JP2008136447A - Method for producing feed composition - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to improve the rumen bypass property of a physiologically active substance, to reduce the elution to water, and to be coated with a highly nutritious material, and to be highly digestible and absorbable in the rumen, It is possible to provide a method for producing a feed composition capable of obtaining a cheaper feed composition.
[MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] 1 to 600 parts by weight of at least one member selected from protein feed, amino acids and vitamins, and 5 to 50 parts by weight of metal oxide and / or metal hydroxide with respect to 100 parts by weight of fatty acid and fatty acid. Are mixed and reacted using an extruder having at least a raw material supply zone, a kneading / reaction zone and a cooling zone, a feed composition obtained by the production method, and a feed composition. Contains livestock feed.
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Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed composition for use in feeds such as ruminants such as cows and cultured fish.

Conventionally, protein feed is often fed to livestock and farmed fish for the purpose of supplying energy, maintaining physical condition, accelerating body weight gain, promoting milk production, and improving meat quality. Moreover, since a specific protein raw material is used for these feeds, the amino acid composition contained in the feed may be shifted, so that there may be a shortage of amino acids necessary for the animal to be applied. In addition, there are purposes such as nutritional supplementation, promotion of utilization of nutritional components, and regulation of metabolic functions. Therefore, a simple amino acid or protein is added, and a method of supplementing easily deficient amino acids is taken. In addition, feeding vitamins to livestock and farmed fish has been often performed for the prevention of deficiency disorders and improvement of productivity.
In ruminants such as cattle, when protein feed, amino acids, and vitamins are orally administered as they are, they are altered and decomposed by microorganisms that coexist in the rumen, so that proteins, amino acids, vitamins, etc. should be absorbed naturally. Not only does it reach the subsequent digestive tract, but a large amount of harmful substances such as ammonia may be generated to harm the health of ruminants. Similarly, in the case of feed for cultured fish, there is a problem that hydrophilic proteins, amino acids and vitamins are dissolved in water, and the efficiency as feed is reduced. In addition, environmental pollution problems such as an increase in BOD may occur.

In order to solve such a problem, a method may be employed in which the feed is coated with a protective substance and pelletized to give rumen bypass or low elution to water.
As such a method, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a hardened plant fatty acid or straw wax as a protective substance, and as a treatment example, for example, DL-methionine, kaolin, stearic acid is used as a slurry, and this is subjected to a centrifugal extrusion device. Used and coated with hydrogenated vegetable fat. Patent Document 2 proposes a method for imparting rumen bypass properties by coating with aminocelluloses or metal hydroxides. In addition to this, as a method for imparting rumen bypass properties, Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which the composition is changed in various ways, melt-mixed with high melting point oils and fatty acids or fatty acid salts, and granulated after cooling. Further, Patent Document 4 and the like propose a method of coating with a protein feed or amino acid in the production process of a fatty acid metal salt.
However, simply coating protein feed and amino acids as in the past is not sufficient to suppress rumen bypass and elution into water, and the method of coating with a protective substance does not serve as a nutrient source. Problems such as poor degradability and digestibility after the fourth stomach, complicated operation and time for coating, and inferior productivity due to inability to continuously produce products. There was also.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-12785 JP 59-198946 A JP 63-313546 A JP-A-9-299038

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the rumen bypass property of the physiologically active substance, reduce the elution to water, and can be coated with a highly nutritious material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a feed composition that can obtain a cheaper feed composition that is highly digestible and absorbable.

  In the present invention, 1 to 600 parts by weight of at least one selected from protein feed, amino acids and vitamins, and 5 to 50 parts by weight of metal oxide and / or metal hydroxide with respect to 100 parts by weight of fatty acid and fatty acid Are mixed and reacted using an extruder having at least a raw material supply zone, a kneading / reaction zone and a cooling zone, a feed composition obtained by the production method, and a feed composition. Contains livestock feed.

