JP2008180619A - Wheel measuring method and wheel measuring apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that a limit of measurement precision is involved even when a laser light source and a camera being expensive and precise are used therefor. <P>SOLUTION: An area covering a flange from the reference groove side edge of a wheel and an area covering the flange from the tread side edge of the wheel are irradiated with laser light in two directions separately, whereby a cross-sectional contour shape is displayed on the surface of the wheel, and the cross-sectional contour shape is photographed by separate cameras in directions identical to above laser light irradiation directions, and respective photographed images are subjected to a three-dimensional processing, and both processed images are made composite, and the composite image is superimposed on a reference image acquired by applying the image composition using above method to a wheel having known dimensions, and a dimension of a measurement point is measured from a difference between both images. A wheel measuring apparatus is provided with: a laser light source; the cameras; and a CPU for performing various arithmetic operations such as the three-dimensional processing of the images photographed by the cameras, the composition of the three-dimensional processed images, the superimposition of the composite image and the reference image, the dimensional measurement of the measurement point of the wheel based on the difference between the superimposed images, an arithmetic operation of a kilometrage based on an amount of wear and the like. A vehicle sensor for sensing the presence of a vehicle and a timing sensor for timing the photographing of the cameras, the arithmetic operations and the like, are also disposed therein. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wheel measuring method and a wheel measuring apparatus used for the wheel measuring method that can measure the dimensions of each part of the wheel such as the flange thickness and height of the wheel for a railway vehicle, and visually check the wear of the flange and the tread, the deformation, chipping, distortion of the wheel. It is about.

  Railcar wheels are worn by running. If worn, the vibration of the vehicle, rattling, etc. will increase, resulting in a deterioration of ride comfort, derailment at a sharp curve, and derailment accidents, which may lead to human life accidents. From the aspect of securing, various inspections and maintenance such as confirmation of wear by measuring the dimensions of the wheels, correction of dimensions by grinding (shaping) of the wheels, and wheel replacement work are indispensable. In addition, since the fluctuation of the distance between two wheels mounted on one axle has the same danger as described above, the measurement of the distance between the wheels is indispensable. By these measurements, it becomes possible to manage the correction time, the prediction of the wheel life, etc., and to prevent the occurrence of an accident.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the wheel 1 includes a flange 2, a tread surface 3, a reference groove 4, and the like. The reference groove 4 is formed in a ring shape on the reference groove side end surface (wheel inner surface) 5. The measurement location of the wheel 1 is the dimension (flange length) C, flange thickness F, flange height H from the reference groove 4 to the flange top P, and between the inner surfaces of the two wheels 1 mounted on the axle 8 as shown in FIG. Distance BG or the like. Normally, the diameter of the reference groove 4 is a fixed value 780 mm, the dimension from the reference groove side end surface 5 to the tread side end surface 9 is a fixed value 125 mm, the tire pressure reference diameter G is a fixed value 730 mm, and the dimension from the tread surface 3 to the flange thickness measurement point K is a fixed value of 10 mm, flange diameter D is (A + 2C), and tire thickness T is (C−H + (A−G) / 2).

  Wheel dimension measurement methods include manual measurement by an operator, automatic measurement using a wheel measurement device (Patent Documents 1 and 2), and the like.

Japanese Patent No. 3615980 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-83462

  Manual measurement has poor workability, measurement values are likely to vary depending on the worker, the measurement accuracy is inferior, and the measurement tool is applied to the wheel, so there are also problems in terms of safety and labor. .

  The measurement methods using the vehicle measurement devices of Patent Documents 1 and 2 have no problem in the case of manual measurement, but since both are absolute value measurements of captured images, the measurement accuracy affects the accuracy of the captured images. Is done. However, the variation in the thickness of the laser beam, the photographed image is the deviation of the laser light irradiation angle due to the positional deviation when the laser light source is installed, the aberration of the camera lens, the focal deviation due to the positional deviation of the camera lens, the CCD pixel value (pixel The resolution is affected by the number). For this reason, the photographed image is not necessarily faithful to the state of the wheel, so that a measurement error tends to occur and there is a problem in measurement accuracy. In order to reduce these problems, it is necessary to use a high-resolution camera, perform advanced and complicated processing including sub-pixel processing, and increase the installation accuracy of the laser light source and camera, which makes the camera expensive. The CPU becomes expensive, the measurement process is troublesome, and the installation work becomes troublesome. Moreover, even if such measures are taken, the above-mentioned problem is not necessarily completely solved. In recent years, since the frequency of measurement has increased for the purpose of ensuring safer driving than ever before, many problems remain in practical use in the measuring apparatus.

