JP2008144145A - Lubricating composition - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lubricant composition having a long effective life. <P>SOLUTION: The lubricant composition comprises a major amount of a base oil, and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula (I) (wherein R<SP>1</SP>and R<SP>2</SP>are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono) and (iii) a sulfurized compound. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present disclosure relates to additives and lubricant compositions and methods of using them.
In particular, the invention relates to an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound, and (iii) a sulfurized compound.

  Lubricants such as those used in automobile or truck internal combustion engines and transmissions are exposed to harsh environments during use. This environment results in oxidation of the oil, which is catalyzed by the presence of impurities in the oil and is also promoted by the high temperature of the oil in use.

  The oxidation of the lubricating oil contributes to the formation of sludge in the oil and the deterioration of the viscosity characteristics of the lubricant. This oxidation is often suppressed to some extent by selecting the appropriate antioxidant additive and significantly improves the life of the lubricating oil. Antioxidant additives can extend the useful life of the lubricating oil, for example, by reducing or preventing unacceptable viscosity increases and / or deposit formation.

  In addition, protecting the metal surface of the engine against wear degradation by selecting an appropriate balance of anti-wear agents in the lubricating composition can significantly increase the life of the metal surface. Antiwear agents form a thin film on the metal surface that protects the metal against metal contact, resulting in a reduction in wear. A well-known and commonly used antiwear agent is zinc dialkylthiophosphate (ZDDP).

  However, harsh environments to which lubricating oils including high temperatures and / or high pressures are exposed will cause ZDDP in the lubricating oil composition to degrade. Studies have shown that certain exhaust catalysts can be deactivated by phosphorus, which is largely derived from ZDDP compounds that have been the main antiwear agent in passenger car motor oil and heavy duty diesel formulations for the past 50 years. As a result, future engine oils contain reduced phosphorus levels. Furthermore, as ZDDP decomposes and releases zinc molecules, these zinc molecules are capable of reacting with other performance additives present in the lubricating composition and can cause adverse effects on engine performance. And produce other particulate matter. These undesirable effects of oxidation present problems in terms of meeting even more severe engine performance requirements.

  Simply reducing the amount of ZDDP is not a practical solution to this problem because it involves a reduction in antiwear properties. Therefore, it is preferred that the lubricating oil composition is compromised with improved additives that reduce the oxidative degradation of the lubricating oil.

  A composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound, and (iii) a sulfurized compound can provide a very effective system capable of inhibiting oxidation. I found out.

  According to this disclosure, (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono And (iii) an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound.

  In one aspect, a large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono Also provided is a lubricant composition comprising a lubricant composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound represented by: each of which is independently selected from; and (iii) a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound The

  Further, a large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono A nitrogen-containing compound represented by: and (iii) a lubricant composition comprising a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound, A method is provided for reducing oxidative degradation of an agent composition.

  Further, a large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono And (iii) adding a lubricant composition comprising a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound to the machine, each of which is independently selected from A method of driving is provided.

  Further, a large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono And (iii) contacting at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound, each of which is independently selected from A method for lubricating at least one moving part of a machine is provided.

  Additional objects and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the following description and / or can be learned by practice of this disclosure. The objects and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

  It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and merely explanatory and claimed and not restrictive. It is.

  The present disclosure generally relates to a large amount of base oil and (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono And (iii) a lubricant composition comprising a minor amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound.

