JP2008106015A - Novel phenanthroline derivative, lithium complex thereof, electron transport material using the same, electron injection material, and organic EL device - Google Patents
Novel phenanthroline derivative, lithium complex thereof, electron transport material using the same, electron injection material, and organic EL device Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008106015A JP2008106015A JP2006292032A JP2006292032A JP2008106015A JP 2008106015 A JP2008106015 A JP 2008106015A JP 2006292032 A JP2006292032 A JP 2006292032A JP 2006292032 A JP2006292032 A JP 2006292032A JP 2008106015 A JP2008106015 A JP 2008106015A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-1-yl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C12=CC=CN=C2C2=NC=CC=C2C2=C1NC(C=1C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=1)=N2 NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000005412 pyrazyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000005495 pyridazyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 abstract description 51
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 143
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 38
- 229910013856 LiPb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
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- -1 alkali metal metal complex Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- NSABRUJKERBGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+);2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir+3].[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 NSABRUJKERBGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 0 C*C1=CC(C)(*)C=CN=C1C([C@](C=C*)C=C1)N=C1C(NC)=C(C=C[C@](C)(*)C=C*)O Chemical compound C*C1=CC(C)(*)C=CN=C1C([C@](C=C*)C=C1)N=C1C(NC)=C(C=C[C@](C)(*)C=C*)O 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FQHFBFXXYOQXMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 FQHFBFXXYOQXMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFNKDFPFGYHAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound Oc1ccccc1-c1ccc2ccc3cccnc3c2n1 UFNKDFPFGYHAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JECYUBVRTQDVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetylphenol Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O JECYUBVRTQDVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
【課題】素子の低電圧駆動を可能にし、高効率な素子を提供するために必要な新規なフェナントロリン誘導体リチウム錯体、それよりなる電子輸送材料、電子注入材料およびそれを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の提供。
【解決手段】下記一般式(1)
【化1】
(式中、Qは炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を0〜2個有する、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントラセニル基、フェナントレニル基、ピリジル基、ピリダジル基、ピリミジニル基、ピラジル基、およびキノリル基よりなる群から選ばれた基であり、R1〜R3は、水素および炭素数1〜6のアルキル基よりなる群から選ばれた基である)
で示されるフェナントロリン誘導体、そのリチウム錯体、それを用いた電子輸送材料、電子注入材料および有機EL素子。
【選択図】なしProvided are a novel phenanthroline derivative lithium complex, an electron transport material comprising the same, an electron injection material, and an organic electroluminescence device including the same, which are required for driving the device at a low voltage and providing a highly efficient device. .
The following general formula (1)
[Chemical 1]
(In the formula, Q is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 0 to 2 alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazyl group, pyrimidinyl group. R 1 to R 3 are groups selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a pyrazyl group, and a quinolyl group
A phenanthroline derivative represented by the following, a lithium complex thereof, an electron transport material using the same, an electron injection material, and an organic EL device.
[Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、新規なフェナントロリン誘導体、そのリチウム錯体、それを用いた電子輸送材料、電子注入材料および有機EL素子に関する。 The present invention relates to a novel phenanthroline derivative, a lithium complex thereof, an electron transport material using the same, an electron injection material, and an organic EL device.
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)ディスプレイは、電荷注入型の発光素子であり高輝度、高コントラスト、高速応答などの特徴を有しており、軽くて薄いという長所を生かして液晶やプラズマと言ったディスプレイに代わる次世代ディスプレイとして注目されている。ここ10年あたりの技術進歩は目を見張るものがあり、すでに実用化レベルに達していると言っても過言ではない。
実用化レベルに達した原因としては、材料の進歩、周辺技術の進歩、そして光取りだし技術の進歩が挙げられる。
An organic electroluminescence (EL) display is a charge injection type light-emitting element, and has characteristics such as high brightness, high contrast, and high-speed response. It takes advantage of being light and thin to make it a display such as liquid crystal or plasma. It is attracting attention as an alternative next-generation display. The technological progress over the last decade has been remarkable, and it is no exaggeration to say that it has already reached a practical level.
Reasons for reaching the practical level include advances in materials, advances in peripheral technology, and advances in light extraction technology.
材料の進歩として特筆すべき内容は、下記式
有機材料−有機材料の界面改良については、界面混合層を設けることにより有機層間の障壁を少なくすることで励起子同士の再結合がスムーズに行く様な工夫がなされている(非特許文献2)。
一方金属(無機材料)−有機材料界面の改良は、陽極界面はスズ−酸化インジウム電極(ITO)の上に下記式
陰極界面の制御に関しては、素子の劣化にも充分関係しておりその問題点としては、有機薄膜が電気的にオーミックコンタクトしにくい点と物理的に付着力が弱いという点を含んでいる(非特許文献5)。
What should be noted as the progress of materials is the following formula
As for the improvement of the interface between the organic material and the organic material, a device has been devised so that the recombination between excitons can be smoothly performed by reducing the barrier between the organic layers by providing an interface mixed layer (Non-patent Document 2). .
On the other hand, the improvement of the metal (inorganic material) -organic material interface is as follows.
The control of the cathode interface is sufficiently related to the deterioration of the device, and the problems include that the organic thin film is difficult to make ohmic contact electrically and that the physical adhesion is weak (non- Patent Document 5).
