JP2008114307A - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine tool that can reduce the number of machining operations and the number of tool exchanges as much as possible, and can improve machining efficiency with a single machine.
SOLUTION: A bed 3, a plurality of columns 7a, 7b provided on the bed 3 so as to be individually movable, and a machining head 19a, which is provided on the columns 7a, 7b so as to be movable and to which a machining tool can be attached. 19b and a table 4 provided on the bed 3 and supporting the workpiece 2, the machining head 19b of at least one of the columns 7a and 7b includes a plurality of machining tools. The multi-axis tool head 36 with 5 is attached.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool in which a plurality of columns each having a spindle on which a machining tool can be attached and detached is provided on a bed, and more particularly to a machine tool improved to increase machining efficiency.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known a machine tool provided with a plurality of columns each provided with a spindle for detachably mounting a plurality of tools on a workpiece requiring various complicated machining (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

The machine tool disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes two spindle stocks (columns) supported on a support body so as to be movable independently of each other along the height direction and the longitudinal direction thereof. Has a single work table.
JP 2000-84787 A

  However, in the machine tool disclosed in Patent Document 1, the column is provided with a single spindle, and a workpiece that requires a large number of machining must be machined separately for each machining location. In other words, a lot of processing time is required and the processing efficiency is lowered.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problem, and can reduce the number of machining operations and the number of tool exchanges as much as possible, and can increase the machining efficiency with a single machine. It is an issue to provide.

  The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-described problem is a bed, a plurality of columns provided on the bed so as to be individually movable, and provided on the column so as to be movable, to which a processing tool can be attached. A machine tool comprising a machining head and a table provided on the bed and supporting a workpiece, wherein the machining head of at least one column of the plurality of columns includes a plurality of machining tools. A machine tool to which a tool head is attached.

  According to the above-described configuration, it is possible to perform a large amount of machining at once on a workpiece that requires machining at many locations, and the number of times of machining and the number of tool changes can be reduced as much as possible, so that the machining time can be shortened. It becomes possible, and processing efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, since a large number of machining can be performed with one machine tool, the space of the machining line can be reduced.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the machining head of at least one of the plurality of columns has a spindle on which a machining tool can be attached and detached, and a tool magazine is provided corresponding to each of the columns having the spindle. The machine tool according to claim 1.

  According to the above configuration, by providing a spindle and a tool magazine on which a machining tool can be attached and detached, multiple types of machining (for example, tapping after drilling with a drill, etc.) are required for the same part of the workpiece to be machined. By performing machining with a column that allows tool replacement at a certain point, the width of machining with a single machine tool is widened, and the machining time can be further shortened.

  The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that an angle head as a processing tool can be attached to and detached from a processing head of a column having a main shaft to which the processing tool can be attached and detached. It is.

  According to the above configuration, at least a large number of tools of the multi-axis tool head and the angle head can be used simultaneously with one machine tool, and a plurality of surfaces of the workpiece (for example, two surfaces of the rear surface and the side surface) can be used. Since it can process simultaneously, processing time can further be shortened.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of times of machining and the number of tool exchanges as much as possible, and exhibit an excellent effect that the machining efficiency can be increased with one machine.

  The best mode of a machine tool according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 is a front view showing the best embodiment of the machine tool according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view showing the best embodiment of the machine tool according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view of the machine tool according to the present invention. It is the top view which showed the best embodiment.

  First, the configuration of the machine tool according to the present embodiment will be described.

  In the present embodiment, a horizontal machining center having two columns will be described as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same applies to a vertical machining center. is there. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the surface on which the work is arranged in front of the column is the front, the left-right direction (work transfer direction) when viewed from the front is the X axis, and the front-rear direction The (front and back direction of the paper) is the Z axis, and the vertical direction is the Y axis.

