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JP2008278700A - Distributed power generator and power quality maintenance control method - Google Patents

Distributed power generator and power quality maintenance control method Download PDF

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JP2008278700A
JP2008278700A JP2007121754A JP2007121754A JP2008278700A JP 2008278700 A JP2008278700 A JP 2008278700A JP 2007121754 A JP2007121754 A JP 2007121754A JP 2007121754 A JP2007121754 A JP 2007121754A JP 2008278700 A JP2008278700 A JP 2008278700A
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power
source
distributed
voltage
current source
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Inventor
Kojiro Nishioka
宏二郎 西岡
Jiro Tsunoda
二郎 角田
Toyonari Shimakage
豊成 島陰
Yasuhiro Noro
康宏 野呂
Haruo Matsumuro
春夫 松室
Yozo Ito
洋三 伊東
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Toshiba Corp
NTT Facilities Inc
Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions Corp
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Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Fuel Cell Power Systems Corp
NTT Facilities Inc
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Abstract

【課題】 電圧源の運転状態の変化に伴う電力品質の低下を抑制すること。
【解決手段】 制御装置4で分散型電源(電圧源)3の運転状態(例:有効電力、無効電力)の目標値を設定する。制御装置4で分散型電源(電圧源)3の運転状態(例:有効電力、無効電力)を計測する。分散型電源(電圧源)3の運転状態の実測値と、制御装置4で設定した目標値とを比較し、差分を計算し、電流源1の運転状態(例:有効電力、無効電力)を変化させる。電流源1の運転状態を変化させることで、電圧源の運転状態を目標値と一致させる。
【選択図】 図1
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress a decrease in power quality accompanying a change in operating state of a voltage source.
A control device 4 sets a target value for an operating state (eg, active power, reactive power) of a distributed power source (voltage source) 3. The control device 4 measures the operating state (eg, active power, reactive power) of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3. The measured value of the operating state of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is compared with the target value set by the control device 4, the difference is calculated, and the operating state of the current source 1 (eg, active power, reactive power) is calculated. Change. By changing the operating state of the current source 1, the operating state of the voltage source is matched with the target value.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、分散型発電装置及び電力品質維持制御方法に係り、特に、分散型電源自立運転時の電力品質を維持するための分散型発電装置及び電力品質維持制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a distributed power generation apparatus and a power quality maintenance control method, and more particularly to a distributed power generation apparatus and a power quality maintenance control method for maintaining power quality during a distributed power supply self-sustained operation.

一般に、分散型電源は、通常、電力会社の系統に連系することを前提に電流源(理想的には負荷の大きさに関係なく出力電流が一定)として運転する。しかし、電圧源(理想的には負荷の大きさに関係なく出力電圧が一定)として運転が可能な分散型電源は電力会社の系統が停電となった場合も、分散型電源のみで自立運転で負荷へ電力を供給することができる。さらに、電圧源で確立した自立系統に電流源として他の発電機を連系し、負荷へ給電することも可能である(非特許文献1参照)。
また、特許文献1には直流電圧源を電力変換器を制御して基準電圧及び基準位相の交流に変換して交流系統に供給する電力変換装置が記載されている。
「新エネルギー発電装置を用いたマイクログリッドの自立運転の検討」電気学会B部門大会(06.09)NTT−F角田、西岡他 (2006.09.13発行) 特開2005−229701号公報
In general, a distributed power source is usually operated as a current source (ideally an output current is constant regardless of the size of a load) on the assumption that it is connected to a power company system. However, a distributed power source that can be operated as a voltage source (ideally, the output voltage is constant regardless of the size of the load) can be operated independently with only the distributed power source even when the power company system fails. Electric power can be supplied to the load. Furthermore, it is also possible to connect another generator as a current source to a self-sustained system established by a voltage source and supply power to a load (see Non-Patent Document 1).
Patent Document 1 describes a power conversion device that converts a DC voltage source into an AC having a reference voltage and a reference phase by controlling a power converter and supplies the AC to an AC system.
"Examination of self-sustained operation of microgrid using new energy generator" Electrical Engineering Society B Division Conference (06.09) NTT-F Kakuda, Nishioka et al. (Issued 2006.09.13) JP 2005-229701 A

電流源として連系する電源は出力指令に従って一定(有効電力、無効電力、力率)運転するのが通常の運用である。また、自然変動電源(例えば、風力発電、太陽光発電など)は運転状態を制御することが困難である。したがって、商用系統から切り離された自立系統では、需要電力や自然変動電源の変動に対しては電圧源のみで対応するのが従来の技術である。よって、需要電力や自然変動電源の変動に伴い、電圧源となる発電機の運転状態(有効電力、無効電力、力率)が変化する。
しかし、自立運転時の電力品質(電圧、周波数)は電圧源の運転状態に依存するため、電圧源の運転状態が変動することにより、電力線に供給される電力の品質に影響が生じる。例えば、一般に、電圧源の有効電力が増加(減少)すると周波数が低下(上昇)し、無効電力が増加(減少)すると、電圧が低下(上昇)する。
したがって、変動の大きな負荷や自然変動電源を連系させると電力品質が低下する。電圧、周波数の変動の大きさによって分散型電源や負荷設備の運転継続が困難となる場合があるため、電圧源の容量と比較して、変動の大きい負荷の連系が困難になる場合がある。また、大容量の自然変動電源を連系することも困難となる場合がある。
従来の電力品質変動に対しては以下のような対策方法がある。
・力率改善用コンデンサの投入
・変圧器のタップ切り替え
・SVC(無効電力補償装置)などの電圧制御機器の適用
しかし、最初の二つの方法では応答速度が遅いために瞬時の変動に追従できない場合があり、3番目の方法では装置導入のコストや設置スペースの確保の課題がある。
The normal operation is to operate the power supply connected as a current source at a constant (active power, reactive power, power factor) according to the output command. In addition, it is difficult to control the operating state of a naturally variable power source (for example, wind power generation, solar power generation, etc.). Therefore, in a self-supporting system separated from a commercial system, it is a conventional technique to cope with fluctuations in demand power and a naturally varying power source using only a voltage source. Therefore, the operating state (active power, reactive power, power factor) of the generator serving as the voltage source changes in accordance with fluctuations in demand power or a naturally varying power source.
However, since the power quality (voltage, frequency) during the independent operation depends on the operating state of the voltage source, the quality of the power supplied to the power line is affected when the operating state of the voltage source varies. For example, generally, when the active power of the voltage source increases (decreases), the frequency decreases (increases), and when the reactive power increases (decreases), the voltage decreases (increases).
Therefore, when a load with large fluctuations or a natural fluctuation power source is connected, power quality is lowered. Depending on the magnitude of voltage and frequency fluctuations, it may be difficult to continue the operation of distributed power supplies and load equipment, so it may be difficult to link loads with large fluctuations compared to the capacity of the voltage source. . In addition, it may be difficult to interconnect a large-capacity natural power supply.
There are the following countermeasures against conventional power quality fluctuations.
・ Capacitor for power factor correction ・ Tap switching of transformer ・ Application of voltage control equipment such as SVC (Reactive power compensator) However, when the first two methods cannot respond to instantaneous fluctuations due to slow response speed In the third method, there is a problem of securing the installation cost and the installation cost.

本発明は、以上の点に鑑み、次のような目的を達成することができる。
・電圧源の自立運転の運転状態の変化に伴う電力品質の低下を抑制すること。
・系統連系運転のみを前提とした自然変動電源の利活用を可能とすること。
・蓄電池設備を利用した場合は充放電電力の調整が高速に行うことを可能ですること、また、充電方向にも変動抑制が可能であることから、PV(Photovoltaic Power Generation System、太陽光発電)やWT(Wind Turbine、風力発電)等の自然変動電源を自立運転の系統に連系させる場合に、一層有効に充放電電力の調整を可能とすること。
・発電機には出力応答性や発電効率の観点から、最適な運転領域があり、電圧源をその領域で運転させること。
・電圧源の変動予備力を確保すること。
In view of the above points, the present invention can achieve the following objects.
-Suppress the deterioration of power quality that accompanies changes in the operating state of voltage source self-sustained operation.
-To enable the utilization of natural power sources that are premised on grid-connected operation only.
-When using storage battery equipment, it is possible to adjust the charge / discharge power at high speed, and fluctuations can also be suppressed in the charging direction, so PV (Photovoltaic Power Generation System, photovoltaic power generation) When a natural power source such as WT (Wind Turbine, wind power generation) or the like is linked to a self-sustaining operation system, charge / discharge power can be adjusted more effectively.
• The generator has an optimal operating range from the viewpoint of output response and power generation efficiency, and the voltage source should be operated in that range.
・ Ensure voltage reserve reserve.

本発明では、特に、商用系統(電力会社系統)から切り離されて、電圧源、電流源を備えた発電機群から負荷設備に電力を供給する自立系統において、電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置により以下のような制御を実行する。
・制御装置で電圧源の運転状態(有効電力、無効電力)の目標値を設定する。
・制御装置で電圧源の運転状態(有効電力、無効電力)を計測する。
・電圧源の運転状態の実測値と、制御装置で設定した目標値とを比較し、差分を計算する。
・実測値と目標値を一致させる為に、電流源の運転状態(有効電力、無効電力)を変化させる。
・電流源の運転状態を変化させることで、電圧源の運転状態を目標値と一致させる。
・電流源は、有効電力のみを制御する電流源、無効電力のみを制御する電流源、というように複数台で役割を分担してもよい。
In the present invention, in particular, in an independent system that supplies power to a load facility from a generator group having a voltage source and a current source, which is disconnected from a commercial system (electric power company system), the operation state of the current source is controlled. The following control is executed by the control device.
• Set the target value for the operating status (active power, reactive power) of the voltage source in the control unit.
・ Measure the operating status (active power, reactive power) of the voltage source with the control device.
-The actual value of the operating state of the voltage source is compared with the target value set by the control device, and the difference is calculated.
・ Change the operating state (active power, reactive power) of the current source in order to match the measured value with the target value.
・ By changing the operating state of the current source, the operating state of the voltage source matches the target value.
The current source may share a role by a plurality of units such as a current source that controls only active power and a current source that controls only reactive power.

本発明の第1の解決手段によると、
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、電力線を介して需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置において、
自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、
前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、
前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部と
を備え、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力目標値P’及び無効電力目標値Q’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P及び実測無効電力Qを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1及び実測無効電力Q1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’、実測無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分 ΔP=P’−P 及び ΔQ=Q’−Q を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP 及び Q1−ΔQ を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力を P1−ΔP、無効電力出力を Q1−ΔQ に制御する
ことにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’に、無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に制御するようにした前記分散型発電装置が提供される。
According to the first solution of the present invention,
In a distributed generator that can switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, and that supplies power to the demand facility via the power line,
A distributed power source that is voltage controlled as a voltage source during independent operation, is current controlled as a current source during grid operation, and supplies power to the power line;
A first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output by the distributed power source, is capable of controlling an operation state, and supplies power to the power line;
A controller for controlling an operating state of the distributed power source and the first current source;
A switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of independent operation and grid interconnection operation,
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets an active power target value P ′ and a reactive power target value Q ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P and the measured reactive power Q of the distributed power source, measures the measured effective power P1 and the measured reactive power Q1 of the first current source, and periodically captures measurement information. ,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′, the measured reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, respectively, and the differences ΔP = P′−P and ΔQ = Q′−. Q is calculated,
P1-ΔP and Q1-ΔQ are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
The first current source controls the active power output of the distributed power source to the active power target by controlling the active power output to P1-ΔP and the reactive power output to Q1-ΔQ according to the command value received from the control device. The distributed power generator is provided in which the reactive power is controlled to the reactive power target value Q ′ at the value P ′.

