JP2008039708A - Method and apparatus for diagnosing deterioration of wheel in mobile unit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive wheel deterioration diagnosis apparatus capable of individually and precisely diagnosing the degree of deterioration of the wheels of a plurality of mobile units traveling on a track. <P>SOLUTION: The wheel deterioration diagnosis apparatus comprises: an abnormal wheel detection means capable of detecting a wheel of which the axis center is decentered from that of an axle, when the axle mounted to the mobile unit via the axle is rolled in contact on the track; a vibration collection sensor for detecting vibration generated when the wheel is rolled on an inspection rail mounted on the separated inspection rail by forming one portion of the track; and a vibration analyzer for collecting vibration information via the vibration collection sensor while one wheel passes the inspection rail. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for diagnosing deterioration of a wheel of a moving body traveling on a track such as a rail.

  The wheel mounted rotatably on the wheel support protruding from the moving body rolls so that the moving body advances and retreats on the track. In particular, the track is disposed at a position higher than the height of the human being. In the case of the structure in which the wheel support is opposed to the track via the wheels, it is difficult to understand because the wheels do not fall even if they are off the axle. For this reason, the running resistance of the moving body suddenly increases (for example, in the case of a four-wheeled vehicle on the left and right, the driving resistance increases suddenly only when two wheels break down) Suddenly stopped. In addition, since the damaged wheel is replaced with a new one, production is stopped until the part replacement. For this reason, since an economic loss occurs, such as having many spare parts for wheels for shortening the equipment stoppage period, an apparatus capable of grasping the deterioration state of the wheels has been desired.

A method and an apparatus for inspecting deterioration of a bearing portion such as a trolley roller are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-61933.
According to this apparatus, when the roller (roller) rolling surface on which the roller (wheel) rolls is provided with the roller deflecting portion having an uneven portion on the roller (wheel) contact surface (running surface) of the rail, the roller rolling the roller deflecting portion is inclined. In addition, the degree of inclination of the roller is measured to inspect the deterioration of the bearing portion of the roller. Thereby, the roller deterioration inspection can be performed in a short time and easily during the trolley traveling, so that the stop time of the trolley device for the periodic inspection can be reduced and the operation efficiency of the trolley device can be improved. It is said that.

  Also, a fault diagnosis method and apparatus for rotating machine equipment is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-208655. Here, the vibration value A obtained by combining the frequency spectrum obtained from the vibration waveform generated by the mechanical equipment and the failure value B obtained by combining the frequency spectrum of the rotational frequency component and its harmonic component are calculated and the failure spectrum B / A is used. It is said that fault diagnosis can be performed.

JP 2005-61933 A JP 2001-208655 A

However, the measuring device described in Patent Document 1 includes
1) A roller that rolls on a roller deflection portion receives an impact force due to an alternating load, and the deterioration of the roller bearing portion is promoted.
2) The processing of the concavo-convex shape formed on the roller deflection portion requires special processing such as electric discharge processing, and the shape processing cost becomes expensive.
3) Roller deflecting parts that are expensive but shaped wear over time, so even when rolling a roller deflecting part with less wear compared to rolling a roller deflecting part with much wear even with a roller with the same degree of deterioration. However, since the inclination of the roller becomes large, the accuracy of inspection is lacking.
4) The apparatus becomes complicated and expensive because it includes a band light irradiation device, observation means for observing the inclination of the irradiation line, display means for displaying the observation result, and the like. There was a problem such as.

In addition, the method and apparatus described in Patent Document 2 include:
1) A wheel that rolls on a track has a low diagnostic accuracy because a plurality of harmonics generated by a plurality of parts constituting the moving body and a rotating machine loaded on the moving body are generated.

  In view of the situation as described above, the present invention provides a vibration collection sensor mounted on an inspection rail provided with a test rail that can be rolled by contacting the wheel with a track on which the wheel provided on the moving body rolls and moves. A plurality of units that move on the track, including a vibration analysis device that can monitor the deterioration of the wheels of the moving body that moves on the inspection rail from the vibration data that is collected, and an abnormal wheel detection means that can detect that the wheels are off the axle. It is an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive wheel deterioration diagnosing device capable of accurately and accurately diagnosing the deterioration of the wheels of a moving body.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described.