陰極の電子注入障壁を下げる目的で現在フッ化リチウム(LiF)が用いられている(非特許文献6)。これはLiFを用いることで陰極界面の障壁が−1.0eV〜−0.8eV低くなり、この結果陰極から電子輸送層に対する電子の注入がより容易になっている。また同様の効果が期待できるものとして下記式
しかしこれらの材料も課題が残されており、例えばLiFでは均一な製膜が難しく縞状の薄膜が形成されること、無機化合物のため蒸着温度が一般に高く(800℃以上)場合によっては輻射熱で既に蒸着している有機層がダメージを受けること、またLiqの場合、Liqの電子移動度が低いため注入された電荷が十分に電子輸送材料に供給されないこと、さらにアルカリ金属ドープについてはセシウムのドープ量によって電子注入層の特性が大きく変化するなどの難点があった。
Currently, lithium fluoride (LiF) is used for the purpose of lowering the electron injection barrier of the cathode (Non-Patent Document 6). By using LiF, the barrier at the cathode interface is lowered by −1.0 eV to −0.8 eV, and as a result, injection of electrons from the cathode to the electron transport layer is easier. In addition, the following formula
However, these materials still have problems. For example, it is difficult to form a uniform film with LiF, and a striped thin film is formed. Due to inorganic compounds, the deposition temperature is generally high (800 ° C. or higher). The organic layer already deposited is damaged, and in the case of Liq, since the electron mobility of Liq is low, the injected charge is not sufficiently supplied to the electron transport material. Furthermore, for alkali metal doping, cesium doping There is a problem that the characteristics of the electron injection layer vary greatly depending on the amount.
本発明の目的は、素子の低電圧駆動を可能にし、高効率な素子を提供するために必要な新規なフェナントロリン誘導体リチウム錯体、それよりなる電子輸送材料、電子注入材料およびそれを含む有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を提供する点にある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a novel phenanthroline derivative lithium complex, an electron transport material comprising the same, an electron injection material, and an organic electroluminescence including the same, which are required to enable the device to be driven at a low voltage and provide a highly efficient device The point is to provide an element.
本発明の第1は、下記一般式(1)
で示されるフェナントロリン誘導体に関する。
本発明の第2は、下記一般式(2)
で示されるフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体に関する。
本発明の第3は、請求項2記載のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体よりなる電子輸送材料に関する。
本発明の第4は、請求項2記載のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体よりなる電子注入材料に関する。
本発明の第5は、請求項2記載のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体を含有する有機EL素子に関する。
The first of the present invention is the following general formula (1)
It is related with the phenanthroline derivative shown by these.
The second of the present invention is the following general formula (2)
To a lithium complex of a phenanthroline derivative represented by
A third aspect of the present invention relates to an electron transport material comprising a lithium complex of a phenanthroline derivative according to
A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to an electron injection material comprising a lithium complex of a phenanthroline derivative according to
5th of this invention is related with the organic EL element containing the lithium complex of the phenanthroline derivative of
前記炭素数1〜6のアルキル基としては、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、sec−ブチル、t−ブチル、n−ペンチル、イソペンチル、n−ヘキシルなどを挙げることができ、前記炭素数1〜3のアルキル基としては、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピルなどを挙げることができる。 Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, and n-hexyl. Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and the like.
本発明化合物の製造方法の1つは、
前述のようにして得られた本発明請求項1のフェナントロリン誘導体は、下記反応式に示すように、これを溶解する水溶性有機溶媒に溶かし、水酸化リチウム水溶液と混合することにより、リチウム錯体とすることができる。
以下に本発明化合物(リチウム錯体)の具体例を示す。 Specific examples of the compound of the present invention (lithium complex) are shown below.
本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体は高い電子輸送性能を有する。従って、電子注入材料及び電子輸送材料として使用することができる。 The lithium complex of the phenanthroline derivative of the present invention has high electron transport performance. Therefore, it can be used as an electron injection material and an electron transport material.
本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体を有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に使用する場合、適当な発光材料(ドーパント)と組み合わせて使用することもできる。 When the lithium complex of the phenanthroline derivative of the present invention is used in an organic electroluminescence device, it can also be used in combination with a suitable light emitting material (dopant).
本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体を電子輸送層に用いる場合、本発明の化合物は電子注入材料や電子輸送材料として使用できる。また他の電子輸送材料と組み合わせて使用することもできる。 When the lithium complex of the phenanthroline derivative of the present invention is used for the electron transport layer, the compound of the present invention can be used as an electron injection material or an electron transport material. It can also be used in combination with other electron transport materials.
次に本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子について説明する。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、陽極と陰極間に一層もしくは多層の有機化合物を積層した素子であり、該有機化合物層の少なくとも一層が本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体を含有する。有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子が一層の場合、陽極と陰極間に発光層を設けている。発光層は、発光材料を含有しそれに加えて陽極から注入した正孔もしくは陰極から注入した電子を発光材料まで輸送するのが目的で、正孔注入材料もしくは電子注入材料を含有していても良い。多層型の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の構成例としては、例えばITO/ホール輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極、ITO/ホール注入層/ホール輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極、ITO/ホール輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極、ITO/ホール輸送層/発光層/ホールブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極、ITO/ホール注入層/ホール輸送層/発光層/ホールブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極、ITO/ホール輸送層/発光層/ホールブロック層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極、ITO/ホール注入層/ホール輸送層/発光層/ホールブロック層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極等の多層構成で積層されたものがあげられる。また、必要に応じて陰極上に封止層を有していても良い。 Next, the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention will be described. The organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is a device in which a single layer or a multilayer organic compound is laminated between an anode and a cathode, and at least one layer of the organic compound layer contains a lithium complex of the phenanthroline derivative of the present invention. When the organic electroluminescence element is a single layer, a light emitting layer is provided between the anode and the cathode. The light emitting layer contains a light emitting material and may contain a hole injecting material or an electron injecting material for the purpose of transporting holes injected from the anode or electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting material. . Examples of the configuration of the multi-layer organic electroluminescence element include, for example, ITO / hole transport layer / light-emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode, ITO / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light-emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode, ITO / Hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode, ITO / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole block layer / electron transport layer / cathode, ITO / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole Block layer / electron transport layer / cathode, ITO / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole block layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode, ITO / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole block layer / electron Examples thereof include those laminated in a multilayer structure such as a transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode. Moreover, you may have a sealing layer on a cathode as needed.
