JP2008146302A - Work safety management and instruction notification system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a safe operation environment without depending on a personnel against such situations, where it used to be impossible to find out a system for providing a safe operation environment to a work place or an operator at the work place, and safety management depending on the consciousness and monitoring of a personnel has been exclusively performed. <P>SOLUTION: An operation safety management and an instruction announcing system is provided with: one or more IDTAG for specific operation object attached to a work place, a machine for operation, a use object on an operation such as a tool, an operator, and a person in charge of operation; a TAG reader for reading data including recognition codes from them; and a local processor for operating response output accompanied with the IDTAG for a specific operation object. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a system that provides a safe environment for a workplace or an operator using an IDTAG and a TAG reader.

Conventionally, many systems using IDTAGs and TAG readers are found as shown below. However, there are not many examples of systems for managing the safety environment of the workplace and workers. is there. In Patent Document 1, personal information of an operator is input to the IDTAG, and the controller reads the IDTAG and gives a work instruction corresponding to the IDTAG. It provides an indicator of work associated with an individual. In the following, examples of other applications are described as background art. Hereinafter, the terms used in this specification will be described. IDTAG has the same meaning as that used in general, but is a TAG having an identification code (symbol, number, etc.). The identification code and the data accompanying it can be read out by radio waves or electromagnetic coupling, the TAG reader is the reader, IDTAG and the TAG reader are the IDTAG with a built-in battery that is said to be an active type with a long detection distance, There are various types of IDTAGs that can receive power from radio waves from a TAG reader without having a battery called a passive type with a short detection distance, ranging from extremely small to large ones called mu chips. ing. Many TAG readers have a function of writing a recognition code to an IDTAG and are also called reader / writers.
JP 2006-139380 A

The first application example is an article search system, which can be seen in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3. The IDTAG is pasted on the article you want to search, read with a TAG reader, and only those whose identification code matches the one specified with the TAG reader can be easily detected by indicating the presence with light or sound. Is. As an application of this, it is convenient to use for inventory.
JP-A-10-129812 JP 2002-271229 A

  The second application example is a tool installation / removal management system, which is used for NC device drilling and workpiece management. For example, if an ID tag is attached to each of the workpiece and the tool and the NC process proceeds based on the program, the workpiece is moved and set to the NC device, and at the same time, the necessary drill is read, set and processed by the reader. . Drills that are no longer needed go into an empty drill bin. Even if the drill is not in the same position every time, it can be searched and used instantly.

A third application example can be found in Patent Document 4 which is a system that informs an operator which tool and how many tools are used in the NC process.
JP 2004-104822 A

Fourthly, the IDTAG attached to the tool is read by a reader so that tool information such as a tool name, rental information, and calibration date can be known.
JP 2006-107065

The fifth is to read the movement of the tool with IDTAG with a reader and to know the current data of which area is present, which can be found in Patent Document 6.
JP 2006-107161 A

As mentioned above, until now we have not found a system that aims to provide a safe working environment to the workplace or workers in the workplace, and have been carrying out safety management solely relying on human awareness and monitoring However, the problem of this system is to change the culture of the work site and provide a safe working environment without relying on human hands.

As means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention is useful for workers such as work places, work machines, tools and other work items, workers, work managers, etc. One or a plurality of specific work target IDTAGs, a TAG reader that reads data including a recognition code, and a local processing device that outputs a response associated with the specific work target IDTAG are provided. Hereinafter, it demonstrates along a claim.