  In the present invention, the dimensions of the measurement points such as the flange thickness, flange height, flange diameter, and tread surface diameter of the wheel described above can be measured with high accuracy without contact with the wheel, even if there is a manufacturing tolerance in the wheel dimension. It is possible to measure the wear from the actual production size of the measuring wheel. In addition, it can measure the dimensions of various wheels with different shapes and dimensions, is versatile, is inexpensive, easy to handle and easy to handle, and is used when a train enters or leaves a garage or pit. A wheel measuring method and a wheel measuring device are provided that can measure a large number of wheels (for example, all wheels mounted on a 10-car train) sequentially while the vehicle is running without stopping.

  According to the wheel measuring method of the present invention, as described in claim 1, the laser beam is irradiated separately from the two directions in the range covering the flange from the reference groove side end surface of the wheel and the range covering the flange from the wheel tread side end surface of the wheel. Then, the cross-sectional contour shape of the wheel is displayed on the wheel surface by the laser light, the cross-sectional contour shape is photographed with a separate camera from the same direction as the laser light irradiation direction, and each photographed image photographed with both cameras Is processed in three dimensions, and the height reference portion and the horizontal reference portion of both processed images are aligned to create a composite image, and this composite image and wheels with known dimension values are irradiated with laser light in the same manner as described above. Then, the reference image which has been photographed, photographed, three-dimensionally processed, and image-synthesized is aligned with the reference groove side end surfaces of both images and the reference grooves, and the dimensions of the measurement location are measured from the difference between the two images. I didIn this case, as described in claim 2, the tops of the flanges of the wheels in the two three-dimensional processed images are the height reference part, the reference groove side end face and the tread side end face are the horizontal reference parts, and the height reference of both processed images Images can be synthesized by aligning the parts and setting the positions of the two horizontal reference parts so that the length between them is a predetermined dimension. When the reference groove of the composite image and the reference groove of the reference image are overlapped with each other, the angle formed by the slope of the reference groove of the composite image and the end face on the reference groove side is measured. If the angle is within the angle, the position of the intersection between the extended line of the slope and the end face on the reference groove is regarded as the slope angle of the reference groove, and the position away from the slope angle on the reference groove side end face to the flange side by a predetermined dimension is the reference groove. It is also possible to superimpose the horizontal plane angle and the slope angle by aligning the horizontal plane angle and the slope angle of the reference groove of the reference image with each other. In the measurement, as described in claim 4, a superimposed image is displayed on a display (screen) such as a CPU, and in addition to the image, the measurement value based on a difference between the superimposed images is also displayed. be able to.

  In the wheel measuring method of the present invention, as described in claim 5, when a train enters or exits, it is detected that the wheel has arrived at a predetermined position, and the wheel mounted on the vehicle based on the detection. Measure the dimensions of the wheel measurement points while the vehicle is running by irradiating the camera with laser light, shooting with a camera, three-dimensional processing of the image, synthesis of the three-dimensional processed image, and superposition of the composite image and the reference image Can do.

  The wheel measuring device of the present invention is a measuring device used in the wheel measuring method, and as described in claim 6, a laser light source for irradiating a laser beam in a range covering the flange from the reference groove side end surface of the wheel, A laser light source that irradiates a laser beam in a range that covers the flange from the tread side end surface of the wheel, a camera that shoots each laser light irradiation part from the same direction as the irradiation direction of the laser light source, and the tread side shot by these cameras 3D processing of image and reference groove side image, 3D processing image synthesis, overlay of composite image and reference image, dimension measurement of wheel measurement location based on difference of superimposed image, wheel wear amount, wear amount It is possible to include a CPU that performs various calculation processes such as calculation of travel kilometers based on the image, the superimposed image, or a screen that displays the image and the measurement value. In the present invention, the measuring device includes a vehicle sensor that detects the presence or absence of a vehicle and a timing sensor that detects the timing of wheel photographing by the camera, and the timing sensor is both front and rear in the vehicle traveling direction. The laser light source is disposed so that the laser light emission direction and the light emission angle can be applied to the center of the wheel arriving at a predetermined position, and the timing sensor is disposed at the laser light irradiation position. It can install in the position which act | operates, and it can enable it to image | photograph the laser beam on a wheel, whenever a wheel center arrives at a laser beam irradiation position.

