JP2008283893A - Coccidial infection inhibitor for poultry and coccidial infection control method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry that can be administered to poultry (as early as possible after hatching of chicks before reaching sexual maturity and becoming adult), and poultry using the same A method of suppressing coccidial infection is provided.
A poultry coccidium infection inhibitor characterized by containing a gluconic acid as an active ingredient, and the coccidium infection control enhanced feed composition for poultry, wherein the coccidium inhibitor for poultry is added. A method for suppressing coccidium infection in poultry, and a method for inhibiting coccidium infection in poultry, comprising the step of administering to the poultry an effective amount of the above-mentioned coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry or the above-mentioned feed composition for suppressing coccidiosis infection for poultry. Use of gluconic acids for the production of a composition for inhibiting
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Description

  The present invention relates to a coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry, a coccidium infection suppression method for poultry, and the like.

  Coccidiosis, known as one of the protozoan parasitic diseases, is an infection caused by the protozoa of the genus Coccidia, which infects poultry such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, quails, and ducks, and suppresses gastrointestinal bleeding and growth. Shows various symptoms such as drowning. In recent years, poultry have often been bred intensively and on a large scale, and when coccidiosis spreads, it causes great economic losses for the breeders.

  Therefore, sulfa drugs, nitrofuran drugs, quinoline drugs, antithiamine drugs, benzoamides, naphthoquinone derivatives (for example, Patent Document 1), polyether antibiotics, etc. have been developed and used as anti-coccidial agents. It is expensive and has a very narrow safety range, so there are many problems when it is mixed with feed and used in large quantities. In addition, there is a problem that drug resistance strains appear due to long-term use of the drug, and the drug efficacy decreases.

In addition, vaccines against protozoa such as coccidium have been studied as a suppression method, but have not yet been completed. In addition, vaccines are relatively expensive and have a tendency to reduce the growth rate of poultry as a side effect. .
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-5510 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-46963

  The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide poultry (as soon as possible after hatching of chicks before reaching sexual maturity and becoming adults). It is to provide a coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry that can be administered and exert excellent effects, and a method for suppressing coccidium infection of poultry using the same.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have found that the use of gluconic acids is effective in suppressing coccidium infection in poultry, leading to the present invention. That is, the coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “infection inhibitor”) contains gluconic acid as an active ingredient. In the present specification, “poultry” means all birds raised as livestock, and includes chickens, quail, ducks, Aigamo, turkeys, guinea fowls, ostriches and the like.

  Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a coccidium infection suppression enhanced feed composition for poultry (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “feed composition”), characterized in that the above-described infection inhibitor is added. The

  Furthermore, according to this invention, it has the process of administering the effective amount of the said infection inhibitor or the said feed composition to the said poultry, The coccidium infection suppression method of a poultry characterized by the above-mentioned is provided.

  And also according to the present invention, there is provided the use of gluconic acids for the manufacture of a composition for inhibiting coccidium infection in poultry.

  According to the present invention, infection with coccidium in poultry can be effectively suppressed by administering an infection inhibitor containing gluconic acids as an active ingredient to poultry.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The infection inhibitor according to the present invention is characterized by containing gluconic acid as an active ingredient.

  The “gluconic acid” used in the present invention means gluconic acid or a salt or derivative of gluconic acid having a pharmaceutically equivalent effect. Specific examples of the salt or derivative of gluconic acid include sodium gluconate, calcium gluconate, an intramolecular ester of gluconic acid (that is, a lactone compound), and the like. Examples of the intramolecular ester include glucono delta lactone and glucono gamma lactone. Among these gluconic acids, sodium gluconate is more preferable. The “pharmacologically equivalent effect” means a coccidium infection inhibitory effect equivalent to that of sodium gluconate in use as a coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry against a coccidium infection-suppressed enhanced feed for poultry.