正孔輸送層、電子輸送層、および発光層のそれぞれの層は、一層構造であっても、多層構造であっても良い。また正孔輸送層、電子輸送層はそれぞれの層で注入機能を受け持つ層(正孔注入層及び電子注入層)と輸送機能を受け持つ層(正孔輸送層および電子輸送層)を別々に設けることもできる。 Each of the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, and the light emitting layer may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. In addition, the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer should be provided separately with a layer responsible for the injection function (hole injection layer and electron injection layer) and a layer responsible for the transport function (hole transport layer and electron transport layer). You can also.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、上記構成例に限らず、種々の構成とすることができる。必要に応じて、正孔輸送層成分と発光層成分、あるいは電子輸送層成分と発光層成分を混合した層を設けても良い。 The organic electroluminescence element of the present invention is not limited to the above configuration example, and can have various configurations. If necessary, a layer in which a hole transport layer component and a light emitting layer component or an electron transport layer component and a light emitting layer component are mixed may be provided.
以下本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の構成要素に関して、陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極からなる素子構成を例として取り上げて詳細に説明する。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。 Hereinafter, the constituent elements of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention will be described in detail by taking as an example an element structure comprising an anode / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode. The organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
基板の素材については特に制限はなく、従来の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に慣用されているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、石英ガラス、透明プラスチックなどからなるものを用いることができる。 There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the raw material of a board | substrate, What is necessary is just used for the conventional organic electroluminescent element, For example, what consists of glass, quartz glass, a transparent plastic etc. can be used.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の陽極としては、仕事関数の大きな金属単体(4eV以上)、仕事関数の大きな金属同士の合金(4eV以上)または導電性物質およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とすることが好ましい。このような電極材料の具体例としては、金、銀、銅等の金属、ITO(インジウム−スズオキサイド)、酸化スズ(SnO2)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)などの導電性透明材料、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン等の導電性高分子材料が挙げられる。陽極はこれらの電極材料を、例えば蒸着、スパッタリング、塗布などの方法により基板上に形成することができる。陽極のシート電気抵抗は数百Ω/cm2以下が好ましい。陽極の膜厚は材料にもよるが、一般に5〜1,000nm程度、好ましくは10〜500nmである。 As an anode of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, an electrode material may be a single metal having a high work function (4 eV or more), an alloy of metals having a high work function (4 eV or more), a conductive substance, or a mixture thereof. preferable. Specific examples of such electrode materials include metals such as gold, silver, and copper, conductive transparent materials such as ITO (indium-tin oxide), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), and zinc oxide (ZnO), polypyrrole, and polythiophene. Examples thereof include conductive polymer materials such as For the anode, these electrode materials can be formed on the substrate by a method such as vapor deposition, sputtering, or coating. The sheet electrical resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred Ω / cm 2 or less. The thickness of the anode depends on the material, but is generally about 5 to 1,000 nm, preferably 10 to 500 nm.
陰極としては、仕事関数の小さな金属単体(4eV以下)、仕事関数の小さな金属同士の合金(4eV以下)または導電性物質およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とすることが好ましい。このような電極材料の具体例としては、リチウム、リチウム−インジウム合金、ナトリウム、ナトリウム−カリウム合金、マグネシウム、マグネシウム−銀合金、マグネシウム−インジウム合金、アルミニウム、アルミニウム−リチウム合金、アルミニウム−マグネシウム合金などが挙げられる。陰極はこれらの電極材料を、例えば蒸着、スパッタリングなどの方法により、薄膜を形成させることにより作製することができる。陰極のシート電気抵抗は数百Ω/cm2以下が好ましい。陰極の膜厚は材料にもよるが、一般に5〜1,000nm程度、好ましくは10〜500nmである。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光を効率良く取り出すために、陽極または陰極の少なくとも一方の電極は、透明もしくは半透明であることが好ましい。 As the cathode, an electrode material is preferably a single metal having a small work function (4 eV or less), an alloy of metals having a small work function (4 eV or less), a conductive substance, or a mixture thereof. Specific examples of such electrode materials include lithium, lithium-indium alloy, sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, aluminum, aluminum-lithium alloy, and aluminum-magnesium alloy. Can be mentioned. The cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. The sheet electrical resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred Ω / cm 2 or less. The thickness of the cathode depends on the material, but is generally about 5 to 1,000 nm, preferably 10 to 500 nm. In order to efficiently extract light emitted from the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, at least one of the anode and the cathode is preferably transparent or translucent.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の正孔輸送層は、正孔伝達化合物からなるもので、陽極より注入された正孔を発光層に伝達する機能を有している。電界が与えた2つの電極間に正孔伝達化合物が配置されて陽極から正孔が注入された場合、少なくとも10−6cm2/V・秒以上の正孔移動度を有する正孔伝達物質が好ましい。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に使用する正孔輸送層に使用する正孔伝達物質は、前記の好ましい性質を有するものであれば特に制限はない。従来から光導電材料において正孔の電荷注入輸送材料として慣用されているものや有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の正孔輸送層に使用されている公知の材料の中から任意のものを選択して用いることができる。 The hole transport layer of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is made of a hole transfer compound and has a function of transferring holes injected from the anode to the light emitting layer. When a hole transport compound is disposed between two electrodes to which an electric field is applied and holes are injected from the anode, a hole transport material having a hole mobility of at least 10 −6 cm 2 / V · second or more is obtained. preferable. The hole transport material used for the hole transport layer used in the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned preferable properties. It is possible to select and use any of the materials conventionally used as hole charge injection / transport materials in photoconductive materials and known materials used for the hole transport layer of organic electroluminescent devices. it can.