The invention according to claim 1 is a work safety management and instruction notification system, which is attached to a worker such as a work place, a work machine, a work use such as a tool, a worker, a worker responsible, etc. Or for reading data including a plurality of IDTAGs for a specific work object and an identification code of the IDTAG for the specific work object by radio waves or electromagnetic coupling, the worker can carry the data or carry the work place, work machine, tool And a local processing device that receives data including the recognition code read by the TAG reader and outputs a response associated with the IDTAG for the specific work target. It is characterized by that. Thereby, a response output is possible only by the local processing apparatus at the work site.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the work safety management system and / or the work instruction notification system according to the first aspect, the local processing device is a work management office by any one of wireless communication, LAN, and Internet communication means. At least one of data including the recognition code, the response output, an instruction from the host management device to the local processing device, and a command. It is characterized by delivering one. As a result, safety information can be exchanged between the local processing device and the host management device, and processing can be shared. Centralized management is possible with the host management device.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the work safety management system and / or the work instruction notification system according to the first or second aspect, at least one of the local processing device and the host management device is the IDTAG for the specific work target. A TAG information memory for storing information related to the response, and a response memory for storing response contents corresponding to the response output. Thereby, the setting of the conditions regarding the IDTAG for specific work object can be stored in the memory.

The invention according to claim 4 is the work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a reading time designator or a reading indicator is connected to the TAG reader. The reading time designator designates the reading time or / and the reading time of the IDTAG for the specific work object, and causes the reading operation, and the reading instruction device causes the reading operation to start. Features.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, in the data setting of the TAG information memory, the plurality of specific work target IDTAGs The TAG reader or the local processing device has a recognition code, and is installed in a work target different from the work target of the specific work target IDTAG, and the TAG information memory In the data setting, the TAG reader or the local processing device is associated with the different work objects, and is associated with the plurality of specific work object IDTAGs. To do. As a result, the association between the IDTAGs for specific work objects can be stored.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the response output includes voice, vibration, characters, codes, figures, images, lamps. At least one of lighting / flashing, at least one of stop / start of work, evacuation, instruction / command for caution, notification of work information, notification of processing procedure, and opening / closing of power supply of work device It is characterized by. Thereby, the response corresponding to IDTAG for specific work object can be performed, and a safe work environment can be ensured.

The invention according to claim 7 is the work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reading result of the IDTAG for the specific work object is a data setting of the TAG information memory. In the case where the predetermined relationship in the association is not satisfied, if the relationship is insufficient than the predetermined relationship, the missing or non-existence of the specific work object is detected and output as a response. In this case, a response output is performed on the assumption that there is a specific work target other than the permitted one. As a result, it is possible to check forgetting or moving a safe installation, entry of an unauthorized worker, and the like.

The invention according to claim 8 is the work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a worker who attaches the specific work target IDTAG1 sets the specific work target IDTAG2. Carrying the attached work tool and performing the association between the specific work target IDTAG1 and the specific work target IDTAG2 to detect forgetting to carry or forgetting whether or not both can be read simultaneously by the TAG reader Features.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, the IDTAG for a specific work target attached to the worker is also the portable TAG reader. A person who does not have a work place, a work machine, a tool, etc., and enters the work alone, or has a specific work target IDTAG or / and a portable TAG reader. When entering together, compare the number of people from the number detection device that detects the number of people who have entered and the number of people by IDTAG read by the TAG reader. A warning is issued when a person who does not have a work target IDTAG or the portable TAG reader is mixed in. This can prevent unscheduled intruders.

Since it is configured as described above, the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention outputs the safety response corresponding to the IDTAG for the specific work target by reading the identification code of the IDTAG for the specific work target with the TAG reader. And provide a safe working environment.