  That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wheel deterioration diagnosis device for a conveying device in which a wheel attached to a loadable moving body via an axle contacts and rolls on a track. An abnormal wheel detection means capable of detecting the eccentric wheel, and a vibration generated when the wheel rolls on the inspection rail that is attached to an inspection rail that forms a part of the track. And a vibration analysis device that collects vibration information in time series via the vibration collection sensor while one of the wheels passes through an inspection rail.

In claim 2, the abnormal wheel detection means according to claim 1 monitors the abnormality of the wheel and the vibration information collected by the vibration analysis device according to claim 1 in time series is fast Fourier transformed to obtain the dominant frequency. The step of extracting and storing the peak value of the dominant frequency in time series and the abnormal wheel detecting means detects a wheel whose axis is eccentric from the axis of the axle. Calling the peak value of the dominant frequency before the detected time in time series, calculating the dominant frequency having a high correlation between the peak value of the dominant frequency and the wheel rolling time, and registering the calculated dominant frequency as the monitoring frequency And a value equal to or higher than a certain height of the vibration level of the monitoring frequency is set as a threshold value, and an alarm signal is generated when the vibration level collected by the vibration collection sensor exceeds the threshold value. And features.

  As effects of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to reliably detect that the wheel attached to the moving body is eccentric from the axle, that is, breakage of the bearing built in the wheel. Further, since one wheel to be diagnosed passes on the inspection rail and the vibration information of the wheel is collected and analyzed, it is possible to diagnose the deterioration of the wheel with high accuracy with little entry of vibration information of the other wheels. Further, since the frequency highly correlated with the wheel deterioration is extracted from the vibration information collected so far after the bearing built into the wheel is broken and the vibration level of the frequency is monitored, the failure prediction accuracy of the wheel is high. Furthermore, it is possible to individually diagnose the wheels of a plurality of moving bodies that pass through the vibration collecting sensor that collects diagnostic information only by attaching the vibration collecting sensor to one place on the inspection rail.

  According to the second aspect, when an abnormal wheel is detected, the vibration frequency correlated with the wheel deterioration can be identified retroactively from the time, so that a highly accurate wheel deterioration index can be set.

  Below, the 1st Example of the wheel deterioration diagnostic apparatus of the moving body which concerns on this invention using FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 3 is described.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a track composed of a pair of rail members 1a and 1b that have a wheel traveling surface on which a rotatable wheel 14 provided in the moving body 10 comes into contact and rolls to guide the course of the moving body 10.
Reference numeral 2 denotes an inspection rail which forms a rail member 1a and is provided at an appropriate interval. A wheel running surface formed on the rail member 1a adjacent to the upstream half of the moving body traveling direction (arrow 7) of the entire length. 4, a wheel traveling surface 4 that is flush with the wheel traveling surface 4 is formed, and a recessed portion 2 a that is lower than the wheel traveling surface 4 is formed on the downstream half in the moving body traveling direction. Reference numeral 3 denotes an inspection rail that forms a rail member 1b and is provided at an appropriate interval. A wheel running surface formed on the rail member 1b adjacent to the upstream half of the moving body traveling direction (arrow 7) of the entire length. 4 is formed with a wheel travel surface 4 that is on the same plane as the wheel travel surface 4 formed on the adjacent rail member 1b. Yes.

  Reference numerals 5 and 6 denote limit switches. When the wheels 14 reach a predetermined position on the track 1, when the dogs 10a and 10b provided on the moving body 10 press the limit switches, they act on the vibration analyzer 17 to collect vibration information. Let it begin.

  Reference numeral 10 denotes a moving body, which is rectangular in plan view, and has wheel supports 11 attached to the four corners of the upper surface corner, and an axle 12 whose axis is horizontal is attached to the support 11. A wheel 14 is rotatably attached to the axle 12 via a radial ball bearing 13.