前記の正孔伝達物質としては、例えば銅フタロシアニンなどのフタロシアニン誘導体、N,N,N′,N′−テトラフェニル−1,4−フェニレンジアミン、N,N′−ジ(m−トリル)−N,N′−ジフェニル−4,4′−ジアミノビフェニル(TPD)、N,N′−ジ(1−ナフチル)−N,N′−ジフェニル−4,4′−ジアミノビフェニル(α−NPD)、等のトリアリールアミン誘導体、ポリフェニレンジアミン誘導体、ポリチオフェン誘導体、および水溶性のPEDOT−PSS(ポリエチレンジオキサチオフェン−ポリスチレンスルホン酸)が挙げられる。正孔輸送層は、これらの他の正孔伝達化合物一種または二種以上からなる一層で構成されたもので良く、前記の正孔伝達物質とは別の化合物からなる正孔輸送層を積層したものでもよい。
正孔注入材料としては、下記化学式に示すPEDOT:PSS(ポリマー混合物)やDNTPDを
As a hole injection material, PEDOT: PSS (polymer mixture) and DNTPD represented by the following chemical formula are used.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光層の発光物質については特に制限されることはなく、従来の公知の化合物の中から任意のものを選択して用いることができる。 The light emitting material of the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any one of conventionally known compounds can be selected and used.
発光材料としては、ペリレン誘導体、ナフタセン誘導体、キナクリドン誘導体、クマリン誘導体(例えばクマリン1、クマリン540、クマリン545など)、ピラン誘導体(例えばDCM−1、DCM−2、DCJTBなど)、有機金属錯体、例えばトリス(8−ヒドロキシキノリノラト)アルミニウム(Alq3)、トリス(4−メチル−8−ヒドロキシキノリノラト)アルミニウム(Almq3)等の蛍光材料や[2−(4,6−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジル−N,C2′]イリジウム(III)ピコリレート(FIrpic)、トリス{1−[4−(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]−1H−ピラゾラート,N,C2′}イリジウム(III)(Irtfmppz3)、ビス[2−(4′,6′−ジフルオロフェニル)ピリジナト−N,C2′]テトラキス(1−ピラゾリル)ボレート(Fir6)、トリス(2−フェニルピリジナト)イリジウム(III)[Ir(ppy)3]などのリン光材料、などを挙げることができる。
Examples of the light-emitting material include perylene derivatives, naphthacene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, coumarin derivatives (eg,
発光層は、ホスト材料とゲスト材料(ドーパント)から形成することもできる[Appl.Phys.Lett.,65 3610(1989)]。特にリン光材料を発光層に使用する場合、ホスト材料の使用が必要でありこの時使用されるホスト材料としては4,4′−ジ(N−カルバゾリル)−1,1′−ビフェニル(CBP)、1,4−ジ(N−カルバゾリル)ベンゼン、2,2′−ジ〔4″−(N−カルバゾリル)フェニル〕−1,1′−ビフェニル(4CzPBP)等があげられる。 The light-emitting layer can also be formed of a host material and a guest material (dopant) [Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 3610 (1989)]. In particular, when a phosphorescent material is used for the light emitting layer, it is necessary to use a host material, and the host material used at this time is 4,4'-di (N-carbazolyl) -1,1'-biphenyl (CBP). 1,2-di (N-carbazolyl) benzene, 2,2′-di [4 ″-(N-carbazolyl) phenyl] -1,1′-biphenyl (4CzPBP) and the like.
ゲスト材料は、ホスト材料に対して、好ましくは0.01〜40重量%であり、より好ましくは0.1〜20重量%である。ゲスト材料としては、従来公知のFIrpic、Ir(ppy)3(化3)、Fir6などを挙げることができる。 The guest material is preferably 0.01 to 40% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the host material. Examples of guest materials include conventionally known FIrpic, Ir (ppy) 3 (Chemical Formula 3), and Fir6.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の電子輸送層の材料としては、本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体が好ましい。このものは単独で使用できるが他の電子輸送材料と併用しても構わない。 As a material for the electron transport layer of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, a lithium complex of the phenanthroline derivative of the present invention is preferable. Although this thing can be used independently, you may use together with another electron transport material.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、本発明化合物を電子輸送層として使用する場合、電子注入性を向上させる目的から電子輸送層と陰極電極の間に電子注入層を設けることができる。ここで使用される電子注入材料としては、アルカリ金属ハロゲン化物、アルカリ土類金属ハロゲン化物や有機アルカリ金属錯体から選択される少なくとも一つの金属化合物を使用することが好ましい。アルカリ金属ハロゲン化物としては、フッ化リチウム、フッ化ナトリウム、フッ化カリウム、フッ化セシウム、塩化リチウムなどが挙げられる。アルカリ土類金属ハロゲン化物としては、フッ化マグネシウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム、フッ化ストロンチウムなどが挙げられる。また有機アルカリ金属金属錯体としては、8−ヒドロキシキノリノラトリチウムや8−ヒドロキシキノリノラトセシウムなどが挙げられる。
また本発明化合物を電子注入材料として使用する場合は、上記の電子注入材料と併用する事もできる。
In the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, when the compound of the present invention is used as an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer can be provided between the electron transport layer and the cathode electrode for the purpose of improving the electron injection property. As the electron injecting material used here, it is preferable to use at least one metal compound selected from alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides and organic alkali metal complexes. Examples of the alkali metal halide include lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, and lithium chloride. Examples of the alkaline earth metal halide include magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, and strontium fluoride. Examples of the organic alkali metal metal complex include 8-hydroxyquinolinolatolithium and 8-hydroxyquinolinolatocesium.