  A machine tool 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. On the bed 3, a table 4, a column 7 a having a machining head 18 having a spindle 6 on which a machining tool (hereinafter simply referred to as “tool”) 5 is detachably mounted, and a plurality of tools 5 are provided. A multi-axis column 7b (hereinafter simply referred to as “column 7b” in some cases) provided with a machining head 19 to which the multi-axis tool head 36 is attached is provided. Further, the machine tool 1 includes an X-axis moving mechanism 10 that moves the machining heads 18 and 19 with respect to the workpiece 2 along the column 7a (or the multi-axis column 7b) in the left-right direction in FIG. And a Z-axis moving mechanism 20 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) to be moved to Y and a machining head 18 and 19 are moved relative to the workpiece 2 in the vertical direction of FIG. 1 with respect to the column 7a (or multi-axis column 7b). A shaft moving mechanism 30 is provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the table 4 is disposed on the bed 3 in front of the column 7 (front side in FIG. 1). The table 4 is provided with a holding mechanism (not shown) for holding the work 2 and is fixed when the work 2 is processed. A hopper-shaped inclined surface 9 is formed around the table 4, and is configured to collect chips during processing and discharge them downward.

  Behind the table 4 are a column 7a and a multi-axis column 7b. The two columns 7a and 7b are arranged side by side along the X-axis direction. The column 7 a is provided with an X-axis saddle 16, a Z-axis saddle 17 provided on the X-axis saddle 16 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a front surface of the Z-axis saddle 17 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis saddle 38 and the machining head 18 provided on the Y-axis saddle 38 are provided. The machining head 18 is provided so as to extend forward in the horizontal direction along the Z axis, and the main shaft 6 is rotatably provided in front of the machining head 18. A spindle motor (not shown) that rotates the spindle 6 is provided behind the machining head 18. The multi-axis column 7b includes a machining head 19 to which a multi-axis tool head 36 can be attached instead of the machining head 18 provided with the main shaft 6 of the column 7a.

  In FIG. 1, the main shaft 6 of the left column 7 a is configured so that the tool 5 can be attached and detached. For example, the nominal diameter of the main shaft 6 is # 40. The shape of the main shaft 6 is an example, and the shape of the main shaft end is not limited to the tapered shape, and may be another shape such as a straight shape, and the main shaft 6 portion is configured to be replaceable. , BT, KM, HSK, etc., various tool gripping part shapes can be supported. Of course, other dimensions such as # 30 and # 50 may be adopted as the nominal diameter of the main shaft 6.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, an X-axis moving mechanism 10 is provided below the X-axis saddle 16 to move the columns 7a and 7b in the X-axis direction. The X-axis moving mechanism 10 rotates a pair of ball screws 11, 11 arranged parallel to each other in the X-axis direction, nuts 12, 12 screwed into the ball screws 11, 11, and the ball screws 11, 11. Drive motors 13 and 13, and X-axis guides 14 and 14 arranged in parallel with the ball screws 11 and 11. End portions of the ball screws 11 and 11 are fixed to be rotatable integrally with output shafts of the drive motors 13 and 13 by couplings (not shown), respectively. The nuts 12 and 12 are screwed into the ball screws 11 and 11 respectively, and are fixed to the X-axis saddles 16 and 16 of the two columns 7a and 7b, respectively. Therefore, when one ball screw 11 is rotated by driving one drive motor 13, one nut 12 is rotated along with the one column 7a (7b) in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the ball screw 11. Moving. At this time, the X-axis saddle 16 of the column 7a (7b) is movably supported by the linear X-axis guides 14 and 14 arranged in parallel with the ball screw 11, so that it is guided smoothly in the moving direction. Moving. As the columns 7a and 7b are individually moved in this way, the machining heads 18 and 19 are also individually moved in the X-axis direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2, Z-axis moving mechanisms 20 and 20 for moving the Z-axis saddles 17 in the Z-axis direction are provided on the X-axis saddles 16 of the columns 7a and 7b (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Are provided. The Z-axis moving mechanism 20 includes a ball screw 21 that extends in the Z-axis direction, a nut 22 that is screwed into the ball screw 21, a drive motor 23 that rotates the ball screw 21, and a parallel to the ball screw 21. Z-axis guides 24 and 24 are provided. The ball screw 21 is fixed to the lower part of the Z-axis saddle 17, and this ball screw 21 is connected to a drive motor 23 via a coupling (not shown). The nut 22 is screwed into the ball screw 21 and is fixed to the upper portion of the X-axis saddle 16. Therefore, when the ball screw 21 is rotated by driving the drive motor 23, the ball screw 21 is moved in the Z-axis direction together with the Z-axis saddle 17 along with the rotation. At this time, the Z-axis saddle 17 is supported by the linear Z-axis guides 24, 24 arranged in parallel with the ball screw 21, so that the Z-axis saddle 17 is guided in the moving direction and moves smoothly. As the Z-axis saddle 17 moves in this way, the machining heads 18 and 19 also move in the Z-axis direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at the front of the Z-axis saddle 17, a Y-axis movement is made to move the machining heads 18 and 19 provided with the main shaft 6 in the front of the interior in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). Mechanisms 30, 30 are provided. The Y-axis moving mechanism 30 includes a ball screw 31 that extends in the Y-axis direction, a nut 32 that engages with the ball screw 31, a drive motor 33 that rotates the ball screw 31, and a parallel to the ball screw 31. The Y-axis guides 34 and 34 are provided. The ball screw 31 is connected to the drive motor 33 via a coupling (not shown). The Y-axis saddle 38 is fixed to the machining heads 18 and 19. The nut 32 is screwed into the ball screw 31 and is fixed to the Y-axis saddle 38. Therefore, when the ball screw 31 is rotated by driving the drive motor 33, the nut 32 moves in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) of the ball screw 31 together with the Y-axis saddle 38 along with the rotation. At this time, the Y-axis saddle 38 is supported by the linear Y-axis guides 34, 34 arranged in parallel with the ball screw 31, so that the Y-axis saddle 38 is guided in the moving direction and moves smoothly. As the Y-axis saddle 38 moves in this way, the machining heads 18 and 19 also move in the Y-axis direction.

