JP2008010295A - Method of keeping warmth, and device for keeping warmth of secondary battery - Google Patents
Method of keeping warmth, and device for keeping warmth of secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008010295A JP2008010295A JP2006179179A JP2006179179A JP2008010295A JP 2008010295 A JP2008010295 A JP 2008010295A JP 2006179179 A JP2006179179 A JP 2006179179A JP 2006179179 A JP2006179179 A JP 2006179179A JP 2008010295 A JP2008010295 A JP 2008010295A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 44
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 18
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003771 C cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、複数のセルを直列接続した二次電池の充電時に生ずる熱を有効活用する二次電池の保温方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a secondary battery heat retaining method and apparatus for effectively utilizing heat generated during charging of a secondary battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series.
上述した二次電池の各セルを充電する場合、図５に示すように、セルの両端電圧が満充電電圧Ｖ１に達すると、それ以上充電しても過充電となり、充電容量は殆ど向上しないばかりか性能が劣化する。満充電電圧を少し上回る範囲であれば、劣化傾向は比較的小さく、また、全てのセルを満充電電圧に精度良く一致させて充電するのは困難であることから、かかる範囲を過充電許容電圧としている。一方、過充電許容電圧の上限である過充電限界電圧Ｖ２を超えると、劣化が多大であるため、過充電限界電圧を超えないように充電することが求められている。 When charging each cell of the secondary battery described above, as shown in FIG. 5, when the voltage across the cell reaches the full charge voltage V1, overcharging occurs even if the battery is further charged, and the charging capacity is hardly improved. Or the performance deteriorates. If the range is slightly higher than the full charge voltage, the deterioration tendency is relatively small, and it is difficult to charge all the cells with the full charge voltage accurately. It is said. On the other hand, when the overcharge limit voltage V2, which is the upper limit of the overcharge allowable voltage, is exceeded, the deterioration is significant, and thus charging is required so as not to exceed the overcharge limit voltage.
上述した二次電池の各セルを充電する場合、全てのセルを満充電電圧に揃えることが理想的であるが、現実には充電具合には差が生じ、同電流を流しても特定のセルのみが過充電電圧に至って、他のセルが満充電に至らないものである。それ故、セルに対して放電回路を並列接続し、過充電電圧に至ったセルを放電回路で放電させ、他のセルを充電させるものが存在する（特許文献１）。
しかしながら、上述した方法は、電力を放電回路で放電して最終的に熱にして大気に放出（廃棄）しているので、廃棄した分の電力が勿体ない。 However, in the above-described method, electric power is discharged by a discharge circuit and finally heated to be released (discarded) to the atmosphere.
また、二次電池は使用推奨温度から外れていると、充電効率が低下したり、二次電池の性能が劣化することが知られており、そのために、二次電池の温度を温度センサで検出して、その検出結果から得られる温度が使用推奨温度のときに充電を行う方法も存在する（特許文献２）。
ところが、充電開始時には使用推奨温度にあったセルが、充電中の電流による熱を受けて高温となり、使用推奨温度から外れていくことがある。 However, a cell that has been at the recommended use temperature at the start of charging becomes hot due to the heat generated by the current being charged, and may deviate from the recommended use temperature.
本発明は上記実情を考慮して創作されたもので、その目的は、放電回路で放電させる電力を充電中の二次電池の保温に有効活用して、充電中にできる限り使用推奨温度（設定温度）を維持できる二次電池の保温方法及び保温装置を提供することである。 The present invention was created in consideration of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to effectively use the electric power discharged by the discharge circuit to keep the secondary battery being charged, and to use the recommended recommended temperature (setting) as much as possible during charging. It is to provide a heat retention method and a heat retention device for a secondary battery capable of maintaining (temperature).
