from the combustion air discharge ports 21b and 21c.
Moreover, according to a present Example, by carrying out primary fermentation decomposition | disassembly of organic substance before a drying process, compared with the case where it dries without making it ferment, total thermal efficiency can be made high.

Next, an organic combustion apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the main part of the organic combustor according to the present embodiment.
In the organic matter combustion apparatus according to the present embodiment, the combustion air discharge port 21 c shown in FIG. 1 is provided in the air introduction pipe 21 d inserted in the inner pipe 21 instead of being provided in the inner pipe 21. The air introduction pipe 21d is configured by providing one end of the air introduction pipe 21 in the inner pipe 21 and arranging the other end in the center of the combustion space 21a and the position of the throttle portion 25a. A plurality of combustion air discharge ports 21c are provided on the other end side of the air introduction pipe 21d. Here, it is preferable that air is ejected from the combustion air discharge port 21c toward the downstream side by cutting and raising or a passage configuration. The other configuration is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS.
By providing the combustion air discharge port 21c in the air introduction pipe 21d as in the present embodiment, it is not necessary to process the refractory material 25c as shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, an organic combustion apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the organic combustor according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the organic combustor according to the present embodiment includes a gasifier 10 that generates gas by carbonizing an organic substance, and a combustor that uses the gas generated by the gasifier 10 as fuel. 20 and a drying device 40 for drying the organic matter to be input to the gasifier 10.
The gasifier 10 includes an outer tube 11 that forms a cylindrical gasification space 11a with the vertical direction as an axis. The outer tube 11 is covered with a refractory material 13 such as refractory cement or refractory brick. A charging pipe 14 and a gas discharge pipe 15 are connected to the upper part of the outer tube 11. In addition, a heated air supply unit 19 is disposed below the inside of the outer tube 11. The heated air supply unit 19 has a heated air inlet 19a. A discharge pipe 17 for discharging the carbonized organic matter and the heating material 18 is provided at the lower part of the outer tube 11. A gasification preheating burner 19 b for sending hot air is provided between the outer tube 11 and the refractory material 13.
Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the heated air supply unit 19 is formed in an annular shape, and the plurality of air discharge holes 16 are provided radially so as to be ejected toward the center. In addition, a plurality of mushroom-shaped protrusions 19 c are provided on the upper part of the heated air supply unit 19 formed in an annular shape.
In this way, the plurality of air discharge holes 16 are provided radially toward the center, and the plurality of mushroom-shaped protrusions 19c are provided to delay the rising speed of the high-temperature air and the falling speed of the organic substance, and Hot air can be effectively supplied between them.
The heating material 18 is put into the outer tube 11 together with the organic matter dried by the drying device 40. As already described in the above embodiment, the heating material 18 is made of metal, ceramics, molten sludge, and natural stone, and has a cylindrical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a spherical shape, and a crushed shape, and the spherical shape and the elliptical spherical shape are the most. preferable. By mixing the heating material 18 with the organic material, the organic material can be heated by the heat from the heating material 18 and solidification of the organic material during gasification can be prevented. Further, the mixture of the heating material 18 and the organic material has better fluidity than the case of only the organic material.
The input pipe 14 and the discharge pipe 17 are connected to the circulation path 61. In the circulation path 61, transfer means 62 such as a chain conveyor is provided. The transfer means 62 is driven by the drive motor 12C. The heated air in the circulation path 61 circulates in the circulation path 61.