The wheel measuring method of the present invention has the following effects.
1. Two shot images taken from the reference groove side and the tread side of the wheel are three-dimensionally processed and synthesized, and the synthesized image is taken with the same measurement method in the same measurement environment using the same measurement device as the measurement method. Since the dimension (wear amount) of the wheel measurement location is measured from the difference between the overlapped reference image and the overlapped image, the measurement error is small compared to the method of measuring the absolute value from the conventional composite image.
2. The flange top of the two images is the height reference part, the reference groove side end face and the tread side end face that are not worn by running are the horizontal reference parts, and the height reference parts and the two horizontal reference parts are aligned. As a result, the synthesized image is faithful to the shape and dimensions of the wheel. For this reason, even if the wheel has a dimensional error within manufacturing tolerances, accurate dimensional measurement can be performed based on the actual size. By the way, if the dimensions between the two horizontal reference parts are combined with a reference dimension (125mm) with zero tolerance, they will not match the actual dimensions of the measurement wheel, and a measurement error will occur. In the present invention, such a measurement error will occur. do not do.
3. Since the superimposed image (wheel profile) is displayed on the screen, the overall shape and partial deformation of the wheel can be grasped from these images.
4). A series of operations from laser light irradiation to shooting, image composition, overlaying of composite image and reference image, and dimension measurement are automatically performed without touching the wheel, so there is no trouble in measuring operation and efficient measurement is possible. This reduces labor and secures work safety.
5. A vehicle sensor detects that a vehicle entering a garage, a pit, etc., or a vehicle leaving the vehicle has arrived at a predetermined position, and the wheels are measured based on the detection, so many wheels, for example, a 10-car train The wheel can be measured one after another (continuously) while traveling, the wheel of the traveling vehicle can be measured efficiently and safely, and labor is reduced. If the wheel dimensions are measured at the time of warehousing, the worn wheel dimensions can be confirmed, and if measured at the time of warehousing, the repaired wheel dimensions can be confirmed.
6). Since the measurement values are displayed on the screen where the superimposed image is displayed, the wheel dimensions can be checked numerically, and the wheels can be corrected and corrected to the appropriate dimensions based on the numerical values. Driving is secured and ride comfort is improved.
7). If the measurement data is accumulated, it is possible to perform predictive management such as the correction time and the life time of the wheel, and it is possible to manage the traveling distance of the wheel by using it together with other data.

The wheel measuring device of the present invention has the following effects.
1. Since the laser light source and camera are installed and fixed at predetermined positions, it is possible to irradiate laser light to a large number of wheels and to photograph the wheel cross-sectional contour shape by laser light on the wheels from a certain direction at a certain position and at a certain angle. Therefore, a stable image can be obtained, there is no variation in measurement, and measurement accuracy is improved.
2. Since the wheel dimensions are measured based on the difference between the superimposed image of the reference image with known dimensions and the composite image, it is possible to measure with little error without having to perform accurate optical equipment or complicated correction processing. Cost is reduced.
3. A vehicle sensor that detects the presence or absence of a vehicle and a timing sensor that captures images when the wheel has traveled to a predetermined position (a position where the laser beam is irradiated to the center of the wheel) are provided. If it is installed at a predetermined position, the wheels can be automatically measured reliably at the predetermined position. For this reason, if the measuring device is installed at the entrance of a garage, pit, etc., the traveling train that enters the vehicle, and if the installation is installed at the exit, the traveling train that issues the vehicle continuously runs without stopping. Automatic measurement, good workability, labor saving, improved workability, and non-contact measurement to the wheel, so safety is high. Moreover, if the measurement is performed in both directions at the time of entering and leaving, data comparison before and after the correction can be easily performed.
4). Since the dimension measurement can be performed based on the difference between the superimposed images, the CPU for performing various data processing does not need to be complicated and sophisticated, leading to cost reduction.
5. By reading the IC tag attached to the vehicle, the type of wheel is determined, and the measurement parameter is automatically switched by the CPU based on the determination, so one measuring device can be of different types and sizes. Wheels can be measured, versatility, and cost reduction can be realized.

(Embodiment 1 of the wheel measuring method of the present invention)
In the wheel measuring method of the present invention, it is possible to measure two wheels on the left and right mounted on the same axis at the same time, or to measure without stopping the running vehicle. It is an example in the case of measuring a wheel, and it demonstrates below based on FIGS.