請求項１の発明は、複数のセルを直列接続した二次電池が設定温度範囲の場合に電流を流して充電し、充電の進行に従って上昇するセルの両端電圧が設定電圧に該当する毎に、該当セルに並列接続された放電素子に該当セルから放電電流を流し、全てのセルを満充電電圧に近づけることを目的とする二次電池の充電方法に用いる、二次電池の保温方法である。そして、放電素子にペルチェ素子を、二次電池の加熱冷却手段として用い、二次電池が設定温度範囲内の目標温度よりも高い場合には、ペルチェ素子を二次電池の冷却手段として作用させる方向に放電電流を流して、二次電池を冷却しつつ二次電池の電池ケースの外部に熱気を放出し、二次電池が目標温度よりも低い場合にはペルチェ素子を二次電池の加熱手段として作用させる方向に放電電流を流して、二次電池を加熱しつつ電池ケースの外部に冷気を放出することを特徴とする。 In the invention of claim 1, when the secondary battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series is in the set temperature range, the battery is charged by flowing current, and the voltage across the cell that rises as the charging progresses corresponds to the set voltage. This is a secondary battery thermal insulation method used for a secondary battery charging method in which a discharge current is passed from a corresponding cell to discharge elements connected in parallel to the corresponding cell, and all cells are brought close to a full charge voltage. A direction in which the Peltier element is used as a cooling means for the secondary battery when the Peltier element is used as a heating / cooling means for the secondary battery and the secondary battery is higher than the target temperature within the set temperature range. When the secondary battery is lower than the target temperature, the Peltier element is used as a heating means for the secondary battery. It is characterized in that a cool current is discharged to the outside of the battery case while a secondary battery is heated by flowing a discharge current in the direction of action.
二次電池の電池ケースの外部に熱気や冷気を放出するので、二次電池の加熱冷却手段としてペルチェ素子が機能する。また、放電電流を流す際の基準となる「設定電圧」は特に限定されない。例えば、満充電電圧を超えている値（過充電限界電圧、過充電許容電圧）であっても良いし、満充電電圧、満充電電圧よりも低い値であっても良い。満充電電圧や満充電電圧よりも低い値の場合であっても、該当セルの両端電圧を下げて、全体のセルの両端電圧を揃えながら、満充電電圧に近づける充電も可能だからである。 Since hot air and cold air are discharged outside the battery case of the secondary battery, the Peltier element functions as a heating / cooling means for the secondary battery. Further, the “set voltage” that serves as a reference when the discharge current flows is not particularly limited. For example, it may be a value exceeding the full charge voltage (overcharge limit voltage, overcharge allowable voltage), or a value lower than the full charge voltage and full charge voltage. This is because even when the charge voltage is lower than the full charge voltage or the full charge voltage, it is possible to charge the battery close to the full charge voltage while reducing the voltage across the cell and aligning the voltage across the entire cell.
請求項２の発明は、複数のセルを直列接続した二次電池が設定温度範囲の場合に電流を流して充電し、充電の進行に従って上昇するセルの両端電圧が設定電圧に該当する毎に、該当セルに並列接続された放電素子に該当セルから放電電流を流し、全てのセルを満充電電圧に近づけることを目的とする二次電池の充電装置に用いる、二次電池の保温装置である。そして、放電素子にペルチェ素子を二次電池の加熱冷却手段として用いると共に、二次電池を収容する電池ケースの表面にペルチェ素子を設け、セルとペルチェ素子の接続線中に極性切替スイッチを設け、極性切替スイッチを操作する制御部は、二次電池が設定温度内の目標温度よりも高い場合にはペルチェ素子を冷却手段として作用させ、目標温度よりも低い場合にはペルチェ素子を加熱手段として作用させるものであることを特徴とする。 In the invention of claim 2, when a secondary battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series is in a set temperature range, the battery is charged by flowing a current, and the voltage across the cell that rises as the charging proceeds corresponds to the set voltage. This is a secondary battery thermal insulation device used for a secondary battery charging device for supplying a discharge current from a corresponding cell to discharge elements connected in parallel to the corresponding cell and bringing all cells close to a full charge voltage. And while using the Peltier element as a heating and cooling means of the secondary battery as the discharge element, providing the Peltier element on the surface of the battery case that houses the secondary battery, providing the polarity switch in the connection line between the cell and the Peltier element, The controller that operates the polarity changeover switch operates the Peltier element as a cooling means when the secondary battery is higher than the target temperature within the set temperature, and acts as the heating means when the secondary battery is lower than the target temperature. It is a thing to let it be.