The combustion apparatus 20 includes a cylindrical first tube (inner tube) 21 that forms a combustion space 21 a and a cylindrical second tube (outer tube) that forms an air flow passage 22 a between the inner tube 21. 22. At one end side of the inner pipe 21, a combustion port 23 communicating with the start burner 23a, a fuel supply port 24 for discharging gas from the gasifier 10, and heated air heated by the air flow passage 22a are supplied to the combustion space 21a. And a primary combustion air port 21e introduced upstream. On the other end side of the inner tube 21, a truncated cone-shaped constricted portion 25 a having a reduced downstream flow path diameter is formed, and on the downstream side of the constricted portion 25 a and outside the outer tube 22, a heating body is formed. 25b is connected. Here, the heating body 25b forms a plurality of passages having a honeycomb cross section. Further, on the downstream side of the inner pipe 21, a secondary combustion air port 21f from which heated air heated by the air flow passage 22a is ejected is provided. An air pipe 52 c that forms the secondary combustion air port 21 f is inserted from one end side of the inner pipe 21. The outer periphery of the narrowed portion 25a and the outer periphery of the heating body 25b are covered with a refractory material 25c such as refractory cement or refractory brick. A heat exchanging portion 25d is provided at the outlet of the heating body 25b.
The outer tube 22 covers the inner periphery with a refractory material 26 such as refractory cement or refractory brick. The outer tube 22 has an air introduction port 28 on one end side and an air discharge port 29 on the other end side. The combustion device 20 includes a blower 28 a that sends air to the air inlet 28.

The drying device 40 includes a cylindrical outer cylinder 41 that forms a drying space 41 a and a stirring member 42 that is disposed inside the outer cylinder 41. The stirring member 42 includes a stirring blade 42a, a stirring shaft 42b that rotates the stirring blade 42a, and a drive motor 42c that drives the stirring shaft 42b. The agitating blade 42a is preferably composed of a comb-like plate, and a structure in which a large lump of organic matter is broken up with this comb-like plate and only a small lump of organic matter is guided to the inlet 44 is preferred. A heating space 43 for heating the inside is formed on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 41. The heating space 43 is connected to a heated air outlet 43a for introducing heated air and a heated air outlet 43b for discharging the introduced heated air. In addition, a charging port 44 connected to the charging tube 14 is provided on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 41. The input pipe 14 is connected to a hopper 45.
In addition, by supplying the heating material 18 to the drying device 40 together with the organic matter, drying of the organic matter can be promoted and the organic matter can be deagglomerated.
The input pipe 14 is provided with an open / close valve 14b for opening and closing the passage of the input pipe 14.
The outlet of the hopper 45 is connected to the circulation path 61 through a damper 46 that opens and closes the passage. In addition, the circulation path 61 is provided with an ash removal portion 63 downstream of the connection position of the discharge pipe 17 and upstream of the connection position of the hopper 45. In the ash removal unit 63, a carbide having a certain size or less is dropped, and the uncarburized organic matter lump is returned to the gasifier 10 again by the circulation path 61.
The transfer means 62 conveys the organic residue and the heating material 18 discharged from the discharge pipe 17, drops the organic residue to the ash extraction unit 63, and moves the heating material 18.

The gas discharge pipe 15 of the gasifier 10 and the fuel supply port 24 of the combustion apparatus 20 are connected by a gas pipe 51. The gas pipe 51 is provided with a liquid material introduction pipe 51a for introducing a liquid material. The air discharge port 29 of the combustion device 20 has an air pipe 52a connected to the heated air supply unit 19 of the gasifier 10, an air pipe 52b connected to the primary combustion air port 21e, and secondary combustion air. An air pipe 52c connected to the port 21f is connected. Each of the air pipes 52a, 52b, 52c is provided with a valve, and the ratio of the heated air supplied to each of the air pipes 52a, 52b, 52c can be set.
The air pipe 52b is provided with a fuel tank 71 so that heat can be exchanged, and the fuel tank 71 is provided with an additional fuel pipe 72 for supplying fuel to the air pipe 52b. The additional fuel pipe 72 is provided with an air introduction pipe 73. Further, the additional fuel pipe 72 and the air introduction pipe 73 are provided with valves 74 and 75 for adjusting the supply amounts of fuel and air.
The air pipe 52c forms a catalyst space 21g before reaching the secondary combustion air port 21f. The catalyst space 21g is disposed between the primary combustion space and the secondary combustion space, and holds the catalyst.
Moreover, the high temperature heating air in the heat exchange part 25d is introduced into the air piping 52a by the air piping 52d. In addition, it replaces with the high temperature heating air in the heat exchange part 25d, or it is preferable to introduce the high temperature heating air in the combustion space 21a into the heating air inlet 19a with the high temperature heating air in the heat exchange part 25d.
The gasification device 10 is provided with a temperature detection sensor 53a for detecting the temperature in the gasification space 11a, and the combustion device 20 is provided with a temperature detection sensor 53d for detecting the temperature in the heating body 25b.
In addition, detection signals from the temperature detection sensors 53 a and 53 d are input to the control unit 54. In the control part 54, operation control of the gasification preheating burner 19b, the drive motor 12c, the start burner 23a, and the air blower 28a is performed based on these detection signals.