Reference numeral 15 denotes a vibration collection sensor that is attached to the lower surface of the inspection rail 2 and collects vibration information generated by the radial ball bearing 13 and the wheels 14 via the inspection rail 2, and is connected to the vibration analysis device 17. Reference numeral 16 denotes a vibration collection sensor that is attached to the lower surface of the inspection rail 3 and collects vibration information generated by the radial ball bearing 13 and the wheels 14 via the inspection rail 3, and is connected to the vibration analysis device 17.
As shown in FIG. 10, the vibration collection sensor 15, the vibration collection sensor 16, and the vibration analysis device 17 constitute a wheel deterioration analysis device. Reference numeral 17 denotes a known vibration analysis device capable of taking vibration data sent from the vibration collecting sensors 15 and 16 into a CPU and outputting data obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT) to an external device such as a display device. It is a vibration analysis device that can store and process the vibration level transition of a specific frequency in a time series by performing known processing such as FFT).

The operation of the above configuration will be described.
1 to 3, after the moving body 10 moves in the direction of the arrow 7 in FIG. 1 and the moving body specifying device (not shown) specifies the individual number of the moving body (for example, the number assigned to the moving body), the front wheels are inspected. When placed on the rails 2 and 3 (or immediately before the front wheels are placed on the inspection rails 2 and 3), the dog 10 a presses the limit switch 5. As a result, the limit switch works on the vibration analyzing device 17 to start collecting vibration information by the vibration collecting sensors 15 and 16, and after collecting the vibration information within a predetermined time, the vibration information collecting operation is finished. At this time, since the left front wheel 14 always moves in contact with the wheel running surface 4 of the inspection rail 2 while rolling, strong vibration generated at that time is caused by the vibration collecting sensor 15 attached to the lower surface of the inspection rail 2. Collected reliably. On the other hand, since the right front wheel moves on the recess 3a formed on the inspection rail 3 and passes over the inspection rail 3 but is not in contact with it, the vibration collecting sensor 16 attached to the lower surface of the inspection rail 3 (such as noise) ) Collect only weak vibrations.

  When the moving body 10 further advances, the left front wheel passes through the wheel running surface 4 of the inspection rail 2, while the dog 10a presses the limit switch 6 when the right front wheel starts rolling on the wheel running surface 4 of the inspection rail 3. To do. As a result, the limit switch 6 works on the vibration analysis device 17 and vibration information collection by the vibration collection sensors 15 and 16 is started. At this time, since the left front wheel 14 moves on the recess 2a formed on the inspection rail 2 and passes over the inspection rail 2 but is not in contact, the vibration collecting sensor 15 attached to the lower surface of the inspection rail 2 is ( Collect only weak vibrations (such as noise). On the other hand, since the right front wheel always moves in contact with the wheel running surface 4 of the inspection rail 3 while rolling, the strong vibration generated at that time is surely detected by the vibration collecting sensor 16 attached to the lower surface of the inspection rail 3. Collected.

  When the wheel 14 is normal, it does not contact the recesses 2a and 3a as described above. However, when the radial ball bearing 13 is damaged and the ball is dropped, the wheel 14 is moved down in contact with the concave portion because the axle of the wheel 14 falls below the axle of the axle 12 due to its own weight. Then, when the vibration collection sensors 15 and 16 collect the vibration and send it to the vibration analysis device 17, the vibration analysis device 17 sends "wheel dropout" data to the display device, and the display device displays "wheel dropout".

  When the moving body 10 further advances and the front wheels pass the inspection rails 2 and 3 while the rear wheels are placed on the inspection rails 2 and 3 (or just before the rear wheels are placed on the inspection rails 2 and 3), the dog 10b Press the limit switch 5. As a result, the limit switch 5 works on the vibration analysis device 17 to start and end the vibration information collection as described above. Also at this time, since the left rear wheel 14 moves in contact with the wheel running surface 4 of the inspection rail 2, strong vibration is similarly collected by the vibration collecting sensor 15. On the other hand, since the right rear wheel moves on the recess 3a formed on the inspection rail 3 and passes over the inspection rail 3 but is not in contact with it, the vibration collecting sensor 16 similarly collects weak vibration (such as noise). . When the moving body 10 further advances, the left rear wheel passes through the wheel running surface 14 of the inspection rail 2, while the dog 10 b turns the limit switch 6 when the right rear wheel starts moving on the wheel running surface 4 of the inspection rail 3. Press. As a result, the limit switch 6 works on the vibration analysis device 17 to start and end the vibration information collection as described above.