二次電池が目標温度と一致する場合は、二次電池が理想とする温度なので、ペルチェ素子をそれまでの手段（例えば冷却手段であった場合には冷却手段）として作用させても良いし、それまでの手段とは別の手段として作用させても良い。また、「極性切替スイッチを操作する」とは、制御部が切替操作を必ずすることを意味するのではなく、目標温度との関係でペルチェ素子が冷却手段又は加熱手段として正しい状態にあるのであれば、切替操作をしないという操作（無操作）をすることも含まれる。 If the secondary battery matches the target temperature, it is the ideal temperature for the secondary battery, so the Peltier element may act as a previous means (for example, a cooling means if it was a cooling means) You may make it act as a means different from the means until then. “Operating the polarity switch” does not necessarily mean that the control unit performs the switching operation, but may be that the Peltier element is in a correct state as a cooling means or a heating means in relation to the target temperature. For example, the operation of not performing the switching operation (no operation) is also included.
本発明は、放電用の放電素子にペルチェ素子を用い、設定温度内の目標温度よりも高い場合にはペルチェ素子を二次電池の冷却手段として用い、目標温度よりも低い場合にはペルチェ素子を二次電池の加熱手段として用いるので、従来までは廃棄していた放電時の電力が二次電池の加熱冷却エネルギーとして有効活用され、充電中であっても二次電池を充電開始時の設定温度範囲にできる限り保持する効果が見込める。 The present invention uses a Peltier element as the discharge element for discharge, uses the Peltier element as a cooling means for the secondary battery when the temperature is higher than the target temperature within the set temperature, and uses the Peltier element when the temperature is lower than the target temperature. Because it is used as a heating means for the secondary battery, the electric power at the time of discharging, which was previously discarded, is effectively used as the heating and cooling energy of the secondary battery, and the set temperature at the start of charging the secondary battery even during charging The effect of keeping as much as possible in the range can be expected.
二次電池１は図１に示すように複数のセルＣ、・・・、Ｃを直列接続したリチウム電池である。二次電池１の充電装置は、電源部２と充電管理部３から構成される。電源部２はＣＰＵが内蔵されたコントローラ４に各種の情報信号を取り込み、情報信号に基づいてコントローラ４が直流電流電源５の電流値を設定すると共に電源スイッチ（以下、スイッチ：ＳＷと略す。）６を開閉して二次電池１への通電を制御する。また、ここで各種の情報信号とは、電流検出回路７から得られる直流電流電源５の電流、総電圧検出回路８から得られる二次電池１の総電圧、充電管理部３のセル電圧検出回路９から得られる各セルＣの両端電圧、充電管理部３の温度センサ１０から得られる二次電池１の温度の各情報信号である。コントローラ４には充電開始時に二次電池１に流す定電流を初期設定しておく。 The secondary battery 1 is a lithium battery in which a plurality of cells C,..., C are connected in series as shown in FIG. The charging device for the secondary battery 1 includes a power supply unit 2 and a charge management unit 3. The power supply unit 2 captures various information signals into the controller 4 in which the CPU is built, and the controller 4 sets the current value of the DC current power source 5 based on the information signals and also a power switch (hereinafter abbreviated as SW :). 6 is opened and closed to control energization to the secondary battery 1. Here, the various information signals include the current of the DC current power source 5 obtained from the current detection circuit 7, the total voltage of the secondary battery 1 obtained from the total voltage detection circuit 8, and the cell voltage detection circuit of the charge management unit 3. 9 is an information signal of the voltage of each cell C obtained from 9 and the temperature of the secondary battery 1 obtained from the temperature sensor 10 of the charge management unit 3. The controller 4 is initially set with a constant current that flows to the secondary battery 1 at the start of charging.
充電管理部３は電源部２からの電流を二次電池１の両端に導くと共に、各セルＣに対して放電装置１１を並列接続するものである。 The charge management unit 3 guides the current from the power supply unit 2 to both ends of the secondary battery 1 and connects the discharge device 11 to each cell C in parallel.