  By feeding a ruminant with a feed composition obtained by the production method of the present invention, it is excellent in rumen bypass, and can be efficiently fed because elution into water is also suppressed for cultured fish, Furthermore, it can be coated with a material having high nutritional value, and a feed composition having high digestibility and absorption in the rumen can be provided. Moreover, a cheaper feed composition can be obtained by continuous production.

In the present invention, 1 to 600 parts by weight of at least one selected from protein feed, amino acids and vitamins, and 5 to 50 parts by weight of metal oxide and / or metal hydroxide with respect to 100 parts by weight of fatty acid and fatty acid Are mixed and reacted using an extruder having at least a raw material supply zone, a kneading / reaction zone, and a cooling zone.
The extruder that performs the above mixing and reaction is a type of pressure extruder, and is the same as that of a single-shaft type in which a single screw is inserted in a cylinder, and in a cylinder having an 8-shaped cross section. A two-axis type in which two screws rotating in one direction or different directions are inserted can be used. In particular, in the present invention, a biaxial type is preferably used from the viewpoint of kneading ability. The screw of this biaxial extruder is usually designed to be appropriately combined with a plurality of parts that can perform operations such as feeding, reverse (reverse) and kneading. What combined these components suitably can be used. In the present invention, “mixing” in the extruder refers to “mixing and / or kneading”.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an example of an extruder that can be used in the production method of the present invention. The cylindrical portion of the extruder that can be used in the present invention is divided into a plurality of barrels corresponding to, for example, the raw material supply zone A, the kneading / reaction zone B, the cooling zone C, and the like. The jackets 2, 3, and 4 are equipped, and it is possible to adopt specifications that allow both heating and cooling so that each barrel can be adapted to any of the above bands.
By using such an extruder as described above, it has become possible to carry out rumen bypassing of a physiologically active substance involving a reaction step of a fatty acid metal salt, which could not be achieved by conventional techniques, in a continuous manner in a short time.

  In the present invention, using the above-described extruder, 100 parts by weight of a fatty acid, 1 to 600 parts by weight of at least one selected from protein feed, amino acids and vitamins, and 5 to 5 metal oxides and / or metal hydroxides. 50 parts by weight are mixed and reacted. By such a method, it is possible to coat the surface of protein feed, amino acids, vitamins, etc., which are easily decomposed by rumen microorganisms and easily dissolved in water, and then reacted with metal ions to form a fatty acid salt. By doing so, attack of rumen microorganisms and elution into water can be suppressed.

  Examples of fatty acids used in the present invention include animal oils such as beef tallow, pork tallow, chicken oil, fish oil, corn oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, borage oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, sunflower Fatty acids obtained by hydrolyzing one or more selected from oils and fats derived from vegetable oils such as linseed oil, or distillates thereof, and simple substances such as stearic acid and oleic acid Any of the fatty acids can be used, but corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, because it is available in large quantities as livestock feed, and the use of animal oils for ruminants is avoided due to the effects of BSE, Fatty acids obtained by hydrolyzing vegetable oils such as palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil and linseed oil or distillates thereof are preferred.

  The protein feed used in the present invention may be any protein feed as long as it exhibits any of biological activities such as energy supply, physical condition maintenance, weight gain, milk quality improvement, milk protein improvement, and milk production promotion. Any of these can be used. Examples include soybean meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, flaxseed meal, corn gluten meal, defatted soybean, full fat soybean, rapeseed meal, casein, whey protein, and defatted milk powder. These protein feeds are used in the range of 1 to 600 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of fatty acid, preferably in the range of 5 to 500 parts by weight. If it is in the said range, it is sufficient as nutritional value, and the coating by a fatty acid salt is enough, and can implement | achieve the outstanding lumen bypass property or the low elution property with respect to water.

  Examples of amino acids used in the present invention include lysine, methionine, glutamic acid, valine, leucine, tryptophan and the like used in general feeds, and lysine and methionine are preferred as limiting amino acids for livestock. The amount of amino acids used is in the range of 1 to 600 parts by weight, preferably in the range of 5 to 500 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of fatty acid. If it is in the said range, the effect as a nutrient of an amino acid will be acquired, and coating will also be sufficient, and it can implement | achieve the excellent lumen bypass property or the low elution property with respect to water.