Next, the operation of the organic combustion apparatus according to this embodiment will be described.
First, before operating this apparatus, the organic matter is pulverized by an apparatus (not shown) and decomposed by primary fermentation. The primary fermentation may be naturally fermented with heat of fermentation, but it is preferably performed by adding fermented bacteria and heating to a predetermined temperature. The primary fermented organic matter is put into the drying device 40 of the present apparatus and dried. When organic substances are gasified and used as a fuel for combustion, the amount of gas generated is reduced by performing the primary fermentation process, but the amount of heat required for the drying process can be reduced by primary fermentation, and the total thermal efficiency is improved. Can be increased.
Organic materials that can be used with this equipment include wood, plastic materials, plants, food residues, sludge, waste oil, etc., especially composted by waste, plastics and other wastes that are subject to landfill and incineration. Suitable for food residues, thinned wood, and leaves that are difficult to produce.

First, the gasification preheating burner 19b and the start burner 23a are operated to heat the gasification space 11a of the gasification device 10 and the combustion space 21a of the combustion device 20.
The heating material 18 is put into the gasification space 11a or the drying space 41a in advance.
FIG. 5 shows a state in which the dry organic matter and the heating material 18 have already been introduced into the gasification space 11a.
When it is detected by the temperature detection sensor 53a that the temperature of the gasification space 11a has risen to 400 ° C. to 500 ° C., the operation of the preheating burner 19b is stopped, and the gas by only introducing heated air from the heated air supply unit 19 Shift to
The organic matter dried by the drying device 40 is temporarily stored in the hopper 45. The dry organic matter stored in the hopper 45 is supplied to the circulation path 61 by opening the damper 46. The dry organic matter supplied to the circulation path 61 is transferred by the transfer means 62 and is input from the input pipe 14 into the gasification space 11 a of the gasifier 10. The dried organic substance thrown into the gasification space 11 a is gasified by the heated air from the heated air supply unit 19 while being conveyed from one end of the outer tube 11 toward the other end. For example, oil is gasified at a temperature of 120 ° C to 200 ° C, wood is gasified at a temperature of 220 ° C to 330 ° C, and plastic material is gasified at a temperature of 230 ° C to 280 ° C. Therefore, if the internal temperature of the gasification space 11a is about 350 ° C., most organic substances are gasified, and carbides remain after gasification. The carbide is discharged from the discharge pipe 17 together with the heating material 18.
The residence time of the organic substance in the gasification space 11 a is controlled by the moving speed of the transfer means 62. That is, the drive motor 12c is controlled by the control unit 54 based on the detection signal of the temperature detection sensor 53a. Specifically, when the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 53a is lower than the set value, the drive motor 12c is driven at a low speed, and when the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 53a is higher than the set value, the drive motor 12c is driven at high speed.
The gas generated in the gasification space 11 a is discharged from the gas discharge pipe 15 and supplied to the combustion space 21 a from the fuel supply port 24 of the combustion device 20 via the gas pipe 51.
In the combustion apparatus 20, the start burner 23a is heated to 600 ° C. to 700 ° C., and the gas generated in the gasification space 11a is introduced to stop the start burner 23a. The start burner 23a can be stopped by delaying a predetermined time from detection of a predetermined temperature in the gasification space 11a.

