JP2008017729A - Coating material for preventing adhesion of flying pesticides - Google Patents
Coating material for preventing adhesion of flying pesticides Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】不織布を利用するという新規な発想に基づく飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材を提供する。周辺作物の農薬散布時の際に、当該農薬の飛来による農薬散布対象外の作物への農薬付着防止機能を有し、かつ、作物の被覆材として、十分な軽量性、通気性、光線透過性を有する。
【解決手段】疎水性繊維より構成され、かつ、目付量１０〜４０ｇ／ｍ２、光線透過率５０％以上の不織布から成る飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材。
【選択図】なしDisclosed is a coating material for preventing adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals based on a novel idea of using a nonwoven fabric. When spraying agricultural chemicals in surrounding crops, it has a function to prevent the adhesion of agricultural chemicals to crops that are not subject to the application of agricultural chemicals by the arrival of the agricultural chemicals, and is sufficiently lightweight, breathable, and light transmissive as a covering material for crops Have
A coating material for preventing adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals, comprising a nonwoven fabric composed of hydrophobic fibers and having a basis weight of 10 to 40 g / m 2 and a light transmittance of 50% or more.
[Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材に関する。ここで、飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材とは、周辺作物の農薬散布時の際に、当該農薬の飛来による農薬散布対象外の作物への農薬付着防止のために使用される被覆材を意味する。 The present invention relates to a coating material for preventing adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals. Here, the coating material for preventing adhesion of flying pesticides means a coating material used for preventing adhesion of agricultural chemicals to crops that are not subject to spraying of agricultural chemicals due to the flying of the agricultural chemicals when spraying agricultural chemicals on surrounding crops. .
これまで、農作物の栽培においては、作物生育過程での病害虫による生育不良防止を目的として、各々の作物や栽培形態に適した各種農薬が使用され、農作物の高収穫化や、見栄えの良好で消費者受けのよい作物の収穫化の向上が図られている。 Until now, in the cultivation of crops, various pesticides suitable for each crop and cultivation form have been used for the purpose of preventing poor growth due to pests in the growing process of crops. The harvesting of crops that are well received by people is being improved.
しかしながら、最近、食品の安全基準の見直しの観点から、食品衛生法の一部改定（平成１５年法律第５５号）により、農作物に残留する登録農薬の規格（残留農薬基準）が規定され、この流れを受けて、最近の残留農薬によるポジティブリスト制度への移行（平成１８年５月２９日施行）により、今まで残留農薬基準値がない農薬にも０．０１ｐｐｍという低基準値が設定化された。そして、その結果を受けて、この基準値を超える農作物に対しては、生産物の出荷停止、回収などの厳しい対応が求められる状況となってきた。すなわち、これは、ある周辺作物への登録農薬散布時の際に、当該農薬の飛来（ドリフト）により、当該農薬登録外の農薬散布対象外の他の作物への飛来農薬付着が起きた場合には、当該対象外の作物への多大な被害を及ぼす事態となることを意味する。 However, recently, from the viewpoint of reviewing food safety standards, a partial revision of the Food Sanitation Law (Act No. 55 of 2003) has stipulated the standards for registered pesticides remaining on agricultural products (residual pesticide standards). In response to the trend, the recent transition to the positive list system for residual pesticides (implemented on May 29, 2006) has set a low standard value of 0.01 ppm for pesticides that have no residual pesticide standard value so far. It was. As a result, strict measures such as suspension of shipment and collection of products have been demanded for crops exceeding this reference value. In other words, this means that when a registered pesticide is sprayed on a nearby crop, the pesticide is attached to other crops that are not covered by the pesticide application due to the arrival (drift) of the pesticide. Means that it will cause a great deal of damage to non-target crops.