The work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention is for one or a plurality of specific work objects attached to a worker such as a work place, a work machine, a tool, a work use, a worker, a work manager, etc. It has an IDTAG, a TAG reader that reads data including a recognition code from now on, and a local processing device that outputs a response attached to the IDTAG for specific work object. FIGS. 1 to 5 show cases where there is an association between a plurality of IDTAGs for specific work objects, and FIGS. 6 and 7 show cases where there is no association. Hereinafter, description will be made using examples.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention. In 1-A, IDTAG 101 for a specific work target installed on a specific work place, for example, on a scaffold in a high place or at a welding site, and a safety net necessary for a high place, necessary for a master rope or welding work. It has a specific work target IDTAG 102 installed on a specific object related to work such as a fire extinguisher, and a TAG reader 103 and a local processing device 104 that are carried by a worker or a person in charge of the work or installed at a specific work site. . Note that the term “specific” described in the claims and specification of the present invention does not indicate the specific meaning of specific work as defined by law, but merely a place in a high place, a safety net, a fire extinguisher, a work It should be noted that the target for safety work is defined. In this case, the specific work object is a place called a work place and a specific thing. Of course, the TAG reader 103 and the local processing device 104 may be integrally formed, which is more convenient. Explaining the operation, the TAG reader 103 reads the recognition code i of the IDTAG 101 for specific work object by radio wave or electromagnetic coupling. At the same time, the identification code j of the IDTAG for specific work object 102 is read and sent to the local processing device 104. In the local processing device 104, related data indicating what is the specific work target IDTAG 102 corresponding to the recognition code read from the specific work target IDTAG 101 is previously stored in the TAG information memory 104 </ b> A. For example, according to the identification code i of the IDTAG 101 for the specific work object, this work place is a welding site, and here there are two fire extinguishers, and the identification codes j1 and j2 of the two IDTAGs 102 for the specific work object cannot be read. Don't be. When the local processing device 104 can normally read the associated data, it outputs a normal output from the response output 104B. For example, when the green lamp on the local processing device 104 is turned on, transmitted by vibration, or from the data stored in the response memory 104C in advance, the voice or character “Two fire extinguishers have been detected normally” A message is output via the response output 104B. It can also be a switch output such as a contact. As will be described later, these situations are also monitored by a host management apparatus installed in a work management office or the like via communication. Further, the function of the local processing device can be provided to the host management device, and the local processing device can only perform communication and response output. That is, it is possible to perform all the determination functions as the TAG information memory 104A, the response memory 104C, and the local processing device 104 in the host management device, and allow the local processing device 104 to perform only the determination result. However, in this case, if the host management device and the communication system fail, all the local processing devices 104 cannot be used, so that it is also effective to distribute the functions. Describes the operation when the specific work target is not installed as specified. For example, if one fire extinguisher is taken out somewhere and j2 is not read by the TAG reader 103 among the specific work target IDTAGs 102, the specific work target IDTAG 101 i in the TAG information memory has j1, Since the ID tag 102 for specific work object j2 is associated in the TAG information memory 104A, it is determined that j2 is insufficient, and the response memory 104C related to the ID tag 101 i for specific work object and the IDTAG 102 j for specific work object A message of voice or text saying "One fire extinguisher is unknown. Please secure it before work." Alternatively, a red lamp on the local processing device 104 is turned on, or the vibration is transmitted by vibration different from normal. In response, the contact opening / closing operation such as turning off the power of the machine may be performed in some cases. Of course, these situations can be monitored by a host management apparatus installed in a work management office or the like via communication, and a work stop command can be transmitted from the host side. In 1-B, the difference from 1-A is that at least one of the TAG reader 103 and the local processing device 104 has a recognition code and a function of specifying the installed location. . In this figure, the TAG reader is a TAG reader 103B with a specific function. Other operations are the same and will be omitted. Installation of the IDTAG 101 for the specific work object can be omitted by the function of specifying the place to which the identification code is attached. Here, the specific work object of the IDTAG 101 for specific work object is the work place, but it is also equivalent that a person such as a work specific object or a worker is used as the specific work object instead. The association is performed between IDTAGs. In addition, as another effective application example, it is possible to detect what is not defined in the association, and as this example, by reading the worker IDTAG attached to the worker at the hazardous site, It is possible to detect the presence of an unrelated worker at the danger site, stop the bulldozer and the rotating machine, and give an instruction such as “get out of the danger range”. As an application example to detect the presence of an unrelated worker at a hazardous site, read the IDTAG for a specific work target at that location, for example, if the reading of a high place is read, if the reading content of the worker's IDTAG is not a profession Also, as a work prohibition command, an instruction such as “Please get off the altitude immediately” can be issued. In addition, by associating a worker with a tool carried by the worker, it is possible to check an organized state such as forgetting to carry the tool to the workplace or storing the device or tool in a place where it should be.