In the combustion apparatus 20, the blower 28a is operated together with the operation of the start burner 23a or after a predetermined time delay from the operation of the start burner 23a.
The air sent from the air inlet 28 to the air flow passage 22a by the blower 28a is heated while passing through the air flow passage 22a. The heated air is discharged from the air discharge port 29 and supplied to the air pipes 52a, 52b, and 52c.
The heated air supplied from the air pipe 52 a is introduced into the heated air supply unit 19 from the heated air supply port 19 a of the gasifier 10. The heated air introduced into the heated air supply unit 19 is ejected from the air discharge hole 16 into the gasification space 11a.
On the other hand, the heated air supplied from the air pipe 52b is discharged to the upstream side in the combustion space 21a and used as primary combustion air.
Further, the heated air supplied from the air pipe 52c is discharged to the downstream side in the combustion space 21a and used as secondary combustion air.
In the combustion space 21a, combustion is promoted by introduction of heated air supplied from the air pipe 52c, and further complete combustion by passing through the throttle portion 25a and the heating body 25b becomes hot air of 900 ° C to 1100 ° C. It is discharged to the outside.
In the stable operation state after the start-up operation, the control unit 54 controls the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 25b to be within a predetermined range by adjusting the air volume of the blower 28a.
When the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 25b falls below a predetermined range, the valves 74 and 75 are opened, and supply of fuel and air from the additional fuel pipe 72 and the air introduction pipe 73 is started.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the radiant heat of the combustion space 21a is given to the air flowing through the air flow passage 22a, and the heated air heated in the air flow passage 22a is introduced into the gasifier 10, The combustible in the gasifier 10 is gasified by the heated air, and the gas generated in the gasifier 10 is introduced into the combustion space 21a and burned. Accordingly, since fresh air is used as the heated air for carbonizing the organic matter, the gas generated in the gasifier 10 includes air necessary for combustion, and is generated in the gasifier 10. Gas can be introduced into the combustion device 20 and burned. In the present embodiment, since the heated air heated in the air flow passage 22a is used as the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion air, the combustion device 20 introduces a high-temperature gas mixed with air. Continuous and stable combustion can be performed without lowering the combustion temperature.
Further, in the present embodiment, by realizing the air blowing function in the combustion device 20 with one blower 28a, it is possible to easily control the combustion conditions caused by the type of organic matter.
In this embodiment, the temperature in the gasifier 10 can be kept high by circulating the heated air in the circulation path 61.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the secondary combustion appliance in the organic combustion apparatus shown in FIG.
A secondary combustion air port 21f is formed at one end of the secondary combustion appliance 21h, a catalyst space 21g is formed inside the secondary combustion appliance 21h, and a catalyst is enclosed. The end surface of the air pipe 52c is joined to the trunk of the secondary combustion appliance 21h. As shown in FIG. 7, the end side surface of the air pipe 52c is joined to the lower portion of the body portion of the secondary combustion appliance 21h, and high-temperature heated air is generated from the slit 21i formed in the lower portion of the trunk portion of the secondary combustion device 21h. It is preferable to introduce into the catalyst space 21g. A catalyst is sealed in the catalyst space 21g so that a space is formed in the upper part. The temperature of the high-temperature heated air introduced from the slit 21i into the catalyst space 21g is further increased by the catalyst, passes between the catalysts, passes through the catalyst space 21g, and is ejected from the secondary combustion air port 21f.
According to the present embodiment, the contact resistance with the catalyst can be increased, the ventilation resistance by the catalyst can be reduced, and the temperature of the high-temperature heated air can be increased.