従来、農薬の形態は粉剤が主流であり、以前より、農薬のドリフト現象に関しては、対象作物への農薬散布効果、経済性、農薬散布作業者および周辺環境への安全衛生性の観点から大いに問題視されてきており、これまで、ドリフトを抑える手段の一つとして、ドリフト防止効果を付与する各種添加剤（ドリフト防止剤）の開発が進められ、ドリフト防止効果を有した各種農薬粉剤が提案されてきた(特許文献１〜３）。 Conventionally, the form of pesticides has been mainly powdered, and the drift phenomenon of pesticides has been a major problem from the viewpoint of the effect of spraying pesticides on target crops, economic efficiency, safety and hygiene to the pesticide spraying workers and the surrounding environment. So far, as one of the means to suppress the drift, various additives (drift preventing agents) that give the drift preventing effect have been developed, and various agrochemical powders having the drift preventing effect have been proposed. (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
しかしながら、ドリフト防止剤の使用では、前記の様な厳しい残留農薬基準を満足させることは不可能であると考えられ、最近では、農薬の形態は、農薬粉剤から水和剤、懸濁剤、乳剤などの水希釈系農薬の形態に主流が移行してきている。この場合、農薬散布の方法は、動力噴霧機や各種ブームスプレーヤによるノズルスプレー噴霧される方法が一般に採用されるが、噴霧された農薬は、一般に平均粒径が０．０２〜０．５ｍｍ程度の形態を有しているため、依然として、風などの影響を受け、空気中を飛散し、農薬散布対象外の他の作物栽培地域まで飛来して落下し、当該対象外の作物へ農薬付着現象を呈し、多大な被害をもたらす場合が発生する。これを改善する方法として、最近では、スプレーノズルの構造の改良を図り、ノズルスプレー噴霧される農薬の粒径を従来よりも大きくすることで、ドリフトによる農薬拡散・落下の距離を小さくして対処する方法も考案されているが、農薬散布時での対象作物への散布効果、経済性、ドリフト抑制効果の点で、決して十分な効果を挙げているとの実態ではない。 However, with the use of anti-drift agents, it is considered impossible to satisfy the strict residue pesticide standards as described above. Recently, the form of pesticides has changed from pesticide powders to wettable powders, suspensions, emulsions. The mainstream has shifted to the form of water-diluted pesticides. In this case, a method of spraying agricultural chemicals is generally a nozzle spray spraying method using a power sprayer or various boom sprayers, but sprayed agricultural chemicals generally have an average particle size of about 0.02 to 0.5 mm. Because it has a form, it is still affected by wind, etc., scattered in the air, flies to other crop cultivation areas not covered by agricultural chemicals, falls, and causes pesticides to adhere to crops that are not covered Presents and causes great damage. As a method to improve this, recently, the spray nozzle structure has been improved, and the particle size of the pesticide sprayed by the nozzle spray is made larger than before, thereby reducing the distance of diffusion and fall of the pesticide due to drift. Although a method has been devised, it is not the fact that it has shown a sufficient effect in terms of spraying effect on target crops at the time of spraying agricultural chemicals, economic efficiency, and drift suppression effect.
そこで、視点を変えて、当該農薬の飛来による農薬散布対象外の作物への農薬付着防止のために、従来の農業用ネット（防虫ネット）や農業用シートや農業用フィルム等を農薬散布対象外の作物用の被覆材に利用することが考えられるが、次の様に種々の問題が発生する。 Therefore, from a different perspective, conventional agricultural nets (insect repellent nets), agricultural sheets, and agricultural films are excluded from the application of pesticides in order to prevent pesticides from adhering to crops that are not covered by the application of the pesticides. Although it can be considered to be used as a covering material for crops, various problems occur as follows.
すなわち、農業用ネットは、目開きが１〜５ｍｍ程度と、目合いが比較的広く、その結果、飛来農薬付着防止用として使用しても農薬散布対象外の作物を守る効果は十分ではない。 That is, the agricultural net has a relatively wide mesh with an opening of about 1 to 5 mm. As a result, even if it is used for preventing the adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals, the effect of protecting crops that are not covered by agricultural chemicals is not sufficient.
農業用ビニールや農業用ポリエチレンや農業用ポリオレフィン等で代表される農業用シートや農業用フィルムは、機密性に優れるために飛来農薬付着防止用としての効果は十分であるが、逆に、通気性が著しく劣るため、被覆された作物が蒸れ、日中時の高温障害を来たすという問題を呈する。 Agricultural sheets and agricultural films represented by agricultural vinyl, agricultural polyethylene, agricultural polyolefin, etc. are excellent in confidentiality, so they are effective in preventing the adhesion of flying pesticides. Is extremely inferior, presenting a problem that the covered crops are stuffy and cause high temperature disturbances during the day.
遮光フィルムや遮光ネットは、被覆された作物の日中での高温障害の問題は緩和されるが、肝心の光線透過性が不足するため、作物の生育不良を来たすという新たな問題を呈する。 The light-shielding film and the light-shielding net alleviate the problem of high-temperature damage in the daytime of the covered crops, but present a new problem of poor crop growth due to the lack of essential light transmittance.