FIG. 2 is a safe work environment diagram illustrating a situation where the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention is used. Two work places and a work management office are shown as examples. For the purpose of repairing the outer wall of the building 200, the scaffolds 202A and 202B are set in two stages. A specific work target IDTAG 201 is attached to the scaffold for a specific work place for the purpose of specifying the place. Although the safety nets 204A and 204B are required outside the scaffolds 202A and 202B, the attachment of the two-stage safety net 204B is omitted and the IDTAG 201 for the specific work place is not attached. Yes. A specific work target IDTAG is attached to the scaffolds 202A and 202B as 203A and 203B, respectively. A safety net 204A of a first stage is attached, and a specific work target IDTAG is attached as 205A. In addition, a local monitoring terminal 206 in which the TAG reader 103 and the local processing device 104 are integrally formed is installed. Of course, the worker or the person in charge of the work may carry it. A host management apparatus 211 is installed in the work management office 210 so that data can be communicated with the local monitoring terminal 206 by wireless or LAN communication. Here, the IDTAG for specific work object can be omitted. 2 shows an example of a construction site (specific work target IDTAG 220) surrounded by entry prevention fences 221A, 221B, 221C, and 221D that are prohibited from entry by anyone other than the construction personnel. Each entry prevention fence is provided with IDTAGs 222A, 222B, 222C, and 222D for specific work. Digestive devices are supposed to have one 223A and 223B each inside and outside the fence, and each has IDTAGs 224A and 224B for specific work, but the fire extinguisher 223B in the fence is Since it is missing, the IDTAG 224B for specific work is missing. Although there is a curing sheet 225 inside the fence, the IDTAG 226 for the specific work object is also missing because it is not attached as shown by the dotted line. In this example, the worker or the person in charge of work 227 carries the local monitoring terminal 206, but of course, it may be installed at the work place. In such a work environment, it is detected that the installation of the safety net 204B of the two-step section is missing at the building 200, and a corresponding response is issued from the local monitoring terminal 206. In addition, the host management apparatus also performs management such as displaying the presence status of a specific item at the work site on the screen by communication. Similarly, in a construction site surrounded by an entry prevention fence, the fire extinguisher 223B and the curing sheet 225 are detected to be disconnected, and a response is notified by the local monitoring terminal 206 to instruct the worker or work manager 227 to restore the environment. . Until recovery is confirmed, an order to cancel the work is issued. Instructions are given to allow work while the environment is restored and safety is confirmed. In this way, a safe working environment is provided. As already described, the specific work target IDTAG 201 for the specific work place is not necessarily required, and it is a matter of course that the same function can be performed even if the specific work target IDTAGs 201 are associated with each other. .

In the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention, various application configurations are possible in addition to the basic configuration described above. Since the same applies to 1-B in FIG. 1, the description will be made with reference to 1-A in the drawings subsequent to FIG.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an application configuration of the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention. The difference from 1-A in FIG. 1 is that a reading time designator 301 is attached and connected to a TAG reader to instruct reading. The TAG reader reads only when instructed. When there is no reading time designator 301, reading is always performed. The reading time designator 301 designates a reading time and time by a predetermined reading program, a timer, reading designation by a specific time signal, and the like.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an application configuration of the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention. The difference from 1-A in FIG. 1 is that the local processing device 104 is connected to the host management device 401 by communication means 402 such as wireless, the Internet, and LAN. In general, the host management apparatus 401 is installed in a work management office, and is used to centrally manage the safety status from each work place and the work progress status at the same time. The host management device 401 is an apparatus based on a computer and a safety monitoring program. Data from each local processing device 104 or each local monitoring terminal 206 is input, and is organized and displayed by a predetermined program. It is displayed in a form that is easy to see on the screen and is easy to manage. Of course, as described above, each local processing device 104 or each local monitoring terminal 206 can perform the following functions, but the host management device 401 can also set related information on TAG information and responses. The setting data is stored in the memory, the content is compared with the input data, the response is determined, and each local processing device 104 or each local monitoring terminal 206 can be instructed. Yes.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an application configuration of the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention. The difference from 1-A in FIG. 1 is that it has a host management device 401 connected to each local processing device 104 or each local monitoring terminal 206 by a reading time designator 301 and communication means 402. The operation is omitted because it is the combination of what has been described with reference to FIGS.