本発明の第2の解決手段によると、
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置において、
自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、
前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、
前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部と
を備え、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の周波数目標値f’及び電圧目標値V’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測周波数f及び実測電圧Vを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1及び実測無効電力Q1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測周波数fと周波数目標値f’、実測電圧Vと電圧目標値V’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分Δf=f’−f 及び ΔV=V’−Vを計算し、
差分Δf及びΔVに基づき、前記分散型電源の有効電力の変動量ΔP、無効電力の変動量ΔQを求め、前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に有効電力指令値P1+ΔP、無効電力指令値Q1+ΔQを送り、前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力をΔP、無効電力出力をΔQ分変化させることにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を−ΔP、無効電力を−ΔQ分変化させることで、前記分散型電源の周波数をf+Δf、電圧をV+ΔVに変化させ、前記分散型電源の周波数を周波数目標値f’に、電圧を電圧目標値V’に制御するようにした前記分散型発電装置が提供される。
According to the second solution of the present invention,
In a distributed generator that can switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, and that supplies power to the demand facility,
A distributed power source that is voltage controlled as a voltage source during independent operation, is current controlled as a current source during grid operation, and supplies power to the power line;
A first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output by the distributed power source, is capable of controlling an operation state, and supplies power to the power line;
A controller for controlling an operating state of the distributed power source and the first current source;
A switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of independent operation and grid interconnection operation,
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets a frequency target value f ′ and a voltage target value V ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures an actual measurement frequency f and an actual measurement voltage V of the distributed power source, measures an actual measurement effective power P1 and an actual measurement reactive power Q1 of the first current source, and periodically captures measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the actually measured frequency f and the frequency target value f ′, the actually measured voltage V and the voltage target value V ′, and calculates the differences Δf = f′−f and ΔV = V′−V. ,
Based on the differences Δf and ΔV, the fluctuation amount ΔP and reactive power fluctuation amount ΔQ of the distributed power source are obtained, and the active power command value P1 + ΔP and reactive power command value Q1 + ΔQ are obtained from the control device to the first current source. The first current source changes the active power output by ΔP and the reactive power output by ΔQ according to the command value received from the control device, thereby reducing the active power of the distributed power source by −ΔP and the reactive power output. By changing the power by −ΔQ, the frequency of the distributed power source is changed to f + Δf, the voltage is changed to V + ΔV, the frequency of the distributed power source is controlled to the frequency target value f ′, and the voltage is controlled to the voltage target value V ′. The distributed power generator is provided.

本発明の第3の解決手段によると、
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置において、
自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、
前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、
前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部と
を備え、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の電圧制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力目標値Q’及び力率目標値cosθ’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P若しくは無効電力Q及び実測力率cosθを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1若しくは無効電力Q1及び実測力率cosθ1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’を周期的に比較し、実測力率cosθと力率目標値cosθ’を周期的に比較して、差分ΔP=P’−P若しくはΔQ=Q’−Q 及び cosθ、cosθ’、P1、cosθ1に基づき、力率指令値cosθ1(指令)を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQ 及び cosθ1(指令)を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力若しくは無効電力出力を、P1−ΔP若しくはP1−ΔPに制御し、力率をcosθ1(指令)に制御することにより、
前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に、及び、力率を力率目標値cosθ’に制御するようにした前記分散型発電装置が提供される。
According to the third solution of the present invention,
In a distributed generator that can switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, and that supplies power to the demand facility,
A distributed power source that is voltage controlled as a voltage source during independent operation, is current controlled as a current source during grid operation, and supplies power to the power line;
A first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output by the distributed power source, is capable of controlling an operation state, and supplies power to the power line;
A controller for controlling an operating state of the distributed power source and the first current source;
A switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of independent operation and grid interconnection operation,
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and performs voltage control of output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets an active power target value P ′ or a reactive power target value Q ′ and a power factor target value cos θ ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P or reactive power Q and the measured power factor cos θ of the distributed power source, and measures the measured effective power P1 or reactive power Q1 and the measured power factor cos θ1 of the first current source. , Periodically capture measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, and periodically compares the measured power factor cosθ and the power factor target value cosθ ′. Then, based on the difference ΔP = P′−P or ΔQ = Q′−Q and cos θ, cos θ ′, P1, cos θ1, the power factor command value cos θ1 (command) is calculated,
P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ and cos θ1 (command) are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
According to the command value received from the control device, the first current source controls the active power or reactive power output to P1-ΔP or P1-ΔP, and controls the power factor to cos θ1 (command) .
Provided is the distributed power generator configured to control the active power of the distributed power source to the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power to the reactive power target value Q ′ and the power factor to the power factor target value cos θ ′. Is done.

本発明の第4の解決手段によると、
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部とを備え、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置における電力品質維持制御方法において、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力目標値P’及び無効電力目標値Q’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P及び実測無効電力Qを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1及び実測無効電力Q1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’、実測無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分 ΔP=P’−P 及び ΔQ=Q’−Q を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP 及び Q1−ΔQ を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力を P1−ΔP、無効電力出力を Q1−ΔQ に制御する
ことにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’に、無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に制御するようにした前記電力品質維持制御方法が提供される。
According to the fourth solution of the present invention,
It is possible to switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, voltage controlled operation as a voltage source during independent operation, current control operation as a current source during connected operation, and supplying power to the power line A distributed power source, a first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output from the distributed power source, can control an operation state, and supplies power to the power line, the distributed power source, A control device for controlling the operating state of the first current source, and a switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of self-sustained operation and grid-connected operation, and supplies power to the demand facility In the power quality maintenance control method in the distributed power generator
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets an active power target value P ′ and a reactive power target value Q ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P and the measured reactive power Q of the distributed power source, measures the measured effective power P1 and the measured reactive power Q1 of the first current source, and periodically captures measurement information. ,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′, the measured reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, respectively, and the differences ΔP = P′−P and ΔQ = Q′−. Q is calculated,
P1-ΔP and Q1-ΔQ are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
The first current source controls the active power output of the distributed power source to the active power target by controlling the active power output to P1-ΔP and the reactive power output to Q1-ΔQ according to the command value received from the control device. The power quality maintenance control method is provided in which the reactive power is controlled to the reactive power target value Q ′ as the value P ′.

本発明の第5の解決手段によると、
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部とを備え、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置における電力品質維持制御方法において、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の周波数目標値f’及び電圧目標値V’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測周波数f及び実測電圧Vを計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測周波数fと周波数目標値f’、実測電圧Vと電圧目標値V’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分Δf=f’−f 及び ΔV=V’−Vを計算し、ΔV、Δfに基づき、前記分散型電源の有効電力の変動量ΔP、無効電力の変動量ΔQを求め、前記第1の電流源の有効電力指令値P1+ΔP、無効電力指令値Q1+ΔQを求め、前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に前記指令値を送り、前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力をΔP、無効電力出力ΔQの分変化させることにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を−ΔP、無効電力を−ΔQ分変化させることにで、前記分散型電源の周波数をf+Δf、電圧をV+ΔVに変化させ、前記分散型電源の周波数を周波数目標値f’に、電圧を電圧目標値V’に制御するようにした前記電力品質維持制御方法が提供される。
According to the fifth solution of the present invention,
It is possible to switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, voltage controlled operation as a voltage source during independent operation, current control operation as a current source during connected operation, and supplying power to the power line A distributed power source, a first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output from the distributed power source, can control an operation state, and supplies power to the power line, the distributed power source, A control device for controlling the operating state of the first current source, and a switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of self-sustained operation and grid-connected operation, and supplies power to the demand facility In the power quality maintenance control method in the distributed power generator
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets a frequency target value f ′ and a voltage target value V ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the actual measurement frequency f and the actual measurement voltage V of the distributed power source, periodically captures the measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the actually measured frequency f and the frequency target value f ′, the actually measured voltage V and the voltage target value V ′, and calculates the differences Δf = f′−f and ΔV = V′−V. , ΔV, Δf, the active power fluctuation amount ΔP and the reactive power fluctuation amount ΔQ of the distributed power source are obtained, the active current command value P1 + ΔP, the reactive power command value Q1 + ΔQ of the first current source are obtained, The controller sends the command value to the first current source, and the first current source changes the active power output by ΔP and reactive power output ΔQ according to the command value received from the controller. By changing the active power of the distributed power source by −ΔP and the reactive power by −ΔQ, the frequency of the distributed power source is changed to f + Δf and the voltage is changed to V + ΔV, and the frequency of the distributed power source is set to a frequency target value. Control the voltage to the voltage target value V ′ at f ′ The power quality maintenance control method in so that there is provided.

本発明の第6の解決手段によると、
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部とを備え、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置における電力品質維持制御方法において、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力P’若しくは無効電力目標値Q’及び力率目標値cosθ’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P若しくは無効電力Q及び実測力率cosθを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1若しくは無効電力Q1及び実測力率cosθ1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’を周期的に比較し、実測力率cosθと力率目標値cosθ’を周期的に比較して、差分ΔP=P’−P若しくはΔQ=Q’−Q及び cosθ、cosθ’、P1、cosθ1に基づき、力率指令値cosθ1(指令)を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQ 及び cosθ1(指令)を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力若しくは無効電力出力を、P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQに制御し、力率をcosθ1(指令)に制御することにより、
前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に、及び、力率を力率目標値cosθ’に制御するようにした前記電力品質維持制御方法が提供される。
According to the sixth solution of the present invention,
It is possible to switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, voltage controlled operation as a voltage source during independent operation, current control operation as a current source during connected operation, and supplying power to the power line A distributed power source, a first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output from the distributed power source, can control an operation state, and supplies power to the power line, the distributed power source, A control device for controlling the operating state of the first current source, and a switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of self-sustained operation and grid-connected operation, and supplies power to the demand facility In the power quality maintenance control method in the distributed power generator
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets the active power P ′ or reactive power target value Q ′ and the power factor target value cos θ ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P or reactive power Q and the measured power factor cos θ of the distributed power source, and measures the measured effective power P1 or reactive power Q1 and the measured power factor cos θ1 of the first current source. , Periodically capture measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, and periodically compares the measured power factor cosθ and the power factor target value cosθ ′. Then, based on the difference ΔP = P′−P or ΔQ = Q′−Q and cos θ, cos θ ′, P1, cos θ1, the power factor command value cos θ1 (command) is calculated,
P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ and cos θ1 (command) are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
According to the command value received from the control device, the first current source controls the active power or reactive power output to P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ, and controls the power factor to cos θ1 (command) .
The power quality maintenance control method in which the active power of the distributed power source is controlled to the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power to the reactive power target value Q ′, and the power factor to the power factor target value cos θ ′. Provided.

本発明は、次のような特有の効果を奏する。
・電圧源の自立運転の運転状態の変化に伴う電力品質の低下を抑制できる。
・系統連系運転のみを前提とした自然変動電源の利活用が可能となる。
・蓄電池設備を利用した場合は充放電電力の調整を高速に行うことが可能であること、また、充電方向にも変動抑制が可能であることから、PV(太陽光発電)やWT(風力発電)等の自然変動電源を自立運転の系統に連系させる場合に、一層有効に充放電電力の調整が可能となる。
・発電機には出力応答性や発電効率の観点から、最適な運転領域があり、電圧源をその領域で運転させることができる。
・電圧源の変動予備力を確保できる。
The present invention has the following specific effects.
-It is possible to suppress a decrease in power quality that accompanies a change in the operating state of the voltage source self-sustaining operation.
・ Utilization of a naturally variable power source that assumes only grid-connected operation is possible.
・ When storage battery equipment is used, it is possible to adjust charging / discharging power at high speed, and because fluctuations can be suppressed in the charging direction, PV (solar power generation) and WT (wind power generation) ), Etc., the charge / discharge power can be adjusted more effectively.
-The generator has an optimum operating range from the viewpoint of output response and power generation efficiency, and the voltage source can be operated in that range.
・ Voltage reserve reserve can be secured.