また、上記の農業用ネットや農業用シートや農業用フィルムは、比較的に嵩密度が高いため、飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材として、作物を直接に覆い隠す方法（所謂ベタ掛け）で使用した場合は、作物への重量的な負担を強いることとなり、育苗段階の作物や花卉類などの外的負荷に繊細な作物に対し、大いに支障を来たす場合があり、更に、作物への被覆作業を行なう実際の作業者への重労働の負担を強いることとなる。 Moreover, since the above-mentioned agricultural nets, agricultural sheets and agricultural films have a relatively high bulk density, they were used in a method of directly covering crops (so-called sticking) as a covering material for preventing the adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals. If this is the case, it will impose a heavy burden on the crop, which may greatly hinder the sensitive crops, such as crops at the seedling stage and flower buds. This imposes a heavy labor burden on the actual workers.
本発明は、上記の欠点を一挙に解決すべくなされたものであり、その目的は、不織布を利用するという新規な発想に基づく飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks all at once, and an object thereof is to provide a coating material for preventing adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals based on a novel idea of using a nonwoven fabric.
すなわち、本発明の要旨は、疎水性繊維より構成され、かつ、目付量１０〜４０ｇ／ｍ２、光線透過率５０％以上の不織布から成ることを特徴とする飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材に存する。 That is, the gist of the present invention resides in a coating material for preventing a pesticide adhesion, comprising a nonwoven fabric composed of hydrophobic fibers and having a basis weight of 10 to 40 g / m 2 and a light transmittance of 50% or more. .
本発明の飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材は、周辺作物の農薬散布時の際に、当該農薬の飛来による農薬散布対象外の作物への農薬付着防止機能を有し、かつ、作物の被覆材として、十分な軽量性、通気性、光線透過性を有する。 The coating material for preventing the adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals according to the present invention has a function of preventing the adhesion of agricultural chemicals to crops that are not subject to the application of agricultural chemicals due to the flying of the agricultural chemicals when the agricultural chemicals are sprayed on surrounding crops, and as a coating material for crops. , Have sufficient lightness, breathability and light transmittance.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明の飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材は不織布から構成されている。不織布の作製方法としては、例えば、乾式法、湿式法、直接法（スパンボンド法、メルトブロー法、フラッシュ紡糸法など）が挙げられる。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The coating material for preventing adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals of the present invention is composed of a nonwoven fabric. Examples of the method for producing the nonwoven fabric include a dry method, a wet method, and a direct method (spun bond method, melt blow method, flash spinning method, etc.).
本発明においては、疎水性繊維より構成される不織布を使用する。疎水性繊維は、実質的に水を吸収しないため、その表面に水系や水希釈形態の微粒状の農薬が飛来して落下してしても、撥水現象を呈し、裏面（作物に接触する側）に滲み出してくることが少なく、従って、作物への良好な飛来農薬付着防止機能を発現することができる。なお、ここで、疎水性とは、一定面積の不織布を使用し、ＪＩＳ Ｋ７２０９に準じて吸水率を測定し、吸水率が０．１％以下であることを意味する。 In the present invention, a nonwoven fabric composed of hydrophobic fibers is used. Hydrophobic fibers do not substantially absorb water, so even if water-based or water-diluted fine pesticides fly and fall on the surface, they exhibit a water-repellent phenomenon and come into contact with the back surface (in contact with crops). Side)), and therefore, it can exhibit a good function to prevent the adhering of agricultural chemicals to crops. Here, hydrophobic means that a non-woven fabric having a certain area is used, the water absorption is measured according to JIS K7209, and the water absorption is 0.1% or less.
不織布を構成する繊維としては、不織布としての強度、経済性、生産性などの観点から、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエステル（芯）／ポリエチレン（鞘）の２層構造体などが好適に使用される。繊維径は、通常１〜１５デニール、好ましくは２〜１２デニールである。 As a fiber constituting the nonwoven fabric, a polypropylene resin, a polyethylene resin, a polyester resin, a polyester (core) / polyethylene (sheath) two-layer structure, etc. are preferable from the viewpoint of strength, economy, and productivity as the nonwoven fabric. used. The fiber diameter is usually 1 to 15 denier, preferably 2 to 12 denier.