放電装置(放電回路)１１は、放電素子（ペルチェ素子）１２と調整ＳＷ１３を直列接続してバイパス回路を形成すると共に、ＩＣからなるセル電圧検出回路９をバイパス回路に対して並列接続したものである。セル電圧検出回路９はセルＣの両端電圧を検出する機能だけでなく、コントローラ４と同様、制御機能も有し、並列接続されたセルＣの両端電圧が満充電電圧Ｖ１以上に該当するに至ると、調整ＳＷ１３を閉じて放電素子１２に電源部２からの電流を流し、その分だけ該当セルＣの両端電圧を低下させる。満充電電圧Ｖ１以上に該当するに至るセルＣが全くない場合には調整ＳＷ１３を開いて電源部２から供給される電流をセルＣに全部流して充電する。また、セル電圧検出回路９は、セルＣの両端電圧を検出してコントローラ４に送り、両端電圧が満充電電圧Ｖ１よりも高い過充電限界電圧Ｖ２以上に該当するに至ると、コントローラ４が直流電流電源５に指令を送って電流を設定分ΔＩだけ下げて、充電を継続する。同様にして全セルＣのうちいずれかが過充電限界電圧Ｖ２に達すると、電流を設定分ΔＩだけ下げる操作を繰り返す。設定分ΔＩは必ずしも毎回同じでなくても良い。なお、セル電圧検出回路９に電圧検出機能だけを持たせ、制御機能をコントローラ４に持たせるものであっても良い。従って、コントローラ４とセル電圧検出回路９の制御機能を合わせたものが制御部となる。 A discharge device (discharge circuit) 11 is a device in which a discharge element (Peltier element) 12 and an adjustment SW 13 are connected in series to form a bypass circuit, and a cell voltage detection circuit 9 made of an IC is connected in parallel to the bypass circuit. is there. The cell voltage detection circuit 9 has not only a function of detecting the voltage across the cell C but also a control function like the controller 4, and the voltage across the cells C connected in parallel reaches the full charge voltage V1 or higher. Then, the adjustment SW 13 is closed and the current from the power supply unit 2 is supplied to the discharge element 12, and the voltage across the corresponding cell C is lowered by that amount. When there is no cell C reaching the full charge voltage V1 or higher, the adjustment SW 13 is opened and the current supplied from the power supply unit 2 is entirely supplied to the cell C for charging. The cell voltage detection circuit 9 detects the voltage at both ends of the cell C and sends it to the controller 4. When the voltage at both ends falls above the overcharge limit voltage V2 which is higher than the full charge voltage V1, the controller 4 turns on the direct current. A command is sent to the current power source 5 to reduce the current by a set amount ΔI and continue charging. Similarly, when any one of all the cells C reaches the overcharge limit voltage V2, the operation of decreasing the current by the set amount ΔI is repeated. The set amount ΔI is not necessarily the same every time. The cell voltage detection circuit 9 may have only a voltage detection function and the controller 4 may have a control function. Therefore, a combination of the control functions of the controller 4 and the cell voltage detection circuit 9 is a control unit.
また、二次電池１の保温装置は、上述した放電回路１１（バイパス回路）の一部であって、放電素子１２にペルチェ素子を用いると共に、ペルチェ素子１２とセル電圧検出回路９との接続線中に、保温ＳＷ１４と、極性切替ＳＷ１５を介在し、二次電池１を収容する電池ケース１６の表面にペルチェ素子１２を接着して固定してある（熱伝導に優れた材質の接着剤で止める）。 The heat retention device for the secondary battery 1 is a part of the above-described discharge circuit 11 (bypass circuit), and uses a Peltier element as the discharge element 12, and a connection line between the Peltier element 12 and the cell voltage detection circuit 9. The Peltier element 12 is bonded and fixed to the surface of the battery case 16 that accommodates the secondary battery 1 by interposing the heat retaining SW 14 and the polarity switching SW 15 (stopped with an adhesive made of a material excellent in heat conduction). ).