1.システム構成概要
図1に、自立運転時の分散型電源システムの構成図を示す。
本実施の形態の分散型電源システムは、発電設備10、商用系統20、需要設備30、遮断器40を備える。
発電設備10は、分散型電源1及び2(以下、電流源1及び2と呼ぶ場合がある。)、電流源又は電圧源に切替えられる分散型電源3、制御装置4、切替制御部5を備える。発電設備10は、電力の需要設備30に電力線50を介して電力を供給する。発電設備10は、遮断器40を介して商用系統20と接続される。発電設備10の運転には、商用系統20と接続されて需要設備30に電力を供給する系統連系運転、及び、商用系統20と分離されて需要設備30に電力を供給する自立運転がある。切替制御部5は、商用系統の監視結果(例えば、停電、漏電等の障害時)、保守運用時等の制御装置やコンソールなどからの切替え指示などに従い、これらの切替えを実行する。また、切替制御部5の指示により、遮断器40は接続又は開放され、分散型電源3は、系統連系運転時には電流源に、自立運転時には電圧源として機能するように切替えられる。
図1の本実施の形態は、特に、自立運転時の場合を示す。自立運転時とは、例えば、事故等により系統停電した場合等、電力会社の系統と遮断器等で分離された状態である。
自立運転時、分散型電源(電圧源)3は、出力電圧が一定に維持されるように、電圧制御運転がなされる。電圧源は、自立運転時には、自立系統で電力品質の基準となるため、分散型電源(電圧源)3の運転状態が電力品質に影響を与える。また、分散型電源(電圧源)3の負荷追従速度はきわめて早い。電圧源は、例えば、PAFC(Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell、リン酸形燃料電池)NaS電池(Natrium(Sodium)−Sulfur Battery)等を用いることができる。
1. System Configuration Overview FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a distributed power supply system during independent operation.
The distributed power supply system of the present embodiment includes a power generation facility 10, a commercial system 20, a demand facility 30, and a circuit breaker 40.
The power generation facility 10 includes distributed power sources 1 and 2 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as current sources 1 and 2), a distributed power source 3 that is switched to a current source or a voltage source, a control device 4, and a switching control unit 5. . The power generation facility 10 supplies power to the power demand facility 30 via the power line 50. The power generation facility 10 is connected to the commercial system 20 via the circuit breaker 40. The operation of the power generation facility 10 includes a grid interconnection operation that is connected to the commercial system 20 and supplies power to the demand facility 30, and a self-sustained operation that is separated from the commercial system 20 and supplies power to the demand facility 30. The switching control unit 5 executes these switchings according to the monitoring result of the commercial system (for example, at the time of a failure such as a power failure or leakage), the switching instruction from the control device or the console at the time of maintenance operation, and the like. Further, according to an instruction from the switching control unit 5, the circuit breaker 40 is connected or opened, and the distributed power source 3 is switched to function as a current source during the grid connection operation and function as a voltage source during the independent operation.
The present embodiment of FIG. 1 particularly shows the case of autonomous operation. In the self-sustained operation, for example, when a system power failure occurs due to an accident or the like, the power company system and the circuit breaker are separated.
During the self-sustained operation, the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is voltage controlled so that the output voltage is kept constant. Since the voltage source serves as a reference for power quality in the independent system during the independent operation, the operating state of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 affects the power quality. Further, the load follow-up speed of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is extremely fast. As the voltage source, for example, a PAFC (Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell) NaS battery (Natium (Sodium) -Sulfur Battery) or the like can be used.

電流源1及び2は、出力電流が一定に維持されるように、電流制御運転がなされるため、電圧源が出力する電圧、周波数に同期して運転する。電流源1は、運転状態を制御できる電源設備である。電流源1は電流制御運転がなされるため、運転状態を変化させるには指令を受ける必要があるため、電圧源ほど負荷追従速度は速くない。電流源1は、例えば、電圧源と同様なPAFC、蓄電池、NaS等を用いることができる。電流源2は、運転状態を制御できない電源設備である。電流源2は、例えば、太陽光発電(PV)、風力発電(WT)等を用いることができ、この場合、天候等によって出力が変動する。
制御装置4は、電流源1の運転状態を制御する。特に、自立運転時には、分散型電源(電圧源)3の出力に基づいて電流源1の出力を制御する。
自立運転時では分散型電源3が電圧源となり、電力会社の系統の役割を担い電圧、周波数を決定する。他の分散型電源である電流源1及び電流源2は、電圧源の作る電圧、周波数を基準として、その電圧、周波数に同期して運転する。分散型電源(電圧源)3と電流源1又は2、負荷の規模が同等である、比較的同等に近い場合、分散型電源(電圧源)3より電流源1又は2、負荷の規模が大きい場合、電流源2の出力変動や負荷の変動が電力品質に影響を与える。すなわち、電圧源の電圧・周波数の基準、有効電力P、無効電力Qの状態等によって、電力線に供給される電圧や周波数等に影響を及ぼす場合がある。
The current sources 1 and 2 are operated in synchronization with the voltage and frequency output from the voltage source because the current control operation is performed so that the output current is maintained constant. The current source 1 is a power supply facility that can control the operation state. Since the current source 1 is controlled by current control, it is necessary to receive a command to change the operation state, so the load follow-up speed is not as fast as the voltage source. As the current source 1, for example, the same PAFC, storage battery, NaS or the like as the voltage source can be used. The current source 2 is a power supply facility that cannot control the operation state. As the current source 2, for example, solar power generation (PV), wind power generation (WT), or the like can be used. In this case, the output varies depending on the weather or the like.
The control device 4 controls the operating state of the current source 1. In particular, during the self-sustained operation, the output of the current source 1 is controlled based on the output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3.
At the time of self-sustained operation, the distributed power source 3 serves as a voltage source, and plays the role of the power company system to determine the voltage and frequency. The current source 1 and the current source 2 which are other distributed power sources are operated in synchronism with the voltage and frequency based on the voltage and frequency generated by the voltage source. When the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 and the current source 1 or 2 have the same load scale or are relatively similar, the current source 1 or 2 or the load scale is larger than the distributed power source (voltage source) 3. In this case, the output variation of the current source 2 and the load variation affect the power quality. That is, the voltage and frequency supplied to the power line may be affected by the voltage / frequency reference of the voltage source, the state of the active power P, the reactive power Q, and the like.

図2に、系統連系運転時の分散型電源システムの構成図を示す。
なお、本実施の形態は、特に自立運転時に適用されるが、通常の分散型電源の使用方法として、系統連系運転時の場合がある。この場合、電力会社の系統とは、遮断器40等で接続されている。なお、この場合図1の分散型電源3は、切替制御部5の指令に従い電流源として機能し、制御装置4の出力指令値に従って運転する。電力会社の系統は分散型電源と比較して巨大(強力)である。このような巨大な系統に、小規模の負荷や太陽光発電等の分散型電源が連系し、変動しても、電力品質(電圧、周波数)に与える影響は比較的小さい(なお、今後大量の分散型電源が集中導入されると影響する恐れも有り得る)。系統の電圧、周波数が基準となり、分散型電源(電流源)1、2、3は、系統の作る電圧、周波数に同期して運転する。
FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a distributed power supply system during grid connection operation.
Note that this embodiment is particularly applied during a self-sustained operation, but there is a case of a grid-connected operation as a normal method of using a distributed power source. In this case, the power company system is connected by a circuit breaker 40 or the like. In this case, the distributed power source 3 in FIG. 1 functions as a current source in accordance with a command from the switching control unit 5 and operates according to an output command value from the control device 4. The grid of electric power companies is huge (powerful) compared to distributed power sources. Such a huge system is connected to a small-scale load or a distributed power source such as photovoltaic power generation, and even if it fluctuates, the impact on the power quality (voltage, frequency) is relatively small. May be affected if centralized introduction of distributed power sources. The voltage and frequency of the system are used as a reference, and the distributed power sources (current sources) 1, 2, and 3 operate in synchronization with the voltage and frequency generated by the system.

2.自立運転
図3に、マニュアルによる自立運転の動作についての説明図を示す。
本実施の形態の説明の前に、参考までに、関連技術として、マニュアルによる自立運転の動作について説明する。
この発電設備10の制御部分は、電流源1、分散型電源(電圧源)3、制御装置4’、計測装置、コンソールを備える。分散型電源(電圧源)3は、制御部、インバータ、発電部を備える。電流源1は、制御部、インバータ、発電部、インタフェースを備える。制御装置4’は、電流源の出力設定部、演算部を備える。
分散型電源(電圧源)3は、出力電圧、周波数に基づき、制御部がインバータを電圧制御する。このとき、分散型電源(電圧源)3のローカル制御(既存技術)により、外部の制御装置による運転制御はされない。電流源1は一定(定格)出力運転とすることができる。もしくは、制御装置4の計測装置が分散型電源(電圧源)3から出力される実測有効電力P及び実測無効電力Qを計測し、その計測データを人間が確認し、電流源1の出力を変化させることもできる。このとき、制御装置4’は、操作者のPC等のコンソールからの電流源1の出力設定のための入力に従い、設定部が電流源1の出力を設定し、演算部により指令値が計算されて出力される。そして、電流源1は制御装置4’より受けた指令に従い運転する。このとき、電流源1は、インバータの出力位相、電流に基づき制御部がインバータを電流制御する。
2. Self-sustained operation FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of manual self-sustained operation.
Before the description of the present embodiment, as a related technique, the operation of the self-sustained operation by a manual will be described for reference.
The control part of the power generation facility 10 includes a current source 1, a distributed power source (voltage source) 3, a control device 4 ′, a measuring device, and a console. The distributed power source (voltage source) 3 includes a control unit, an inverter, and a power generation unit. The current source 1 includes a control unit, an inverter, a power generation unit, and an interface. The control device 4 ′ includes a current source output setting unit and a calculation unit.
In the distributed power source (voltage source) 3, the control unit controls the voltage of the inverter based on the output voltage and frequency. At this time, operation control by an external control device is not performed by local control (existing technology) of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3. The current source 1 can be operated at a constant (rated) output. Alternatively, the measurement device of the control device 4 measures the measured active power P and the measured reactive power Q output from the distributed power source (voltage source) 3, and the human confirms the measured data, and changes the output of the current source 1. It can also be made. At this time, in the control device 4 ′, the setting unit sets the output of the current source 1 according to the input for setting the output of the current source 1 from the console of the operator's PC or the like, and the command value is calculated by the calculation unit. Is output. The current source 1 operates in accordance with a command received from the control device 4 ′. At this time, in the current source 1, the control unit performs current control on the inverter based on the output phase and current of the inverter.