  When using the infection control agent of the present invention, gluconic acids may be used as they are without adding any other components, but usually an excipient such as a solid carrier or a liquid carrier is further added to the gluconic acids. In addition, tablets, powders, granules, capsules, aqueous solvents, liquids, wettable powders according to conventional methods (eg, “Pharmaceuticals” edited by Akinobu Otsuka et al., 1995, published by Nankodo, etc.) In addition, it should be used after being formulated into a suspension or the like. Examples of excipients that are solid carriers include lactose, sucrose, glucose, corn starch, gelatin, casein, starch, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives, and alginic acid. Examples of excipients that are liquid carriers include water, glycerin, vegetable oils, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, sorbitol, and the like.

  The infection inhibitor of the present invention includes, for example, organic minerals such as peptide zinc and peptide iron, inorganic minerals such as zinc carbonate, manganese carbonate, iron sulfate, and magnesium carbonate, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, and vitamin D. Vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and other vitamins, alfalfa meal, pressure pen corn and the like may be further contained. Moreover, in order to improve palatability, you may pay | pay flavor etc. simultaneously. Furthermore, if necessary, usual additives such as antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, anthelmintic agents, antioxidants, pigments, flavoring agents, flavoring agents and enzymes may be mixed. It is preferable to formulate and use in the form of an agent, a liquid, a tablet and the like. In these preparations, gluconic acids as active ingredients are usually contained in an amount of about 0.01 to 95% by weight.

  The infection inhibitor of the present invention thus formulated is used as it is or diluted with water or the like. Furthermore, other antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, anthelmintic agents, antioxidants, pigments, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, ordinary additives such as enzymes, etc. may be mixed or used simultaneously or non-simultaneously. .

  There is no special restriction | limiting about the administration to the poultry of the infection inhibitor of this invention, It can be based on conventionally well-known methods, such as spreading and mixing to the below-mentioned feed. In short, the dose is an effective amount for the effect of suppressing the infection of poultry in coccidium, that is, in the case where other conditions are made equal, when the infection inhibitor of the present invention is administered, compared with the case of not administering, This is the amount by which the suppression effect is enhanced.

  The method of mixing, gelling and freely ingesting the active ingredient of the infection-suppressing agent of the present invention to be administered to poultry can be carried out at either a hatchery or a chick farm. It can also be carried out during the poultry transport from the hatchery to the chick farm.

  In addition, a preparation for gelation in which a predetermined amount of water-soluble polysaccharide powder is blended with the active ingredient of the infection inhibitor of the present invention is prepared and diluted with water when used in hatcheries and farms. It is also possible to carry out a method (ie, free ingestion, direct administration in the sac) that is a solid substance and is administered to the target poultry.

  The formulated infection control agent is usually used alone, but it may be diluted with water and used as a preparation diluent (ie, drinking water dilution administration). The active ingredient concentration in the preparation diluent is usually preferably in the range of about 10 to 500,000 ppm. More preferably, it is in the range of about 35 to 35,000 ppm. Examples of the method for administering the preparation diluent include a method in which about 0.01 to 500 g of an infection inhibitor is usually dissolved in 1 liter of water and processed to give a dose. Preferably, a method of dissolving and administering about 0.035 to 35 g per 1 liter of water can be mentioned.

  In order to administer the preparation dilution thus prepared to poultry, the preparation dilution may be administered using a drinking water addition apparatus or the like. The dosage of the preparation diluent may be appropriately determined according to the size, growth status, breeding density, administration method, etc. of the target poultry, but is usually about 300 to 2000 liters per 10,000 birds. preferable.

  The timing and duration of administration of the infection suppressant of the present invention are continued throughout the chick raising period in the egg-collecting species and the meat-seeding species, and are preferably administered during the infancy period (0-5 weeks old poultry after hatching). More preferably, the administration is continued for 0 to 21 days after hatching.

  The dose of the infection inhibitor may be appropriately determined depending on the type and size of poultry, but generally the total dose is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 2 g. More preferably, it is the range of 0.005-1g, and the range of 0.1-1g is still more preferable.