保温ＳＷ１４は、二次電池１を充電する時に閉じてペルチェ素子１２に電流を流し、二次電池１を充電しない時に開いてペルチェ素子１２に電流が流れないようにする。 The heat insulation SW 14 is closed when the secondary battery 1 is charged, and allows a current to flow through the Peltier element 12, and is opened when the secondary battery 1 is not charged so that no current flows through the Peltier element 12.
極性切替ＳＷ１５は、温度センサ１０から得られる二次電池１の温度に基づいて、コントローラ４がペルチェ素子１２を加熱するか、冷却するかを判断し、コントローラ４からの判断指令を受けて、ペルチェ素子１２に流れる電流の向きを決定する。なお、上述した各種ＳＷの一例としてはスイッチングトランジスタ、又はスイッチングトランジスタの組み合わせが挙げられる。 The polarity switching SW 15 determines whether the controller 4 heats or cools the Peltier element 12 based on the temperature of the secondary battery 1 obtained from the temperature sensor 10, receives the determination command from the controller 4, The direction of the current flowing through the element 12 is determined. In addition, as an example of various SW mentioned above, the combination of a switching transistor or a switching transistor is mentioned.
また、ペルチェ素子１２の近傍には放熱手段１７としてのファンを設けてあり、ペルチェ素子１２が冷却手段として用いられている場合に、コントローラ４からの指令によってファンを駆動してペルチェ素子１２から熱を奪って電池ケース１６を冷却し、ペルチェ素子１２が加熱手段として用いられている場合にはファンを停止しておく。ファンに流す電流は、電源部２とは別の電源から供給する。 Further, a fan as a heat radiating means 17 is provided in the vicinity of the Peltier element 12, and when the Peltier element 12 is used as a cooling means, the fan is driven by a command from the controller 4 to generate heat from the Peltier element 12. To cool the battery case 16 and stop the fan when the Peltier element 12 is used as a heating means. The current flowing through the fan is supplied from a power source different from the power source unit 2.
電池ケース１６は熱伝導性の良好な材料を用いたもので、二次電池１だけでなく、温度センサ１０、セル電圧検出回路９、調整ＳＷ１３、保温ＳＷ１４、極性切替ＳＷ１５を外部とは隔絶して収容するものである。 The battery case 16 is made of a material having good thermal conductivity, and isolates not only the secondary battery 1 but also the temperature sensor 10, the cell voltage detection circuit 9, the adjustment SW 13, the heat retention SW 14, and the polarity switching SW 15 from the outside. To house.
二次電池１を充電する際の充電装置及び保温装置の動きを図２、図３のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。まず、二次電池１を充電しても良いか否かの初期チェックを行う。例えば、総電圧検出回路８から得られる二次電池１の総電圧が許容電圧範囲内にあるか否か、或いは温度センサ１０から得られる二次電池１の温度ｔが設定温度範囲（充電に適した温度、例えば０℃〜４０℃）内にあるか否かをコントローラ４が判定し、許容電圧範囲外の場合や設定温度範囲外の場合には、充電を行わない。反対に許容電圧範囲内で且つ設定温度範囲内の場合にはコントローラ４が保温ＳＷ１４を閉じて充電処理と保温処理に移行する。 The operation of the charging device and the heat retaining device when charging the secondary battery 1 will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. First, an initial check is performed as to whether or not the secondary battery 1 may be charged. For example, whether or not the total voltage of the secondary battery 1 obtained from the total voltage detection circuit 8 is within the allowable voltage range, or the temperature t of the secondary battery 1 obtained from the temperature sensor 10 is the set temperature range (suitable for charging) The controller 4 determines whether or not the temperature is within the allowable temperature range (for example, 0 ° C. to 40 ° C.), and charging is not performed when it is outside the allowable voltage range or outside the set temperature range. On the contrary, when the voltage is within the allowable voltage range and within the set temperature range, the controller 4 closes the heat retaining SW 14 and shifts to the charging process and the heat retaining process.
