JP2008036578A - Crusher equipped with pneumatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact crusher equipped with a pneumatic separator capable of efficiently and continuously separating a light matter and heavy matter in large quantity by a single unit. <P>SOLUTION: The pneumatic separator is constituted of an airtight upright duct for classifying a crushed object by virtue of an upward air flow into a light matter being conveyed upward and a heavy matter falling downward in the duct, a separate duct namely an air flow rate control duct disposed parallel to the upright duct for increasing/decreasing the flow rate of the air flowing upward in the upright duct by virtue of a damper disposed in the lower part of the air flow rate control duct, a heavy matter discharge port disposed below the lower ends of the upright duct and the air flow rate control duct for discharging the heavy matter outside via a wind box and a first openable/closable sealing member or a first rotary valve, a cyclone separator whose inlet port is connected to the upper end of the upright duct, a light matter discharge port disposed at the lower end of the cyclone separator for discharging the light matter outside via a second openable sealing member or a second rotary valve, and an air blower for sucking exhaust air and supplying the above wind box with pressurized air, which air blower is in communication with an air discharge port of the cyclone separator via a return pipe. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher with a wind power sorter used for pulverizing and sorting waste discharged from homes, business establishments, etc., for landfill, incineration or reuse.

In recent years, with the sophistication of living standards and mass production / consumption, the amount of general waste and industrial waste from households and business establishments has increased remarkably, and a wide range of items are often mixed.
These wastes are in various states, such as light pieces such as wood chips, plastic, paper, etc. entangled with or attached to heavy objects such as glass, metal, earth and sand. However, these various wastes are dealt with by using individual crushers and sorters according to the state of the waste, but this not only increases the investment and running costs of installing them. The work of transferring waste from the crusher to the sorter was also difficult.

On the other hand, a waste sorter that performs crushing and sorting continuously by combining a crusher and various sorters has been studied. For example, an apparatus has been proposed in which waste is crushed by a crushing apparatus and then sorted in combination with a wind power sorting apparatus (Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-145053 A

  The wind power sorting device is a device that sorts waste by the difference in falling speed. The degree of sorting is influenced not only by the weight of the waste but also by its shape, size, and mixing state. For example, in the case of waste in various states, such as wood, plastic, paper, and other lightweight objects entangled with or attached to heavy objects such as glass, metal, and earth and sand, the light and heavy objects are accurately sorted. There is a problem that it is difficult to do. For example, if a large amount of airflow is continuously blown, it is possible to separate intertwined and attached light objects from heavy objects, but the heavy objects are less likely to fall, and the accuracy of sorting is reduced. Running cost increases. In addition, sorting according to the waste to be supplied so that light and heavy items have a desired mixing ratio can be achieved, for example, by frequently changing the air volume of the air flow to ensure the desired degree of sorting. Is possible. However, for that purpose, it is necessary to frequently change the rotation speed of the motor of the blower that supplies the air flow, and there is a problem that the running cost increases.

  Therefore, the present invention is an apparatus that can continuously perform pulverization and sorting of wastes, even if the wastes are in various states such that light weights are entangled with or attached to heavy objects. An object of the present invention is to provide a crusher equipped with a wind power sorter that can be sorted with high accuracy and can sort light and heavy items at a desired mixing ratio and can reduce processing costs.

  In order to solve the above problems, a crusher with a wind power sorter according to the present invention is a crusher with a wind power sorter equipped with a wind power sorter that sorts a pulverized material supplied from a crusher into a heavy material and a light material. The wind power sorter is installed in parallel with the rising duct, an airtight rising duct for sorting the crushed material into a light weight object to be transported and a falling heavy object by an air flow of upward ventilation inside. A separate air duct that is provided at the lower end of the air volume adjustment duct that increases or decreases the flow rate of the upward air flow to the rising duct by a damper provided below, and the rising duct and the air volume adjusting duct. A heavy article take-out part for taking out a heavy article through a wind box and an openable / closable first seal part, a cyclone separating part having an inlet connected to an upper end part of the rising duct, and the cyclone A light-weight object take-out part that is provided at the lower end of the separator part and takes out through a second seal part capable of opening and closing the light-weight object, and is connected to the exhaust part of the cyclone separator part via a return pipe, And an air blowing section that sucks and supplies pressurized air to the wind box.