Moreover, when using this invention compound as an electron injection material, it can also use together with said electron injection material.
正孔輸送層、発光層の形成方法については特に限定されるものではない。例えば乾式成膜法(例えば真空蒸着法、イオン化蒸着法など)、湿式成膜法〔溶液塗布法(例えば、スピンコート法、キャスト法、インクジェット法など)〕を使用することができる。本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体の電子輸送層の形成方法については、乾式成膜法(例えば真空蒸着法、イオン化蒸着法)が好ましい。また素子の作製については上記の成膜方法を併用しても構わない。 The method for forming the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer is not particularly limited. For example, a dry film forming method (for example, a vacuum deposition method, an ionization vapor deposition method, etc.) or a wet film forming method [a solution coating method (for example, a spin coating method, a casting method, an ink jet method, etc.)] can be used. The method for forming the electron transport layer of the lithium complex of the phenanthroline derivative of the present invention is preferably a dry film formation method (for example, vacuum deposition method, ionization deposition method). In addition, the above-described film formation method may be used in combination for manufacturing the element.
真空蒸着法により正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層等の各層を形成する場合、真空蒸着条件は、特に限定されるものではない。通常10−5Torr程度以下の真空下で50〜500℃程度のボート温度(蒸着源温度)、−50〜300℃程度の基板温度で、0.01〜50nm/sec.程度蒸着することが好ましい。正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層の各層を複数の化合物を使用して形成する場合、化合物を入れた各ボートをそれぞれ温度制御しながら共蒸着することが好ましい。 When forming each layer such as a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer by a vacuum deposition method, the vacuum deposition conditions are not particularly limited. Usually, at a boat temperature (deposition source temperature) of about 50 to 500 ° C. under a vacuum of about 10 −5 Torr or less, at a substrate temperature of about −50 to 300 ° C., 0.01 to 50 nm / sec. Vapor deposition is preferred. When forming each layer of a positive hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron carrying layer using a some compound, it is preferable to co-evaporate each boat which put the compound, temperature-controlling each.
正孔輸送層、発光層を溶媒塗布法で形成する場合、各層を構成する成分を溶媒に溶解または分散させて塗布液とする。溶媒としては、炭化水素系溶媒(例えば、ヘプタン、トルエン、キシレン、シクロヘキサン等)、ケトン系溶媒(例えばアセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等)、ハロゲン系溶媒(例えばジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン等)、エステル系溶媒(例えば酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル等)、アルコール系溶媒(例えばメタノール、エタノール、ブタノール、メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ等)、エーテル系溶媒(例えばジブチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン等)、非プロトン性溶媒(例えばN,N′−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド等)、水等が挙げられる。溶媒は単独で使用しても良く、複数の溶媒を併用しても良い。 When forming the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer by a solvent coating method, the components constituting each layer are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent to obtain a coating solution. Solvents include hydrocarbon solvents (eg, heptane, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, etc.), ketone solvents (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.), halogen solvents (eg, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, etc.) ), Ester solvents (eg, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.), alcohol solvents (eg, methanol, ethanol, butanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, etc.), ether solvents (eg, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and the like), aprotic solvents (for example, N, N'-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like), water and the like. The solvent may be used alone, or a plurality of solvents may be used in combination.
正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層等の各層の膜厚は、特に限定されるものではないが、通常5〜5,000nmになるようにする。 The thickness of each layer such as the hole transport layer, the light emitting layer, and the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 to 5,000 nm.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、酸素や水分等との接触を遮断する目的で保護層(封止層)を設けたり、不活性物質中に素子を封入して保護することができる。不活性物質としては、パラフィン、シリコンオイル、フルオロカーボン等が挙げられる。保護層に使用する材料としては、フッ素樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、光硬化性樹脂等が挙げられる。 The organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be protected by providing a protective layer (sealing layer) for the purpose of blocking contact with oxygen, moisture, or the like, or by encapsulating the device in an inert substance. Examples of the inert substance include paraffin, silicon oil, and fluorocarbon. Examples of the material used for the protective layer include fluorine resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, polyester, polycarbonate, and photocurable resin.
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、通常直流駆動の素子として使用できる。直流電圧を印加する場合、陽極をプラス、陰極をマイナスの極性として電圧を通常1.5〜20V程度印加すると発光が観測される。また、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は交流駆動の素子としても使用できる。交流電圧を印加する場合には、陽極がプラス、陰極がマイナスの状態になった時に発光する。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、例えば電子写真感光体、フラットパネルディスプレイなどの平面発光体、複写機、プリンター、液晶ディスプレイのバックライト、計器等の光源、各種発光素子、各種表示素子、各種標識、各種センサー、各種アクセサリーなどに使用することができる。 The organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be used as a normal DC drive device. When a DC voltage is applied, light emission is observed when a voltage of about 1.5 to 20 V is applied with the positive polarity of the anode and the negative polarity of the cathode. Moreover, the organic electroluminescent element of this invention can be used also as an element of an alternating current drive. When an AC voltage is applied, light is emitted when the anode is in a positive state and the cathode is in a negative state. The organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is, for example, a flat light emitter such as an electrophotographic photosensitive member or a flat panel display, a copying machine, a printer, a backlight of a liquid crystal display, a light source such as an instrument, various light emitting devices, various display devices, various signs. It can be used for various sensors and various accessories.