また、本発明で使用する不織布の目付量は、１０〜４０ｇ／ｍ２でなければならない。不織布の目付量が１０ｇ／ｍ２未満の場合は、不織布被覆材としての使用に耐え得るだけの十分な強度が発現されず、また、不織布としての目開きが大きくなるために、飛来農薬付着防止性能が不十分となる場合がある。一方、目付量が４０ｇ／ｍ２を超える場合は、光線透過性や通気性が低下し、不織布を作物に被覆した際に、被覆期間内での作物の日照不足や蒸れ現象を呈して生育に支障をきたす。目付量は、好ましくは１２〜３５ｇ／ｍ２である。 Moreover, the fabric weight of the nonwoven fabric used by this invention must be 10-40 g / m < 2 >. When the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is less than 10 g / m 2 , sufficient strength that can withstand use as a nonwoven fabric coating material is not expressed, and the opening of the nonwoven fabric is increased, which prevents adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals. Performance may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the weight per unit area exceeds 40 g / m 2, the light transmittance and air permeability are reduced, and when the non-woven fabric is coated on the crop, the crop is insufficiently sunshine and stuffy within the covering period, which hinders growth. Bring The basis weight is preferably 12 to 35 g / m 2 .
また、本発明で使用する不織布の光線透過性は、５０％以上でなければならない。光線透過性が５０％未満の場合は、被覆期間内での作物の日照不足を呈し、上記と同様に、生育に支障をきたす。光線透過性は、好ましくは６０％以上である。 Moreover, the light transmittance of the nonwoven fabric used by this invention must be 50% or more. When the light transmittance is less than 50%, the crops show insufficient sunshine within the covering period, and the growth is hindered as described above. The light transmittance is preferably 60% or more.
なお、本発明で使用する不織布には、農業用被覆資材として必要な各種添加剤、例えば紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、耐候安定剤、滑剤、各種界面活性剤などを適宜含有させることが出来る。 In addition, the nonwoven fabric used by this invention can be made to contain suitably various additives required as an agricultural coating | covering material, for example, a ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant, a weathering stabilizer, a lubricant, various surfactants, etc.
本発明の本発明の飛来農薬付着防止用被覆材の使用方法としては、それにより対象作物を被覆する方法であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、べた掛け、トンネル掛け、浮き掛け等が挙げられる。 The method of using the coating material for preventing the application of the flying pesticide according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for covering the target crop, and examples thereof include sticking, tunneling, and floating.
以下、本発明を更に詳細に説明するために行った試験例を示す。なお、以下の諸例で採用した物性の測定方法は次の通りである。 Hereinafter, test examples carried out for explaining the present invention in more detail will be shown. In addition, the measuring method of the physical property employ | adopted in the following examples is as follows.
（１）吸水率：
ＪＩＳ Ｋ７２０９に準拠して測定した。
(1) Water absorption rate:
The measurement was performed according to JIS K7209.
（２）光線透過率：
財団法人日本化学繊維検査協会の透光率試験法に準拠して測定した。
(2) Light transmittance:
The measurement was performed in accordance with the transmittance test method of the Japan Chemical Fiber Inspection Association.
（３）飛来農薬付着防止のモデル試験による飛来通過の噴霧水滴付着量の測定方法：
密閉化された農業用ポリオレフィンハウス内に、図１に示す様に、専用スプレーノズル噴霧装置（１）、大型送風機（２）、不織布（３）被覆試料箱（４）を設営し、飛来通過の噴霧水滴付着量の測定装置を構築した。図１中の寸法関係は表１に示す通りである。
(3) Measuring method for the amount of sprayed water droplets adhering to airborne by a model test for prevention of adhering agricultural chemicals:
As shown in FIG. 1, a special spray nozzle spray device (1), a large blower (2), and a non-woven fabric (3) coated sample box (4) are set up in a sealed agricultural polyolefin house, A device for measuring the amount of sprayed water droplets was constructed. The dimensional relationship in FIG. 1 is as shown in Table 1.
そして、飛来付着の原因となる噴霧水を大型送風機（２）で送り、所定時間の間で各種不織布（３）を通過して被覆試料箱（４）の中に入り込む噴霧水量を、被覆試料箱（４）の中に設置された感水試験紙（５）への噴霧水滴付着量（水滴付着面積率）から測定評価を行なった。なお、試験条件は次の表２に示す通りである。 Then, the spray water that causes the flying adhesion is sent by the large blower (2), and the amount of spray water that passes through the various nonwoven fabrics (3) and enters the coated sample box (4) within a predetermined time is determined by the coated sample box. Measurement evaluation was performed from the amount of sprayed water droplet adhesion (water droplet adhesion area ratio) to the water-sensitive test paper (5) installed in (4). The test conditions are as shown in Table 2 below.