In this way, vibration information generated by the wheels each time the wheels 14 pass the inspection rail one by one is accumulated in the vibration analysis device 17, and the vibration data of the left and right front and rear wheels is stored in time series for each moving body. In this way, the vibration collecting sensors 15 and 16 attached to the inspection rails 2 and 3 collect vibration information that changes as the deterioration of the wheel progresses, and also collect vibration information that the wheel has fallen. In response to the instruction, the display device instructs the wheel life prediction and the wheel replacement.
For example, when the “wheel drop” signal is received, the vibration information collected before the wheel drop time is subjected to fast Fourier transform, and the integrated value (area) of the vibration level of the dominant frequency with a high vibration level and the arbitrary frequency around it The correlation between the area and the cumulative rolling time of the wheel is calculated by a statistical method when multiple are called (or the peak value of the vibration level of multiple dominant frequencies). The frequency (1200 to 1300 hertz in FIG. 6) is extracted.
Thereafter, the frequency range is registered as a frequency to be monitored, and a vibration level (area in FIG. 6) at which a danger signal is output manually or automatically is set. As a result, the life of the replaced wheel is predicted from the vibration level in the dominant frequency region left by the dropped wheel, and when the vibration level reaches a certain level or more, a danger signal is output to prepare for component replacement.

FIG. 6 will be described.
FIG. 6 shows the collected vibration data subjected to fast Fourier transform, and the area surrounded by the peak value of the vibration level at each frequency and the interval of the frequency of 1000 Hz is quantified and expressed by the cumulative rolling time of the wheel. It can be seen that the frequency range in which the vibration level (indicated by an area index in the example of the figure) is significantly higher than the cumulative rolling time is 1200 to 1300 hertz. This frequency range is monitored as the dominant frequency range, and if the vibration level in this frequency range exceeds a certain level (and the vibration level index is the amplitude, vibration energy, acceleration, frequency of exceeding the specified vibration level, etc.) An alarm is issued prompting replacement of the bearing.

  In this embodiment, a wheel traveling surface provided on the inspection rail is integrally formed with a wheel traveling surface in which the wheels come into contact with the inspection rail and rolls, and a recess that is lower than the traveling surface and does not contact a normal wheel. The wheel running surface provided on the rail member adjacent to the inspection rail is on the same plane. However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the inspection rail adjacent to the rail member 1a (or 1b) through a gap is, for example, a difference in height between the wheel running surface and the concave portion of the rail member having the same cross section as the rail member 1a (or 1b). The inspection rail is configured by connecting with a height difference corresponding to the rail, and the wheel traveling surface of the inspection rail is arranged on the same plane as the wheel traveling surface provided on the adjacent rail member 1a (or 1b). You may set up.

  In the configuration in which the wheel 14 is attached to the moving body 10 via the wheel support 11 and the distance between the wheel and the moving body is fixed as in the present embodiment, when the number of wheels is four or more, only the worst three wheels. As shown in FIG. 9, the inspection rails 21 and 31 are appropriately shifted with respect to the traveling direction so that the wheel traveling surface on the inspection rail is shifted from the wheel traveling surface on the adjacent rail member. In the same way as in the previous example, while the left wheel passes the wheel running surface on the left inspection rail, the right wheel passes through the non-contact rail member while the right wheel You may arrange | position so that a left wheel may pass non-contact with an adjacent rail member, while passing the wheel running surface on a right inspection rail. Moreover, you may form the convex part which the wheel 14 can get over on the wheel running surface 4 with which the inspection rails 2 and 3 of the above-mentioned Example were equipped.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the connecting member 22 for connecting the left and right wheel supports 11, 11 is pivoted to the moving body 10 via a pivot 20 attached to a bearing member protruding from the center of the moving body 10. In the configuration in which the distance between the wheel and the moving body can be freely changed, even if four or more wheels are provided, the wheel connected by the connecting member 22 is grounded on the same plane, so that the recess 2a. , 3a can be used.