充電処理は図３のフローチャートに示すように、コントローラ４が電源ＳＷ６を閉じて定充電工程を最初に行う。定充電工程では初期設定された定電流を流す。次に放電工程と多段充電工程に移行する。放電工程は、各セルＣの両端電圧をセル電圧検出回路９で検出する。満充電電圧Ｖ１未満のセルＣについては、そのまま定電流での充電を継続する。そして、例えば特定のセルＣが満充電電圧Ｖ１以上に該当するに至ると、該当セルＣ専用の調整ＳＷ１３を閉じて放電回路１１を作動し、ペルチェ素子１２に電流を導き、該当セルＣへの電流の減少に伴って該当セルＣの充電電圧が低下する。充電電圧が低下しても満充電電圧Ｖ１以上の場合にはそのままの状態を維持し、満充電電圧Ｖ１未満に落ちると、調整ＳＷ１３を開いて放電回路１１への通電を停止し、再度、該当セルＣを定充電で充電する。 As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, in the charging process, the controller 4 first closes the power source SW6 and performs the constant charging process. In the constant charging process, an initially set constant current is passed. Next, the process proceeds to a discharging process and a multistage charging process. In the discharging step, the cell voltage detection circuit 9 detects the voltage across each cell C. About the cell C less than the full charge voltage V1, the charge with a constant current is continued as it is. For example, when a specific cell C reaches the full charge voltage V1 or more, the adjustment SW 13 dedicated to the cell C is closed, the discharge circuit 11 is operated, current is guided to the Peltier element 12, and As the current decreases, the charging voltage of the corresponding cell C decreases. Even if the charging voltage decreases, if the voltage is equal to or higher than the full charge voltage V1, the state is maintained as it is. If the voltage drops below the full charge voltage V1, the adjustment SW 13 is opened to stop energization to the discharge circuit 11, and again The cell C is charged with a constant charge.
多段充電工程では、セル電圧検出回路９からセルＣの両端電圧をコントローラ４が受けて、いずれかのセルＣが過充電限界電圧Ｖ２以上をＡ秒(例えば２秒）継続することを確認すると、コントローラ４から直流電流電源５に指令を送って、定電流の充電電流を設定分ΔＩだけ下げる。充電電流を下げてもセルＣが過充電限界電圧Ｖ２以上をＢ秒（＞Ａ例えば８秒）継続することを確認すると、コントローラ４が電源ＳＷ６を開いて充電を強制停止する。過充電限界電圧Ｖ２がＢ秒継続しない場合には、コントローラ４が充電電流を検出して、停止電流（初期設定された定電流よりもかなり小さい）未満にまで落ち込んだか否かを判定する。停止電流未満に落ち込んでいない場合には再度、セルＣが過充電限界電圧Ｖ２以上をＡ秒(例えば２秒)継続することを確認するステップに戻る。次にいずれかのセルＣが過充電限界電圧Ｖ２以上をＡ秒継続することを確認すると、同様のループ処理が行われる。このループ処理を繰り返すうちに充電電流が停止電流未満に落ち込んだ場合には電源ＳＷ６を開いて充電を停止し、図２に示すように充電が停止されたか否かの判定処理に移る。なお、このように定電流を多段階で下げる処理を行うと、図４に示すようなギザギザの形状でセルＣが充電される。 In the multistage charging process, when the controller 4 receives the voltage across the cell C from the cell voltage detection circuit 9 and confirms that any of the cells C continues over the overcharge limit voltage V2 for A seconds (for example, 2 seconds), A command is sent from the controller 4 to the DC current power source 5 to reduce the constant charging current by a set amount ΔI. When it is confirmed that the cell C continues the overcharge limit voltage V2 or higher for B seconds (> A, for example, 8 seconds) even when the charging current is lowered, the controller 4 opens the power source SW6 to forcibly stop the charging. When the overcharge limit voltage V2 does not continue for B seconds, the controller 4 detects the charging current and determines whether or not it has dropped below the stop current (which is considerably smaller than the initially set constant current). If it has not fallen below the stop current, the process returns again to the step of confirming that the cell C continues the overcharge limit voltage V2 or more for A seconds (for example, 2 seconds). Next, when it is confirmed that any one of the cells C continues the overcharge limit voltage V2 or higher for A seconds, a similar loop process is performed. If the charging current falls below the stop current while repeating this loop processing, the power source SW6 is opened to stop the charging, and the process proceeds to a determination process as to whether or not the charging is stopped as shown in FIG. Note that when the process of reducing the constant current in multiple steps is performed in this way, the cell C is charged in a jagged shape as shown in FIG.