6 and 7 are explanatory diagrams in the case where there is no association among a plurality of IDTAGs for specific work objects in the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention. 6A includes, for example, a specific work target IDTAG 601 attached to a high place or an overhead place, or a specific work target ID TAG 601 attached to a bulldozer or a rotary machine. A person in charge of work has a TAG reader 103 and a local processing device 104 that are carried or installed at a specific work site, or a local monitoring terminal 206 that integrates them. For example, when the worker carrying the local monitoring terminal 206 is working at a high place and walking on a scaffold, the TAG reader reads the IDTAG 601 for a specific work target set up corresponding to the high place, thereby The response contents related to the specific work target IDTAG 601 are selected from the response memory in the monitoring terminal 206, and an instruction of “attention to work at high places” is also provided corresponding to a place where there is an overhead fallen object or protrusion. When another specific work target IDTAG 601 is read, an instruction of “attention to falling overhead (projection)” is similarly shown to the worker by voice, image, vibration, etc., and a safer work environment can be provided. As in these examples, when applied to a bulldozer or a rotating machine, it is possible to issue an instruction “prohibition of approach within a rotation radius of several meters” or “careful about being caught”. Of course, these situations can also be managed by the host management apparatus 401 via communication. Conversely, an instruction can be sent from the host management apparatus 401 side. Of course, as described above, the response memory 104C, the TAG information memory 104A, and the determination function can be provided only on the host management apparatus 401 side. Further, the response memory 104C may be a plurality of memories, or the storage locations may be partitioned in one memory, and the latter is usually applied. Moreover, it can be applied to other than warnings, and can be used, for example, to explain how to use a fire extinguisher or a machine, or to explain work processes such as procedures. For example, when the IDTAG for a specific work target attached to the machine is read, the corresponding work process, operation method of the machine, cautionary notes that should not be performed, emergency measures in the event of an emergency, and the like are indicated by voice and images. As described above, it is possible to provide a procedure and safety processing related to work, which is extremely effective. 6B is an example in which the content of the response memory 104C of the local processing device 104 is single, and there is no functional difference from 6-A, so description of the function is omitted.

7 is different from 6-A in FIG. 6 in that there is a reading instruction device 701 for instructing reading to the TAG reader. If this is not present, reading is performed at a specific time by means of constantly repeating the reading operation, transmitting a reading instruction from the host management device, or specifying with the above-described reading time designator. As an example of the reading instruction device 701, human intrusion is detected by a sensor such as a manual reading designation switch or a human sensor, and the TAG reader reads the IDTAG for a specific work target attached to the worker.

In addition, when the one without IDTAG or TAG reader entered or entered together, the TAG reader read the number of people from the number detection device that detects the number of intruders such as a camera and a human sensor. It is also beneficial in this system to compare the number of TAGs and issue a warning that if the number from the number of people detection device is large, extras are lost.

As described above, the work safety management system and the work instruction notification system according to the present invention are provided with an IDTAG for identifying each target for a person such as a work place, a work place machine, a safety device, a worker, and a person in charge of work. By comparing with the safety environment data (conditions) set in advance, it is possible to provide a safe environment by detecting the dangerous state and instructing to acquire the safe environment. It can show how to use the equipment and processes and procedures, is extremely effective, and has great industrial applicability.

1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention. It is a safe work environment diagram explaining the situation where the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention is used. It is a block diagram which shows one Example of the application structure of the work safety management and instruction | indication alerting | reporting system by this invention. It is a figure which shows one Example of the application structure of the work safety management by this invention and the instruction | indication alerting | reporting system. It is a figure which shows one Example of the application structure of the work safety management by this invention and the instruction | indication alerting | reporting system. In the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention, it is an explanatory diagram when there is no association between a plurality of specific work target IDTAGs. In the work safety management and instruction notification system according to the present invention, it is an explanatory diagram when there is no association between a plurality of specific work target IDTAGs.