  Next, the feed composition according to the present invention will be described. The feed composition of the present invention is characterized in that the aforementioned infection inhibitor is added. Usually, the infection inhibitor is added to animal feed, drinking water, physiological electrolyte solution or the like to obtain a feed composition. The addition amount of the infection inhibitor is preferably in the range of about 0.005 to 1.0% by weight with respect to the total amount of the feed composition.

  The animal feed, drinking water or physiological electrolyte solution used in the feed composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used. Examples of these are corn, rice, wheat, milo, soybean meal, bran, defatted rice bran, fish meal, skim milk powder, dried whey, fats and oils, alfalfa meal, North Sea meal, soybean oil and fat, powdered beef fat, wheat flour, rapeseed oil and fat, meat Bone meal (feather meal), animal fats, calcium phosphate, corn gluten meal, molasses, corn germ meal, calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, choline chloride, vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6) , Vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, folic acid, etc., amino acids (lysine, methionine, etc.), trace inorganic salts (magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide) , Cobalt sulfate, etc.) Feed, etc. prepared Te and the like.

  The feed composition of the present invention includes, for example, organic minerals such as peptide zinc and peptide iron, inorganic minerals such as zinc carbonate, manganese carbonate, iron sulfate and magnesium carbonate, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin D. Vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and other vitamins, alfalfa meal, pressure pen corn and the like may further be contained. Moreover, in order to improve palatability, you may pay flavor etc. simultaneously.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the administration method to the poultry of the feed composition of this invention, It can be based on the feeding method using appropriate methods, such as spreading and mixing to the feed as mentioned later. In addition, the dose of the feed composition is basically an amount effective for the effect of suppressing the infection of poultry coccidiosis, that is, when other conditions are made equal, when the feed composition of the present invention is administered, it is not administered. This is the amount by which the effect of suppressing coccidial infection in poultry is enhanced.

  The timing and duration of administration of the feed composition of the present invention are continued for the entire period of breeding in the egg-collecting and meat-seeding species, and are preferably administered during the infancy period (0-5 weeks old poultry after hatching). More preferably, the administration is continued for 0 to 21 days after hatching.

  When the feed composition of the present invention is used by blending it with animal feed, sodium gluconate is used in an amount of about 0.0005 to 5% by weight, preferably about 0.05 to 2% by weight, more preferably about 0.00. It can be used at a ratio of 1 to 1% by weight. When used by adding to drinking water or physiological electrolyte solution, sodium gluconate is used in an amount of about 0.035 to 3.5% by weight, preferably about 0.035 to 1.4% by weight, more preferably about 0. 0.07 to 0.7% by weight can be used.

  Next, the infection control method according to the present invention will be described. The infection suppression method of the present invention includes a step of administering an effective amount of the infection suppression agent of the present invention or the feed composition of the present invention to poultry. In the method, the feed composition can be given to the animal by a usual method. The above-mentioned effective amount varies depending on the type of preparation, the target animal, the period of ingestion, etc., and can be appropriately selected by increasing / decreasing regardless of the above range.

Specifically, for example, the infection inhibitor of the present invention is diluted with water so as to have a concentration suitable for administration to poultry, and the resulting diluted solution is administered to poultry. In addition, what is necessary is just to apply a dilution rate according to the conventional drinking water dilution administration method, for example, about 5-10 times dilution liquid is used preferably. Also, for example, the infection inhibitor of the present invention is diluted with water so as to have a predetermined concentration, and a water-soluble polysaccharide is added and mixed with stirring to form a uniform solution, which is allowed to stand at room temperature or cool (for example A gel-like solid is obtained by storing in a refrigerator or the like. Alternatively, when using a gelling agent that dissolves at a high temperature and solidifies at a low temperature (eg, agar, gelatin, etc.), the gelling agent is added to the medium for preparing the infection inhibitor of the present invention in advance. After high-pressure steam sterilization, cooling and inoculating the inoculum immediately before gelation and culturing at 37 ° C., then leaving it at room temperature or storing it in a cold place (for example, a refrigerator) to obtain a gel-like solid . The gel-like solid thus obtained may be administered to poultry. The gel strength in the case of gelation is generally 200 to 2000 g / cm ² , and when agar is used, it varies depending on the type of agar, but it corresponds to a concentration of approximately 0.5 to 3.0%. To do.