Hereinafter, an organic combustion apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an organic matter combustion apparatus according to the present embodiment, FIG. 9 is a top view of FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is a side view taken along line IV-IV of FIG.
As shown in the figure, an organic matter combustor according to this embodiment includes a gasifier 10 that generates gas by carbonizing an organic substance, and a combustor 20 that uses the gas generated by the gasifier 10 as fuel. And a drying device 40 that dries the organic matter put into the gasifier 10.
In the gasifier 10, a gasification space 11a is formed by a plurality of outer wall panels 11b. The outer wall panel 11b is a flat panel, and the outer wall panel 11b forms a box. A part of the outer wall panel 11b is an inclined panel 11c constituting an inclined surface. The inclined panel 11c is positioned below the input pipe 14, receives the organic matter falling from the input pipe 14, and guides it to the transport surface 11d. A discharge pipe 17 is formed at the lower end of the transport surface 11d. The outer wall panel 11b is covered with a refractory material 13 such as refractory cement or refractory brick. A gas discharge pipe 15 is connected to the upper part of the outer wall panel 11b. A filter 15 a and a catalyst 15 b are arranged on the upstream side of the gas discharge pipe 15. The filter 15a and the catalyst 15b prevent flame propagation and remove tar components. In addition, a heated air inlet 19a is provided below the inside of the outer wall panel 11b. The heated air inlet 19a is located below the transport surface 11d and supplies heated air to the organic matter falling on the transport surface 11d. A discharge pipe 17 for discharging the carbonized organic matter and the heating material 18 is provided at the lower portion of the outer wall panel 11b. Further, a gasification preheating burner 19b for sending hot air to the space below the transport surface 11d is provided.
The heating material 18 is put into the outer wall panel 11b together with the organic matter dried by the drying device 40. As already described in the above embodiment, the heating material 18 is made of metal, ceramics, molten sludge, and natural stone, and has a cylindrical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a spherical shape, and a crushed shape, and the spherical shape and the elliptical spherical shape are the most. preferable. By mixing the heating material 18 with the organic material, the organic material can be heated by the heat from the heating material 18 and solidification of the organic material during gasification can be prevented. Further, the mixture of the heating material 18 and the organic material has better fluidity than the case of only the organic material.
The drying device 40 and the discharge pipe 17 are connected by circulation paths 61a, 61b, and 61c. In the circulation paths 61a, 61b and 61c, transfer means 62a, 62b and 62c such as a chain conveyor and a screw conveyor are provided. The transfer means 62a, 62b, 62c are driven by a drive motor (not shown).

The combustion apparatus 20 includes a cylindrical first tube (inner tube) 21 that forms a combustion space 21 a and a cylindrical second tube (outer tube) that forms an air flow passage 22 a between the inner tube 21. 22. At one end side of the inner pipe 21, a combustion port 23 communicating with the start burner 23a, a fuel supply port 24 for discharging gas from the gasifier 10, and heated air heated by the air flow passage 22a are supplied to the combustion space 21a. And a primary combustion air port 21e introduced upstream. On the other end side of the inner tube 21, a truncated cone-shaped constricted portion 25 a having a reduced downstream flow path diameter is formed, and on the downstream side of the constricted portion 25 a and outside the outer tube 22, a heating body is formed. 25b is connected. Here, the heating body 25b forms a plurality of passages having a honeycomb cross section. Further, on the downstream side of the inner pipe 21, a secondary combustion instrument 21h is provided through which heated air heated by the air flow passage 22a is ejected. A secondary combustion air port 21f is formed at one end of the secondary combustion appliance 21h, a catalyst space 21g is formed inside the secondary combustion appliance 21h, and a catalyst is enclosed. The side surface of the end of the air pipe 52c is joined to the lower portion of the body portion of the secondary combustion appliance 21h, and high-temperature heated air is introduced into the catalyst space 21g from a slit 21i formed in the lower portion of the body portion of the secondary combustion appliance 21h. It is preferable. A catalyst is sealed in the catalyst space 21g so that a space is formed in the upper part. The temperature of the high-temperature heated air introduced from the slit 21i into the catalyst space 21g is further increased by the catalyst, passes between the catalysts, passes through the catalyst space 21g, and is ejected from the secondary combustion air port 21f. The end surface of the air pipe 52c is joined to the trunk of the secondary combustion appliance 21h. The outer periphery of the narrowed portion 25a and the outer periphery of the heating body 25b are covered with a refractory material 25c such as refractory cement or refractory brick. A heat exchanging portion 25d is provided at the outlet of the heating body 25b.
The outer tube 22 covers the inner periphery with a refractory material 26 such as refractory cement or refractory brick. The outer tube 22 has an air introduction port 28 on one end side and an air discharge port (not shown) on the other end side. The combustion device 20 includes a blower 28 a that sends air to the air inlet 28.