  In the inspection rails 21 and 31 at this time, the recesses 2a and 3a are eliminated. Instead, as shown in FIG. 5, a hole 41a that opens to a hollow portion where the wheel rolls is passed, and wheel detection sensors 55a and 55b are disposed through the hole 41a. The wheel detection sensor may be a transmission type ultrasonic sensor or a transmission type photoelectric sensor. As a result, during the inspection that is started when the limit switch 6 is pressed by the dog 10a or 10b, there is nothing that blocks the sound wave or the optical axis in the space connecting the holes 41a that exist above and below if it is a normal wheel. The wheel detection sensors 55a and 55b do not react. However, as described above, the radial ball bearing 13 is damaged and the ball falls off, so that the wheel 14 has an axial center behind the axle 12 (the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the moving body = 2). Therefore, the wheel exists in the space connecting the holes 41a, the sound wave and the optical axis are blocked, and the wheel detection sensors 55a and 55b detect the breakage of the radial ball bearing.

  In addition, since the wheel running surface provided on the inspection rail only needs to be brought into contact with the wheel provided on the moving body and roll, there is a difference in height with respect to the wheel running surface of the adjacent rail member depending on the wheel support structure. There may be. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, if the front and rear wheels can be pivoted via the pivot 20, the wheels are transferred between the wheel running surface provided on the inspection rail and the wheel running surface of the adjacent rail member. There may be a possible height difference. In short, what is necessary is just to arrange | position so that a wheel may contact and contact the wheel running surface of an inspection rail according to a wheel support structure.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the cross section of the inspection rail is arranged so that the opening side of the rail member 51 having a “U” cross section is opposed to the wheel support member 52 so that the wheel running surface of the rail member 51 can roll. Needless to say, it can also be used in a structure for mounting a pair of wheels.

  Moreover, although the space | gap part was provided between the inspection rail and the adjacent rail member, it does not restrict to this. In other words, a solid that transmits a sound at a low speed (a solid that transmits a sound at a low speed, such as a cloth or a bubble-containing plastic or rubber) may be sandwiched between the inspection rail and the rail member.

  In the above-described embodiment, a ball bearing is used. However, a bearing in which a ball or a roller is rotatably inserted between an inner race and an outer race of a bearing component such as a roller bearing or a needle bearing may be used.

By the way, the abnormal wheel detection means for detecting the detached wheel has the following advantages.
1) You can see the fact that the wheel is off the axle.
2) Notify that the anti-friction member such as radial ball bearing has been used until the end of its life due to the wheel being detached.
On the other hand, the disadvantage is
1) Since it is suddenly found that the product has been damaged, the production facility is suddenly forced to stop production.
2) In order to replace the damaged part with a new part, production is stopped until the part is replaced.

On the other hand, a wheel deterioration monitoring device that collects vibration information and monitors wheel deterioration in a time series has the following advantages.
1) As shown in FIG. 6, the vibration level of a certain frequency rises significantly as the cumulative rolling time of the wheel becomes longer (the dominant frequency varies depending on the structure of the moving body). It is possible to predict the wheel breakage time by grasping the transition of the wheel in time series.
2) Parts can be arranged and parts can be obtained before damage based on prediction.
3) Since the obtained parts can be replaced when not in operation, such as on holidays, production stoppage of the production facility can be avoided.
On the other hand, the disadvantage is
1) Since vibration information is collected through separate inspection rails, continuous vibration data cannot be obtained. For this reason, it is possible to collect the vibration information of the wheel that has caused an abnormality on the inspection rail, but it is not possible to collect the abnormality information that has occurred on other rails.
2) Even if it is predicted that the bearing will be damaged in the near future from the vibration information, if the bearing is actually damaged on another rail, the peak value of the vibration level at the dominant frequency will be drastically reduced. Despite being damaged, the frequency waveform is similar to that when the bearing is not damaged, so wheel failure is overlooked.
3) The vibration level of the dominant frequency increases as the speed of the moving body increases and the weight increases, while it decreases as the speed decreases and the weight decreases. For this reason, even when the same moving object has a weight difference or a speed difference, the fluctuation in the vibration level of the dominant frequency is large, so that the prediction of the breakage time is large. For this reason, the period during which the replacement part is owned as a stock becomes longer.
4) As described above, there is a large variation in the prediction of breakage time, so if it is replaced with a new one as soon as possible in view of safety, parts that have not yet reached the end of their life are discarded, which is uneconomical.