  As used herein, the term “major” is understood to mean an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, for example an amount of about 80 to about 98% by weight. The Further, as used herein, the term “small amount” is understood to mean an amount of less than 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

As used herein, “aromatic” or “aryl”, unless expressly specified otherwise, is a conventional substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or similar class of heterocyclic moiety such as fused. Alternatively, it refers to a polyunsaturated, usually aromatic hydrocarbyl cyclic or heterocyclic substituent that can have a single ring or multiple rings (up to 3 rings) covalently attached. Common hydrocarbyl aromatic moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl, and the like. Such moieties are optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl substituents. Also included are aryl moieties substituted by other aryl moieties such as biphenyl. Heterocyclic aryl or aromatic moieties include pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, pyranyl, containing carbon atoms in the ring and one or more heteroatoms, usually oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and / or phosphorus. Refers to an unsaturated cyclic moiety such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl and the like. Such moieties may include one or more substitutions such as hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moiety and carbonyl moiety (eg, aldehyde or ketone moiety). Optionally substituted by a group.

  As used herein, “alkaryl” refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with a conventional substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic moiety, unless expressly specified otherwise. Common aryl moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl and the like. Such moieties may be substituted by one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, amino, amide, ester moiety and carbonyl moiety (eg aldehyde or ketone moiety). In some cases it is replaced.

  As used in this specification, the terms “hydrocarbon”, “hydrocarbyl” or “hydrocarbon-based” indicate that the group being described has approximately hydrocarbon character within the context of the present invention. Means that. These contain groups that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, ie contain only carbon and hydrogen. These also include groups containing substituents or atoms that do not substantially alter the hydrocarbon character of the group. Such substituents can include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, and the like. These groups can also contain heteroatoms. Suitable heteroatoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Thus, while maintaining approximately the hydrocarbon character within the context of the present invention, these groups may contain atoms other than carbon that are otherwise present in chains or rings composed of carbon atoms.

  Suitable triazole compounds for use in the compositions of the present disclosure can be any triazole, including substituted or unsubstituted triazole compounds. In some embodiments, the triazole compound is a 1,2,3-triazole compound. In other embodiments, the triazole compound is a 1,2,4-triazole compound. In one embodiment, the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.

  By way of example, the triazole compound can be substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising a monocyclic or polycyclic ring, for example a covalent ring. Non-limiting examples of substituted aromatic moieties comprising covalently linked rings include biphenyl, 1,1'-binaphthyl, p, p'-bitryl, biphenylenyl, and the like. As another example, the aryl moiety can comprise a fused polycycle. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising fused polycycles include naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl and the like. As a further example, the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring covalently linked to a triazole. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising a single ring covalently linked to a triazole include phenyl and the like. As another example, the aryl moiety can comprise a single ring fused to a triazole. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties comprising a single ring fused to a triazole include benzotriazole and tolyltriazole. An example of a commercially available triazole compound suitable for use herein is tolyltriazole, a light brown powder having a melting point in the range of 80-83 ° C, a flash point of 182 ° C and a boiling point of 160 ° C.

  In one embodiment, the triazole compound has the formula (II)

Wherein R ³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and R ⁴ comprises hydrogen and from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms Selected from the group consisting of an alkyl moiety and a substituted hydrocarbyl moiety. In another embodiment, R ³ and R ⁴ of the triazole compound represented by formula (II) can each independently comprise about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms.

  The triazole compound can be present in any effective amount in the disclosed lubricant and additive compositions, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure is from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, such as from about 0.1% to about 0.3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. % Triazole compound. In another embodiment, the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 0.48% to about 5% by weight of a triazole compound relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

  The disclosed compositions can also comprise nitrogen-containing compounds for various uses. There are no particular restrictions on the types of nitrogen-containing compounds that can be used in the disclosed compositions of the present disclosure. In general, nitrogen-containing compounds suitable for use herein are those of formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono Are selected independently from each other). For example, R ¹ and R ² can each independently comprise an aryl group comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups that can comprise R ¹ and R ² include phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and alkaryl. As another example, R ¹ and R ² are alkaryl such as alkaphenyl or alknaphthyl, wherein the alkyl group comprises from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, for example from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms. Each independently. As yet another example, R ¹ and R ² can each independently comprise a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. Non-limiting examples of aryl group substituents can include alkyl groups comprising about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl and nitro moieties. As another example, R ¹ and R ² can each independently be alkyl substituted benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl.

