JP2008013736A - Charcoal manufacturing apparatus using biomass as fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problems that the conventional waste/garbage carbonization apparatus poses, wherein the apparatus is large-sized because the apparatuses for manufacturing saturated steam and superheated steam and the carbonization furnace have each different structures thus to lead to the disadvantage of a higher installation cost, that the apparatus mostly uses fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas as the heat source thus resulting in a higher running cost, and so forth. <P>SOLUTION: Provided is a simple charcoal manufacturing apparatus having an organic wastes treating function, in which the apparatuses for manufacturing the saturated steam and the superheated steam, the carbonization furnace and the combustion iron pot having the biomass fuel makeup function are integrated. Namely, a flame stack is erected to the vertical direction in the manner of penetrating the furnace ceiling of the carbonization furnace, in the inside of this flame stack or in the combustion iron pot there are installed a boiler and coiled tubes for producing the superheated steam, and the structure is adopted in which the superheated steam generated using the biomass as the heat source is blown in the furnace. The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis in the furnace is sucked through the pyrolysis gas sucking port installed in the bottom of the flame stack, reduced to be smokeless and odorless and then discharged as the exhaust gas. In the interim the furnace inside becomes a reducing atmosphere by the superheated steam, and by the energy of the superheated steam the organic residues in the furnace becomes carbonized substances. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization device for organic matter such as general waste, garbage, sludge and human waste as well as wood and bamboo, and relates to a carbonization device characterized by using the same kind of organic energy as a heat source for the fuel required for carbonization. is there.

It is already known to carbonize organic matter such as garbage and sludge using superheated steam. In order to use superheated steam, it must first be made. To produce superheated steam, it is necessary to first boil water to produce saturated steam, and then superheat the resulting saturated steam to produce superheated steam.
As disclosed in Patent Document 1, a conventional carbonization apparatus has a structure in which a saturated steam production apparatus, a steam superheater, and a carbonization furnace for blowing superheated steam are separate structures, and the apparatus is increased in size. Has the disadvantage of becoming extremely high.
Carbonization is extremely effective in reducing the volume and recycling of waste. Or there is an advantage which can be used effectively as a soil conditioner or a humidity control agent. However, carbonization requires a heat source for pyrolyzing the organic matter to be carbonized, and fossil fuels such as oil and gas are commonly used as the heat source. If it can be easily removed from waste, it is more convenient and inexpensive, and it is very preferable from the viewpoint of global warming countermeasures.

JP 2000-63848 A

Although fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas have soared in price, they are still used in all facilities because of their convenience and versatility of equipment used. However, these fossil fuels are limited resources. In addition, the adverse effect on the global warming countermeasures is not small.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and its purpose is to easily carbonize the biomass or organic waste by using locally reproducible biomass or organic waste as a heat source. It is to provide a carbonization apparatus capable of performing the above. In fact, if left untreated as sludge, toxic gases and methane will adversely affect global warming. Even in terms of CO ₂ absorption and emission, a 1: 1 ratio of biomass is used as fuel to generate these wastes. Thus, if it can be reduced in volume and converted to a fuel with high calorie so-called calories, it is very favorable not only for resource recovery but also for global warming countermeasures.