図4に、自立運転の動作についての説明図を示す。
次に、本実施の形態の動作について説明する。
この発電設備10の制御部分は、電流源1、分散型電源(電圧源)3、制御装置4、切替制御部5を備える。分散型電源(電圧源)3は、制御部(電圧制御)、インバータ、発電部、インタフェースを備える。電流源1は、制御部、インバータ、発電部、インタフェースを備える。制御装置4は、計測装置41及び44、目標値設定部42、演算部43を備える。
切替制御部5は、商用系統の停電、断線、漏電、短絡等の障害の監視結果に従い、または、保守・運用の指示や、マニュアル若しくは他の制御装置からの切替え指示等に従い、自立運転か系統連系運転かを切替える制御を実行する。そして、切替制御部5は、制御装置4の機能及び分散型電源3の電圧制御/電流制御を切替える。自立運転では、分散型電源3は電圧源として機能するように切替制御部により切替えられる。また、分散型電源(電圧源)3は、電力系への出力電圧、周波数に基づき、制御部がインバータを電圧制御する。このとき、ローカル制御(既存技術)により、外部の制御装置による運転制御はされない。
以下、一例として、有効電力及び無効電力を用いた電力品質維持制御について説明する。
計測装置41は、分散型電源(電圧源)3の電力線への出力から周期的に計測情報(P:実測有効電力、Q:実測無効電力)を取り込む。計測装置44は、電流源1の電力線への出力から周期的に計測情報(P1:実測有効電力、Q1:実測無効電力)を取り込む。目標値設定部42は、予め分散電源(電圧源)3が電力線に出力すべき目標値(P’:有効電力目標値、Q’:無効電力目標値)を設定しておく。制御装置4は、計測装置41から出力される計測情報(P、Q)と目標値設定部42からの目標値(P’、Q’)とを周期的に比較し、計測装置44から出力される計測情報(P1、Q1)を用いて、指令値を計算して送出する。ここで、出力される指令値は、次のようになる。
有効分指令値 P1−ΔP (ΔP=P’−P)
無効分指令値 Q1−ΔQ (ΔQ=Q’−Q)
ここで、P1:電流源1の有効電力 Q1:電流源1の無効電力
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the independent operation.
Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
The control part of the power generation facility 10 includes a current source 1, a distributed power source (voltage source) 3, a control device 4, and a switching control unit 5. The distributed power source (voltage source) 3 includes a control unit (voltage control), an inverter, a power generation unit, and an interface. The current source 1 includes a control unit, an inverter, a power generation unit, and an interface. The control device 4 includes measurement devices 41 and 44, a target value setting unit 42, and a calculation unit 43.
The switching control unit 5 determines whether the autonomous operation or the system is in accordance with the monitoring result of a failure such as a power failure, disconnection, leakage, short circuit, etc. in the commercial system, or in accordance with a maintenance / operation instruction or a switching instruction from a manual or other control device. Executes control to switch between linked operation. The switching control unit 5 switches the function of the control device 4 and the voltage control / current control of the distributed power source 3. In the independent operation, the distributed power source 3 is switched by the switching control unit so as to function as a voltage source. In the distributed power source (voltage source) 3, the control unit controls the voltage of the inverter based on the output voltage and frequency to the power system. At this time, operation control by an external control device is not performed by local control (existing technology).
Hereinafter, power quality maintenance control using active power and reactive power will be described as an example.
The measuring device 41 periodically captures measurement information (P: measured active power, Q: measured reactive power) from the output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 to the power line. The measuring device 44 periodically captures measurement information (P1: actually measured active power, Q1: actually measured reactive power) from the output of the current source 1 to the power line. The target value setting unit 42 sets in advance target values (P ′: active power target value, Q ′: reactive power target value) that the distributed power supply (voltage source) 3 should output to the power line. The control device 4 periodically compares the measurement information (P, Q) output from the measurement device 41 with the target values (P ′, Q ′) from the target value setting unit 42, and is output from the measurement device 44. The command value is calculated and transmitted using measurement information (P1, Q1). Here, the command value to be output is as follows.
Effective command value P1-ΔP (ΔP = P'-P)
Invalid command value Q1-ΔQ (ΔQ = Q'-Q)
Here, P1: Active power of current source 1 Q1: Reactive power of current source 1

電流源1は制御装置4より受けた指令に従い運転する。すなわち、制御部はインタフェースを介して演算部からの指令値を入力する。制御部は、出力位相、電流に基づき、指令値に追従するようにインバータを電流制御する。その結果、電流源の出力はP1−ΔP、Q1−ΔQに近づく。
以上のように、制御装置4は、分散型電源(電圧源)3の送電端の出力P,Qの計測情報をもとに、電流源1の出力P1,Q1を決定する。このとき、電流源1は、分散型電源(電圧源)3の送電端の出力P,Qを予め設定した目標値P’、Q’に保つように電流源1のP1,Q1を決定することで、電力品質改善のために電流源の出力を変更する。
The current source 1 operates in accordance with a command received from the control device 4. That is, a control part inputs the command value from a calculating part via an interface. The control unit controls the current of the inverter so as to follow the command value based on the output phase and the current. As a result, the output of the current source approaches P1−ΔP and Q1−ΔQ.
As described above, the control device 4 determines the outputs P1 and Q1 of the current source 1 based on the measurement information of the outputs P and Q at the power transmission end of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3. At this time, the current source 1 determines P1 and Q1 of the current source 1 so as to keep the outputs P and Q of the power transmission end of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 at preset target values P ′ and Q ′. In order to improve power quality, the output of the current source is changed.

図5に、電流源2の出力変動及び負荷変動の際の動作説明図を示す。
図示のように、電圧源によって確立された自立電力系統に、電流源1(例:蓄電池)、電流源2(例:太陽光発電設備)を連系させ、需要設備30(負荷設備)に給電する。自立系統を維持するためには、次式が成り立つことが必要である。
P+P1+P2=P3、Q+Q1+Q2=Q3 (1)
ここで
P :分散型電源(電圧源)3の有効電力
Q :分散型電源(電圧源)3の無効電力
P1:電流源1の有効電力 Q1:電流源1の無効電力
P2:電流源2の有効電力 Q2:電流源2の無効電力
P3:負荷の有効電力 Q3:負荷の無効電力
である。
ここで、需要設備30の負荷変動(P3→P3+ΔP3)、及び、太陽光発電設備の出力変動(P2→P2+ΔP2)が生じた場合を想定する。従来は、この場合、(1)式の条件を満たすため、分散型電源(電圧源)3は、上述したようなローカル制御により、次式のように、出力がP→P+ΔPとなり、電力品質(例:電圧、周波数)が変動することになる。
(P+ΔP)+P1+(P2+ΔP2)=P3+ΔP3
(ΔP=−ΔP2+ΔP3)
しかし、本実施の形態では、電流源1の出力が、P1→P1+ΔP1 に制御される。よって、次式のように、分散型電源(電圧源)3の出力が、P+ΔP→P となり電力品質が変動せず改善される。
P+(P1+ΔP1)+(P2+ΔP2)=P3+ΔP3
(ΔP1=−ΔP2+ΔP3)
なお、無効電力Qについても同様である。また、電流源1又は需要設備30のいずれか一方が変動した場合も、ΔP2=0又はΔP3=0とすれば、同様に適応して品質を改善することができる。
FIG. 5 shows an operation explanatory diagram when the output fluctuation and load fluctuation of the current source 2 occur.
As shown in the figure, a current source 1 (for example, a storage battery) and a current source 2 (for example, a photovoltaic power generation facility) are connected to a self-sustained power system established by a voltage source, and power is supplied to a demand facility 30 (load facility). To do. In order to maintain an independent system, it is necessary that the following equation holds.
P + P1 + P2 = P3, Q + Q1 + Q2 = Q3 (1)
Where P: active power of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 Q: reactive power of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 P1: active power of the current source 1 Q1: reactive power of the current source 1 P2: of the current source 2 Active power Q2: Reactive power of current source 2 P3: Active power of load Q3: Reactive power of load.
Here, it is assumed that the load fluctuation (P3 → P3 + ΔP3) of the demand facility 30 and the output fluctuation (P2 → P2 + ΔP2) of the photovoltaic power generation facility occur. Conventionally, in this case, since the condition of the expression (1) is satisfied, the output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 becomes P → P + ΔP and the power quality ( Example: voltage, frequency) will fluctuate.
(P + ΔP) + P1 + (P2 + ΔP2) = P3 + ΔP3
(ΔP = −ΔP2 + ΔP3)
However, in the present embodiment, the output of the current source 1 is controlled from P1 → P1 + ΔP1. Therefore, as shown in the following equation, the output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 becomes P + ΔP → P, and the power quality is improved without fluctuation.
P + (P1 + ΔP1) + (P2 + ΔP2) = P3 + ΔP3
(ΔP1 = −ΔP2 + ΔP3)
The same applies to reactive power Q. Also, when either one of the current source 1 or the demand facility 30 fluctuates, if ΔP2 = 0 or ΔP3 = 0, it can be similarly adapted to improve the quality.

図6に、電力品質維持制御についてのフローチャートを示す。
電流源2及び需要設備30について、有効電力P2、P3、無効電力Q2、Q3は制御不可能で常時変動するため、分散型電源(電圧源)3の有効及び無効電力P、Qも変動する。ループ1(S101、S123)及びループ2(S105、S121)は、それぞれ周期T及びt(T≧t)で、ループ1及び2内の処理を繰り返すことを示す。
まず、制御装置4の目標値設定部42で、分散型電源(電圧源)3の目標有効電力P’、目標無効電力Q’を設定する(S103)。制御装置4は、計測装置41により分散型電源(電圧源)3の電力線への出力から実測有効電力P、実測無効電力Qを計測し、演算部43に計測情報を取り込み、また、計測装置44により電流源1の電力線への出力から実測有効電力P1、実測無効電力Q1を計測し、演算部43に計測情報を取り込む(S107)。制御装置4の演算部43は、PとP’、QとQ’をそれぞれ比較して(S109)、差分ΔP=(P’−P)、ΔQ=(Q’−Q)(電流源1の出力変化量)を計算する(S111)。制御装置4の演算部43から電流源1の制御部にインタフェースを介してP1−ΔP、Q1−ΔQを渡す(S113)。
電流源1の制御部は、インタフェースを介して制御装置4からP1−ΔP、Q1−ΔQを受けとり、ΔP、ΔQだけ電流源1の出力を変化させ、出力をP1−ΔP、Q1−ΔQに制御する(S201)。こうして電流源1の出力が変化する(S203)。
需要電力が増加し、分散型電源(電圧源)3の有効電力がP=P’+ΔPとなった場合は、電力線の周波数は低下する。しかし、このとき、電流源1の出力を+ΔP変化させることで、分散型電源(電圧源)3の有効電力出力をP=P−ΔPに変化させ(S301)、目標値P’に戻すことが出来る。これにより、分散型電源(電圧源)3の有効電力増加に伴う電力線の周波数の低下を抑制できる。また、分散型電源(電圧源)3の無効電力がQ’+ΔQとなった場合、電力線の電圧が低下する。このとき、電流源1の無効電力を+ΔQ変化させることで、分散型電源(電圧源)3の無効電力出力をQ=Q−ΔQに変化させ(S301)、目標値Q’に戻すことが出来る。これにより、分散型電源(電圧源)3の無効電力増加に伴う電力線の電圧の低下を抑制できる。
制御装置4は、ループ2により、ステップS105〜S121を周期tで繰り返すことで、自然変動電源(P2、Q2)や需要電力(P3,Q3)が変動した場合においても、電圧源を最適な領域で運転することができ、自立運転系統の電力品質を安定させることができる。また、制御装置4は、ループ1により、ステップS101〜S123を周期T(≧t)で繰り返すことで、目標値P’、Q’を変更可能とすることができる。
FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of power quality maintenance control.
For the current source 2 and the demand facility 30, the active power P2, P3 and the reactive powers Q2, Q3 cannot be controlled and constantly fluctuate. Therefore, the active and reactive powers P, Q of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 also fluctuate. Loop 1 (S101, S123) and loop 2 (S105, S121) indicate that the processes in loops 1 and 2 are repeated at periods T and t (T ≧ t), respectively.
First, the target value setting unit 42 of the control device 4 sets the target active power P ′ and the target reactive power Q ′ of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 (S103). The control device 4 measures the actual measurement effective power P and the actual measurement reactive power Q from the output to the power line of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 by the measurement device 41, fetches the measurement information into the calculation unit 43, and the measurement device 44. The measured active power P1 and the measured reactive power Q1 are measured from the output of the current source 1 to the power line, and the measurement information is taken into the calculation unit 43 (S107). The calculation unit 43 of the control device 4 compares P and P ′ and Q and Q ′, respectively (S109), and the differences ΔP = (P′−P) and ΔQ = (Q′−Q) (of the current source 1). (Output change amount) is calculated (S111). P1−ΔP and Q1−ΔQ are passed from the calculation unit 43 of the control device 4 to the control unit of the current source 1 through the interface (S113).
The control unit of the current source 1 receives P1−ΔP and Q1−ΔQ from the control device 4 through the interface, changes the output of the current source 1 by ΔP and ΔQ, and controls the output to P1−ΔP and Q1−ΔQ. (S201). Thus, the output of the current source 1 changes (S203).
When the power demand increases and the active power of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 becomes P = P ′ + ΔP, the frequency of the power line decreases. However, at this time, by changing the output of the current source 1 by + ΔP, the active power output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is changed to P = P−ΔP (S301) and returned to the target value P ′. I can do it. Thereby, the fall of the frequency of the power line accompanying the increase in the active power of the distributed power supply (voltage source) 3 can be suppressed. Further, when the reactive power of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 becomes Q ′ + ΔQ, the voltage of the power line decreases. At this time, by changing the reactive power of the current source 1 by + ΔQ, the reactive power output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 can be changed to Q = Q−ΔQ (S301) and returned to the target value Q ′. . Thereby, the fall of the voltage of the power line accompanying the increase in the reactive power of the distributed power supply (voltage source) 3 can be suppressed.
The control device 4 repeats steps S105 to S121 with the period t through the loop 2, so that the voltage source can be set to the optimum region even when the naturally varying power source (P2, Q2) or the demand power (P3, Q3) fluctuates. The power quality of the independent operation system can be stabilized. Further, the control device 4 can change the target values P ′ and Q ′ by repeating the steps S101 to S123 with the cycle T (≧ t) by the loop 1.