  Examples of vitamins used in the present invention include ascorbic acid, niacin, choline, riboflavin, vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin E, pantothenic acid and the like used in general feeds. Ascorbic acid, niacin, choline, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and the like, which are water-soluble vitamins, are preferable from the viewpoint of their insolubility. The amount of vitamins used is in the range of 1 to 600 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of fatty acid, preferably in the range of 5 to 500 parts by weight. If it is in the above-mentioned range, the effect of vitamins as nutrients is sufficient, and the coating is also sufficient, so that excellent lumen bypass properties or low elution properties with respect to water can be realized.

The metal oxide and / or metal hydroxide in the present invention is one or more selected from metal oxides such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the like. Is used.
For the production of the fatty acid salt, an oily fatty acid and a solid metal oxide or metal hydroxide are preferably used, and the fatty acid salt is obtained by the reaction of these two. Therefore, considering that sufficient stirring and mixing are required for the reaction, the metal oxide or metal hydroxide having a fine powder form is preferably used. The amount used is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of fatty acid, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 40.

  According to FIG. 1, the production method of the present invention includes, for example, at least one selected from 100 parts by weight of fatty acid, 5 to 50 parts by weight of metal oxide or metal hydroxide, protein feed, amino acids and vitamins. 1 to 600 parts by weight of the seeds are mixed and reacted using the extruder. At this time, the respective raw materials are appropriately introduced into the raw material supply port 1 of the raw material supply zone A of the extruder, and these are kneaded and reacted. In the zone B, a fatty acid salt is obtained by mixing and reacting, and at least one selected from protein feed, amino acids and vitamins is coated with the fatty acid salt obtained above, and in the cooling zone C, it becomes a hardness that can be pulverized. This can be done by cooling to temperature.

The mixing needs to be performed at least in the kneading / reaction zone, but is preferably performed also in the raw material supply zone and / or the cooling zone in order to promote the reaction more efficiently.
In addition, the screw in the kneading / reaction zone can be appropriately combined with a plurality of parts capable of performing operations such as feeding, reverse (reverse) and kneading (kneading) as described above. The residence time of the reactants in the reaction zone and the degree of mixing can be adjusted as appropriate.

  In the production method of the present invention, the temperature of the raw material supply zone is preferably 10 to 100 ° C., more preferably 20 to 80 ° C., in view of the melting point of the raw material fatty acid used, and the temperature of the kneading / reaction zone is more From the point of proceeding the reaction efficiently, the temperature is preferably 80 to 350 ° C., more preferably 100 to 250 ° C., and the temperature in the cooling zone is preferably −20 to 5 in order to quickly cool the product to solidify. It can be carried out at ℃, more preferably -20 to 0 ℃. If it is within the above-mentioned temperature range in each zone, the intended effect of the present invention can be sufficiently obtained.

The reaction time in the extruder can be appropriately set according to the purpose, but in order to achieve the object of the present invention, for example, it is preferably 5 to 120 seconds, and more preferably 10 to 100 seconds. Such a reaction time can be achieved by allowing the reactants to stay in the kneading / reaction zone for the above-mentioned time.
The feed composition thus obtained can be used in the form of granules or powder, but it may be compressed as a pellet by adding a small amount of a binder. It is also possible to manufacture while forming by providing a molding zone at the end of the extruder.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Examples 1-6
A feed was prepared with the formulation shown in Table 1. That is, palm oil fatty acid, calcium hydroxide, protein feed or amino acids, and vitamins dissolved at 60 ° C. with heating are separately added to a biaxial extruder (EA-100 manufactured by Suehiro EPM Co., Ltd., production capacity 250 kg / hr). ) To the raw material supply zone, and the above raw materials were mixed and the reaction between fatty acid and calcium hydroxide was carried out. The production conditions for the biaxial extruder are shown in Table 1. The temperature of each band of the extruder is a set value. Samples 1 to 6 were prepared by granulating the obtained feed composition with a grinder.