  The wheel 1 in FIG. 1 is the same as that for an existing railway (for track), and includes a flange 2, a tread surface 3, and a reference groove 4. The wheel measuring method of the present invention measures the flange length C (FIG. 13), flange thickness F (FIG. 13), and flange height H (FIG. 13) from the reference groove 4 of the wheel 1 to the flange tip (top) P. It is the dimension of each part including. These dimensions are measured as follows.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a laser slit light source (laser light source) 10 and a photographing device (camera: for example, a CCD camera) 11 are arranged so that the wheel 1 is sandwiched between two positions on the reference groove side end surface 5 and the tread surface side end surface 9 of the wheel 1 diagonally downward. Are installed, and the laser beam in the form of a thin line is irradiated from both laser light sources 10 onto the wheel 1. In this case, the range in which the laser beam covers from the reference groove side end surface 5 of the wheel 1 to the flange 2 (inner shaded portion V in FIG. 1) and the range in which the tread surface side end surface 9 of the wheel 1 covers from the flange 2 (see FIG. 1 are separately irradiated to the outer oblique line portion W), and the left and right cross-sectional contour shapes f1 and f2 (FIGS. 2A and 2B) are displayed on the surface of the wheel 1 by laser light. When the laser light source 10 and the CCD camera 11 are attached to a common frame 15 and unitized as shown in FIG. 1, the distance between them and the angle with respect to the wheel 1 are constant. Further, the laser light source 10 is set so that the laser light emitted from the laser light source 10 is irradiated in the direction and angle directed toward the center O of the wheel 1 as shown in FIG. Moreover, the timing sensor 23 can be installed so that the wheel 1 may be pinched | interposed into the inner side and the outer side of the rail 20. FIG. The timing sensor 23 can be a laser system. As an example of the laser system, laser light is always emitted from a laser light source 23a installed on one of the rails as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, and the laser light is installed facing the laser light source 23a. It may be reflected by the reflecting plate 23b, and a shooting start signal may be transmitted to the camera 11 when the wheel 1 on the rail 20 travels and the laser light is interrupted.

  The left and right cross-sectional contour shapes f1 and f2 are photographed at the same time in the same direction as the laser light irradiation direction by the two CCD cameras 11 installed as described above, and are taken at the same time slightly below the two photographed images F1 and F2 ( FIGS. 4A and 4B are displayed on the screen 12. The captured images F1 and F2 are only processed by a computer processing unit (CPU) and may not be displayed on the screen.

Since the photographed images F1 and F2 are photographed from diagonally forward and downward of the wheel 1, the dimensions of the Z-axis (the height direction of the wheel section) are different from those obtained by photographing the wheel cross-sectional contour shapes f1 and f2 from the front. In order to correct this dimensional shift and match the dimensions of the normal cross-sectional image, the left and right captured images F1 and F2 are three-dimensionally processed into the images shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). The three-dimensional processing can be performed as follows, for example. This processed image may be processed by the CPU and not displayed on the screen.
Filter processing (smoothing, etc.)
Threshold judgment of slit image Acquisition of slit coordinate position (subpixel)
3D coordinate transformation of 2D images

FIG. 11 shows the positional relationship between the wheels, the laser light source 10 and the CCD camera 11. In FIG. 11, θ, Z, b, L, C, and Y are as follows.
θ: Angle formed by the laser light source and the center of the CCD camera Z: Height required for point a b: Length from the point where the laser light source and the center line of the CCD camera intersect to the camera L: Center of the laser light source and the CCD camera The length from the point where the lines intersect to the laser light source C: the length from the lens center to the CCD Y: the imaging length of the CCD The three-dimensional processing in the present invention is to obtain the Z, It can be obtained by an expression.

  Y can be obtained by tracing the pixels on the CCD, and since C, b, and θ are known, Z can be obtained. In addition, it is possible to similarly obtain the Z of each point (pixel point) in the X direction where the laser beam hits and draw an image.

  Next, the left and right images that have been three-dimensionally processed (three-dimensionally processed images: FIGS. 5A and 5B) are combined into a combined image 13 in FIG. In this case, the left and right three-dimensional data are rotated and moved to make the image horizontal and vertical, and the image is vertically and horizontally adjusted, and the wheel flange top P (FIGS. 5A and 5B) is moved. The height reference portion is searched and the tread surface side end surface 9 (FIG. 5A) of one image and the reference groove side end surface 5 (FIG. 5B) of the other image are respectively set as horizontal reference portions. The distance a from the reference groove side end face 5 to the flange top P in the image of (b) and the distance b from the tread side end face 9 to the flange top P in the image of FIG. The image is synthesized by aligning the flange tops P of the height reference portion of the image and aligning the distance from the reference groove side end surface 5 to the tread side end surface 9 of the composite screen of FIG. 6 to the distance a + b. To do. In this case, if the distance from the reference groove side end surface 5 to the tread surface side end surface 9 is adjusted to the design standard dimension of 125 mm without obtaining the distances a and b, the measured wheel reference groove side end surface 5 to the tread side end surface When there is a variation within the tolerance in the distance up to 9, the distance from the reference groove side end surface 5 to the tread side end surface 9 of the composite image does not match the actual size of the measurement wheel, which causes a subsequent measurement error. However, in this embodiment, since the distance is a + b as described above, such an error does not occur.