一方、保温処理は図２に示すように、制御部のコントローラ４が極性切替ＳＷ１５を操作して、ペルチェ素子１２を加熱手段か、冷却手段として用いる処理である。まず、温度センサ１０から得られる二次電池１の温度が設定温度範囲内の目標温度（中間温度：２０℃（充電効率が最も良いと考えられる温度））ｔａ未満か否かをコントローラ４が判定する。目標温度ｔａ以上の場合には極性切替ＳＷ１５からの状態信号を受けて、コントローラ４によって極性切替ＳＷ１５の状態が加熱側か否かを判定し、加熱側の場合には極性切替ＳＷ１５を吸熱側に切り換える指令を出力し、吸熱側の場合にはそのままの状態を維持して、ペルチェ素子１２を二次電池１の冷却手段として用いる。一方、目標温度ｔａ未満の場合にはコントローラ４によって極性切替ＳＷ１５の状態が吸熱側か否かを判定し、吸熱側の場合には極性切替ＳＷ１５を加熱側に切り換える指令を出力し、加熱側の場合にはそのままの状態を維持して、ペルチェ素子１２を加熱手段として用いる。続いて、二次電池１の温度が目標温度ｔａ以上か否かをコントローラ４が判定し、目標温度ｔａ未満の場合には目標温度ｔａ以上になるまでこの温度判定処理を継続し、一方、目標温度ｔａ以上になると極性切替ＳＷ１５を吸熱側に切り換える指令を出力し、ペルチェ素子１２を冷却手段として用いる。続いて、充電が停止されたか否かの判定処理に移り、充電が継続している場合は保温処理を開始した直後の処理に戻って、二次電池１の温度が目標温度ｔａ未満か否かを判断する。一方、充電が停止している場合には保温ＳＷ１４を開いて、一連の処理を終了する。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat retaining process is a process in which the controller 4 of the control unit operates the polarity switching SW 15 to use the Peltier element 12 as a heating unit or a cooling unit. First, the controller 4 determines whether or not the temperature of the secondary battery 1 obtained from the temperature sensor 10 is lower than a target temperature (intermediate temperature: 20 ° C. (temperature at which charging efficiency is considered to be the best)) ta within the set temperature range. To do. When the temperature is equal to or higher than the target temperature ta, the controller 4 receives a state signal from the polarity switching SW15 and determines whether the polarity switching SW15 is on the heating side by the controller 4. A command for switching is output, and in the case of the heat absorption side, the state is maintained as it is, and the Peltier element 12 is used as a cooling means for the secondary battery 1. On the other hand, when the temperature is lower than the target temperature ta, the controller 4 determines whether or not the state of the polarity switching SW15 is the heat absorption side, and when it is the heat absorption side, outputs a command to switch the polarity switching SW15 to the heating side. In this case, the Peltier element 12 is used as a heating means while maintaining the state as it is. Subsequently, the controller 4 determines whether or not the temperature of the secondary battery 1 is equal to or higher than the target temperature ta. If the temperature is lower than the target temperature ta, the temperature determination process is continued until the temperature reaches the target temperature ta or higher. When the temperature becomes equal to or higher than the temperature ta, a command to switch the polarity switching SW 15 to the heat absorption side is output, and the Peltier element 12 is used as a cooling means. Subsequently, the process proceeds to a process for determining whether or not the charging is stopped. If the charging is continued, the process returns to the process immediately after the start of the heat retaining process, and whether or not the temperature of the secondary battery 1 is lower than the target temperature ta. Judging. On the other hand, when the charging is stopped, the heat retaining SW 14 is opened and the series of processes is ended.