Examples 7-12
Feed was prepared at the ratio shown in Table 2. That is, the raw material of fatty acid, magnesium hydroxide or calcium oxide, protein feed or amino acids dissolved at 60 ° C. by heating separately (EA-100 manufactured by Suehiro EPM, production capacity 250 kg / hr) It put into the supply zone and knead | mixed protein feed or amino acids, and reaction of the fatty acid metal salt. The production conditions for the biaxial extruder are shown in Table 2. The temperature of each band of the extruder is a set value. Samples 7 to 12 were prepared by granulating the obtained feed composition with a grinder.

Comparative Examples 1-3
Feed was prepared with the formulation shown in Table 3 by the wet direct method. That is, first, 500 kg of water, calcium hydroxide, protein feed and amino acids were added and uniformly dispersed in a 1000 L reaction kettle with a stirrer and a jacket. The dispersion is heated to 60 ° C., then heated to 60 ° C. in advance, and a fatty acid in which a surfactant, protein feed or amino acids are dissolved or dispersed is dropped over about 30 minutes, and then about 1 hour. The aging reaction was carried out. After 1 hour, the reaction product having a water content of about 70% was obtained by filtering about 6 times using a pressure filter. Samples 13 to 15 were prepared by granulating the feed composition obtained by drying this with continuous hot air drying using a grinder.

Comparative Examples 4 and 5
A feed was prepared with the formulation shown in Table 4 by the dry direct method. That is, add a fatty acid, surfactant, protein feed or vitamins to a 1000 L reaction kettle with a stirrer and jacket, stir well and warm to 80 ° C., then add calcium oxide and stir well, then add water. Stir well and stop stirring before the reaction started and solidified. The solid content obtained after being allowed to stand for about 1 hour was prepared by drying with a continuous hot air dryer. Samples 16 and 17 were obtained by granulating the obtained feed composition with a grinder.

Comparative Examples 6-8
Feed was prepared with the formulation shown in Table 5 by the dry direct method. That is, fatty acid, calcium oxide, protein feed or amino acids, and 20 kg / hr of water that have been preliminarily heated to 60 ° C. after being dissolved in a surfactant are put into a continuous mixer, and after a few seconds, the mixture that has come out from the mixer outlet is conveyed to the conveyor. And reacted while moving on a conveyor. Samples 18 to 20 were obtained by granulating the reaction product obtained by leaving it on the conveyor for 1 hour while using a pulverizer. Since the sample 20 had the reaction delay on the conveyor and the cooling solidification delay resulting from using the soybean oil fatty acid, manufacturing efficiency fell.

Comparative Examples 9 and 10
Each compounded as shown in Table 6 was synthesized by the following method. In other words, pre-synthesized palm oil fatty acid calcium, protein feed, and binder were added to a bench kneader, and finally 5 kg of water was added and kneaded for 1 hour while maintaining a temperature of 70 ° C. What was obtained using the extruder which has a screen was dried with the continuous hot air dryer. These were designated as Samples 21 and 22, respectively.

Comparative Examples 11 and 12
Each compounded as shown in Table 7 was synthesized by the following method. In other words, hydrogenated palm oil, protein feed, vitamins, and surfactant are added to a bench kneader, and finally 50 parts by weight of water is added and kneaded for 1 hour while maintaining a temperature of 70 ° C., and then an opening of 0.9 mmφ What was obtained using the extruder which has the following screen was dried at 80 degreeC for 3 hours. These were designated as Samples 23 and 24, respectively.

Comparative Examples 13 and 14
Each compounded as shown in Table 8 was synthesized by the following method. That is, amino acids or vitamins were charged into a fluid coating apparatus as a core material, and coated by cooling with cold air while spraying a hardened palm oil and surfactant mixture heated to 70 ° C. onto the core material. These were designated as Samples 25 and 26, respectively.