図15〜28に、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の好ましい例を示す。 15 to 28 show preferred examples of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention.
図15は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の一例を示す断面図である。図15は、基板1上に陽極2、発光層3および陰極4を順次設けた構成のものである。ここで使用する発光素子は、それ自体が正孔輸送性、電子輸送性及び発光性の機能を単一で有している場合や、それぞれの機能を有する化合物を混合して使用する場合に有用である。
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. FIG. 15 shows a configuration in which an
図16は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における他の例を示す断面図である。図16は、基板1上に、陽極2、正孔輸送層5、発光層3及び陰極4を順次設けた構成のものである。この場合、発光層は電子輸送性の機能を有している場合に有用である。
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. FIG. 16 shows a configuration in which an
図17は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における他の例を示す断面図である。図17は、基板1上に、陽極2、発光層3、電子輸送層6及び陰極4を順次設けた構成のものである。この場合、発光層は正孔輸送性の機能を有している場合に有用である。
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. FIG. 17 shows a configuration in which an
図18は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における他の例を示す断面図である。図18は、基板1上に、陽極2、正孔輸送層5、発光層3、電子輸送層6及び陰極4を順次設けた構成のものである。これは、キャリア輸送と発光の機能を分離したものであり、材料選択の自由度が増すために、発光の高効率化や発光色の自由度が増すことになる。
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. FIG. 18 shows a configuration in which an
図19は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における他の例を示す断面図である。図19は、基板1上に、陽極2、正孔注入層7、正孔輸送層5、発光層3、電子輸送層6及び陰極4を順次設けた構成のものである。この場合、正孔注入層7を設けることにより、陽極2と正孔輸送層5の密着性を高めたり、陽極から正孔の注入を良くし、発光素子の低電圧駆動に効果がある。
FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. FIG. 19 shows a structure in which an
図20は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における他の例を示す断面図である。図20は、基板1上に、陽極2、正孔輸送層5、発光層3、電子輸送層6、電子注入層8及び陰極4を順次設けた構成のものである。この場合、陰極4から電子の注入を良くし、発光素子の低電圧駆動に効果がある。
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. FIG. 20 shows a configuration in which an
図21は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における他の例を示す断面図である。図21は、基板1上に、陽極2、正孔注入層7、正孔輸送層5、発光層3、電子輸送層6、電子注入層8及び陰極4を順次設けた構成のものである。この場合、陽極2から正孔の注入を良くし、陰極4からは電子の注入を良くし、最も低電圧駆動に効果がある構成である。
FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. FIG. 21 shows a structure in which an
図22〜28は、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における他の例を示す断面図である。図22〜28は、発光層3と陰極4あるいは電子輸送層6の間に正孔ブロック層9を挿入した構成のものである。陽極から注入された正孔、あるいは発光層3で再結合により生成した励起子が、陰極4側に抜けることを防止する効果があり、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の発光効率の向上に効果がある。
22 to 28 are cross-sectional views showing other examples of the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. 22 to 28 show a configuration in which a
図22〜28で、正孔輸送層5、正孔注入層7、電子輸送層6、電子注入層8、発光層3、正孔ブロック層9のそれぞれの層は、一層構造であっても、多層構造であってもよい。
22 to 28, each of the
図15〜28は、あくまで基本的な素子構成であり、本発明の化合物を用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の構成は、これに限定されるものではない。 15 to 28 are basic device configurations to the last, and the configuration of the organic electroluminescence device using the compound of the present invention is not limited to this.
本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体リチウム錯体は、LUMOの値が2.5〜2.7と従来から使用されている電子輸送材料(例えばAlq3では3.22)に比べ低い値を示す。このことから電子親和性が非常に高く、電子を注入する能力が大きい。また従来の電子輸送材料と混合して使用してもその特性を損ねる事がないため、電子輸送性の能力も十分に兼ね備える。
また従来から用いられている8−ヒドロキシキノリノラトリチウム(Liq)と本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体リチウム錯体の素子比較を行ったところ、2−(2′−ヒドロキシフェニル)フェナントロリノリチウム(LiPB)を用いたもので発光開示電圧がLigの約半分の2.8V、10Vにおける電流密度はLigの66倍ときわめて良好な結果を示した。
よって本発明のフェナントロリン誘導体リチウム錯体は、極めて工業的に重要なものである。
The phenanthroline derivative lithium complex of the present invention has a LUMO value of 2.5 to 2.7, which is lower than conventionally used electron transport materials (for example, 3.22 for Alq 3 ). Therefore, the electron affinity is very high and the ability to inject electrons is large. Further, even when mixed with a conventional electron transport material, the characteristics thereof are not impaired, so that the electron transport ability is sufficiently combined.
In addition, when a device comparison between the conventionally used 8-hydroxyquinolinolatolithium (Liq) and the phenanthroline derivative lithium complex of the present invention was performed, 2- (2'-hydroxyphenyl) phenanthrolinolithium (LiPB) The current density at 2.8 V and 10 V, which is about half that of Lig, was 66 times that of Lig, showing a very good result.