On the other hand, when the above devices are combined, it can be seen that the vertical movement of the vibration level of the dominant frequency until the wheel breaks and the wheel breaks is a variation due to the difference in conditions acting on the wheels. In addition to having advantages, there are the following advantages.
1) Integration of vibration level peak values or dominant frequencies collected before the wheel drop-off time or arbitrary frequencies before and after the dominant frequency (in the example of FIG. 6, corresponding to 1200 to 1300 Hz) Analyzing the value (area) etc. by statistical methods reveals that the vibration level of the dominant frequency and the cumulative rolling time of the wheel are highly correlated, so the frequency and vibration level to be monitored are known, and the wheel life is more accurate. (Bearing life) becomes predictable.
2) These have the effect of significantly reducing the number of replacement parts in stock and the period of stock ownership.
3) Since the life prediction line for each wheel can be visualized, the presence of foreign matter between the wheel and the track, the lack of grease on the bearing, the wheel assembly failure, the bearing quality due to the vibration level deviating abnormally from the prediction line. Defects etc. come to be understood. Excellent effects are derived.

The side view of the 1st Example of the wheel deterioration diagnostic apparatus of the moving body which concerns on this invention. AA sectional drawing of FIG. The principal part front view of the 1st Example of the mobile body and track | orbit which concerns on this invention. The principal part front view of the moving body which concerns on this invention, and the other Example of a track | orbit. The side view of the test | inspection rail which shows the other Example of the means to detect dropping | omitting of a wheel. Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the analysis result of a vibration analyzer. Side view showing an example of a wheel connection structure used in the present invention The principal part front view which shows the cross-sectional example of the track | orbit used for this invention The top view which shows the other example of arrangement | positioning of the inspection rail which concerns on this invention Configuration diagram of the wheel deterioration analysis device used in the present invention

Explanation of symbols

1 Track 1a Rail member 1b Rail member 2 Inspection rail 2a Recess 3 Inspection rail 3a Recess 4 Wheel running surface 5 Limit switch 6 Limit switch 11 Wheel support 12 Axle 13 Radial ball bearing 14 Wheel 15 Vibration collecting sensor 16 Vibration collecting sensor 17 Vibration Analysis device

Claims (2)

  A wheel deterioration diagnosis device for a conveying device in which a wheel attached to a loadable moving body via an axle contacts and rolls on a track, and can detect the wheel whose axis is eccentric from the axis of the axle. An abnormal wheel detection means, a vibration collection sensor that is attached to an inspection rail that is spaced apart by forming a part of the track, and that detects vibration generated when the wheel rolls on the inspection rail, and one A wheel deterioration diagnosis device for a moving body, comprising: a vibration analysis device that collects vibration information through the vibration collection sensor while the wheel passes an inspection rail. The abnormal wheel detection means according to claim 1 monitors the abnormality of the wheel and the vibration information collected by the vibration analysis device according to claim 1 is subjected to fast Fourier transform to extract the dominant frequency and to extract the dominant frequency. Precise time before the time when the peak value is stored in time series and the abnormal wheel detection means detects the eccentric wheel from the axis of the axle, and the vibration analyzer detects the eccentric wheel by the signal. Calling a peak value of the frequency in time series, calculating a dominant frequency having a high correlation between the peak value of the dominant frequency and the elapsed time, registering the calculated dominant frequency as a monitoring frequency, and a vibration level of the monitoring frequency A value of a certain height or more is set as a threshold value, and an alarm signal is generated when the vibration level collected by the vibration collection sensor exceeds the threshold value. Diagnostic method

Images