  Image composition can also be performed as follows. The flange tops P of both images of FIGS. 5C and 5D, which are three-dimensionally processed in the same manner as the three-dimensional processing of FIGS. 5A and 5B, are used as the height reference portion, and FIG. ) In the image from the reference groove side end surface 5 to the left end (tread surface inclination inner angle) Q of the photographed image, and distance b from the tread side end surface 9 in the image in FIG. The flange tops P of the height reference portions of both images are matched with each other, and the distance from the reference groove side end surface 5 to the tread side end surface 9 of the composite screen of FIG. 6 is the distance a + b. Combine and synthesize. In this case, there is no error as described above.

  The obtained composite image 13 in FIG. 6 and the reference image 14 in FIG. 7 are superimposed as shown in FIG. Superposition is performed by aligning the reference groove side end face 5 of both images 13 and 14 and the reference point X (horizontal plane corners in FIGS. 6 and 7) of the reference groove 4. The reference image 14 is obtained by measuring a reference wheel having a known size (for example, a new wheel, a wheel manufactured by simulation using a resin, etc.) under the same measurement conditions using the wheel measuring device of the present invention. It is an image. The superimposed image is displayed on the screen 12. It is also possible to make the two superimposed images different colors to facilitate visual comparison. In the present invention, the wear amount of the flange length C (FIG. 13), the flange thickness F (FIG. 13), and the flange height H (FIG. 13), which are wheel measurement points, is calculated by the CPU and measured from the difference between the superimposed images. . The measured value can be displayed on the screen on which the superimposed image is displayed, together with the superimposed image, or on a different screen. Measurements can be displayed in digital values, graphs, or other formats.

When the reference groove 4 of the wheel 1 is contaminated with dirt 30 such as oil and dust as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D, the reference point X of the reference groove 4 cannot be confirmed on the composite image. There is. This obtains a reference point as follows if, as a reference point X ₁ regarded it, superimposed with the reference point X of the reference groove 4 of the reference image 14 of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the reference groove 4 has a width of 4 mm and a depth of 2 mm. The reference side end face 5 and the reference side end face 5 are formed by the reference side end face 5 and the inclined face 4a of the reference groove 4. The internal angle α formed by the inclined surface 4a of the reference groove 4 has the following relationship.
2/4 = tanα
α = tan ^-1 1/2
θ = 180 degrees -α

Based on the above relationship, the extension line S of the part (confirmation part) 4b and the reference groove side end face 5 of the inclined surface 4a of the reference groove 4 of the composite image of the composite image of FIGS. 9C and 9D can be confirmed. When the angle θ between the inclined surface 4a of the reference groove and the end surface 5 on the reference groove side (the θ = 180 degrees−α) is within a predetermined range, the extension θ is measured. The intersection point Y between the line S and the reference groove side end surface 5 is regarded as the inclined corner portion of the reference groove 4, and this estimated reference point Y is separated from the reference groove Y on the flange 2 side on the reference groove side end surface 5 by a predetermined dimension (4 mm). The position is regarded as a horizontal plane corner (reference point) of the reference groove 4, and this assumed reference point X ₁ is aligned with the reference point X (FIG. 7) of the reference groove 4 of the reference image 14 and overlapped.

  When the reference groove 4 of the wheel is very dirty and the inclined surface 4a of the reference groove 4 cannot be confirmed at all as shown in FIG. 9 (e), it is determined that measurement is impossible and M on the screen as shown in FIG. 9 (f). Is displayed.

  The CPU can transmit and receive data to and from an external device such as a printer or an external storage device in the same manner as a CPU of a normal computer. Measurement data can be stored in the internal memory or external memory of the computer. Arbitrary items such as the photographed image, composite image, superimposed image, measurement condition, and measurement data can be printed out or transmitted to an external data processing apparatus. These processes can also be performed by the CPU.

(Embodiment 2 of the wheel measuring method of the present invention)
In the present invention, two wheels mounted on the same shaft may be measured simultaneously. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, the laser light source 10 (four laser light sources) installed so as to sandwich each of the two wheels 1 from the outside and the inside is irradiated with each of the wheels 1 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Then, the cross-sectional contour shapes f1 and f2 (FIGS. 2A and 2B) are displayed on the wheel surface, and the contour cross-sectional shapes are photographed by the four CCD cameras 11, and the left and right photographed images of the respective wheels 1 are displayed. 3D processing and image synthesis for each wheel, superimposing each synthesized image 13 on the reference image 14, and calculating the absolute value by calculating the size of each wheel by the CPU based on the difference between both images To do.