The above-mentioned problems related to the carbonization furnace can be solved by the carbonization furnace of the present invention having the following configuration.
That is, the structure of the carbonization furnace of the present invention is
1. A flame cylinder is erected in the vertical direction through the ceiling of the closed furnace body with the organic material inlet, and the lower end of this flame cylinder is connected to the combustion kettle, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the upper end of the flame cylinder. A superheater pipe for generating superheated steam is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the outer periphery of the flame cylinder, and a serpentine pipe for generating superheated steam is arranged in the vertical direction between the superheater pipe and the flame cylinder, and the lower part of the serpentine pipe is sealed The boiler is connected to an injection nozzle that injects superheated steam into the furnace body, and the boiler is equipped with a boiler function that generates saturated steam, and the outlet of the saturated steam generated from the boiler is used to generate superheated steam. Directly connected to the inlet side of the serpentine tube, and the inlet side of the boiler tube is directly connected to the water supply port. The organic matter thrown into the furnace generates pyrolysis gas by the combustion heat of the furnace in the furnace. The pyrolysis gas is jetted from the pyrolysis gas suction port provided in the lower part of the flame cylinder to the upper part of the flame cylinder in the vertical direction, and the upper part of the flame cylinder is provided with an inlet for forcibly blowing air. A compact carbonization furnace having a function of generating superheated steam and heat treatment of the pyrolysis gas by combining and combusting the residual heat of the combustion kettle, the pyrolysis gas, and the blown air.
In the above configuration,
2. The combustion furnace of the carbonization furnace is equipped with an ignition burner, an incineration ash receiving grate, and a rotary hearth with a reverse ash removal function, and with a fuel replenishment function capable of continuously supplying organic fuel such as wood chips. The ignition burner is selected according to the installation location regardless of the type of oil burner or gas burner, and in some cases, ignition by match may be used.

1, carbonization function and saturated steam generator, superheated steam generator, and the ability to automatically replenish biomass fuel are compact and durable, and there are combustible wastes such as wood chips, wood pellets and building waste By using them, waste can be directly carbonized locally.
2. Using renewable biomass resources as a heat source, contributing to global warming countermeasures, fuel costs are extremely low, and energy saving is extremely excellent.
3. From households, industrial factory sites, forest work sites, etc., using waste generated at any site as a heat source, carbonizing all organic waste at the site where it is generated, reducing the volume and recycling, Heat source can be used.

The structure of the carbonization furnace of the present invention and its function will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the combustion kettle portion of the small carbonization furnace. FIG. 3 is a plan layout diagram of the superheated steam generation section of the small carbonization furnace near the upper portion of the combustion kettle.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a cooling and deodorizing apparatus for exhaust gas from a small carbonization furnace.

The furnace body of the carbonization furnace has a structure in which the heat insulating material 2 is attached to the inner surface, and an organic substance to be carbonized is opened by opening the inlet cover. The organic substances to be introduced are not only wood-based, but also garbage, leftovers, vegetable waste, food waste, sludge, waste plastic, beer and shochu squeezed rice cake, residue from bakery factories, or cow dung and other agricultural residues and agricultural waste All organic waste such as organic waste discharged from daily life as well as industrial waste and organic industrial waste can be input and carbonized.

1. The flame cylinder is erected through the ceiling of the furnace body of the carbonization furnace. In order to increase the area inside the furnace, the vertical part of the flame cylinder may protrude outside the furnace body. If there is no ceiling height at the installation location, the flame cylinder may be placed on the top of the hook. The flame cylinder is a pipe made of heat-resistant steel, and the lower end is connected to the outlet of the combustion kettle and the upper end is an exhaust gas outlet.
2. A superheater pipe for generating superheated steam is arranged on the outer periphery of the flame cylinder, and a serpentine pipe for generating superheated steam is arranged in the vertical direction between the flame cylinder. If the generated temperature is low due to the difference in biomass heat source, the superheated steam generating serpentine may be arranged directly above the combustion kettle as shown in FIG.
3. The boiler in the lower part of the furnace is equipped with a boiler for generating saturated steam to improve heat efficiency. The inlet side of the boiler pipe is directly connected to the water supply pipe, and the outlet side is connected to the inlet of the superheated steam generating serpentine. A superheated steam generating serpentine tube for injecting superheated steam into a sealed furnace body is arranged in the longitudinal direction inside the flame cylinder, or in the transverse direction as shown in FIG. 3, and its outlet is connected to the injection nozzle. At the same time as discharge of oxygen in the blowing furnace from the inner bottom, superheated steam of 300 ° C. or higher is directly injected onto the carbonized object to promote carbonization.