  Productivity per day was calculated from the required time, production amount, and yield (%) required for producing Samples 1 to 26, and are shown in Table 9 and Table 10. The productivity of Samples 1-12 was superior to Samples 13-26.

The dissolution test was carried out by the following method using each of the dissolution test samples 1 to 26 in IN VITRO . First, samples 1-3, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, and 23, in which protein feeds are mixed for each sample, are used to determine the nitrogen content by Kjeldahl method, amino acids and vitamins, respectively. Samples 4 to 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 17, 20, and 24 to 26, in which the same species were mixed, each obtained the target amino acid and vitamin (all assumed to be A) by high performance liquid chromatography. Next, 5 g of each sample is immersed in 200 mL of distilled water, shaken at 39 ° C. for 12 hours, filtered through a filter cloth (300 mesh), and the nitrogen or amino acid and vitamin content (B) remaining in the filter residue are the same. Asked. The elution rate was calculated from the following formula.
Elution rate (%) = (A−B) / A * 100
The results are shown in Table 11.

以上の結果から試料１〜１２は試料１３〜２６に比べ溶出率が低くなっており、水に対する低溶出性が付与された飼料であることが判った。

From the above results, it was found that Samples 1 to 12 had a lower dissolution rate than Samples 13 to 26, and were feeds with a low dissolution property for water.

Lumen bypass property test with fistula cattle Using five fistula-fitted Holsteins, the lumen bypass rate of samples 1 to 26 was tested. First, nitrogen, amino acid, and vitamin content (A) of each sample were determined. Samples 1 to 26 were then placed in a 5 g nylon bag (300 mesh) for each of 5 fistula-equipped Holsteins pre-bred with a commercial feed equivalent to 2% of body weight in advance. After 12 hours of immersion in the rumen, the nylon bag was taken out of the lumen and dried at 120 ° C., and the nitrogen, amino acid, and vitamin content (B) in the residue were determined. The bypass rate was calculated by the following formula.
Bypass rate (%) = B / A * 100
A total of 5 tests were performed using 5 of each sample, and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 12.

以上の結果から試料１〜１２は試料１３〜２６に比べバイパス率が高くなっており、反芻動物に於いて効率的な飼料組成物であることが判った。

From the above results, it was found that Samples 1 to 12 had a higher bypass rate than Samples 13 to 26, and were efficient feed compositions in ruminants.

  By feeding the ruminant with the feed composition obtained by the production method of the present invention, it is excellent in rumen bypass property, and can be efficiently fed because elution into water is suppressed even for cultured fish. Therefore, it can be suitably used for ruminants such as cattle and feed such as farmed fish.

Sectional drawing of an example of the extruder which can be used for the manufacturing method of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

A ··· Raw material supply zone B ··· Kneading and reaction zone C ··· Cooling zone 1 ··· Raw material supply ports 2, 3, 4, · · · Outer jacket

Claims (6)

  At least 1 to 600 parts by weight selected from protein feed, amino acids and vitamins, and 5 to 50 parts by weight of a metal oxide and / or metal hydroxide with respect to 100 parts by weight of the fatty acid and the fatty acid, A method for producing a feed composition comprising mixing and reacting using an extruder having a raw material supply zone, a kneading / reaction zone and a cooling zone.   The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the raw material supply zone of the extruder is 10 to 100 ° C, the temperature of the kneading / reaction zone is 80 to 350 ° C, and the temperature of the cooling zone is -20 to 5 ° C.   The manufacturing method of Claim 1 or 2 whose melting | fusing point of a fatty acid exists in the range of -50-70 degreeC.   The manufacturing method in any one of Claims 1-3 whose metal oxide and metal hydroxide are the oxides or hydroxides of calcium or magnesium, respectively.   The feed composition obtained by the manufacturing method in any one of Claims 1-4.   Livestock feed comprising the feed composition according to claim 5.

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