(Embodiment 3 of the wheel measuring method of the present invention)
In the wheel measuring method of the present invention, for example, when a 10-car train enters a garage, pit, etc., the wheels 1 mounted on a large number of axles 8 of the vehicle are sequentially measured while the vehicle is running. it can. For this purpose, a vehicle sensor 22 (FIG. 3A) and a timing sensor 23 (FIG. 3A) are installed together with the laser light source 10 and the camera 11 on the entrance side of the garage, pit, etc., and predetermined for entry. The train that has traveled to the position is detected by the vehicle sensor 22, and laser light is emitted from the laser light source 10 based on the detection, and the vehicle further travels to the wheel center portion O (FIG. 3B). When the vehicle reaches the position where the light is irradiated, the timing sensor 23 detects the wheel and outputs a photographing signal to the camera 11. Based on the signal, the camera 11 determines the wheel cross-sectional contour shapes f1 and f2 by the laser light on the wheel. Thereafter, the CPU performs 3D processing of the captured image, 3D image synthesis after 3D processing, superposition of the composite image 13 and the reference image 14, etc., and the wheel dimensions are measured. Are to. According to this measuring method, the wear size of the wheel 1 can be measured at the time of train entry, and the wheel can be corrected or the distortion can be repaired in the garage or pit based on the measurement data.

  In the wheel measuring method of the present invention, it is possible to measure the wheels of a vehicle leaving from a garage or pit. For this purpose, a timing sensor 23 is provided on the exit side such as a garage or a pit, and the timing sensor 23 is activated when a laser beam is irradiated to the wheel center O (FIG. 3B) of the vehicle to be delivered. By sending a shooting signal to the camera, shooting of the wheel 1 by the camera 11, three-dimensional processing of the shot image, image synthesis, superposition of the synthesized image 13 and the reference image 14, and the like are performed. Ensure that dimension measurements are made. According to this measuring method, the dimension, shape, etc. of the wheel after repair can be automatically measured at the time of delivery.

  In the wheel measuring method of the present invention, the timing sensor is installed on both the entrance side and the exit side of the garage, pit, etc. as described above, so that the wheel can be measured both at the time of entering and at the time of leaving. According to this measuring method, it is possible to grasp and correct the dimensions and shape of the wheel 1 at the time of warehousing based on the measurement data, and to measure the wheel dimension at the time of warehousing to confirm the above-mentioned rectified state.

(Embodiment 4 of the wheel measuring method of the present invention)
In the wheel measuring method of the present invention, the distance between two wheels mounted on the axle 8 can also be measured. In that case, the left and right wheels are simultaneously photographed in the same manner as in the measurement method of the first embodiment, and the image interval (fixed value) N of the left and right wheel images (FIG. 10) obtained by three-dimensionally processing the photographed image, and the left side The CPU calculates the total value of the reference groove side end surface 5 and the image end surface R1 of the image, and the distances Z1 and Z2 between the reference groove side end surface 5 and the image end surface R2 of the right image, and measures the total value. Is the distance between two wheels. In this case, the image of FIG. 10 is overlaid on the reference groove side of the left and right reference wheels with the same measurement method under the same conditions as the wheel measurement method of the present invention, under the same conditions, and based on the difference. It is also possible to perform measurement by processing with a CPU.

(Embodiment 1 of wheel measuring apparatus of the present invention)
An example of the wheel measuring device of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3A to 3C, and an example of the system configuration of the measuring device and the measurement data processing unit is shown in FIG. For example, when a 10-car train enters a garage, a pit, etc. from one to the next, for example, two measuring machines 8 equipped with each of the axles 8 (FIG. 1) are equipped with this measuring device. This is an example in which the wheels 1 are simultaneously measured while traveling (not stopped). As shown in FIG. 3A, one vehicle sensor 22 and two laser light sources for one wheel 1 are used. 10 and two cameras 11 and a timing sensor 23 are provided. In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the three-dimensional processing of each image photographed by the camera 11, the synthesis of the three-dimensional processed image, the overlay of the composite image 13 and the reference image 14, and the dimension measurement based on the difference between the superimposed images The computer (CPU) which performs various processes such as these is provided. Two computers can be prepared for each wheel, but one computer can be used. An IC tag reading sensor 26 is also provided.