試験例１：
スパンボンド成形機を使用し、４デニールのポリプロピレン樹脂製の繊維から成り、吸水率０．１％以下、目付量３０ｇ／ｍ２、光線透過率６５％の疎水性の不織布を作成した。この不織布被覆材を使用し、上記の飛来農薬付着防止のモデル試験による飛来通過の噴霧水滴付着量を測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Test Example 1:
Using a spunbond molding machine, a hydrophobic non-woven fabric made of 4-denier polypropylene resin fibers, having a water absorption of 0.1% or less, a basis weight of 30 g / m 2 , and a light transmittance of 65% was prepared. Using this non-woven fabric covering material, the amount of sprayed water droplets adhering to the flying passage was measured by the above model test for preventing the adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals. The results are shown in Table 3.
試験例２：
スパンボンド成形機を使用し、３デニールのポリプロピレン樹脂製の繊維から成り、吸水率０．１％以下、目付量１８ｇ／ｍ２、光線透過率８０％の疎水性の不織布を作成した。この不織布被覆材を使用し、上記の飛来農薬付着防止のモデル試験による飛来通過の噴霧水滴付着量を測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Test example 2:
Using a spunbond molding machine, a hydrophobic non-woven fabric made of 3 denier polypropylene resin fibers, having a water absorption of 0.1% or less, a basis weight of 18 g / m 2 and a light transmittance of 80% was prepared. Using this non-woven fabric covering material, the amount of sprayed water droplets adhering to the flying passage was measured by the above model test for preventing the adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals. The results are shown in Table 3.
試験例３：
スパンボンド成形機を使用し、８デニールのポリプロピレン樹脂製の繊維から成り、吸水率０．１％以下、目付量３０ｇ／ｍ２、光線透過率７０％の疎水性の不織布を作成した。この不織布被覆材を使用し、上記の飛来農薬付着防止のモデル試験による飛来通過の噴霧水滴付着量を測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Test Example 3:
Using a spunbond molding machine, a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric made of 8 denier polypropylene resin fibers, having a water absorption of 0.1% or less, a basis weight of 30 g / m 2 , and a light transmittance of 70% was prepared. Using this non-woven fabric covering material, the amount of sprayed water droplets adhering to the flying passage was measured by the above model test for preventing the adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals. The results are shown in Table 3.
比較試験例１：
スパンボンド成形機を使用し、４デニールのポリプロピレン樹脂製の繊維から成り、吸水率０．１％以下、目付量６０ｇ／ｍ２、光線透過率３５％の疎水性の不織布を作成した。この不織布被覆材を使用し、上記の飛来農薬付着防止のモデル試験による飛来通過の噴霧水滴付着量を測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Comparative test example 1:
Using a spunbond molding machine, a hydrophobic non-woven fabric made of 4-denier polypropylene resin fibers, having a water absorption of 0.1% or less, a basis weight of 60 g / m 2 and a light transmittance of 35% was prepared. Using this non-woven fabric covering material, the amount of sprayed water droplets adhering to the flying passage was measured by the above model test for preventing the adhesion of flying agricultural chemicals. The results are shown in Table 3.
比較試験例２：
市販の防虫ネット（ダイオ化成社製「ダイオサンシャインＳ２０００」、目合１ｍｍ、光線透過率９０％）を被覆材として使用し、上記の飛来農薬付着防止のモデル試験による飛来通過の噴霧水滴付着量を測定した。結果を表３に示す。
Comparative test example 2:
Using a commercially available insect repellent net (“Dio Sunshine S2000” manufactured by Dio Kasei Co., Ltd., 1 mm mesh, 90% light transmittance) as a coating material, It was measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
１：専用スプレーノズル噴霧装置
２：大型送風機
３：不織布
４：被覆試料箱
５：感水試験紙
1: Dedicated spray nozzle spray device 2: Large blower 3: Non-woven fabric 4: Covered sample box 5: Water sensitive test paper
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| JP2006190224A JP2008017729A (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2006-07-11 | Coating material for preventing adhesion of flying pesticides |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2021006128A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| WO2021006127A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Manufacturing method for positive electrode active material for lithium-ion secondary battery |
| WO2021006129A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| WO2021006125A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium-ion secondary cell, and lithium-ion secondary cell |
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| JPS61128955U (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-13 | ||
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| JPS61128955U (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-13 | ||
| JPS62181142U (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1987-11-17 | ||
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| WO2021006127A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Manufacturing method for positive electrode active material for lithium-ion secondary battery |
| WO2021006129A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| WO2021006125A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium-ion secondary cell, and lithium-ion secondary cell |
| WO2021006124A1 (en) | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Positive electrode active material for lithium-ion secondary cell, and lithium-ion secondary cell |
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