  Examples of the polysaccharide used for gelling the infection inhibitor of the present invention in an aqueous medium include, for example, agar, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, mannan, gelatin, sodium alginate, arabic gum, roast bean gum, Xanthan gum, chitosan, guar gum, pectin, alginate propyl glycol ester, arabinogalactan, gati gum, tamarind seed gum, pullulan, morpholine fatty acid salt, curdlan, tragacanth gum and the like. Among these polysaccharides, agar, starch, mannan, and gelatin are particularly preferably used because they are inexpensive and easily available.

  For example, when the gel-like solid is administered to poultry having a water intake and feed intake of approximately 0 to 7 days, a genetic program for poultry that tries to ingest the solid on the floor with a straw ( The required amount of the infection-suppressing agent of the present invention can be saved labor-saving in a short time by the habit. At this time, if necessary, live bacteria, vaccines, drugs, nutrients, etc., which were difficult to administer to young poultry as described above, are mixed with the infection inhibitor of the present invention to produce a water-soluble polysaccharide. When gelled, it can be efficiently administered to poultry simultaneously with the infection inhibitor of the present invention. In addition, the supply of water and nutrients at the time of chicks is extremely important for the subsequent productivity. When nutrition is administered, monosaccharides such as glucose, mannose, and fructose and their oligo- and sucrose In addition to carbohydrates such as saccharides of disaccharides, proteins such as skim milk, lipids, vitamins, minerals and the like can be mentioned.

  The present invention, of course, includes the use of gluconic acids (ie the use of the present invention) for the manufacture of a composition for controlling poultry coccidium infection.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to formulation examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Formulation example 1) Powder After mixing 25 parts of sodium gluconate and 25 parts of lactose well with a mortar, the mixture is sufficiently stirred and mixed to obtain a powder.

(Formulation example 2) Granules 25 parts of sodium gluconate and 25 parts of lactose are added and well mixed with stirring. Next, after adding an appropriate amount of water to these mixtures and further stirring, the mixture is granulated with a granulator and dried by ventilation to obtain granules.

(Formulation example 3) Liquid agent After dissolving 25 parts of sodium gluconate in 50 parts of water, the liquid mixture is obtained by thoroughly stirring and mixing the mixture.

  Next, it will be shown by test examples that the infection inhibitor and the feed composition of the present invention exhibit excellent coccidial infection suppression effects.

Test example (infection test for Eimeria tenella infection in a barrier laboratory)
Purchase 120 commercially available chicks (broiler species, males), and purchase chicks (1 day old) in the test category, number of wings tested, and sodium gluconate in the feed. Sodium gluconate was administered by ingesting the test feed (see Table 1) in an added amount (see Table 2).

After the chicks reached the age of 14 days, 1 × 10 ⁵ Eimeria tenella per chick was forcibly orally administered to the chicks. Thereafter, after the chicks reached the age of 21st, the chicks were slaughtered. Cecal sections were removed from dead chicks and cecal lesions were scored. In addition, cecal feces were collected from the excised cecal slices, and the number of coccidium oocysts in the cecal feces was counted under a microscope. The criteria for determining the cecal lesion score and the method for measuring the number of oocysts are as follows. The results of the lesion score and the number of coccidium oocysts are shown together in Table 2.

