JP2008054681A - 圧力媒介による、分子または微小粒子の細胞内への輸送 - Google Patents
圧力媒介による、分子または微小粒子の細胞内への輸送 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】(a)細胞と、原子、分子、または粒子を含む液体培地とを接触させる段階、(b)該細胞と液体培地を、封入された空間内で維持する段階、および(c)該封入された細胞と液体培地に、原子、分子、または粒子の取り込みを促進するのに十分なインキュベーション圧を加える段階を含む。哺乳動物の標的組織としては、血管組織、心臓、骨髄、結合組織、肝臓、性器ー泌尿器系組織、骨、筋肉、胃腸器官、内分泌及び外分泌器官が含まれる。実施態様としては、輸送すべき物質を含む溶液を患者の標的領域に灌流して、与圧チャンバーの中で患者に圧力をかけることにより行う。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、生細胞による細胞外の物質の取り込みを容易にすることに関する。
細胞および分子生物学の研究によって、生細胞の膜の内部には、複雑な物理学的および生化学的な環境が存在することが明らかになった。これらの膜は、さまざまな細胞型において特定の機能を果たす精巧な半透性の障壁を具備しており、すべての生細胞の膜は、生命が営まれる微小な水性空間を隔離するように働く脂質の二層構造からなる。すべての細胞は、細胞の境界となっている脂質二重膜を通過することができない大きな物質および/もしくは疎水性の物質を受動的に排除するか、または特定のタンパク質によって細胞膜を通過する分子もしくは粒子の能動的に調節された双方向性の動きによって、その内部空間の分子構成を調節している。これらのタンパク質には、結合して、細胞内への汎用的な通路を提供するか、または特定の要素だけが入るのを許す孔またはチャンネルを形成するものがある。
本発明の方法は、生細胞の細胞外環境へ物質を輸送すること、細胞の周囲に封入された空間を作出すること、および、細胞による物質の取り込みを促進するのに十分なインキュベーション圧を、封入された空間内に確実に加えることを含む。この物質の大きさは低分子から微小粒子にまで及ぶことができ、それを取り込んだ細胞に対して、ある範囲で影響を与え、または、ある範囲で機能を働かせることができる。例えば、この物質は、低分子(例えば、薬物)、糖、脂肪酸、もしくは脂肪酸誘導体、またはタンパク質(例えば、抗体、酵素、もしくはホルモン)などでもよい。この細胞は、インビトロ、すなわち組織もしくは器官培養系の中で生存することができ、または、生きた生物、例えば、ヒトなどの哺乳動物の一部を構成することができる。
本発明のその他の特徴と利点は、詳細な説明、図面、および請求の範囲から明らかになる。
本発明によって用いることのできる物質の種類には、(1)荷電した原子またはイオン、(2)中性の、または荷電した低分子(例えば、1,000以下の分子量をもつ分子)で、小さな核酸を除いたもの、(3)核酸以外の高分子(例えば、1,000以上の分子量をもつ分子)で、特に、タンパク質とペプチド、(4)ポリマーおよび単繊維(一般的には、最大でも10μmより小さい)、(5)無機的な原子と分子、および(6)微小粒子(一般的には、大でも10μmより小さい)が含まれる。これらの物質を、物質の種類と、それの使用目的に応じて、多様な濃度、好ましくは、1 nMから1 mMであるが、これに限定はされない濃度で、細胞の細胞外環境に輸送することができる。本発明の各応用において用いられる正確な濃度は、輸送される物質の化学、生化学、または機能的な性質に関する知識に基づいて、使用者が決定することができる。この物質は、細胞外の環境の溶液中に存在するか、または、懸濁液もしくはコロイドを含むことができる。
図1-Cで例示された方法と同じ方法によって、FITC-ODNをヒトの伏在静脈にトランスフェクトした。図7-Aは、いくつかのODN濃度について、かけられた圧力の関数としてのトランスフェクション効率を示している。効率は、蛍光顕微鏡によって、FITC-ODNを核に局在させていることが判明した血管内膜と中膜の全細胞数の割合として測定した。圧力は、50から760 mmHgに及び、また、生理食塩水内のODN濃度は、5から100μMに及んだ。n=6。
定量的逆転写PCRを用いて、本発明にしたがって行われたアンチセンスODNトランスフェクションの結果起こるIL-6 mRNAの減少を測定した。図1-Cに図示されているようにして、ヒトの伏在静脈の標本3個にトランスフェクトして、アンチセンスでトランスフェクトした静脈区域におけるmRNAのレベルを、無処理の区域とリバースアンチセンス(対照)ODNでトランスフェクトした区域におけるレベルと比較した。3つの標本についての結果が、それぞれ図8-A、図8-B、および図8-Cに示されている。mRNAのレベルの減少は、アンチセンスODN処理の配列特異的な有効性を示している。
図2に図示した方法と同様の方法によって、ウサギの頚動脈をFITC-ODNによってインビボでトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクション後4時間目、4日目、7日目に、トランスフェクション効率を測定した。FITC陽性の核の割合が、時間の関数として図9-Aに示されている。n=2〜3。ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子を含むプラスミドDNA構築物によってウサギの頚動脈をインビボでトランスフェクトした後、蛍のルシフェラーゼ遺伝子の発現を測定した。健康な動脈(正常)とアテローム性動脈硬化症の血管(CHOL/inj)を、図2で図示されているようにして、圧力の下でトランスフェクトした。対照(CTRL)の動脈を、圧力をかけずに、ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子をもつプラスミドに暴露した。5日目に動脈を回収して、ルシフェラーゼ活性について組織破砕液を解析した。解析結果を図9-Bに示す。n=2〜4。