The drying device 40 includes a cylindrical outer cylinder 41 that forms a drying space 41 a and a stirring member 42 that is disposed inside the outer cylinder 41. The stirring member 42 includes a stirring blade 42a, a stirring shaft 42b that rotates the stirring blade 42a, and a drive motor 42c that drives the stirring shaft 42b. The stirring blade 42a is preferably composed of a comb-shaped plate, and a structure in which a large lump of organic matter is deblocked with this comb-shaped plate and only a small lump of organic matter is guided to the input tube 14 is preferred. A heating space 43 for heating the inside is formed on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 41. The heating space 43 is connected to a heated air outlet 43a for introducing heated air and a heated air outlet 43b for discharging the introduced heated air. Further, the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 41 has a stirring and conveying member 12. The agitating / conveying member 12 includes a feed blade 12a, a rotary shaft 12b that rotates the feed blade 12a, and a drive motor 12c that drives the rotary shaft 12b. The feed blade 12a is provided with a plurality of protrusions, and the organic substances can be agitated by the protrusions.
In addition, by supplying the heating material 18 to the drying device 40 together with the organic matter, drying of the organic matter can be promoted and the organic matter can be deagglomerated. The heating material 18 is discharged from the discharge pipe 17, but is returned to the drying device 40 again through the circulation paths 61 a, 61 b, 61 c.
The outlet of the hopper 45 into which the organic substance is charged is connected to the circulation path 61c. Note that the circulation path 61a is provided with an ash extraction part 63 on the upstream side of the connection position of the hopper 45. In the ash removal unit 63, a carbide having a certain size or less is dropped, and the uncarbonized organic mass is returned to the drying device 40 again by the circulation paths 61 b and 61 c.
The transfer means 62 a, 62 b, and 62 c convey the organic residue and the heating material 18 discharged from the discharge pipe 17, drop the organic residue to the ash extraction unit 63, and move the heating material 18.

The gas discharge pipe 15 of the gasifier 10 and the fuel supply port 24 of the combustion apparatus 20 are connected by a gas pipe 51. A blower is provided in the gas pipe 51. An air pipe (not shown) connected to the heated air supply port 19a of the gasifier 10 and an air pipe connected to the primary combustion air port 21e are connected to the air discharge port (not shown) of the combustion device 20. (Not shown) and an air pipe 52c connected to the secondary combustion air port 21f are connected. Each air pipe 52c is provided with a valve, and the ratio of heated air supplied to each air pipe 52c can be set.
The high-temperature heated air in the heat exchange unit 25d is introduced into the heated air inlet 19a by an air pipe (not shown). In addition, it replaces with the high temperature heating air in the heat exchange part 25d, or it is preferable to introduce the high temperature heating air in the combustion space 21a into the heating air inlet 19a with the high temperature heating air in the heat exchange part 25d. The outlet pipe 81 shown in FIG. 8 is a pipe that introduces the high-temperature heated air in the combustion space 21a into the heated air inlet 19a.
The gasification device 10 is provided with a temperature detection sensor 53a for detecting the temperature in the gasification space 11a, and the combustion device 20 is provided with a temperature detection sensor 53d for detecting the temperature in the heating body 25b.
In addition, detection signals from the temperature detection sensors 53a and 53d are input to a control unit (not shown). In a control part (not shown), operation control of the gasification preheating burner 19b, the start burner 23a, and the air blower 28a is performed based on these detection signals.