3.系統連系運転
図7に、系統連系運転の動作についての説明図を示す。
系統連系運転では、分散型電源3は電流源として機能するように、切替制御部5により切替えられる。制御装置4は、目標値設定部42により出力指令値を分散型電源(電流源)3及び電流源1に与える。分散型電源(電流源)3及び電流源1の各制御部は、この指令値に従い、インバータを電流制御することで一定電流又は一定電力を維持するように制御する。
3. System interconnection operation FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the system interconnection operation.
In the grid connection operation, the distributed power source 3 is switched by the switching control unit 5 so as to function as a current source. The control device 4 gives an output command value to the distributed power source (current source) 3 and the current source 1 by the target value setting unit 42. Each control unit of the distributed power source (current source) 3 and the current source 1 controls the inverter so as to maintain a constant current or a constant power by controlling the current according to the command value.

4.分散型電源の電圧源制御及び電流源制御
図8に、分散型電源の主回路および制御部についての構成図の例を示す。(既存技術)
制御部は、位相/周波数検出器、電流検出器、電圧検出器、有効電力変換部、無効電力変換部、電圧制御部、電流制御部、スイッチ、PWMパルス発生器等を備える。図示のように、分散型電源3は、例えば、直流電圧源である発電部を、PWMインバータを介して交流系統の電力線に接続し、PWMインバータを制御して、発電部の直流を交流に変換して電力線に供給する。
分散型電源は、スイッチで切替えることにより、系統連系時にはGC(Grid Connect)モードで運転され、電流制御が行われ、自立運転中には、GI(Grid Independent)モードで運転され、電圧制御が行われる。なお、この切替えにより、遮断器などによる電力系統との接続/分離切替え、制御装置4、他の制御部、各分散型電源などの機能等の切替えが適宜制御される。自立運転時の分散型電源3は、基本的に、負荷の変化に追従可能なPAFC等を電圧制御(GI)モードで運転し、他の分散型電源(電流源1、2)は指令値に従ってCGモードで運転する。
4). Voltage Source Control and Current Source Control of Distributed Power Source FIG. 8 shows an example of a configuration diagram of the main circuit and control unit of the distributed power source. (Existing technology)
The control unit includes a phase / frequency detector, a current detector, a voltage detector, an active power converter, a reactive power converter, a voltage controller, a current controller, a switch, a PWM pulse generator, and the like. As shown in the figure, the distributed power source 3 connects, for example, a power generation unit that is a DC voltage source to a power line of an AC system via a PWM inverter, and controls the PWM inverter to convert the DC of the power generation unit into AC. And supply it to the power line.
The distributed power source is operated in the GC (Grid Connect) mode during grid connection by switching with a switch, current control is performed, and in the independent operation, it is operated in the GI (Grid Independent) mode, and the voltage control is performed. Done. In addition, by this switching, switching of connection / separation with the electric power system by a circuit breaker or the like, functions of the control device 4, another control unit, each distributed power source, and the like are appropriately controlled. The distributed power source 3 at the time of self-sustained operation basically operates a PAFC or the like capable of following a change in load in the voltage control (GI) mode, and the other distributed power sources (current sources 1 and 2) follow the command value. Operate in CG mode.

図9に、電圧源制御についての説明図を示す。
以下に、電圧源制御方法について説明する。
自立運転時のGIモードでは、スイッチが図示のように切替えられ、分散型電源3は電圧源として機能する。GIモードでは、分散型電源(電圧源)3の制御は全てローカル(分散型電源(電圧源)3内)で行われ、外部の制御装置などからの指令は受けない。
このモードでは電圧制御が選択され、電力線への出力によりシステムの電圧が決定される。システムの周波数を決定するのは位相/周波数検出器である。広く知られているように、この回路は、例えば、PLL(Phase Locked Loop)と呼ばれる回路方式により、電力線の周波数および位相を連続的に検出する機能を有しており、検出した位相信号により制御回路内の電圧・電流信号をDQ軸に座標変換し、電圧・電流制御に使用する。位相/周波数検出器からの出力により、電圧検出器が電圧を検出し、これを用いて、電圧制御部により、出力電圧の大きさを決定する。さらに、位相/周波数検出器からの情報を用いてPWMパルス発生器へ与える信号波の周波数を決定する(町田、「直流送電工学」東京電機大学出版局(1999)など参照)。そして、PWMパルス発生器の出力によりPWMインバータを制御して、発電部の直流を交流に変換して電力線に供給する。
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of voltage source control.
The voltage source control method will be described below.
In the GI mode during the self-sustaining operation, the switch is switched as shown in the figure, and the distributed power source 3 functions as a voltage source. In the GI mode, control of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is all performed locally (within the distributed power source (voltage source) 3), and no command is received from an external control device or the like.
In this mode, voltage control is selected and the system voltage is determined by the output to the power line. It is the phase / frequency detector that determines the frequency of the system. As is widely known, this circuit has a function of continuously detecting the frequency and phase of a power line by a circuit method called PLL (Phase Locked Loop), for example, and is controlled by the detected phase signal. The voltage / current signal in the circuit is transformed to the DQ axis and used for voltage / current control. The voltage detector detects the voltage based on the output from the phase / frequency detector, and using this, the voltage controller determines the magnitude of the output voltage. Furthermore, the frequency of the signal wave given to the PWM pulse generator is determined using information from the phase / frequency detector (see Machida, “DC Transmission Engineering”, Tokyo Denki University Press (1999), etc.). Then, the PWM inverter is controlled by the output of the PWM pulse generator to convert the direct current of the power generation unit into alternating current and supply it to the power line.

図10に、電流源制御部についての説明図を示す。
以下に、電流源制御方法(電流制御)について説明する。
系統連系時GCモードでは、スイッチが図示のように切替えられ、分散型電源3は、電流源として機能する。また、電流源1も同様に制御される。電流源は、制御装置4からの指令値に従った一定出力運転を実行する(系統連系時も同様)。
すなわち、電流源の制御部は、制御装置4からインタフェースを介して有効電力及び無効電力の指令値が与えられる。有効電力変換部及び無効電力変換部は、各指令値を有効電流及び無効電流の指令値に変換し、電流制御部に与える。電流制御部(ACR)は、有効及び無効電流の指令値に電流検出器で検出した電力線の電流値が追従するように出力指令をPWMパルス発生器に与える。PWMパルス発生器は、差分出力と位相検出器で検出した電力線の位相とに基づき、PWMインバータを制御することで、電力線の有効電力及び無効電力を指令値に従い制御する。
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the current source control unit.
The current source control method (current control) will be described below.
In the grid connection GC mode, the switches are switched as shown in the figure, and the distributed power supply 3 functions as a current source. Further, the current source 1 is similarly controlled. The current source performs a constant output operation according to the command value from the control device 4 (the same applies to the grid connection).
That is, the control unit of the current source is given command values of active power and reactive power from the control device 4 via the interface. The active power conversion unit and the reactive power conversion unit convert each command value into a command value of active current and reactive current, and supply the command value to the current control unit. The current control unit (ACR) gives an output command to the PWM pulse generator so that the current value of the power line detected by the current detector follows the command value of the effective and reactive currents. The PWM pulse generator controls the active power and reactive power of the power line according to the command value by controlling the PWM inverter based on the differential output and the phase of the power line detected by the phase detector.

5.他の実施の形態1
図11に、他の実施の形態1の自立運転の動作についての説明図を示す。また、図12に、他の実施の形態1の電力品質維持制御についてのフローチャートを示す。
上述のように、需要電力が増加し、電圧源の有効電力がP=P’+ΔPとなった場合、電力線の周波数は低下する。よって、分散型電源(電圧源)3の電力線への出力としての計測情報として、有効電力の代わりに周波数を用いることもできる。また、電圧源の無効電力がQ’+ΔQとなった場合、電力線の電圧が低下する。よって、分散型電源(電圧源)3の電力線への出力としての計測情報として、無効電力の代わりに電圧を用いることもできる。
そこで、本実施の形態では、目標値設定部42は、予め目標値(f’:周波数目標値、V’:電圧目標値)を設定しておく(S103−1)。計測装置41は、分散型電源(電圧源)3の出力から周期的に計測情報(f:実測周波数、V:実測電圧)を取り込み、また、計測装置44は、電流源1の出力から周期的に計測情報(P1:実測有効電力、Q1:実測無効電力)を取り込む(S107−1)。制御装置4の演算部43は、計測装置41から出力される計測情報(f、V)と目標値設定部42からの目標値(f’、V’)とを周期的に比較して(S109−1)、差分Δf=f’−f 及び ΔV=V’−Vを計算する(S111−1)。さらに、演算部43は、実測有効電力P1、実測無効電力Q1、実測周波数f及び実測電圧V、差分Δf及びΔVに基づき、有効電力及び無効電力の指令値P1+ΔP、Q1+ΔQに変換して、電流源1にこの指令値を送る(S113−1)。そして、上述したとおり、電流源1は制御装置4より受けた指令に従い運転し、有効・無効電力出力をΔP、ΔQ分変化させることで(S201−1)、分散型電源(電圧源)3の有効電力を−ΔP、無効電力を−ΔQ分変化させることにより、分散型電源(電圧源)3の周波数をf+Δf、電圧をV+ΔVに変化させ、分散型電源(電圧源)3の周波数を周波数目標値f’に、電圧を電圧目標値V’に制御する(S301−1)。なお、他のステップS101、S105、S121、S123は図6と同様である。
5. Other Embodiment 1
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the self-sustained operation according to the other embodiment 1. FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of power quality maintenance control according to another embodiment 1.
As described above, when the demand power increases and the effective power of the voltage source becomes P = P ′ + ΔP, the frequency of the power line decreases. Therefore, frequency can be used instead of active power as measurement information as an output to the power line of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3. Further, when the reactive power of the voltage source becomes Q ′ + ΔQ, the voltage of the power line decreases. Therefore, voltage can be used instead of reactive power as measurement information as output to the power line of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the target value setting unit 42 sets a target value (f ′: frequency target value, V ′: voltage target value) in advance (S103-1). The measuring device 41 periodically captures measurement information (f: measured frequency, V: measured voltage) from the output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3, and the measuring device 44 periodically receives the output of the current source 1. Measurement information (P1: actually measured effective power, Q1: actually measured reactive power) is taken in (S107-1). The calculation unit 43 of the control device 4 periodically compares the measurement information (f, V) output from the measurement device 41 with the target values (f ′, V ′) from the target value setting unit 42 (S109). −1), and the differences Δf = f′−f and ΔV = V′−V are calculated (S111-1). Further, the calculation unit 43 converts the active power and reactive power into command values P1 + ΔP and Q1 + ΔQ based on the measured active power P1, the measured reactive power Q1, the measured frequency f and the measured voltage V, and the differences Δf and ΔV. This command value is sent to 1 (S113-1). As described above, the current source 1 operates according to the command received from the control device 4 and changes the active / reactive power output by ΔP and ΔQ (S201-1), so that the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 By changing the active power by −ΔP and the reactive power by −ΔQ, the frequency of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is changed to f + Δf and the voltage is changed to V + ΔV, and the frequency of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is a frequency target. The voltage is controlled to the value f ′ and the voltage target value V ′ (S301-1). The other steps S101, S105, S121, and S123 are the same as those in FIG.