図6に示されているようにして、FITC-ODNによって、ラットの血管の平滑筋細胞(VSMC)をインビボでトランスフェクトした。細胞に大気圧(正味圧力0気圧)、または2気圧のいずれかを45分間加えた。図10は、1 mMと80 mMのFITC-ODN濃度におけるトランスフェクション効率を示している。n=4。
図11は、図6に示されているようにして、蛍のルシフェラーゼの遺伝子を含むプラスミドDNAをインビボで灌流したラットの腎臓細胞のトランスフェクション効率に対する圧力の効果を図示している。腎臓を灌流した後、ラットに大気圧(0気圧)または2気圧を30分間加えた。トランスフェクション後3日目に腎臓を回収して、ルシフェラーゼ活性について組織破砕液を解析した。n=7。
図12-Aは、ラットの大動脈細胞における、トランスフェクション効率に対する圧力の効果を示している。ドナーラットから大動脈を採取して、図1-C'で図示されているようにして、生理溶液の中で、4℃で24時間インキュベートして虚血傷害を誘導した。インキュベーション溶液は、40μmのFITC-ODNを含んでいた。インキュベーションは、大気圧よりも0気圧および2気圧高い気圧で行った。インキュベーションの後、この組織をラットの大動脈の中に同系移植し、移植してから24時間後に回収した。DNAにインターカレートする蛍光性染料によって共染色した切片の蛍光顕微鏡観察によって、FITCの核局在を評価した。トランスフェクション効率は、FITC-ODNの核局在を示す細胞の、全細胞に対する割合で表されている。n=3、p<0.005。
図13-Aは、圧力をかけて、または圧力なしで、FITC-ODNによってエクスビボでトランスフェクトされたラットの心臓におけるトランスフェクションの効率を示している。大動脈をクロスクランピング(crossclamping)した後、ドナーの心臓の冠状動脈の中にFITC-ODN溶液(80μM)を灌流した。心臓をFITC-ODN溶液の中に沈めて、図6に示したようにして、4℃で、大気圧よりも0気圧か、または2気圧高い気圧を45分間加えた。そして、この心臓を、受容ラットの腹大動脈と大静脈の中に異所的に移植した。トランスフェクションしてから24時間後に、DNAにインターカレートする蛍光性染料によって共染色した切片の蛍光顕微鏡観察によって、FITCの核局在を評価した。トランスフェクション効率は、FITC-ODNの核局在を示す細胞の、全細胞に対する割合で表されている。n=3、p<0.005。
図14-Aと14-Bは、細胞周期を調節する遺伝子の上昇制御を阻害するように設計されたODNによる圧力媒介トランスフェクションの後に、頚動脈に移植されたウサギの頸静脈において、新生内膜肥厚の阻害が起こることを示している。
図14-Aは、無処理(対照)の移植片、および、PCNAとcdc-2キナーゼの両方に対するリバースアンチセンス(対照)ODN、またはアンチセンスODNのいずれかによってトランスフェクトされた移植片について、移植後6週間目と6ヶ月目の壁の肥厚を示している。新生内膜の形成は、6ヶ月目まで阻害されたが、高圧の動脈環境において壁にかかるストレスを軽減するために、中膜肥厚によって、適応的な壁の肥厚が起きる。図14-Bは、E2Fデコイ(decoy)のODNによってトランスフェクトされた静脈について、無処理の移植片、およびスクランブルされたODNによってトランスフェクトされた対照用移植片と比較したときの図14-Aの場合と同様の結果を示している。n=6、p<0.005。
Claims (16)
- 細胞による、原子、分子、または最大でも10μmよりも小さな粒子の取り込みを促進する方法において、
該細胞と、該原子、分子、または粒子を含む液体培地とを接触させる段階、
該細胞と該液体培地とを封入空間の中に維持する段階、および、
該細胞による、該原子、分子、または粒子の取り込みを促進するのに十分なインキュベーション圧を、封入された該細胞と該液体培地とに加える段階を含む方法。 - 封入空間を提供するために2箇所でシールされている哺乳動物の血管の内部に該細胞が含まれる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 分子が、1,000よりも小さい分子量をもつ、治療用の荷電した有機分子である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 分子が、1,000よりも大きな分子量をもつタンパク質またはペプチドである、請求項1記載の方法。
- インキュベーション圧が、大気圧よりも50 mmHgから5気圧高い、請求項1記載の方法。
- インキュベーション圧が、大気圧よりも200 mmHgから2.5気圧高い、請求項5記載の方法。
- 細胞が哺乳動物の血管または器官の中に含まれており、インキュベーション圧が、血管または器官の外部と内部とで均衡しているために、該外部と内部との間に圧力勾配が実質的に存在しない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 物質を細胞の中に輸送するためのシステムにおいて、該システムが、