Explanation of symbols

101, 102, 201, 203A, 203B, 205A, 220, 222A,
222B, 222C, 222D, 224A, 224B, 226, 601
IDTAG for specific work
103 TAG reader 103B TAG reader with specific function 104 Local processing device 104A TAG information memory 104B Response output 104C Response memory 200 Building 202A, 202B Scaffold 204A, 204B Safety net 206 Local monitoring terminal 210 Work management office 211 Host management device 221A, 221B 221C, 221D Ingress prevention fences 223A, 223B Digestor 225 Curing sheet 227 Worker or person in charge of operation 301 Reading time designator 401 Host management device 402 Communication means 701 Reading indicator

Claims (9)

One or more IDTAGs for a specific work object attached to a work place such as a work place, a work machine, a tool, a worker, a person in charge of the work, and the specific work object by radio wave or electromagnetic coupling For reading data including the identification code of the IDTAG for use, the TAG reader attached to the work used by the worker or the work place, work machine, tool, etc., and the TAG reader A work safety management and instruction notification system comprising: a local processing device that receives data including the read recognition code and outputs a response attached to the specific work target IDTAG. The local processing device is connected to a host management device based on a computer that exists in a work management office or the like and manages the safety of work by any one of wireless communication, LAN, and the Internet, and the recognition code is The work safety management and instruction notification system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the data to be included, the response output, the instruction from the host management apparatus to the local processing apparatus, and the instruction is passed. At least one of the local processing device and the host management device has at least one of a TAG information memory for storing information related to the specific work target IDTAG and a response memory for storing response contents corresponding to the response output. 3. The work safety management and instruction notification system according to claim 1 or 2. The TAG reader is connected to a reading time designation device or a reading instruction device, and the reading time designation device designates the reading time or / and the reading time of the IDTAG for the specific work object to perform a reading operation. 4. The work safety management and instruction notification system according to claim 1, wherein the reading instruction device starts a reading operation. 5. In the data setting of the TAG information memory, an association is made between the plurality of specific work object IDTAGs, or the TAG reader or the local processing device has a recognition code, and the specific work object Installed in a work target different from the work target of the IDTAG, and in the data setting of the TAG information memory, the TAG reader or the local processing device is associated with the different work target, and the plurality of specific work targets The work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the IDTAG is associated with at least one of them. The response output is at least one form of voice, vibration, character, code, figure, image, lamp lighting / flashing, work stop, work start, evacuation, instruction / command such as caution, work information notification, processing procedure 6. The work safety management and instruction notification system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the above notification and the switching of the power supply of the work device is performed. If the result of reading the IDTAG for the specific work target does not satisfy the relationship predetermined in the association in the data setting of the TAG information memory, if the relationship is insufficient than the predetermined relationship, the specific work target 7. A response output is performed by detecting that there is a missing or non-existence, and outputting a response when there is an excess from a predetermined relationship, assuming that there is a specific work target other than that permitted. The work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of the above. The worker with the specific work target IDTAG1 carries the work tool with the specific work target IDTAG2 and performs the association between the specific work target IDTAG1 and the specific work target IDTAG2, so that the TAG reader The work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein forgetting to carry or loss is detected depending on whether or not both can be read simultaneously. A person who has neither the IDTAG for the specific work object attached to the worker nor the portable TAG reader enters alone before the work use such as the work place, work machine, tool, or the like. , When entering with the IDTAG for the specific work object or / and the person having the portable TAG reader, the number of persons from the number detection device that detects the number of persons who have entered and the identification read by the TAG reader Compare the number of persons by the work target IDTAG, and if the number from the number detection device is large, issue an alarm that a person who does not have the specific work target IDTAG or the portable TAG reader is mixed in The work safety management and instruction notification system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein

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