  Other non-limiting examples of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds are: phenylamine; diphenylamine; triphenylamine; various alkylated phenylamines, diphenylamine and triphenylamine; N, N′-bis (4-aminophenyl) 3-alkyldiphenylamine; N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine; dibutyldiphenylamine; dioctyldiphenylamine; dinonyldiphenylamine; phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; Naphthylamine; diheptyldiphenylamine; and p-oriented styrenated diphenylamine. Further non-limiting examples of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds and methods for their preparation include those described in US Pat. No. 6,218,576, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference. .

  Nitrogen-containing compounds used in this specification can comprise structures other than those shown above in formula (I) which show only one nitrogen atom in the molecule. Thus, assuming that at least one nitrogen has at least one aryl group attached to it as well as an aryl attached to one of the nitrogens, such as in the case of various diamines having secondary nitrogen atoms, for example, The nitrogen-containing compound can comprise different structures.

  Nitrogen-containing compounds used in this specification have antioxidant properties in the disclosed compositions when used alone or in combinations described herein. Can do. The nitrogen-containing compound used in this specification must be soluble in the final lubricant composition.

  The amount of nitrogen-containing compound in the lubricating composition can vary depending on the specific requirements and applications. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure is from about 0.2% to about 1.2%, such as from about 0.4% to about 1.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition. % By weight of this nitrogen-containing compound can be included. In another embodiment, the additive composition of the present disclosure can comprise from about 2% to about 12% by weight of this nitrogen-containing compound relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.

The sulfurized compound suitable for use in the composition of the present disclosure can be any sulfurized compound provided it is soluble in the lubricant composition. For example, the sulfurized compound can be a sulfurized olefin. Non-limiting examples of sulfurized olefins, sulfurized _C 4 _{-C 24} alpha - olefins, sulfurized isomerized _C 4 _{-C 24} alpha - olefins, sulfurized branched _C 4 _{-C 24} olefins, sulfurized cyclic _C 4 _{-C 24} olefin and Including combinations thereof. As another example, the oil sulfide compound can be a sulfurized fatty oil. Non-limiting examples of sulfurized fatty oils include sulfurized corn oil, sulfurized canola oil, sulfurized cottonseed oil, sulfurized grape seed oil, sulfurized olive oil, sulfurized palm oil, sulfurized peanut oil, sulfurized coconut oil, sulfurized rapeseed oil, sulfurized sesame oil, large sulfurized Includes sulfurized fish oil, including bean oil, sulfurized sunflower oil, sulfurized tallow, herring oil and shark oil, and combinations thereof. An example of a commercially available sulfurized compound suitable for use herein is HiTEC® 7084, available from Afton Chemical Corporation (Richmond, Virginia).

  The sulfurized compound can be present in any effective amount in the disclosed lubricant and additive compositions, which can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present disclosure is about 0.4 wt% to about 1.2 wt%, such as about 0.6 wt% to about 1.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. % By weight of this sulfurized compound. In another embodiment, the disclosed additive composition can comprise from about 4% to about 12% by weight of the sulfurized compound, based on the total weight of the additive composition.

  The compositions disclosed in this specification include phosphorus-containing compounds, dispersants, ash-containing detergents, ashless detergents, overbased detergents, pour point depressants, viscosity index modifiers, ash-containing friction modifiers. Agent, ashless friction modifier, nitrogen-containing friction modifier, nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agent, rust inhibitor, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, defoamer, titanium compound , Optionally containing additives such as titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble molybdenum complexes, boron containing compounds, boron containing complexes and combinations thereof. In one aspect, the phosphorus-containing compound, such as a zinc dialkylthiophosphate salt, in the lubricant composition provides about 100 to about 1000 parts per million by weight total phosphorus in the lubricant composition. Can be present in sufficient amounts. In another aspect, the phosphorus-containing compound may be present in an amount sufficient to provide about 600 to about 800 parts per million total phosphorus by weight in the lubricant composition. In yet another aspect, the composition can comprise varying levels of at least one titanium-containing compound depending on the needs and requirements of the application.