Next, the operation of the organic combustion apparatus according to this embodiment will be described.
First, before operating this apparatus, the organic matter is pulverized by an apparatus (not shown) and decomposed by primary fermentation. The primary fermentation may be naturally fermented with heat of fermentation, but it is preferably performed by adding fermented bacteria and heating to a predetermined temperature. The primary fermented organic matter is put into the hopper 45 and conveyed to the drying device 40 by the circulation path 61c. When organic substances are gasified and used as a fuel for combustion, the amount of gas generated is reduced by performing the primary fermentation process, but the amount of heat required for the drying process can be reduced by primary fermentation, and the total thermal efficiency is improved. Can be increased.
Organic materials that can be used with this equipment include wood, plastic materials, plants, food residues, sludge, waste oil, etc., especially composted by waste, plastics and other wastes that are subject to landfill and incineration. Suitable for food residues, thinned wood, and leaves that are difficult to produce.

First, the gasification preheating burner 19b and the start burner 23a are operated to heat the gasification space 11a of the gasification device 10 and the combustion space 21a of the combustion device 20.
The heating material 18 is put into the gasification space 11a or the drying space 41a in advance.
When it is detected by the temperature detection sensor 53a that the temperature of the gasification space 11a has risen to 400 ° C. to 500 ° C., the operation of the preheating burner 19b is stopped, and the gas by only introducing heated air from the heated air supply port 19a Shift to
The organic matter dried by the drying device 40 is input from the input pipe 14 into the gasification space 11a of the gasifier 10. The dried organic substance thrown into the gasification space 11a is gasified by the heated air from the heated air supply port 19a while being conveyed from the upper side to the lower side of the outer wall panel 11b. For example, oil is gasified at a temperature of 120 ° C to 200 ° C, wood is gasified at a temperature of 220 ° C to 330 ° C, and plastic material is gasified at a temperature of 230 ° C to 280 ° C. Therefore, if the internal temperature of the gasification space 11a is about 350 ° C., most organic substances are gasified, and carbides remain after gasification. The carbide is discharged from the discharge pipe 17 together with the heating material 18.
The gas generated in the gasification space 11 a is discharged from the gas discharge pipe 15 and supplied to the combustion space 21 a from the fuel supply port 24 of the combustion device 20 via the gas pipe 51.
In the combustion apparatus 20, the start burner 23a is heated to 600 ° C. to 700 ° C., and the gas generated in the gasification space 11a is introduced to stop the start burner 23a. The start burner 23a can be stopped by delaying a predetermined time from detection of a predetermined temperature in the gasification space 11a. Note that the apparatus of this embodiment is suitable when the amount of organic matter is small, and when the amount of organic matter is small, the start burner 23a is appropriately operated not only at the start.

In the combustion apparatus 20, the blower 28a is operated together with the operation of the start burner 23a or after a predetermined time delay from the operation of the start burner 23a.
The air sent from the air inlet 28 to the air flow passage 22a by the blower 28a is heated while passing through the air flow passage 22a. The heated air is discharged from an air discharge port (not shown) and supplied to each air pipe 52c.
The heated air supplied from the air pipe 52a is ejected from the heated air supply port 19a of the gasifier 10 into the gasification space 11a.
In the combustion space 21a, combustion is promoted by introduction of heated air supplied from the air pipe 52c, and further complete combustion by passing through the throttle portion 25a and the heating body 25b becomes hot air of 900 ° C to 1100 ° C. It is discharged to the outside.
In the stable operation state after the start-up operation, the control unit (not shown) controls the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 25b to be within a predetermined range by adjusting the air volume of the blower 28a.
When the temperature detected by the temperature detection sensor 25b falls below a predetermined range, the operation of the start burner 23a is started.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the radiant heat of the combustion space 21a is given to the air flowing through the air flow passage 22a, and the heated air heated in the air flow passage 22a is introduced into the gasifier 10, The combustible in the gasifier 10 is gasified by the heated air, and the gas generated in the gasifier 10 is introduced into the combustion space 21a and burned. Accordingly, since fresh air is used as the heated air for carbonizing the organic matter, the gas generated in the gasifier 10 includes air necessary for combustion, and is generated in the gasifier 10. Gas can be introduced into the combustion device 20 and burned. In the present embodiment, since the heated air heated in the air flow passage 22a is used as the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion air, the combustion device 20 introduces a high-temperature gas mixed with air. Continuous and stable combustion can be performed without lowering the combustion temperature.
Further, in the present embodiment, by realizing the air blowing function in the combustion device 20 with one blower 28a, it is possible to easily control the combustion conditions caused by the type of organic matter.
In this embodiment, the temperature in the gasifier 10 can be kept high by circulating the heated air in the circulation path 61.