  Thus, the operation function will be explained. First, the biomass fuel is combusted in the combustion kettle, and firstly, saturated steam generated at around 100 ° C. is first generated in the boiler provided therewith, while the inside of the furnace is generally heated in parallel. When the temperature reaches 200 to 300 ° C. or higher, the organic matter in the furnace begins to decompose, and the pyrolysis gas passes through the super heater provided on the outer periphery of the flame cylinder and undergoes an oxidation reaction with oxygen remaining in the combustion kettle. While being raised, it comes into contact with the blown air provided at the upper part of the flame cylinder and becomes exhaust gas having a higher temperature in the 750 to 800 ° C. zone, and pyrolysis gas and odor are pyrolyzed to generate smokeless and odorless exhaust gas. In this case, when a low calorie fuel is used, a deodorizing burner may be attached to the air inlet of the upper part of the flame cylinder to heat the exhaust gas and bad odor due to incomplete combustion. Alternatively, since the exhaust gas is smokeless and non-brominated, the exhaust gas may be adsorbed with a substance having a large specific surface area such as molten slag, zeolite, or activated carbon after cooling with air cooling or water cooling instead of combustion treatment as shown in FIG. .

  Since the inside of the furnace becomes an oxygen-free superheated steam atmosphere after a certain period of time, the organic matter thrown into the furnace does not burn, and both moisture and volatile non-organic components and organic components evaporate. The organic matter is pyrolyzed into gas. Non-pyrolytic components are carbonized to form solid carbide.

  The components of the gas in the carbonization furnace are composed of these moisture, volatile non-organic components, organic components, and pyrolysis gases of organic substances, and are extremely flammable gases.

An air blowing port is opened at the outlet of the super heater tube, and air sent from the blower is blown in. As a result, the flame cylinder below the air inlet becomes negative pressure.
As shown in the enlarged view of the flame cylinder in Fig. 2, the flame cylinder in the vicinity where the super heater pipe is arranged has a hole for sucking gas in the carbonization furnace, and the negative pressure inside the flame cylinder In this case, the gas in the carbonization furnace is sucked from this hole.

The pyrolysis gas in the carbonization furnace that has been sucked up and raised is mixed with the blown air and burned by the raised flame. The flame cylinder and the super heater part in which the heated steam generating snake cylinder is housed serve as a gas combustion chamber in the carbonization furnace. In this vertical combustion chamber, the pyrolysis gas is heated to approximately 750 to 800 ° C., and the exhaust gas subjected to the combustion treatment is discharged outside from the exhaust gas discharge port. At the same time, the saturated steam sent to the serpentine tube arranged at the highest temperature portion in the furnace becomes superheated steam. In this case, if the exhaust gas combustion process is inappropriate, the deodorization process may be performed with an odor adsorbent after cooling by air cooling or water cooling as shown in FIG.

The bottom of the furnace is equipped with a grid-like grate that matches the type of biomass fuel used so that it does not fall until it completely burns and becomes ash, and it rotates as a tray for burning ash at the bottom. There is a type of hearth, and when ash accumulates, it automatically rotates and discharges ash from the outlet. From the side of the grate, an air blowing fan that promotes combustion is provided to assist combustion. This combustion air may use the air blowing function of the ignition burner as it is. Moreover, when biomass fuel runs short, you may use together as oil or a gas burner directly.
The front door of the combustion kettle is openable and sized to allow for the injection of irregular fuel and the discharge of carbide generated directly above the combustion kettle, and an ignition burner is attached to the door body. Inspection is also possible.
The organic carbonized object containing un-evaporated water that has been charged is accumulated in the upper furnace of the combustion furnace, and is thermally decomposed by the temperature rise in the furnace, the atmosphere in the reduced state by the superheated steam, and the energy of the superheated steam. It becomes a body and is discharged from between the outer periphery of the flame tube and the super heater tube to the upper discharge port, and the solid residue is carbonized and stays in the furnace. Carbide removal is performed when the furnace temperature, which is less likely to ignite even when it comes into contact with the outside air, drops to 120 ° C or less, and is taken out from the carbide removal port provided at the bottom of the furnace body and directly above the combustion kettle. It is used for the fuel of the plant, the granular coal fuel for the stove, the soil conditioner, the humidity control agent and the activated carbon. The ash accumulated on the hearth under the grate rotates the hearth and discharges the ash inside.