  In this embodiment, the X-axis moving mechanism 10, the Z-axis moving mechanism 20, and the Y-axis moving mechanism 30 guide the feed mechanism of the nuts 12, 22, and 32 by the ball screws 11, 21, 31, and the movable part. The X-axis guide 14, the Z-axis guide 24, and the Y-axis guide 34 are combined. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a moving mechanism using a hydraulic mechanism or a linear motor can also be employed.

  In the present embodiment, the machine tool 1 including the moving mechanisms 10, 20, and 30 that move in three orthogonal axes is described. However, the machine tool 1 is not limited to three axes, and includes at least three axes. Needless to say, in addition to the moving mechanism that moves in the three orthogonal directions, the table 4 may be rotated, or the heads 19 and 19 may be provided with a swing mechanism.

  A tool magazine 8 is provided corresponding to a column 7a provided with a machining head 18 having a spindle 6 to which a tool 5 can be attached and detached. The tool magazine 8 accommodates a plurality of tools 5 and selects an arbitrary tool 5 to be supplied to the column 7. The tool magazine 8 is provided for each column 7a provided with a spindle 6 capable of exchanging the tool 5, and a plurality of columns 7a provided with the spindle 6 capable of exchanging the tool 5 are provided. In such a case, a plurality of tool magazines 8 are also provided.

  The tool magazine 8 is attached to a frame 37 provided on the bed 3 and is disposed above the front portion of the column 7a, and accommodates a processing tool 5 used in the column 7a.

  The tool magazine 8 is provided with a pair of sprockets 25, 25 arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction, an endless chain 26 spanned between the sprockets 25, 25, and a plurality of tool magazines 8 provided on the outer peripheral side of the endless chain 26. .. Are provided. One (upper in this embodiment) sprocket 25 is provided with a drive motor 28 (see FIG. 2). By rotating the sprocket 25, the endless chain 26 and the tool gripping portions 27, 27, 27,. Is configured to move the desired tool to the tool change position 29 (the lower end of the tool magazine 8). Thus, since the tool magazine 8 is formed to extend in the vertical direction, a space in the horizontal direction can be saved.

  In the present embodiment, the tool magazine 8 is a chain type, but is not limited thereto. For example, other methods such as a disk type may be used, and are set appropriately in consideration of the shape and quantity of tools to be accommodated, space efficiency, and the like.

  When exchanging the tool 5, the column 7 is appropriately moved to move the spindle 6 to the tool exchanging position 29 at the lower part of the tool magazine 8, and the used tool is transferred to the empty tool gripping portion 27 and gripped. Thereafter, the tool gripper 27 that grips the desired tool is moved to the tool change position 29 and mounted on the spindle 6. The operations of these parts are appropriately commanded in accordance with the machining process of the workpiece 2 by a control program stored in a control unit (not shown).