  Base oils suitable for use in formulating the disclosed compositions can be selected from either synthetic or mineral oils or mixtures thereof. Mineral oils include animal and vegetable oils (eg, castor oil, lard oil) and other mineral lubricants such as liquid petroleum and solvent treated or paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic type acid treated mineral lubricating oils. Contains oil. Oils derived from coal or shale are also suitable. Furthermore, oils derived from the gas-liquid method are also suitable.

  The base oil can be present in large amounts, where “large amount” is understood to mean greater than or equal to 50% by weight of the lubricant composition, for example from about 80 to about 98% by weight.

  The base oil typically has a viscosity of, for example, from about 2 to about 150 cSt, and as a further example, at 100 ° C., from about 5 to about 15 cSt. Thus, the base oil typically has a viscosity in the range of about SAE 15 to about SAE 250, and can typically be in the range of about SAE 20W to about SAE 50. Suitable automotive oils also include cross grades such as 15W-40, 20W-50, 75W-140, 80W-90, 85W-140, 85W-90.

  Non-limiting examples of synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and copolymerized olefins (eg, polybutylene, polypropylene, propylene isobutylene copolymers, etc.); poly (1-hexene), poly- (1-octene), poly ( Polyalphaolefins such as 1-decene) and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (eg, dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, di-nonylbenzene, di- (2-ethylhexyl) benzene, etc.); polyphenyls (eg, biphenyl, terphenyl) Alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and their derivatives, analogs and homologues.

Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers whose terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. and their derivatives constitute another class of known synthetic oils that can be used. Such oils include oils made by the polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (eg, methyl-polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1000, about 500 to Diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1000 to 1500) or their mono- and polycarboxylic acid esters, such as acetate ester of tetraethylene glycol, mixed C _3-8 fatty acids exemplified by esters, or the C ₁₃ oxo acid diester.

  Another class of synthetic oils that can be used are dicarboxylic acids (eg, phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linolenic acid. Acid dimer, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acid, alkenylmalonic acid, etc.) and various alcohols (for example, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.) Of esters. Specific examples of these esters are dibutyl adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate Eicosyl sebacate, 2-ethylhexyl diester of linolenic acid dimer, complex ester formed by reacting 1 mol of sebacic acid with 2 mol of tetraethylene glycol and 2 mol of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, etc. including.

Esters useful as synthetic oils include those made from _C5-12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol.

  Accordingly, the base oils that can be used to make the compositions described herein are those of the base oils in Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Compatibility Guidelines. Any one can be selected. Such base oil groups are as follows.

  Group I contains less than 90% saturates and / or 0.03% or more sulfur and has a viscosity index of more than or equal to 80 and less than 120; Group II is more than 90% or Contains equal saturates and sulfur less than or equal to 0.03% and has a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120; Group III saturates greater than or equal to 90% and equal to or less than 0.03 Containing less than or equal to% sulfur and having a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120; Group IV is a polyalphaolefin (PAO); and Group V is included in Group I, II, III or IV Not including all other base stocks.

  The test methods used in the above group definitions are ASTM D2007 for saturates; ASTM D2270 for viscosity index; and ASTM D2622, 4294, 4927 and 3120 for sulfur. One.

  Group IV base stocks, or polyalphaolefins (PAO), contain hydrogenated oligomers of alpha-olefins, the most important methods of oligomerization being free radical, Ziegler catalysis and cationic Friedel-Crafts catalysis It is.

  The polyalphaolefin typically has a viscosity in the range of 2 to 100 cSt at 100 ° C., for example in the range of 4 to 8 cSt at 100 ° C. These can be, for example, branched or straight chain alpha-olefin oligomers having from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples include polypropene, polyisobutene, poly-1-butene, poly-1-hexene, poly-1-octene and poly-1-decene. Homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures are included.