  In the crusher with a wind power sorter of the present invention, it is preferable to provide an airflow passage formed of a meandering pipe having a plurality of bent portions, which is erected substantially vertically in a rising duct.

  The crusher with a wind power sorter according to the present invention includes a rectangular parallelepiped casing in which the crusher has a supply port for feeding an object to be processed at the top and a discharge port for crushed material at the bottom, and the inside of the casing. A rotary crushing portion fixed to at least one rotary shaft that is rotatably supported by the rotary crushing portion and crushing the object to be processed, and spaced apart from the rotary crushing portion on the discharge port side to pass the crushed material. It is preferable to have a screen having a large number of holes, and a transport unit that is disposed below the discharge port and carries out the crushed material that has passed through the screen.

  In the crusher with a wind power sorter according to the present invention, the transport unit is composed of a transport pipe and a screw conveyor disposed in the transport pipe, and a ventilation space is secured above the screw conveyor. Is preferred.

  According to the present invention, the wind power sorter is provided with an airtight rising duct that sorts a crushed material into a heavy object and a falling heavy object that are transported by an upwardly flowing air flow, and a rising duct and a partition plate. The air flow adjustment duct that increases or decreases the flow rate of the upward air flow to the rising duct is provided by the damper that is separated and provided below, so the opening of the damper can be adjusted according to the properties of the crushed material to be supplied. By adjusting and changing the amount of air rising to the duct, the separation of light and heavy objects can be promoted and the sorting ability can be enhanced. The amount of air to the rising duct can be increased or decreased by changing the rotation speed of the blower motor. However, according to the present invention, the running cost is reduced compared to the case where the rotation speed of the blower motor is frequently changed. can do. In addition, since it is possible to perform wind power selection in a closed cycle state in which the seal part of the heavy-weight take-out part and the light-weight take-out part and the seal part where the crushed material is conveyed are closed, a bug filter for external discharge is not required. In addition, the maintenance and management of the apparatus is easy and the cost can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an example of the structure of a crusher A with a wind power sorter according to the present embodiment. The crusher with a wind sorter according to the present invention includes a crusher 1 and a wind sorter 2.

  The crusher 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped casing 3 having a supply port 4 for feeding an object to be processed at an upper portion and a discharge port 5 for a crushed material at a lower portion, and at least a shaft rotatably supported in the casing. A rotary crushing unit 7 fixed to one rotating shaft 6 and crushing the object to be processed, and a screen 8 provided on the discharge port 5 side outside the rotary crushing unit 7 and having a number of holes through which the crushed material passes. And a transport unit 9 that is disposed below the discharge port 5 and carries the crushed material that has passed through the screen 8.

  The casing 3 is supported on the leg stand 10 so as to straddle the conveying unit 9 that carries out the crushed pieces, and has a grid-like screen 8 on the bottom surface and side surfaces. The screen 8 screen is formed between a plurality of cross members that also function as fixed blades spaced equidistantly in the longitudinal direction, and a fixed blade member that forms screens with an equal pitch orthogonal to them. Has been. The fixed blade member that forms the mesh of the screen 8 that determines the size of the crushed pieces and the crossing material are pre-made as several lattice units for each size of the mesh, and can be exchanged as a unit as appropriate. It is configured.

  The hopper 11 provided in the supply port 4 can restrict the position and size of the supply port 4 according to the crushing method. Depending on the position and size of the supply port, the discharge port 5 can also be limited by a limiting bottom plate (not shown).

  As the rotary crushing portion 7, a screw-type crushing portion in which a breaking blade rotor is provided along the axial direction of the rotary shaft 6 so as to be close to a fixed blade mounted in the casing 3 can be used. . The rotating shaft 6 is supported by bearings with a thrust function on the front and rear end walls of the casing, and is rotationally driven by a reduction gear device that is rotationally driven by a motor 12 of a driving device via a power transmission device such as a chain and a sprocket wheel.