6.他の実施の形態2
図13に、他の実施の形態2の自立運転の動作についての説明図を示す。また、図14に、他の実施の形態2の電力品質維持制御についてのフローチャートを示す。
本実施の形態では、まず、目標値設定部42は、予め目標値(P’又はQ’:有効/無効電力目標値、cosθ’:力率目標値)を設定しておく(S103−2)。計測装置41は、分散型電源(電圧源)3の出力から周期的に計測情報(P又はQ:有効/無効電力、cosθ:力率)を取り込み、また、計測装置44は、電流源1の出力から周期的に計測情報(P1又はQ1:有効/無効電力、cosθ1:力率)を取り込む(S107−2)。制御装置4の演算部43は、計測装置41から出力される計測情報(P又はQ、cosθ)と目標値設定部42からの目標値(P’又はQ’、cosθ’)とを周期的に比較し(S109−2)、差分ΔP=P’−P若しくはΔQ=Q’−Q 及び cosθ、cosθ’、P1、cosθ1に基づき、力率指令値cosθ1(指令)を計算し(詳細は後述)、電流源1に P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQ 及び cosθ1(指令)を指令値として送る(S113−2)。そして、上述したとおり、電流源1は制御装置4より受けた指令に従い運転し、有効電力若しくは無効電力出力を、P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQに制御し、力率をcosθ1(指令)に制御することにより(S201−2、S203−2)、分散型電源(電圧源)3の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に、及び、力率を力率目標値cosθ’に制御する(S301−2)。なお、他のステップS101、S105、S121、S123は図6と同様である。
6). Other embodiment 2
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the self-sustained operation according to another embodiment 2. FIG. 14 shows a flowchart of power quality maintenance control according to another embodiment 2.
In the present embodiment, the target value setting unit 42 first sets a target value (P ′ or Q ′: active / reactive power target value, cos θ ′: power factor target value) in advance (S103-2). . The measurement device 41 periodically takes measurement information (P or Q: active / reactive power, cos θ: power factor) from the output of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3, and the measurement device 44 Measurement information (P1 or Q1: active / reactive power, cos θ1: power factor) is periodically fetched from the output (S107-2). The calculation unit 43 of the control device 4 periodically calculates the measurement information (P or Q, cos θ) output from the measurement device 41 and the target value (P ′ or Q ′, cos θ ′) from the target value setting unit 42. Compare (S109-2), and calculate the power factor command value cosθ1 (command) based on the difference ΔP = P′−P or ΔQ = Q′−Q and cosθ, cosθ ′, P1, cosθ1 (details will be described later) Then, P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ and cos θ1 (command) are sent to the current source 1 as command values (S113-2). As described above, the current source 1 operates in accordance with the command received from the control device 4, controls the active power or reactive power output to P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ, and controls the power factor to cos θ1 (command) . (S201-2, S203-2), the active power of the distributed power source (voltage source) 3 is set to the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power to the reactive power target value Q ′, and the power factor is set to the power factor target. The value is controlled to cos θ ′ (S301-2). The other steps S101, S105, S121, and S123 are the same as those in FIG.

ここで、力率を利用する場合の考え方について、以下に補足する。
力率を利用する場合、基本的な考え方は、概略、上述の実施の形態及び他の実施の形態と同様で、要するに、電圧源の有効電力・無効電力の目標値に実出力が合うように電流源の出力を決めてやれば良いと考える。現実的には、有効電力と力率を計測している場合が多いと思われるので、以下に、この組み合わせでどのようにすれば良いか検討する。
電圧源の出力をP、Q、cosθ(力率)、目標をP’、Q’、cosθ’、sinθ’、tanθ’とし、電流源の出力をP1、Q1、cosθ1、sinθ1、tanθ1とする(実際に計測するのは有効電力と力率のみで無効電力は計算経過を理解するためのもの)。有効電力は上述の実施の形態と同様、ΔP=P’−Pを計算して、P1(指令)=P1(計測)−ΔPとすれば良い。無効電力は次の考え方で指令を出す。なお、添え字は、「(指令)」が指令値を、「(計測)」が計測値をそれぞれ示す。
(力率の定義cosθ(よってtanθ=Q/P))
Q’=P’(sinθ’/cosθ’)=P’×tanθ’
ΔQ=Q’−Q=P’×tanθ’−P×tanθ
Here, the following is supplemented about the way of thinking when using power factor.
When using the power factor, the basic idea is roughly the same as in the above-described embodiment and other embodiments. In short, the actual output matches the target values of the active power and reactive power of the voltage source. I think it would be good to decide the output of the current source. In reality, it seems that there are many cases where the active power and the power factor are measured, so in the following, we will consider how to use this combination.
The output of the voltage source is P, Q, cos θ (power factor), the target is P ′, Q ′, cos θ ′, sin θ ′, tan θ ′, and the output of the current source is P1, Q1, cos θ1, sin θ1, tan θ1 ( Actually, only active power and power factor are measured, and reactive power is used to understand the calculation process). As in the above-described embodiment, the effective power may be calculated by calculating ΔP = P′−P to be P1 (command) = P1 (measurement) −ΔP. The reactive power is issued in the following way. The subscript “(command)” indicates the command value, and “(measurement)” indicates the measurement value.
(Definition of power factor cos θ (hence tan θ = Q / P))
Q ′ = P ′ (sin θ ′ / cos θ ′) = P ′ × tan θ ′
ΔQ = Q′−Q = P ′ × tan θ′−P × tan θ

電流源が無効電力を指令として直接受けられる場合は、Q1(指令)=Q1(計測)−ΔQを出せば良い。電流源も力率を指令とする場合は、以下の関係より、力率指令値cosθ1(指令)を出す。
Q1(指令)=Q1(計測)−ΔQ
=P1(計測)×tanθ1(計測)−(P’×tanθ’−P×tanθ)
また、
Q1(指令)=P1(指令)×tanθ1(指令)

よって、
tanθ1(指令)=(P1(計測)×tanθ1(計測)−P’×tanθ’+P×tanθ)/P1(指令)
θ1(指令)=tan−1((P1(計測)×tanθ1(計測)−P’×tanθ’+P×tanθ)/P1(指令)
=tan−1((P1(計測)×tanθ1(計測)−P’×tanθ’+P×tanθ)/(P1−ΔP))

したがって、力率指令値が、θ1(指令)は、次式となる。
力率指令値cosθ1(指令)
=cos(tan−1((P1(計測)×tanθ1(計測)−P’×tanθ’+P×tanθ)/(P1−ΔP))
When the current source can directly receive reactive power as a command, Q1 (command) = Q1 (measurement) −ΔQ may be issued. When the power source also uses the power factor as a command, the power factor command value cos θ1 (command) is output from the following relationship.
Q1 (command) = Q1 (measurement) -ΔQ
= P1 (measurement) × tan θ1 (measurement) − (P ′ × tan θ′−P × tan θ)
Also,
Q1 (command) = P1 (command) x tanθ1 (command)

Therefore,
tan θ1 (command) = (P1 (measurement) × tan θ1 (measurement) −P ′ × tan θ ′ + P × tan θ) / P1 (command)
θ1 (command) = tan −1 ((P1 (measurement) × tan θ1 ( measurement) −P ′ × tan θ ′ + P × tan θ) / P1 (command) )
= Tan −1 ((P1 (measurement) × tan θ1 (measurement) −P ′ × tan θ ′ + P × tan θ) / (P1−ΔP))

Accordingly, the power factor command value θ1 (command) is expressed by the following equation.
Power factor command value cos θ1 (command)
= Cos (tan −1 ((P1 (measurement) × tan θ1 (measurement) −P ′ × tan θ ′ + P × tan θ) / (P1−ΔP)))

7.他の実施の形態3
図15に、他の実施の形態3の自立運転の動作についての説明図を示す。
なお、上述の実施の形態及び他の実施の形態1、2において、電流源1の運転状態を制御する際には、有効電力及び無効電力を指令するほか、力率を制御することで、有効電力、無効電力を制御することも出来る。この場合、電流源1は、電力線へ出力する電力の力率を制御する力率調整部11をさらに備え、制御部は、制御装置4からの指令値に従い、力率調整部11により力率を変化させて調整することで、有効電力及び無効電力を制御することができる。このとき、制御部は、例えば、指令値としての有効電力及び無効電力に基づき、それを有効電力及び力率、又は、無効電力及び力率に変換して、有効電力・無効電力によりインバータを制御し、力率により力率制御部11を制御することができる。他にも、指令値として、有効電力(又は無効電力)と力率、又は、周波数と電圧を用いて、電流源の制御部で適宜、有効・無効電力、力率に変換して、インバータを制御するようにしてもよい。
7). Other Embodiment 3
FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the self-sustained operation according to another embodiment 3.
In the above-described embodiment and other embodiments 1 and 2, when controlling the operating state of the current source 1, in addition to instructing active power and reactive power, it is effective by controlling the power factor. Power and reactive power can also be controlled. In this case, the current source 1 further includes a power factor adjustment unit 11 that controls the power factor of the power output to the power line, and the control unit uses the power factor adjustment unit 11 to change the power factor according to the command value from the control device 4. The active power and reactive power can be controlled by changing and adjusting. At this time, for example, the control unit converts the active power and the reactive power into the active power and the power factor or the reactive power and the power factor based on the active power and the reactive power as command values, and controls the inverter by the active power and the reactive power. The power factor control unit 11 can be controlled by the power factor. In addition, using the active power (or reactive power) and power factor, or frequency and voltage as the command value, the current source control unit converts the inverter to active / reactive power and power factor as appropriate. You may make it control.

本発明は、各種の電源を複数種及び/又は複数個備えた分散型電源設備に適用することができる。また、本発明の分散型電源装置を複数備えた分散型電源システムにも適用することも可能である。   The present invention can be applied to a distributed power supply facility including a plurality and / or a plurality of various power sources. The present invention can also be applied to a distributed power supply system including a plurality of distributed power supply apparatuses according to the present invention.