With regard to the balance of the base stock described above, assuming that the resulting blend has properties that fall within the properties defined above for the Group I base stock,
“Group I base stock” also includes Group I base stocks that are miscible with base stocks from one or more other groups.

  Exemplary base stocks include Group I base stocks and mixtures of Group II base stocks and Group I bright stocks.

  Base stocks suitable for use herein can be produced using a variety of different methods including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent purification, hydroprocessing, oligomerization, esterification and repurification.

The base oil can be a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon-derived oil. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be produced from synthesis gas containing H ₂ and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. Such hydrocarbons usually require further processing in order to be useful as a base oil. For example, the hydrocarbon can be hydroisomerized using the methods disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575;
It can be hydrocracked and hydroisomerized using the methods disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 4,943,672 or 6,096,940; disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,882,505 Or dehydrowaxing using the methods disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 6,013,171, 6,080,301 or 6,165,949. It can be waxed.

  Non-refined, refined and re-refined oils of the types or minerals of the type disclosed above in this specification (and mixtures of any two or more thereof) can be used in base oils . Non-refined oils are those obtained directly from mineral or synthetic sources without further purification. For example, shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oil obtained directly from primary distillation, ester oil obtained directly from the esterification process and used without further treatment is an unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to non-refined oils, except that they have been further processed in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques are known to those skilled in the art, such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, and leaching. Rerefined oils are obtained by methods applied to already used refined oils similar to those used to obtain refined oils. Such rerefined oils, also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, are often further processed by techniques aimed at removing used additives, contaminants and oil breakdown products.

（式中、Ｒ^１およびＲ^２は、約６〜約３０個の原子を含んでなる少なくとも１つアリール部分、水素、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、ヒドロカルビル、置換ヒドロカルビル、アミノ、アミド、ホスホロおよびスルフォノからなる群から各々独立に選択される）により表される窒素含有化合物；および（ｉｉｉ）硫化化合物を含む少量の添加物組成物を含んでなる潤滑剤組成物をマシンに供給することを含んでなることができる。 In accordance with various aspects, a method for delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition is disclosed. As used herein, the term “retards the onset of viscosity increase” includes triazole compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds and sulfurized compounds that are substituted by the aryl moieties disclosed herein. It is understood to mean delaying the onset of the increase in the viscosity of the lubricant composition by the oxidation process over a period of time compared to a composition not containing the antioxidant composition of this application. A method of delaying the onset of viscosity increase in a lubricant composition includes a large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety; (ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono And (iii) feeding a lubricant composition comprising a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound to a machine. it can.

A method for lubricating at least one moving part of a machine in accordance with various aspects is also disclosed. As used herein, “at least one moving part of a machine” means a gear,
It is understood to mean at least one part of a motorized machine, including pistons, bearings, rods, springs, camshafts, crankshafts and the like. A method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine comprises contacting at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a large amount of a base oil; and a small amount of the disclosed additive composition. Become.

  In another aspect, a method of operating a machine comprising adding a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of base oil and a minor amount of the disclosed additive composition is also disclosed.

  The machine in the disclosed method can be selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engines. Further, the at least one movable part can include a gear, a piston, a bearing, a rod, a spring, a camshaft, a crankshaft, and the like.

  The lubricant composition can be any composition that is effective for machine lubrication. In one aspect, the composition is selected from the group consisting of passenger car motor oil, medium speed diesel engine oil and heavy duty diesel engine oil.