  The crushed material passes through the screen 8, falls on the conveyance unit 9, and is conveyed to the wind power sorter 2. The transport unit 9 includes a transport pipe 9 a and a screw conveyor 13 that is disposed in the transport pipe and has a tip end connected to the wind power sorter 2. A ventilation space 9 b is secured at the top of the screw conveyor 13. A motor 14 is connected to the drive source side of the screw conveyor 13, and a supply end is connected to the wind power sorter 2. Here, the inside of the crusher 1 becomes negative pressure by the air flow moving in the wind sorter 2, and the dust generated by crushing is conveyed into the wind sorter 2 through the ventilation space 9b. Therefore, even if dust is generated during crushing, it is not necessary to provide a separate dust collector in order to remove this dust.

  The crusher described in JP 2000-117133 A related to the application of the present applicant is attached with a broken blade rotor on one side in the axial direction of the rotating shaft and a shear blade rotor on the other side, A crusher that can grind hard waste and soft waste at once can also be used.

  The wind power sorter 2 has an airtight rising duct 20 that sorts the crushed material supplied to the lower part by the screw conveyor 13 into a lightweight material that is transported by an upwardly flowing air flow and a heavy material that falls. An air volume adjusting duct 22 that is installed separately from the rising duct 20 and that increases or decreases the flow rate of the airflow of the upward ventilation to the rising duct 20 by a damper 23 provided below; A heavy material take-out portion 26 that is provided at a lower end portion of the rising duct 21 and the air volume adjusting duct 22 and takes a heavy object to the outside through the wind box 25 and the first sealable portion 27 that can be opened and closed, and an upper end portion of the rising duct 20 A cyclone separating portion 30 having an inlet connected to the first and second cyclone separating portions 30 provided at the lower end of the cyclone separating portion 28 and capable of opening and closing a lightweight object. And a blower unit 24 connected to the exhaust part of the cyclone separator 28 via a return pipe 31 and sucking exhaust gas and supplying pressurized air to the wind box 25. Yes.

  The rising duct 20 has an airflow passage 21 that is formed substantially vertically and includes a meandering pipe having a plurality of bent portions. The air flow passage 21 is supplied with upwardly ventilated air from the blower 24 via the wind box 25. A heavy object in the crushed material falls by its own weight, but is broken while hitting a plurality of bent portions. On the other hand, the lightweight object is conveyed to the cyclone separator 28 by the upward air flow. A helical tube or a straight tube may be used instead of the meandering tube.

  A damper 23 is provided below the air volume adjusting duct 22, and the amount of crushed material supplied from the crusher 1 can be adjusted by changing the passage cross-sectional area of the air volume adjusting duct 22 by adjusting its opening degree. The amount of air flowing through the air volume adjusting duct 22 and the rising duct 20 can be adjusted according to the properties. For example, in the case of a crushed object in which a lightweight object is entangled with or attached to the heavy object, the damper 23 is closed or the opening degree is reduced to increase the amount of air flowing through the rising duct 20 to reduce the weight. An object can be easily unwound from a heavy object. When the degree of entanglement and adhesion is small, the opening degree of the damper 23 is increased to reduce the amount of air that rises and flows through the duct 20 so that heavy objects can easily fall due to their own weight, thereby separating light and heavy objects. Facilitate. Thereby, the sorting ability can be enhanced. Of course, as will be described later, it is possible to change the total amount of discharged air by changing the rotation speed of the inverter motor of the blower section 24. It is necessary to change the speed, which increases the running cost. On the other hand, since the opening degree of the damper is adjusted manually or by a motor in the present invention, the running cost can be reduced as compared with the method of changing the rotational speed of the inverter motor of the blower section.

  As the damper 23, a known damper mechanism used for changing the passage area of the airflow flowing in the duct can be used. For example, it is possible to use a rotation shaft that is pivotally supported by a bearing provided in a frame body provided in a duct, and a butterfly blade that is fixed to the rotation shaft and opens and closes a ventilation portion in the frame body. . In this case, one end of the rotating shaft can be extended to the outside and connected to the handle or the output shaft of the motor. It is also possible to use a slide type damper that changes the airflow passage area into a slide type.