  Here, various tools 5 are accommodated in the tool magazine 8. Specifically, tools 5, such as a milling cutter, a drill, a tap, and an end mill, are gripped by the tool gripping portions 27, 27, 27.

  In this embodiment, an angle head 5 a (see FIGS. 2 and 3) is used as the tool 5. The angle head 5a is detachably attached to the main shaft 6 of the column 7a. The angle head 5 a is provided in a direction in which a processing portion such as a drill intersects the main shaft 6, and can process the side surface of the workpiece 2. The angle head 5a is configured such that a tip end portion thereof is rotatable, and an intersecting angle with the main shaft 6 of the processing portion can be adjusted. Of course, the angle head 5 a can be accommodated in the tool magazine 8 and can be exchanged with other tools 5 like other tools.

  The multi-axis tool head 36 attached to the machining head 19 provided in the multi-axis column 7b has a plurality of main shafts in one head body, each of which is equipped with a tool 5, Many processes can be performed at once. The mounting position and type of the tool 5 are appropriately designed and manufactured according to the shape of the workpiece 2 to be processed. The drive motor that operates the multi-axis tool head 36 has a large capacity according to the machining torque of the multi-axis tool head 36.

  In the present embodiment, the multi-axis tool head 36 is a fixed type with respect to the machining head 19, but an exchange mechanism may be separately provided by using a replaceable type multi-axis tool head.

  According to the machine tool 1 having such a configuration, the machining head 19 of at least one column 7b among the plurality of columns 7a, 7b is attached with the multi-axis tool head 36 including the plurality of tools 5. It is possible to perform a large amount of machining at once on the workpiece 2 that requires machining at a large number of places, and the number of machining operations and the number of tool exchanges can be reduced as much as possible. Therefore, the processing time can be greatly shortened, and the processing efficiency can be increased. Furthermore, since a large number of machining can be performed with one machine tool 1, the number of required machine tools can be reduced, the number of machine tools in the machining line can be reduced, and the cost of equipment can be greatly reduced. Space saving can be achieved.

  Further, by providing the spindle 6 and the tool magazine 8 to which the machining tool can be attached and detached, a plurality of types of machining (for example, tapping after drilling with a drill, etc.) are required for the same part of the workpiece 2 to be machined. The part can be processed by a column 7a that allows tool change. Therefore, the range of types that can be processed by a single machine tool 1 is widened, and the processing time can be further shortened.

  In particular, if the angle head 5a is mounted on the main axis of the column 7a, a plurality of surfaces of the workpiece 2 can be processed simultaneously from different directions, so that the processing efficiency can be further increased. In addition, since both the columns are provided with the multi-axis tool head 36, more machining can be performed simultaneously by one machine tool 1, so that the machining cycle time can be shortened and the machining line can be reduced. The number of machine tools can be reduced, and a significant cost reduction and space saving can be achieved.

  Although the best mode for carrying out the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed in design without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, two columns 7a and 7b are provided, but a configuration in which a larger number of columns are provided may be employed.

It is the front view which showed the best embodiment of the machine tool which concerns on this invention. [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] It is the side view which showed the best embodiment of the machine tool based on this invention. 1 is a plan view showing a best embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 2 Work piece 3 Bed 5 Tool 5a Angle head 6 Spindle 7a Column 7b Multi-axis column 8 Tool magazine 18 Processing head 19 Processing head 36 Multi-axis tool head

Claims (3)

A bed, and a plurality of columns provided individually movable on the bed;
A machining head provided movably on the column and capable of attaching a machining tool;
In a machine tool provided with a table provided on the bed and supporting a workpiece,
A machine tool having a plurality of machining tools attached to a machining head of at least one of the plurality of columns. A machining head of at least one column of the plurality of columns has a spindle on which a machining tool can be attached and detached,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a tool magazine is provided corresponding to each of the columns having the main shaft. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein an angle head as a processing tool is made detachable with respect to a column processing head having a spindle on which the processing tool can be attached and detached.

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