自立運転時の分散型電源システムの構成図。The block diagram of the distributed power supply system at the time of a self-sustained operation. 系統連系運転時の分散型電源システムの構成図。The block diagram of the distributed power supply system at the time of grid connection operation. マニュアルによる自立運転の動作についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about the operation | movement of the independent operation by a manual. 自立運転の動作についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about operation | movement of a self-supporting operation. 電流源2の出力変動及び負荷変動の際の動作説明図。Operation | movement explanatory drawing at the time of the output fluctuation | variation of the current source 2, and load fluctuation | variation. 電力品質維持制御についてのフローチャート。The flowchart about electric power quality maintenance control. 系統連系運転の動作についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about operation | movement of grid connection operation | movement. 分散型電源の制御部についての構成図。The block diagram about the control part of a distributed power supply. 電圧源制御についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about voltage source control. 電流源制御部についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about a current source control part. 他の実施の形態1の自立運転の動作についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about operation | movement of the independent operation of other Embodiment 1. FIG. 他の実施の形態1の電力品質維持制御についてのフローチャート。The flowchart about the electric power quality maintenance control of other Embodiment 1. FIG. 他の実施の形態2の自立運転の動作についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about the operation | movement of the independent operation of other Embodiment 2. FIG. 他の実施の形態2の電力品質維持制御についてのフローチャート。The flowchart about the electric power quality maintenance control of other Embodiment 2. FIG. 他の実施の形態3の自立運転の動作についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about the operation | movement of the independent operation of other Embodiment 3. FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 電流源
3 分散型電源(電圧源)
4 制御装置
5 切替制御部
10 発電設備
41及び44 計測装置
42 目標値設定部
43 演算部
1 Current source 3 Distributed power supply (voltage source)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 4 Control apparatus 5 Switching control part 10 Electric power generation equipment 41 and 44 Measuring apparatus 42 Target value setting part 43 Calculation part

Claims (15)