(Cajunal lesion score)
The cecal lesion value of slaughtered chicks was determined by a standard method ("Chicken test method for chickens" by Kakuta Kiyoshi and Ishii Toshio). Judgment criteria are as follows. In the determination, when one side of the cecum was more severe than the other side, the heavier deformation was recorded. The most important point was the degree of caecal atrophy.
“0”: (−) The cecum is completely normal. “1”: (+) The shape of the cecum is normal. The contents are slightly fluid and yellowish. The cecal mucosa is partially mildly swollen and whitish.
“2”: (++) The shape of the cecum is almost normal. Mucosal swelling is seen throughout. There is no bleeding in the contents, and the mucus is yellowish and faded. A small number of white punctate necrotic lesions and bleeding spots are found in the mucosa.
“3”: (+++) Atrophy and deformation of the cecum are clear. There is no normal content and it is often full of blood clots or off-white cheese-like denatures. The thickening of the cecum wall becomes noticeable and brittle, and punctate hemorrhages may still remain. The lesion reaches the base of the cecum but not the rectum.
“4”: (++++) Atrophy and deformation of cecum are remarkable. It generally has a sausage shape, and its length is slightly longer than or equal to or shorter than the rectum. The lesion may reach 1/3 to 1/4 of the rectum, but if the lesion does not reach the rectum, “4” is given if atrophy is significant. Others are the same as “3”.

(Measurement procedure for the number of oocysts)
After measuring the stool weight, OPG (the number of oocysts in 1 g of stool) was counted using a plankton calculator to calculate the number of oocysts. The specific procedure is as follows.
i) After thoroughly stirring the stool, collect 2 g in a beaker. Then add 38 mL of 0.5% Tween20 solution to make 20-fold diluted feces.
ii) Stir for about 30 minutes using a stirrer.
iii) Using a micropipette, drop 0.1 mL of feces just after stirring well onto a plankton calculation board, and remove large dust and sand particles with pointed tweezers or a needle with a handle.
iv) Place one end of the long side of the cover glass (24mm x 36mm) on the feces, adjust the angle of the cover glass to spread the feces over the entire side, and distribute the oocysts under the cover glass as evenly as possible .
v) Tilt the cover glass gently, and microscopically (100 times) count the number of oocysts.
vi) When the number of oocysts is up to about 100 per row, count 10 rows every 7 rows and calculate OPG by the following formula to count even under the cover glass.
OPG = (N ÷ 10) × D × (36 ÷ 0.5) × (1 ÷ 0.1)
(Where N: total number of oocysts in 10 rows, D: 20 (final dilution factor))
vii) If the density of oocysts is low (the number of oocysts is 1 or less per line), count the oocysts in the entire field of view under the cover glass and calculate OPG using the following formula.
OPG = N × 20 × (1 ÷ 0.1)
= N × 200
(Where N is the total number of oocysts in all fields of view)

* 1: Vitamin premix is a mixture of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin 3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, vitamin B12

・ Lesion score and number of oocysts: mean ± SD
・ Excludes data on death cases

  As can be seen from Table 2, the caecal lesion score was smaller in the sodium gluconate 0.1% addition group and the sodium gluconate 0.5% addition group than in the control group. In addition, the number of coccidium oocysts in each sodium gluconate addition group was smaller than that in the control group, and a significant difference (P <0.05) was recognized even in statistical judgment using Dunnett's test. From the above, it was confirmed that sodium gluconate is useful as a coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry that can be administered to poultry (as early as possible after hatching of chicks before reaching sexual maturity and becoming adults) and a coccidial infection inhibitor for poultry, and the same are used. It becomes possible to provide a method for suppressing coccidium infection in poultry.

Claims (5)

  A coccidium infection inhibitor for poultry, characterized by containing gluconic acid as an active ingredient.   The coccidium infection suppression reinforcement feed composition for poultry characterized by adding the coccidium infection suppression agent for poultry of Claim 1.   A method for suppressing poultry coccidiosis infection, comprising the step of administering to the poultry an effective amount of the coccididium infection suppressant for poultry according to claim 1 or the feed composition for inhibiting poultry coccidiosis infection according to claim 2.   The method for suppressing coccidium infection in poultry according to claim 3, wherein the poultry are chicks 0 to 5 weeks old after hatching.   Use of gluconic acids for the manufacture of a composition for controlling coccidium infection in poultry.