Therefore, the phenanthroline derivative lithium complex of the present invention is extremely industrially important.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれにより何ら限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
実施例1
(1)2−(2′−ヒドロキシフェニル)フェナンスロリン〔2−(2′−Hydroxyphenyl)phenanthroline(PnPnol)〕の合成
(2)2−(2′−ヒドロキシフェニル)フェナンスロリナト リチウム〔2−(2′−Hydroxyphenyl)phenanthrolinato Lithium(LiPB)〕の合成
(1) Synthesis of 2- (2′-hydroxyphenyl) phenanthroline [2- (2′-Hydroxyphenyl) phenanthroline (PnPnol)]
(2) Synthesis of 2- (2′-hydroxyphenyl) phenanthrolinato lithium [2- (2′-Hydroxyphenyl) phenanthrolinato Lithium (LiPB)]
実施例2
(1)2′−ヒドロキシ−5′−(ピリジル−3−イル)アセトフェノン〔2′−Hydroxy−5′−(pyridyl−3−yl)acetophenone(HPyAcP)〕の合成
(2)2−(フェナンスロリン−2−イル)−4−(ピリジル−3−イル)フェノール〔2−(Phenanthrolin−2−yl)−4−(pyridyl−3−yl)phenol(PnPyPo)〕の合成
(3)2−〔2′−ヒドロキシフェニル−5−(ピリジル−3−イル)〕フェナンスロリナト リチウム{2−〔2′−Hydroxyphenyl−5−(pyridyl−3−yl)〕phenanthrolinato lithium(LiPBPy)}の合成
(1) Synthesis of 2'-hydroxy-5 '-(pyridyl-3-yl) acetophenone [2'-Hydroxy-5'-(pyrylyl-3-yl) acetophenone (HPyAcP)]
(2) 2- (phenanthrolin-2-yl) -4- (pyridyl-3-yl) phenol [2- (Phenanthrolin-2-yl) -4- (pyridyl-3-yl) phenol (PnPyPo)] Synthesis of
(3) 2- [2′-hydroxyphenyl-5- (pyridyl-3-yl)] phenanthrolinato lithium {2- [2′-hydroxyphenyl-5- (pyrylyl-3-yl)] phenanthrololinato lithium (LiPBPy) )}
実施例1で得られた2−(2′−ヒドロキシフェニル)フェナンスロリナト リチウム(LiPB)と実施例2で得られた2−〔2′−ヒドロキシフェニル−5−(ピリジル−3−イル)〕フェナンスロリナト リチウム(LiPBPy)のUVスペクトルを図1に、PLスペクトルを図2に、それらの電気化学特性と物理特性を下記表1に示す。
エネルギーギャップ(Eg)については、蒸着機で作成した薄膜を紫外−可視吸光度計で薄膜の吸収曲線を測定する。その薄膜の短波長側の立ち上がりの所に接線を引き、求まった交点の波長W(nm)を次の式に代入し目的の値を求める。それによって得た値がEgになる。
Eg=1240÷W
例えば接線を引いて求めた値W(nm)が470nmだったとしたらこの時のEgの値は
Eg=1240÷470=2.63(eV)
と言うことになる。
Ip(イオン化ポテンシャル)は、イオン化ポテンシャル測定装置(例えば理研計器AC−1)を使用して測定し、測定するサンプルがイオン化を開始しだしたところの電圧(eV)の値を読む。
Ea(電子親和力)は、IpからEgを引いた値である。
本明細書における波長に対する強度(intensity a.u.)の測定は、浜松ホトニクス社製ストリークカメラを用いて、クライオスタット中で4.2Kにおいて測定した。
2- (2'-hydroxyphenyl) phenanthrolinato lithium (LiPB) obtained in Example 1 and 2- [2'-hydroxyphenyl-5- (pyridyl-3-yl) obtained in Example 2 The UV spectrum of phenanthrolinato lithium (LiPBPy) is shown in FIG. 1, the PL spectrum is shown in FIG. 2, and their electrochemical and physical properties are shown in Table 1 below.
Regarding the energy gap (Eg), an absorption curve of the thin film prepared with a vapor deposition machine is measured with an ultraviolet-visible absorptiometer. A tangent line is drawn at the rising edge of the thin film on the short wavelength side, and the wavelength W (nm) at the obtained intersection is substituted into the following equation to obtain the target value. The value obtained thereby becomes Eg.
Eg = 1240 ÷ W
For example, if the value W (nm) obtained by drawing a tangent is 470 nm, the value of Eg at this time is Eg = 1240 ÷ 470 = 2.63 (eV)
It will be said.
Ip (ionization potential) is measured using an ionization potential measuring apparatus (for example, Riken Keiki AC-1), and the value of the voltage (eV) at which the sample to be measured starts ionization is read.
Ea (electron affinity) is a value obtained by subtracting Eg from Ip.
Intensity au in this specification was measured at 4.2K in a cryostat using a streak camera manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics.
実施例3および4〔リチウム錯体(LiPB)をDPBとドープした素子〕
実施例1で得られた電子注入材料LiPBのみを使用した場合と、LiPBにDPBを20%ドープした場合における電子輸送層にAlq3を用いた蛍光素子の評価を行った素子特性を表に示す。
実施例3;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiPB(4nm)/Al
実施例4;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiPB:DPB20%(4nm)/Al
電流密度−電圧特性を図3に、
輝度 −電圧特性を図4に、
電流効率−電圧特性を図5に、
ELスペクトルを図6に、
それぞれ示す。
Examples 3 and 4 [Element doped with DPB of lithium complex (LiPB)]
Table 2 shows the element characteristics of the evaluation of the fluorescent element using Alq 3 for the electron transport layer when only the electron injection material LiPB obtained in Example 1 is used and when 20% of DPB is doped to LiPB. .