The examples illustrate the invention.
Structure of carbonization furnace: structure of Fig. 1 (welded structure of 4.5mm thick steel plate)
A heat insulating material with a thickness of 100 mm is pasted on the inner surface.
Furnace body dimensions: Width 1,500 x Depth 1,700 x Height 2,600 mm (Can be carried onboard)
Furnace internal volume: 690 m ³
A kerosene burner is used as the ignition burner.
Amount of kerosene used: only a small amount of ignition Electric capacity: 950W of 200V
Furnace temperature: The heating temperature of the combustion pot was 750 ° C., and superheated steam was generated in about 40 minutes, and the furnace temperature reached 350 ° C.
Garbage types: Lunch leftovers, bento containers, household plastic containers, vegetable scraps, silver paper,
Waste amount: 3 bags at convenience stores. Approximately 1.0m ³ about the volume.
Carbonization is completed in about 3 hours after putting the garbage bag into the carbonization furnace.
Three bags of convenience store garbage became 1/50 charcoal. The residue is a little unburned silver paper and scrap. Charcoal was distinguished from unnecessary residue and could be used as a soil conditioner. The exhaust gas was colorless and odorless.

As described above in detail, since the small carbonization furnace of the present invention can be carried by car, if there is only a biomass fuel locally at any site, almost only if it is organic waste with only a small amount of electricity. Waste can be carbonized and volume-reduced easily, conveniently, quickly and without generating odors, reducing waste collection costs, reducing waste disposal costs, and avoiding the construction of large waste disposal facilities. It makes a great contribution in the field of waste treatment.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of a small carbonization furnace of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the combustion cylinder peripheral combustion kettle of the small carbonization furnace of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a biomass combustion pot of the small carbonization furnace of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram of exhaust gas cooling and odor adsorption processing in the small carbonization furnace of the present invention.

Claims (4)

  A flame cylinder is erected in the vertical direction through the upper part of the closed furnace body having an organic material inlet, and the lower end of the flame cylinder is connected to a combustion tank for burning organic substances, and the upper end of the flame cylinder is exhausted. A superheater pipe for generating superheated steam is arranged on the outside of the flame cylinder in the vertical direction on the outer periphery of the flame cylinder, and a serpentine pipe for generating superheated steam is arranged on the inside of the superheater pipe in the vertical direction. The serpentine tube is connected to an injection nozzle for injecting superheated steam into a closed furnace body, and the combustion kettle is provided with a boiler function for generating saturated steam, and the outlet of saturated steam generated from the boiler Is directly connected to the inlet side of the serpentine tube for generating superheated steam, the inlet side of the boiler tube is directly connected to the water supply port, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the combustion heat of the combustion kettle from the organic matter charged into the furnace body is Provided at the bottom of the flame cylinder A blow-in port for blowing air from the cracked gas suction port to the upper part of the flame cylinder in the vertical direction and forcibly injecting air is provided at the upper part of the flame cylinder. The combined combustion of the blown air to provide superheated steam and a heat treatment function of the pyrolysis gas, and the combustion kettle includes a dedicated biomass fuel kettle, an ignition burner, an incineration ash receiving grate, and A small carbonization furnace provided with a rotary hearth with reverse ash removal function. The ignition burner of the combustion kettle of the carbonization furnace has a blowing function and an emergency oil combustion function, and has a fuel replenishment function capable of continuously supplying biomass fuel such as wood chips directly connected to the combustion kettle. The small carbonization furnace according to claim 1. The small carbonization furnace of Claim 1 which uses renewable fuels, such as biomass fuel, waste plastic, RDF, RPF, or the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated in Claim 1, as a main heat source. 2. The small carbonization furnace according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas is treated by air cooling, water cooling, and an odor adsorbing device.

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