  The following examples illustrate the invention and its advantageous properties. In this example, and in this application, all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

As shown in Table 1, an antioxidant composition according to this application was formulated comprising a base composition with a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, a nitrogen-containing compound and a sulfurized compound. The triazole compound used in Example Composition 1 was a commercially available tolyltriazole (Cobratec TT-100, PMC Specialties Group (Cincinnati, Ohio)). The nitrogen-containing compound is an alkylated diphenylamine (Hi-TEC® 7190, Afton Chemical Corporation (Richmond, VA)), and the sulfide compound is a commercially available sulfurized C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ alpha olefin (HiTEC ( Registered trademark) 7084, Afton Chemical Corporation (Richmond, VA)). As shown in Table 2, a comparative example was formulated without the triazole compound using the same nitrogen-containing compound, sulfide compound and base composition as in Example 1.

  The base composition for Compositions 1 and 2 includes ingredients within the concentration range shown for Base 2 in Table 3 below. In this example, a base composition is formulated with a base stock that is a SAE grade 5W-30 type motor oil and meets the GF-4 standard set forth by the International Lubricant Standardization and Accreditation Committee (ILSAC) did. All values are given as weight percent.

  A Sequence III G engine test was conducted on Example Composition 1 and Comparative Example Composition 2 using a 1996/1997231 CID (3800c) Series II General Motors V-6 fuel injection gasoline engine. The composition used was evaluated to determine the degree of piston deposit under high temperature conditions. The degree of piston deposit was measured in the form of a weighted piston deposit (WPD) grade. The WPD rating was determined by inspecting all 6 pistons for deposits and varnish residues. The degree of piston deposit formation was evaluated according to a cleanliness code numbered from 1 to 10, with 10 being clean. The result of “weighted piston deposit” is the average cleanliness grade for all six pistons. A higher WPD rating indicates less piston deposit formation in the engine with a particular composition and lower oxidative degradation.

  The compositions used were evaluated by methods well known in the art for measuring kinematic viscosity and the increase in viscosity at 40 ° C. was also determined. The composition was sampled and analyzed every 20 hours. The greater the viscosity increase, the less stable the lubricant composition is against oxidation. Lubricant compositions exhibiting a viscosity increase of 150% or more fail this criterion.

This result demonstrated the advantage of using the disclosed composition to delay the onset of viscosity increase in the lubricant composition. As demonstrated by the previous example, Example Composition 1 comprising the disclosed antioxidant system exhibited a WPD rating of 5.29 and a viscosity increase of 111.2%. By way of comparison, Example Composition 2 without the disclosed composition exhibited a WPD rating of 2.97 and a 148.5% increase in viscosity. Thus, surprisingly, it can be seen that the disclosed compositions significantly reduce piston deposits and reduce kinematic viscosity for lubricant compositions.

  This example is presented merely as illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention disclosed herein. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the particular components used and the concentrations of the components can be different from those used in the examples. For example, a desktop embodiment is contemplated that uses ingredients at concentrations outside the range of base 2, such as within the range shown for base 1 in Table 3 above.

  As used in this specification and the appended claims, it is noted that the singular includes the plural referents unless explicitly and unquestionably limited to a single referent. Thus, for example, reference to “an antioxidant” includes two or more different antioxidants. As used herein, the term “including” and this grammatical variation are intended to be non-limiting, and repetition of an item in a list replaces or adds to the listed item. It is not an exclusion of other similar items possible.

  For the purposes of this specification and claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers representing amounts, percentages or ratios and other numerical values used in this specification and the appended claims are in all cases referred to as the term “about Is to be understood as being modified. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by this disclosure. At least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the principle of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter is interpreted at least by the number of significant digits indicated and by applying the usual rounding technique Should be.

  While specific embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are not currently foreseeable or unpredictable can be conceived by a skilled applicant or others in the field It is. Accordingly, the appended claims as amended and amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, improvements and substantial equivalents.