Example 4: ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / LiPB: DPB 20% (4 nm) / Al
Figure 4 shows the luminance-voltage characteristics.
Figure 5 shows the current efficiency vs. voltage characteristics.
The EL spectrum is shown in FIG.
Each is shown.
実施例5、6、7、比較例1
電子輸送材料として、実施例1で得られたLiPBや実施例2で得られたLiPBPyを用い、また比較のため、Alq3やLiqを用いた下記の素子をつくり、その性能を評価した。
比較例1;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al
実施例5;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(40nm)/LiPB(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al
比較例2;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(40nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al
実施例6;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(40nm)/Liq(30nm)/LiPB(1nm)/Al
実施例7;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(40nm)/LiPBPy(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al
これらの素子の
電流密度−電圧特性は図7に、
輝度 −電圧特性は図8に、
それぞれ示す。
素子の電気化学的特性は表3に示す。
As the electron transport material, LiPB obtained in Example 1 and LiPBPy obtained in Example 2 were used. For comparison, the following devices using Alq 3 and Liq were produced, and the performance was evaluated.
Example 5: ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (40 nm) / LiPB (30 nm) / LiF (0.5 nm) / Al
Comparative Example 2; ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (40 nm) / LiF (0.5 nm) / Al
Example 6; ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (40 nm) / Liq (30 nm) / LiPB (1 nm) / Al
Example 7: ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (40 nm) / LiPBPy (30 nm) / LiF (0.5 nm) / Al
The current density-voltage characteristics of these elements are shown in FIG.
The luminance-voltage characteristics are shown in FIG.
Each is shown.
The electrochemical characteristics of the device are shown in Table 3.
実施例8、9、比較例2、3
実施例1で得られたLiPBと、実施例2で得られたLiPBPyを電子注入材料として用いたEL素子と、これと対比するためのLiFやLiqを電子注入材料として用いたEL素子を作った。
素子の構成
比較例2;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al
実施例8;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiPB(1nm)/Al
比較例3;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/Liq(1nm)/Al
実施例9;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiPBPy(1nm)/Al
これらの素子の
電流密度−電圧特性は図9に、
輝度 −電圧特性は図10に、
それぞれ示す。
また、これらの素子の電気化学的特性を表4に示す。
An EL element using LiPB obtained in Example 1 and LiPBPy obtained in Example 2 as an electron injection material, and an EL element using LiF or Liq as an electron injection material for comparison with this were made. .
Device configuration comparative example 2: ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / LiF (0.5 nm) / Al
Example 8; ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / LiPB (1 nm) / Al
Comparative Example 3; ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / Liq (1 nm) / Al
Example 9: ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / LiPBPy (1 nm) / Al
The current density-voltage characteristics of these elements are shown in FIG.
The luminance-voltage characteristics are shown in FIG.
Each is shown.
In addition, Table 4 shows the electrochemical characteristics of these devices.
実施例10、11
実施例1で得られた電子注入材料LiPBにDPBやAlq3を20%ドープし、電子輸送層Alq3を用いた蛍光素子を作成して評価した。素子特性を表に示す。
実施例10;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiPB:Alq320%(4nm)/Al
実施例11;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiPB:DPB20%(4nm)/Al
これらの素子の電気化学的特性を表5に示す。
電流密度−電圧特性を図11に、
輝度 −電圧特性を図12に、
それぞれ示す。
Examples 10 and 11
The electron injection material LiPB obtained in Example 1 was doped with DPB or Alq 3 by 20%, and a fluorescent device using the electron transport layer Alq 3 was prepared and evaluated. The element characteristics are shown in the table.
Example 11; ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / LiPB: DPB 20% (4 nm) / Al
Table 5 shows the electrochemical characteristics of these devices.
The luminance-voltage characteristics are shown in FIG.
Each is shown.
実施例12、比較例4
実施例1で得られた電子注入材料LiPBやLiqにDPBを20%ドープし、電子輸送層にAlq3を用いた蛍光素子を作成して評価した。素子特性を表に示す。
素子の構成
実施例12;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/LiPB:DPB20%(4nm)/Al
比較例4;ITO/α−NPD(50nm)/Alq3(70nm)/Liq:DPB20%(4nm)/Al
これらの素子の電気化学的特性を表6に示す。
電流密度−電圧特性を図13に、
輝度 −電圧特性を図14に、
それぞれ示す。
Example 12, Comparative Example 4
The electron injection materials LiPB and Liq obtained in Example 1 were doped with 20% DPB, and a fluorescent device using Alq 3 for the electron transport layer was prepared and evaluated. The element characteristics are shown in the table.
Element Configuration Example 12: ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / LiPB: DPB 20% (4 nm) / Al
Comparative Example 4; ITO / α-NPD (50 nm) / Alq 3 (70 nm) / Liq: DPB 20% (4 nm) / Al
Table 6 shows the electrochemical characteristics of these devices.
The luminance-voltage characteristics are shown in FIG.
Each is shown.
1 基板
2 陽極(ITO)
3 発光層
4 陰極
5 正孔輸送層(ホール輸送層)
6 電子輸送層
7 正孔注入層(ホール注入層)
8 電子注入層
9 正孔ブロック層(ホールブロック層)
1
3
6
8
Claims (5)
で示されるフェナントロリン誘導体。 The following general formula (1)
A phenanthroline derivative represented by:
で示されるフェナントロリン誘導体のリチウム錯体。 The following general formula (2)
A lithium complex of a phenanthroline derivative represented by:
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| EP2105602A2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-09-30 | Denso Corporation | Fuel pressure sensor/sensor mount assembly, fuel injection apparatus, and pressure sensing apparatus |
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