密封空間の境界の少なくとも一部を画定するための封入装置で、該密封空間が、該細胞と該細胞の細胞外環境とを含み、該細胞外環境が該物質を含んでいる封入装置と、
該封入装置の内部にインキュベーション圧を確実に生じさせるための与圧装置で、該インキュベーション圧の確実な発生によって、該細胞による該物質の取り込みが促進される与圧装置とを含むシステム。 - 物質を細胞外環境に輸送するための輸送装置をさらに含む、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 封入装置が半透性のシースを含む、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 封入装置が、組織中の通路を閉塞するための閉塞装置を含む、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 封入装置が、与圧チャンバーを含む、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 境界が、封入装置によって実質的に画定されている、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 境界の一部が、組織によって画定されている、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 組織における外傷を防止するために、該組織の周囲に配置されるよう調整された保護装置をさらに含む、請求項14記載のシステム。
- 保護装置が非弾性のシースを含む、請求項15記載のシステム。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20110112305A (ko) | 2008-11-26 | 2011-10-12 | 추가이 세이야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 베시클 제제 |
| US8957199B2 (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2015-02-17 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Oligoribonucleotide or peptide nucleic acid capable of inhibiting activity of hepatitis C virus |
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| JP2008237221A (ja) | 2008-10-09 |
| WO1998020109A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| ATE223967T1 (de) | 2002-09-15 |
| EP0944715A4 (en) | 1999-12-22 |
| DE69715449D1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
| EP0944715A1 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
| CN1244213A (zh) | 2000-02-09 |
| EP1279412A2 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
| HK1022711A1 (en) | 2000-08-18 |
| CA2271244A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| BR9713334A (pt) | 2000-05-09 |
| CA2271244C (en) | 2008-09-02 |
| ES2183221T3 (es) | 2003-03-16 |
| DE69715449T2 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
| DK0944715T3 (da) | 2002-12-30 |
| IL129808A (en) | 2004-06-20 |
| CN1109749C (zh) | 2003-05-28 |
| AU7002098A (en) | 1998-05-29 |
| PT944715E (pt) | 2003-01-31 |
| AU736298B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
| JP2001505419A (ja) | 2001-04-24 |
| KR20000053164A (ko) | 2000-08-25 |
| EP1279412A3 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
| KR100449330B1 (ko) | 2004-09-18 |
| IL129808A0 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
| EP0944715B1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
| US5922687A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
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