Claims (29)

(I) a triazole compound substituted by an aryl moiety;
(Ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono Each selected independently)
And (iii) an additive composition comprising a sulfide compound.   The additive composition of claim 1, wherein the triazole compound is substituted with a substituted aryl moiety comprising a polycycle.   The additive composition of claim 1, wherein the triazole compound is substituted with a substituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring. The triazole compound is of formula (II)

Wherein R ³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl moiety comprising about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and R ⁴ comprises hydrogen, about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms Selected from the group consisting of alkyl moieties and substituted hydrocarbyl moieties)
The additive composition of claim 1 represented by:   The additive composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfurized compound is selected from the group consisting of sulfurized olefins, sulfurized fatty oils, and combinations thereof.   6. The additive composition of claim 5, wherein the sulfurized olefin is selected from the group consisting of sulfurized alpha-olefins, sulfurized isomerized alpha-olefins, sulfurized branched olefins, sulfurized cyclic olefins, and combinations thereof.   Sulfurized fatty oil is sulfurized corn oil, sulfurized canola oil, sulfurized cottonseed oil, sulfurized grape seed oil, sulfurized olive oil, sulfurized palm oil, sulfurized peanut oil, sulfurized coconut oil, sulfurized rapeseed oil, sulfurized sesame oil, sulfurized soybean oil, sulfurized sunflower oil, sulfurized The additive composition according to claim 5, which is selected from the group consisting of tallow, sulfurized fish oil, and combinations thereof.   The additive composition of claim 1, wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.48 wt% to about 5 wt%.   The additive composition of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 2 wt% to about 12 wt%.   The additive composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfur-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 4 wt% to about 12 wt%.   Phosphorus-containing compounds, dispersants, ash-containing detergents, ashless detergents, overbased detergents, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, ash-containing friction modifiers, ashless friction modifiers, nitrogen-containing friction modifiers , Nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agent, rust inhibitor, auxiliary antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, antifoam agent, titanium compound, titanium complex, organic soluble molybdenum compound, organic soluble molybdenum The additive composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a complex, a boron-containing compound, and a boron-containing complex. A large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted by an aryl moiety;
(Ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono Each selected independently)
And (iii) a lubricant composition comprising a minor amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt%.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the triazole compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.3 wt%.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.2 wt% to about 1.2 wt%.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.4 wt% to about 1.0 wt%.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the sulfurized compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.4 wt% to about 1.2 wt%.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the sulfurized compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.6 wt% to about 1.0 wt%.   Phosphorus-containing compounds, dispersants, ash-containing detergents, ashless detergents, overbased detergents, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, ash-containing friction modifiers, ashless friction modifiers, nitrogen-containing friction modifiers , Nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agent, rust inhibitor, auxiliary antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, antifoam agent, titanium compound, titanium complex, organic soluble molybdenum compound, organic soluble molybdenum The lubricant composition according to claim 12, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a complex, a boron-containing compound, and a boron-containing complex.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, wherein the lubricant composition is selected from the group consisting of passenger car motor oil, medium speed diesel engine oil, and heavy duty diesel engine oil.   The lubricant composition according to claim 12, further comprising at least one titanium compound.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, further comprising a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 1000 ppm total phosphorus in the lubricant composition.   The lubricant composition of claim 12, further comprising a phosphorus-containing compound in an amount ranging from about 600 to about 800 ppm total phosphorus in the lubricant composition. A large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted by an aryl moiety;
(Ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono Each selected independently)
And (iii) increasing the viscosity in the lubricant composition comprising feeding to the machine a lubricant composition comprising a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound. How to delay the start.   25. The method of claim 24, wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engines. A large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted by an aryl moiety;
(Ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono Each selected independently)
At least one machine comprising contacting at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound represented by: and (iii) a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound A method of lubricating moving parts. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engines. A large amount of base oil; and (i) a triazole compound substituted by an aryl moiety;
(Ii) Formula (I)

Wherein R ¹ and R ² are a group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amide, phosphoro and sulfono Each selected independently)
And (iii) a method of operating a machine comprising adding to the machine a lubricant composition comprising a small amount of an additive composition comprising a sulfurized compound.   29. The method of claim 28, wherein the machine is selected from the group consisting of spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engines.