電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、電力線を介して需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置において、
自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、
前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、
前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部と
を備え、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力目標値P’及び無効電力目標値Q’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P及び実測無効電力Qを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1及び実測無効電力Q1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’、実測無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分 ΔP=P’−P 及び ΔQ=Q’−Q を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP 及び Q1−ΔQ を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力を P1−ΔP、無効電力出力を Q1−ΔQ に制御する
ことにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’に、無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に制御するようにした前記分散型発電装置。
In a distributed generator that can switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, and that supplies power to the demand facility via the power line,
A distributed power source that is voltage controlled as a voltage source during independent operation, is current controlled as a current source during grid operation, and supplies power to the power line;
A first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output by the distributed power source, is capable of controlling an operation state, and supplies power to the power line;
A controller for controlling an operating state of the distributed power source and the first current source;
A switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of independent operation and grid interconnection operation,
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets an active power target value P ′ and a reactive power target value Q ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P and the measured reactive power Q of the distributed power source, measures the measured effective power P1 and the measured reactive power Q1 of the first current source, and periodically captures measurement information. ,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′, the measured reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, respectively, and the differences ΔP = P′−P and ΔQ = Q′−. Q is calculated,
P1-ΔP and Q1-ΔQ are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
The first current source controls the active power output of the distributed power source to the active power target by controlling the active power output to P1-ΔP and the reactive power output to Q1-ΔQ according to the command value received from the control device. The distributed power generator, wherein the reactive power is controlled to the reactive power target value Q ′ with the value P ′.
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置において、
自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、
前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、
前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部と
を備え、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の周波数目標値f’及び電圧目標値V’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測周波数f及び実測電圧Vを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1及び実測無効電力Q1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測周波数fと周波数目標値f’、実測電圧Vと電圧目標値V’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分Δf=f’−f 及び ΔV=V’−Vを計算し、
差分Δf及びΔVに基づき、前記分散型電源の有効電力の変動量ΔP、無効電力の変動量ΔQを求め、前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に有効電力指令値P1+ΔP、無効電力指令値Q1+ΔQを送り、前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力をΔP、無効電力出力をΔQ分変化させることにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を−ΔP、無効電力を−ΔQ分変化させることで、前記分散型電源の周波数をf+Δf、電圧をV+ΔVに変化させ、前記分散型電源の周波数を周波数目標値f’に、電圧を電圧目標値V’に制御するようにした前記分散型発電装置。
In a distributed generator that can switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, and that supplies power to the demand facility,
A distributed power source that is voltage controlled as a voltage source during independent operation, is current controlled as a current source during grid operation, and supplies power to the power line;
A first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output by the distributed power source, is capable of controlling an operation state, and supplies power to the power line;
A controller for controlling an operating state of the distributed power source and the first current source;
A switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of independent operation and grid interconnection operation,
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets a frequency target value f ′ and a voltage target value V ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures an actual measurement frequency f and an actual measurement voltage V of the distributed power source, measures an actual measurement effective power P1 and an actual measurement reactive power Q1 of the first current source, and periodically captures measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the actually measured frequency f and the frequency target value f ′, the actually measured voltage V and the voltage target value V ′, and calculates the differences Δf = f′−f and ΔV = V′−V. ,
Based on the differences Δf and ΔV, the fluctuation amount ΔP and reactive power fluctuation amount ΔQ of the distributed power source are obtained, and the active power command value P1 + ΔP and reactive power command value Q1 + ΔQ are obtained from the control device to the first current source. The first current source changes the active power output by ΔP and the reactive power output by ΔQ according to the command value received from the control device, thereby reducing the active power of the distributed power source by −ΔP and the reactive power output. By changing the power by −ΔQ, the frequency of the distributed power source is changed to f + Δf, the voltage is changed to V + ΔV, the frequency of the distributed power source is controlled to the frequency target value f ′, and the voltage is controlled to the voltage target value V ′. The distributed power generator as described above.
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置において、
自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、
前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、
前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部と
を備え、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の電圧制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力目標値Q’及び力率目標値cosθ’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P若しくは無効電力Q及び実測力率cosθを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1若しくは無効電力Q1及び実測力率cosθ1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’を周期的に比較し、実測力率cosθと力率目標値cosθ’を周期的に比較して、差分ΔP=P’−P若しくはΔQ=Q’−Q 及び cosθ、cosθ’、P1、cosθ1に基づき、力率指令値cosθ1(指令)を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQ 及び cosθ1(指令)を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力若しくは無効電力出力を、P1−ΔP若しくはP1−ΔPに制御し、力率をcosθ1(指令)に制御することにより、
前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に、及び、力率を力率目標値cosθ’に制御するようにした前記分散型発電装置。
In a distributed generator that can switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, and that supplies power to the demand facility,
A distributed power source that is voltage controlled as a voltage source during independent operation, is current controlled as a current source during grid operation, and supplies power to the power line;
A first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output by the distributed power source, is capable of controlling an operation state, and supplies power to the power line;
A controller for controlling an operating state of the distributed power source and the first current source;
A switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of independent operation and grid interconnection operation,
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and performs voltage control of output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets an active power target value P ′ or a reactive power target value Q ′ and a power factor target value cos θ ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P or reactive power Q and the measured power factor cos θ of the distributed power source, and measures the measured effective power P1 or reactive power Q1 and the measured power factor cos θ1 of the first current source. , Periodically capture measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, and periodically compares the measured power factor cosθ and the power factor target value cosθ ′. Then, based on the difference ΔP = P′−P or ΔQ = Q′−Q and cos θ, cos θ ′, P1, cos θ1, the power factor command value cos θ1 (command) is calculated,
P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ and cos θ1 (command) are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
According to the command value received from the control device, the first current source controls the active power or reactive power output to P1-ΔP or P1-ΔP, and controls the power factor to cos θ1 (command) .
The distributed power generator configured to control the active power of the distributed power source to the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power to the reactive power target value Q ′, and the power factor to the power factor target value cos θ ′.
前記第1の電流源は、電力線へ出力する電力の力率を制御する力率調整部をさらに備え、
前記制御装置からの指令値に従い、前記力率調整部により力率を制御し、有効電力又は無効電力を制御することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。
The first current source further includes a power factor adjustment unit that controls a power factor of power output to the power line,
4. The distributed power generator according to claim 1, wherein a power factor is controlled by the power factor adjusting unit according to a command value from the control device to control active power or reactive power. 5.
前記制御装置は、
前記分散型電源の計測情報を周期的に取り込む第1の計測装置と、
前記第1の電流源の計測情報を周期的に取り込む第2の計測装置と、
予め目標値を設定しておく目標値設定部と、
前記計測装置からの計測情報と前記目標値設定部からの目標値とを周期的に比較し、指令値を演算及び送出する演算部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。
The controller is
A first measurement device that periodically captures measurement information of the distributed power source;
A second measurement device that periodically captures measurement information of the first current source;
A target value setting unit for setting a target value in advance;
A calculation unit that periodically compares measurement information from the measurement device with a target value from the target value setting unit, and calculates and sends a command value;
The distributed power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御できない、前記電力線に電力を供給する第2の電流源をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。   4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output by the distributed power source and that cannot control an operation state, and supplies power to the power line. The distributed power generator according to any one of the above. 需要設備が、次式のように負荷変動した場合、
P3→P3+ΔP3、Q3→Q3+ΔQ3
前記制御装置は、指令値として
P1+ΔP1 (ここで、ΔP1=ΔP3)、
Q1+ΔQ1 (ここで、ΔQ1=ΔQ3)
を出力し、
前記第1の電流源は、有効電力出力を P1+ΔP1、Q1+ΔQ1 に制御することにより、前記分散型電源の出力を、P、Q に維持するように制御することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。
ここに、
P :分散型電源の有効電力 Q :分散型電源の無効電力
P1:第1の電流源の有効電力 Q1:第1の電流源の無効電力
P3:負荷の有効電力 Q3:負荷の無効電力
When the demand equipment changes its load as
P3 → P3 + ΔP3, Q3 → Q3 + ΔQ3
The control device uses P1 + ΔP1 (where ΔP1 = ΔP3) as a command value,
Q1 + ΔQ1 (where ΔQ1 = ΔQ3)
Output
The first current source is controlled to maintain the output of the distributed power source at P and Q by controlling the active power output to P1 + ΔP1, Q1 + ΔQ1. The distributed power generator according to any one of the above.
here,
P: active power of distributed power source Q: reactive power of distributed power source P1: active power of first current source Q1: reactive power of first current source P3: active power of load Q3: reactive power of load
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御できない、前記電力線に電力を供給する第2の電流源をさらに備え、
前記第2の電流源が、次式のように出力変動した場合に、
P2→P2+ΔP2、Q2→Q2+ΔQ2
前記制御装置は、指令値として、
P1+ΔP1 (ここで、ΔP1=−ΔP2)、
Q1+ΔQ1 (ここで、ΔQ1=−ΔQ2)
を出力し、
前記第1の電流源は、有効電力出力を P1+ΔP1、Q1+ΔQ1 に制御することにより、前記分散型電源の出力を、P、Q に維持するように制御することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。
ここに、
P :分散型電源の有効電力 Q :分散型電源の無効電力
P1:第1の電流源の有効電力 Q1:第1の電流源の無効電力
P2:第2の電流源の有効電力 Q2:第2の電流源の無効電力
A second current source that is operated in synchronization with the voltage and frequency output by the distributed power source and cannot control the operation state, and that supplies power to the power line;
When the output of the second current source fluctuates as follows:
P2 → P2 + ΔP2, Q2 → Q2 + ΔQ2
As the command value, the control device
P1 + ΔP1 (where ΔP1 = −ΔP2),
Q1 + ΔQ1 (where ΔQ1 = −ΔQ2)
Output
The first current source is controlled to maintain the output of the distributed power source at P and Q by controlling the active power output to P1 + ΔP1, Q1 + ΔQ1. The distributed power generator according to any one of the above.
here,
P: active power of distributed power source Q: reactive power of distributed power source P1: active power of first current source Q1: reactive power of first current source P2: active power of second current source Q2: second Reactive power of current source
前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御できない、前記電力線に電力を供給する第2の電流源をさらに備え、
需要設備が、次式のように負荷変動した場合、
P3→P3+ΔP3、Q3→Q3+ΔQ3
及び/又は、
前記第2の電流源が、次式のように出力変動した場合に、
P2→P2+ΔP2、Q2→Q2+ΔQ2
前記制御装置は、指令値として
P1+ΔP1 (ここで、ΔP1=−ΔP2+ΔP3)、
Q1+ΔQ1 (ここで、ΔQ1=−ΔQ2+ΔQ3)
を出力し、
前記第1の電流源は、有効電力出力を P1+ΔP1、Q1+ΔQ1 に制御することにより、前記分散型電源の出力を、P、Q に維持するように制御することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。
ここに、
P :分散型電源の有効電力 Q :分散型電源の無効電力
P1:第1の電流源の有効電力 Q1:第1の電流源の無効電力
P2:第2の電流源の有効電力 Q2:第2の電流源の無効電力
P3:負荷の有効電力 Q3:負荷の無効電力
A second current source that is operated in synchronization with the voltage and frequency output by the distributed power source and cannot control the operation state, and that supplies power to the power line;
When the demand equipment changes its load as
P3 → P3 + ΔP3, Q3 → Q3 + ΔQ3
And / or
When the output of the second current source fluctuates as follows:
P2 → P2 + ΔP2, Q2 → Q2 + ΔQ2
The control device uses P1 + ΔP1 (where ΔP1 = −ΔP2 + ΔP3) as a command value,
Q1 + ΔQ1 (where ΔQ1 = −ΔQ2 + ΔQ3)
Output
The first current source is controlled to maintain the output of the distributed power source at P and Q by controlling the active power output to P1 + ΔP1, Q1 + ΔQ1. The distributed power generator according to any one of the above.
here,
P: active power of distributed power source Q: reactive power of distributed power source P1: active power of first current source Q1: reactive power of first current source P2: active power of second current source Q2: second Reactive power of current source P3: active power of load Q3: reactive power of load
前記切替制御部は、電力系統の障害検出、保守、切替指示に従い、前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置の機能を系統連系運転から自立運転に切替える指令を送出し、
自立運転時には、
前記分散型電源は、電圧源として機能するように切替えられ、GI(Grid Independent)モードで運転され、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の出力及び目標指令値にしたがい、前記第1の電流源へ出力値制御指令を送出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。
The switching control unit sends a command to switch the function of the distributed power source and the control device from grid interconnection operation to independent operation according to fault detection, maintenance, and switching instruction of the power system,
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched to function as a voltage source and is operated in a GI (Grid Independent) mode,
4. The distributed type according to claim 1, wherein the control device sends an output value control command to the first current source according to an output of the distributed power source and a target command value. 5. Power generation device.
前記分散型電源は、系統連系運転時には前記切替制御部の指令に従って電流源として機能するように切替えられ、GC(Grid Connect)モードで運転され、
前記制御装置は、系統連系運転時には前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源及び前記第2の電流源に、出力指令値を出力し、
前記分散型電源及び前記第1の電流源は、制御装置からの指令値に従った出力で運転を実行することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の分散型発電装置。
The distributed power source is switched to function as a current source in accordance with a command from the switching control unit during grid connection operation, and is operated in a GC (Grid Connect) mode.
The control device outputs an output command value to the distributed power source, the first current source and the second current source during grid connection operation,
4. The distributed power generator according to claim 1, wherein the distributed power source and the first current source execute an operation with an output according to a command value from a control device. 5.
前記制御装置は、力率指令値cosθ1(指令)を次式で求めることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の分散型発電装置。
力率指令値cosθ1(指令)
=cos(tan−1((P1(計測)×tanθ1(計測)−P’×tanθ’+P×tanθ)/(P1−ΔP))
The distributed power generator according to claim 3, wherein the control device obtains a power factor command value cosθ1 (command) by the following equation.
Power factor command value cos θ1 (command)
= Cos (tan −1 ((P1 (measurement) × tan θ1 (measurement) −P ′ × tan θ ′ + P × tan θ) / (P1−ΔP)))
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部とを備え、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置における電力品質維持制御方法において、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力目標値P’及び無効電力目標値Q’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P及び実測無効電力Qを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1及び実測無効電力Q1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’、実測無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分 ΔP=P’−P 及び ΔQ=Q’−Q を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP 及び Q1−ΔQ を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力を P1−ΔP、無効電力出力を Q1−ΔQ に制御する
ことにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’に、無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に制御するようにした前記電力品質維持制御方法。
It is possible to switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, voltage controlled operation as a voltage source during independent operation, current control operation as a current source during connected operation, and supplying power to the power line A distributed power source, a first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output from the distributed power source, can control an operation state, and supplies power to the power line, the distributed power source, A control device for controlling the operating state of the first current source, and a switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of self-sustained operation and grid-connected operation, and supplies power to the demand facility In the power quality maintenance control method in the distributed power generator
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets an active power target value P ′ and a reactive power target value Q ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P and the measured reactive power Q of the distributed power source, measures the measured effective power P1 and the measured reactive power Q1 of the first current source, and periodically captures measurement information. ,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′, the measured reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, respectively, and the differences ΔP = P′−P and ΔQ = Q′−. Q is calculated,
P1-ΔP and Q1-ΔQ are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
The first current source controls the active power output of the distributed power source to the active power target by controlling the active power output to P1-ΔP and the reactive power output to Q1-ΔQ according to the command value received from the control device. The power quality maintenance control method in which the reactive power is controlled to the reactive power target value Q ′ by the value P ′.
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部とを備え、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置における電力品質維持制御方法において、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の周波数目標値f’及び電圧目標値V’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測周波数f及び実測電圧Vを計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測周波数fと周波数目標値f’、実測電圧Vと電圧目標値V’をそれぞれ周期的に比較して、差分Δf=f’−f 及び ΔV=V’−Vを計算し、ΔV、Δfに基づき、前記分散型電源の有効電力の変動量ΔP、無効電力の変動量ΔQを求め、前記第1の電流源の有効電力指令値P1+ΔP、無効電力指令値Q1+ΔQを求め、前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に前記指令値を送り、前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力出力をΔP、無効電力出力ΔQの分変化させることにより、前記分散型電源の有効電力を−ΔP、無効電力を−ΔQ分変化させることにで、前記分散型電源の周波数をf+Δf、電圧をV+ΔVに変化させ、前記分散型電源の周波数を周波数目標値f’に、電圧を電圧目標値V’に制御するようにした前記電力品質維持制御方法。
It is possible to switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, voltage controlled operation as a voltage source during independent operation, current control operation as a current source during connected operation, and supplying power to the power line A distributed power source, a first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output from the distributed power source, can control an operation state, and supplies power to the power line, the distributed power source, A control device for controlling the operating state of the first current source, and a switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of self-sustained operation and grid-connected operation, and supplies power to the demand facility In the power quality maintenance control method in the distributed power generator
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets a frequency target value f ′ and a voltage target value V ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the actual measurement frequency f and the actual measurement voltage V of the distributed power source, periodically captures the measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the actually measured frequency f and the frequency target value f ′, the actually measured voltage V and the voltage target value V ′, and calculates the differences Δf = f′−f and ΔV = V′−V. , ΔV, Δf, the active power fluctuation amount ΔP and the reactive power fluctuation amount ΔQ of the distributed power source are obtained, the active current command value P1 + ΔP, the reactive power command value Q1 + ΔQ of the first current source are obtained, The controller sends the command value to the first current source, and the first current source changes the active power output by ΔP and reactive power output ΔQ according to the command value received from the controller. By changing the active power of the distributed power source by −ΔP and the reactive power by −ΔQ, the frequency of the distributed power source is changed to f + Δf and the voltage is changed to V + ΔV, and the frequency of the distributed power source is set to a frequency target value. Control the voltage to the voltage target value V ′ at f ′ The power quality maintenance control method was so that.
電力系統と分離した自立運転及び電力系統と接続した系統連系運転を切り替え可能で、自立運転時に電圧源として電圧制御運転され、連系運転時に電流源として電流制御運転され、電力線に電力を供給する分散型電源と、前記分散型電源が出力する電圧及び周波数に同期して運転され、運転状態を制御可能で、前記電力線に電力を供給する第1の電流源と、前記分散型電源、前記第1の電流源の運転状態を制御するための制御装置と、前記分散型電源及び前記制御装置を自立運転及び系統連系運転の機能に切り替える切替制御部とを備え、需要設備に電力を供給する分散型発電装置における電力品質維持制御方法において、
自立運転時に、
前記分散型電源は、前記切替制御部により電圧源として切り替えられ、前記電力線への出力電圧及び周波数の制御を行い、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の有効電力P’若しくは無効電力目標値Q’及び力率目標値cosθ’を設定し、
前記制御装置は、前記分散型電源の実測有効電力P若しくは無効電力Q及び実測力率cosθを計測し、前記第1の電流源の実測有効電力P1若しくは無効電力Q1及び実測力率cosθ1を計測し、周期的に計測情報を取り込み、
前記制御装置は、実測有効電力Pと有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力Qと無効電力目標値Q’を周期的に比較し、実測力率cosθと力率目標値cosθ’を周期的に比較して、差分ΔP=P’−P若しくはΔQ=Q’−Q及び cosθ、cosθ’、P1、cosθ1に基づき、力率指令値cosθ1(指令)を計算し、
前記制御装置から前記第1の電流源に P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQ 及び cosθ1(指令)を指令値として送り、
前記第1の電流源は、前記制御装置から受けた指令値に従い、有効電力若しくは無効電力出力を、P1−ΔP若しくはQ1−ΔQに制御し、力率をcosθ1(指令)に制御することにより、
前記分散型電源の有効電力を有効電力目標値P’若しくは無効電力を無効電力目標値Q’に、及び、力率を力率目標値cosθ’に制御するようにした前記電力品質維持制御方法。
It is possible to switch between independent operation separated from the power system and grid-connected operation connected to the power system, voltage controlled operation as a voltage source during independent operation, current control operation as a current source during connected operation, and supplying power to the power line A distributed power source, a first current source that is operated in synchronization with a voltage and a frequency output from the distributed power source, can control an operation state, and supplies power to the power line, the distributed power source, A control device for controlling the operating state of the first current source, and a switching control unit that switches the distributed power source and the control device to functions of self-sustained operation and grid-connected operation, and supplies power to the demand facility In the power quality maintenance control method in the distributed power generator
During autonomous operation,
The distributed power source is switched as a voltage source by the switching control unit, and controls output voltage and frequency to the power line,
The control device sets the active power P ′ or reactive power target value Q ′ and the power factor target value cos θ ′ of the distributed power source,
The control device measures the measured effective power P or reactive power Q and the measured power factor cos θ of the distributed power source, and measures the measured effective power P1 or reactive power Q1 and the measured power factor cos θ1 of the first current source. , Periodically capture measurement information,
The control device periodically compares the measured active power P and the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power Q and the reactive power target value Q ′, and periodically compares the measured power factor cosθ and the power factor target value cosθ ′. Then, based on the difference ΔP = P′−P or ΔQ = Q′−Q and cos θ, cos θ ′, P1, cos θ1, the power factor command value cos θ1 (command) is calculated,
P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ and cos θ1 (command) are sent as command values from the control device to the first current source,
According to the command value received from the control device, the first current source controls the active power or reactive power output to P1-ΔP or Q1-ΔQ, and controls the power factor to cos θ1 (command) .
The power quality maintenance control method in which the active power of the distributed power source is controlled to the active power target value P ′ or the reactive power to the reactive power target value Q ′, and the power factor to the power factor target value cos θ ′.
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