  The vehicle sensor 22 is of a laser type, and laser light is emitted from a laser light source 22a shown in FIG. 3A and reflected by a reflector 22b installed at a position facing the laser light source 22a. When the vehicle 25 is cut off, the vehicle 25 is detected. The vehicle sensor 22 is a reflection type, but may be a transmission type provided with a light receiver instead of the reflector 22b. In addition, a sensor other than the laser type, for example, a proximity sensor or a mechanical type sensor may be used.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c), the timing sensor 23 is installed at a target position sandwiching the wheel 1 on both the entrance side and the exit side of a garage, a pit or the like. The timing sensor 23 is also of a laser type, and laser light is emitted from a laser light source 23a shown in FIG. 3A and reflected by a reflector 23b installed at a position facing the laser light source 23a, and the laser light travels. When the vehicle is blocked by the incoming wheel, the vehicle is detected. The timing sensor 23 may be a transmission type in which a light receiver is provided instead of the reflector 23b. In addition, a sensor other than the laser type, for example, a proximity sensor or a mechanical type sensor may be used.

  The laser light source 10 and the camera 11 are mounted on a common frame 15 (FIG. 1) to form a sensor unit 17, and the mutual distance between the laser light source 10 and the camera 11, the angle with respect to the wheel 1, etc. are fixed. Is installed and fixed so as to sandwich the wheel 1 diagonally below the front of the wheel 1 so that the dimensions of the measurement location of the wheel 1 can be measured as described above. The direction and angle of the laser light source 10 are set so that the laser beam emitted from the laser light source 10 is irradiated to the central portion O (FIG. 3 (b)) of the wheel that has arrived at a predetermined position for entering or leaving. The direction and angle of the camera are set so that the images F1 and F2 of the wheel cross-sectional contours f1 and f2 by the laser light irradiated on the wheel can be taken. By setting in this way, laser light is always emitted from a certain position in a certain direction and at a certain angle, and the camera is photographed from a certain position and at a certain angle, and these many wheels 1 are measured under the same conditions. Can do. In this case, measurement errors are unlikely to occur in the measurement of a large number of wheels 1. In addition, the size, wear amount, shape, partial deformation, etc. of a large number of wheels can be compared based on images taken under the same conditions, and the comparison accuracy is also improved.

  As the laser light source 10 and the camera 11, a general-purpose one or a dedicated one developed for the wheel measuring method of the present invention can be used. As the three-dimensional processing, general-purpose three-dimensional processing software or a dedicated one developed for the wheel measuring method of the present invention can be used.

  The system configuration shown in FIG. 12 includes two personal computers (PC), two keyboards (KB) for each personal computer, a liquid crystal display (LCD) for each personal computer, a sensor unit for the left wheel and the right wheel. 17, a vehicle sensor 22 for detecting the presence or absence of a vehicle, a timing sensor 23 for detecting positions of left and right vehicles, the various sensors, a control unit 31 for controlling various devices, and an IC tag reading sensor 26. The IC tag reading sensor 26 reads information stored in an IC tag attached to the vehicle. The type of wheel read by the CPU is determined based on the information read by the IC tag reading sensor 26, and the measurement parameter is automatically switched by the CPU in accordance with the determination, so that various wheels with different dimensions can be connected to a single wheel. It can be measured with a measuring device.

  In the measurement device, when a vehicle is detected by the vehicle sensor 22 (the vehicle is present), laser light is emitted from the laser light source 10 of each sensor unit 17, and the wheel travels to irradiate the wheel center O with the laser light. The left and right timing sensors 23 are actuated when the position is reached, and the camera 11 of each sensor unit 17 captures the wheel 1. When no vehicle is detected by the vehicle sensor 22 (no vehicle), the laser beam is not irradiated to the wheel 1 from the laser light source 22a of the vehicle sensor 22, and the wheel 1 is not photographed by the camera 11 of each sensor unit 17. is there.

  When the wheel is measured at the time of warehousing by the wheel measuring device shown in FIG. 3A (when the wheel travels to the right side in FIG. 3), the signal from the timing sensor 23 on the right side in FIG. When the wheel is measured as a timing signal for image processing when the vehicle is released (when the wheel travels to the left side in FIG. 3), the signal from the timing sensor 23 on the left side in FIG. Use as a signal. These signals are controlled by a control unit, and three-dimensional processing, image synthesis, overlaying with a reference image, and dimension measurement are performed by the CPU according to the measurement method.

Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the wheel measuring method and wheel measuring apparatus of this invention. (A), (b) is explanatory drawing of the wheel cross-sectional outline shape by the laser beam irradiation in the wheel measuring method of this invention. (A) is a wheel outline | summary explanatory drawing of the wheel measuring method and wheel measuring apparatus of this invention, (b) is a laser beam irradiation explanatory drawing to a wheel center, (c) is a top view which shows arrangement | positioning of a timing sensor. (A), (b) is explanatory drawing of the image on either side image | photographed with the CCD camera in this invention. (A), (b) is explanatory drawing of the three-dimensional processed image on either side in this invention, (c), (d) is explanatory drawing of the image-synthesis method using the image of (a), (b). Explanatory drawing of the synthesized image in this invention. Explanatory drawing of the reference | standard image in this invention. Explanatory drawing of the superimposition image of a synthesized image and a reference | standard image. (A)-(f) is explanatory drawing of the reference point confirmation method in case a reference groove is dirty. Explanatory drawing of the two wheel space | interval measuring method with which the axle is equipped. Explanatory drawing of the principle of three-dimensional processing of a picked-up image. Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the system configuration | structure of the wheel measuring apparatus of this invention. Wheel explanatory drawing. Wheel equipment explanatory drawing to an axle.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wheel 2 Flange 3 Tread surface 4 Reference groove 5 Reference groove side end surface 8 Axle 9 Tread surface end surface 10 Laser light source 11 Imaging device (CCD camera)
12 Screen 13 Composite image 14 Reference image 15 Frame 17 Sensor unit 22 Vehicle sensor 23 Timing sensor 25 Vehicle 26 IC tag reading sensor 31 Control unit

Claims (7)

  The laser beam is irradiated separately from two directions to the range that covers the flange from the wheel reference groove side end surface and the wheel tread surface side end surface to cover the flange. The cross-sectional contour shape is photographed by separate cameras from the same direction as the laser light irradiation direction, each photographed image photographed by both cameras is three-dimensionally processed, and the height reference portion of both processed images is displayed. The horizontal reference part is aligned to create a composite image, and this composite image and a wheel with a known dimension value are irradiated with laser light in the same manner as described above, photographed, three-dimensionally processed, and image-combined reference A wheel measuring method comprising: aligning and overlapping images with reference groove side end surfaces of both images and the reference grooves, and measuring a dimension of a measurement location from a difference between both images.   The wheel measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the top of the flange flange of the wheel in two three-dimensional processed images is a height reference portion, the end surface on the reference groove side and the end surface on the tread surface are horizontal reference portions, and the height reference portion of both processed images. A wheel measuring method characterized by aligning each other, positioning the two horizontal reference portions so that the length between them is a predetermined dimension, and synthesizing the images.   3. The wheel measuring method according to claim 1, wherein when the reference groove of the composite image and the reference groove of the reference image are overlapped with each other, an angle formed between the slope of the reference groove of the composite image and the end face on the reference groove side is measured. When the angle is within the predetermined angle, the intersection position of the extended line of the inclined surface and the reference groove side end surface is regarded as the inclined angle of the reference groove, and the reference groove side end surface is separated from the inclined surface to the flange side by a predetermined dimension. A wheel measuring method characterized in that a horizontal plane angle of the reference groove is regarded as a horizontal plane angle, and the horizontal plane angle and the slope angle are aligned with a horizontal plane angle and a slope angle of the reference groove of the reference image and superimposed.   4. The wheel measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the superimposed image or the superimposed image and a measured value based on the difference are displayed on the same screen.   The wheel measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the train is detected to have arrived at a predetermined position at the time of entry and / or departure, and based on the detection, the wheel mounted on the vehicle is detected. Irradiating the laser beam, taking a picture with a camera, three-dimensional processing of the image, synthesis of the three-dimensional processed image, superposition of the composite image and the reference image, and the dimensions of the wheel measurement point at the time of warehousing and / or evacuation A wheel measuring method characterized by measuring.   6. A measuring apparatus used in the wheel measuring method according to claim 1, wherein a laser light source irradiates a laser beam in a range covering the flange from the reference groove side end face of the wheel, and a flange from the tread side end face of the wheel. A laser light source that irradiates a laser beam to a range that covers the surface, a camera that shoots each laser light irradiation portion from the same direction as the irradiation direction of the laser light source, a tread side image captured by these cameras, and a reference groove side image 3D processing, 3D processing image synthesis, overlay of synthesized image and reference image, dimension measurement of wheel measurement location based on difference of superimposed image, wheel wear amount, calculation of running kilometer based on wear amount A wheel measuring device comprising a CPU for performing arithmetic processing, the superimposed image, or a screen for displaying the image and the measured value.   7. The wheel measuring device according to claim 6, further comprising a vehicle sensor for detecting the presence or absence of a vehicle and a timing sensor for detecting a timing of wheel shooting by the camera, wherein the timing sensor is arranged both before and after the vehicle traveling direction. The emission direction and emission angle of the laser light emitted from the laser light source are set so that the wheel center is irradiated when the wheel arrives at a predetermined position, and the timing sensor operates when the wheel center arrives at the laser light irradiation position. The wheel measuring device is installed at a position where

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