  The organic matter combustion apparatus of the present invention can be used as a heat source for hot water boilers, dryers, and air conditioners.

The block diagram which shows the combustor of the organic substance by one Example of this invention II-II sectional view of FIG. Device layout according to the embodiment The block diagram which shows the principal part of the combustor of the organic substance by another Example The block diagram which shows the combustor of the organic substance by other Example. Sectional view along line III-III in Fig. 5 The figure which shows the other Example of the instrument for secondary combustion in the combustor of the organic substance shown in FIG. The block diagram which shows the combustor of the organic substance by other Example. Top view of FIG. IV-IV line side view of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Gasifier 20 Combustor 21a Combustion space 21 First cylinder 22 Second cylinder 22a, 22b Air flow passage

Claims (11)

An organic matter combustion apparatus having a gasifier that generates gas by carbonizing an organic substance, and a combustion apparatus that uses the gas generated by the gasifier as a fuel,
The combustion device comprises a first cylinder that forms a combustion space and a second cylinder that forms an air flow passage,
The radiant heat of the combustion space is given to the air flowing through the air flow passage,
The heated air heated by the second cylinder is introduced into the gasifier, the combustible in the gasifier is gasified by the heated air, and the gas generated in the gasifier is combusted. An organic matter combusting apparatus, which is introduced into a space and burned. The first cylinder is an inner pipe whose inside is a combustion space, the second cylinder is an outer pipe that covers the inner pipe,
2. The organic matter combusting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a part of the heated air that has passed through the air flow passage is used as combustion air introduced into the combustion space.   An air inlet is provided upstream of the air flow passage, an air discharge port is provided downstream of the air flow passage, and the air flow direction of the air flow passage and the combustion flow direction of the inner pipe are the same direction. The combustor of the organic substance according to claim 2.   A primary combustion air introduction pipe for introducing the combustion air to the upstream side of the combustion space; a secondary combustion air introduction pipe for introducing the combustion air to the downstream side of the combustion space; and the primary combustion air. An additional fuel pipe for supplying fuel to the inlet pipe, a valve for adjusting the amount of the fuel supplied from the additional combustion pipe to the primary combustion air inlet pipe, and a position downstream of the secondary combustion in the combustion space. A temperature sensor that detects a temperature; and a control unit that performs opening / closing control of the valve based on a signal from the temperature sensor. The control unit opens the valve when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor decreases. The organic combustion apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus is operated.   The apparatus for combusting organic matter according to claim 2, wherein a throttle portion is formed at a downstream end portion of the inner pipe.   The organic combustion apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a honeycomb-shaped heating body is formed at a downstream end portion of the inner pipe.   The organic combustor according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the combustor is controlled by the amount of the combustible material introduced into the gasifier.   The organic combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the combustion apparatus is controlled by the amount of air from the combustion air discharge port. A pulverizing step for pulverizing the organic matter, a drying step for drying the pulverized organic matter, and a vaporizing step for gasifying by heating after the drying step, and the gas generated in the vaporizing step is a combustion gas A method for fueling organic matter,
Before the said drying process, it has the fermentation process of carrying out the primary fermentation decomposition | disassembly of the said organic substance, The fuel conversion method of the organic substance characterized by the above-mentioned.   As the gasifier, an outer tube that forms a cylindrical gasification space is provided, and at the upper part of the outer tube, an input tube for introducing the organic material and a discharge tube for deriving a gas generated by heating the organic material The organic combustor according to claim 1, wherein a discharge pipe for discharging carbide generated by heating the organic substance is provided at a lower portion of the outer tube.   The input pipe and the discharge pipe are connected by a circulation path, the organic matter is supplied from the introduction pipe through the circulation path, and the heated air in the circulation path is circulated. 10. The apparatus for combusting organic matter according to 10.