  The air blower 24 is a centrifugal or axial flow fan that is rotationally driven by an inverter motor. The air blower 24 sucks a return air flow from the return pipe 31 from the cyclone separator and discharges a positive air flow to the discharge pipe. The discharge pipe is connected to the wind box 25 by a connecting pipe. Note that the entire discharge air amount can be changed by changing the rotation speed of the inverter motor.

  The air box 25 has a generally inverted truncated pyramid shape, and even if fluctuations occur in the discharge air pressure from the blower 24, the air box 25 absorbs the air in the space and equalizes it, and supplies the rising duct 20 with steady rectification. be able to. A first rotary seal valve 27 for picking up heavy objects is attached to the narrow lower surface of the wind box 25. The first rotary seal valve 27 for manually removing heavy objects is attached manually, and then rotated or rotated by a motor continuously or intermittently to the outside. It can be taken out.

  The cyclone separating unit 28 separates the lightweight object conveyed by the air flow from the rising duct 20 by applying centrifugal force with a swirling flow. A rotary seal valve 30 is provided continuously. The second rotary seal valve 30 can be manually collected as needed and then rotated, or it can be rotated by a motor so that a lightweight object can be taken out continuously or intermittently.

  In the present invention, since the wind power selection is performed in a state in which the seal part of the heavy material take-out port and the light product take-out port and the seal part of the transport unit are closed, a closed cycle in which the air flow circulates is formed, and the floating in the air flow is performed. The objects can gather together in the circulation and can be separated as a lightweight object in the cyclone separator. Compared to the open cycle in which the exhaust gas after separating the light weight by the cyclone separator is discharged through the bag filter, the bag filter is unnecessary, and there is an advantage that the maintenance management is easy.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of the crusher with a wind power sorter which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Wind sorter 3 Casing 4 Supply port 5 Discharge port 6 Rotating shaft 7 Rotating crushing part 8 Screen 9 Conveying part 9a Conveying pipe 9b Ventilation space 10 Leg stand 11 Hopper 12 Motor 13 Screw conveyor 14 Motor 20 Rising duct 21 Airflow Passage 22 Airflow adjustment duct 23 Damper 24 Air blower 25 Air box 26 Heavy material takeout part 27 First seal part 28 Cyclone separation part 29 Light weight takeout part 30 Second seal part 31 Return pipe A A crusher with wind power sorter.

Claims (4)

A crusher with a wind power sorter equipped with a wind power sorter that sorts pulverized material supplied from a crusher into heavy and light weight materials,
The wind power sorter
An airtight rising duct that sorts the crushed material into a light weight material to be transported and a heavy material to fall by an air flow of upward ventilation inside,
A separate duct erected in parallel with the rising duct, the air volume adjusting duct for increasing or decreasing the flow rate of the air flow of the upward ventilation to the rising duct by a damper provided below;
A heavy-weight take-out portion that is provided at a lower end portion of the rising duct and the air volume adjustment duct, and takes out a heavy load to the outside through a wind box and a first seal portion that can be opened and closed;
A cyclone separation part having an inlet connected to the upper end of the rising duct;
A light weight take-out portion that is provided at the lower end of the cyclone separation portion and takes out to the outside through a second seal portion capable of opening and closing the light weight;
A crusher with a wind power sorter, which is connected to an exhaust part of the cyclone separation part via a return pipe and has a blower part that sucks exhaust gas and supplies pressurized air to the wind box.   The crusher with a wind power sorter according to claim 1, wherein the rising duct has an airflow passage formed of a meandering pipe that is erected substantially vertically and has a plurality of bent portions.   The crusher has a rectangular parallelepiped casing having a supply port for feeding an object to be processed at the top and a discharge port for crushing material at the bottom, and at least one pivotally supported in the casing. A rotary crushing unit fixed to a rotary shaft for crushing the object to be processed, a screen provided on the outside of the rotary crushing unit on the discharge port side and having a large number of holes through which the crushed material passes, and the discharge port The crusher with a wind power sorter according to claim 1, further comprising: a conveyance unit that is disposed below the screen and carries out the crushed material that has passed through the screen. The said conveyance part has a conveyance pipe | tube and the screw conveyor arrange | positioned in this conveyance pipe | tube, The ventilation space is ensured above the screw conveyor. Crusher with wind sorter.

Images