１二次電池、Ｃセル、２電源部、３充電管理部、４コントローラ、５直流電流電源、
６電源ＳＷ、７電流検出回路、８総電圧検出回路、９セル電圧検出回路、１０温度センサ、１１放電装置（放電回路）、１２放電素子（ペルチェ素子）、１３調整ＳＷ、
１４保温ＳＷ、１５極性切替ＳＷ、１６電池ケース、１７放熱手段、Ｖ１満充電電圧、Ｖ２過充電限界電圧
1 secondary battery, C cell, 2 power supply unit, 3 charge management unit, 4 controller, 5 DC current power supply,
6 power SW, 7 current detection circuit, 8 total voltage detection circuit, 9 cell voltage detection circuit, 10 temperature sensor, 11 discharge device (discharge circuit), 12 discharge element (Peltier element), 13 adjustment SW,
14 heat retention SW, 15 polarity switching SW, 16 battery case, 17 heat dissipation means, V1 full charge voltage, V2 overcharge limit voltage
Claims (2)
放電素子（１２）にペルチェ素子を、二次電池（１）の加熱冷却手段として用い、
二次電池（１）が設定温度範囲内の目標温度よりも高い場合には、ペルチェ素子（１２）を二次電池（１）の冷却手段として作用させる電流を流して、二次電池（１）を冷却しつつ二次電池の電池ケース（１６）の外部に熱気を放出し、
二次電池（１）が目標温度よりも低い場合にはペルチェ素子（１２）を二次電池（１）の加熱手段として作用させる電流を流して、二次電池（１）を加熱しつつ電池ケース（１６）の外部に冷気を放出することを特徴とする二次電池の保温方法。 When the secondary battery (1) in which a plurality of cells (C) are connected in series is in the set temperature range, the battery is charged by flowing a current, and the voltage across the cell (C) rising as the charging proceeds corresponds to the set voltage. In addition, a discharge current is passed from the corresponding cell to the discharge element (12) connected in parallel to the corresponding cell (C), and used for a secondary battery charging method for the purpose of bringing all cells close to the full charge voltage. A method for keeping the secondary battery warm,
A Peltier device is used as the heating and cooling means of the secondary battery (1) for the discharge device (12).
When the secondary battery (1) is higher than the target temperature within the set temperature range, a current that causes the Peltier element (12) to act as a cooling means for the secondary battery (1) is supplied to the secondary battery (1). The hot air is discharged outside the battery case (16) of the secondary battery while cooling the
When the secondary battery (1) is lower than the target temperature, the battery case is heated while passing the current that causes the Peltier element (12) to act as a heating means for the secondary battery (1). (16) A method for keeping a secondary battery warm, wherein cool air is discharged to the outside.
放電素子（１２）にペルチェ素子を二次電池（１）の加熱冷却手段として用いると共に、二次電池（１）を収容する電池ケース（１６）の表面にペルチェ素子（１２）を設け、
セル（Ｃ）とペルチェ素子（１２）の接続線中に極性切替スイッチ（１５）を設け、
極性切替スイッチ（１５）を操作する制御部は、二次電池（１）が設定温度内の目標温度よりも高い場合にはペルチェ素子（１２）を冷却手段として作用させ、目標温度よりも低い場合にはペルチェ素子（１２）を加熱手段として作用させるものであることを特徴とする二次電池の保温装置。 When the secondary battery (1) in which a plurality of cells (C) are connected in series is in the set temperature range, the battery is charged by flowing a current, and the voltage across the cell (C) rising as the charging proceeds corresponds to the set voltage. In addition, a discharge current is supplied from the corresponding cell to the discharge element (12) connected in parallel to the corresponding cell (C), and used for a secondary battery charging device for the purpose of bringing all the cells close to the full charge voltage. A heat insulation device for a secondary battery,
A Peltier element (12) is provided on the surface of the battery case (16) that houses the secondary battery (1) while using the Peltier element as the heating and cooling means of the secondary battery (1) for the discharge element (12),
A polarity changeover switch (15) is provided in the connection line between the cell (C) and the Peltier element (12),
When the secondary battery (1) is higher than the target temperature within the set temperature, the control unit for operating the polarity changeover switch (15) causes the Peltier element (12) to act as a cooling means, and when the secondary battery (1) is lower than the target temperature The device for keeping a temperature of a secondary battery is characterized in that the Peltier element (12) acts as a heating means.
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