JP2007500510A - 粒子含有サンプルの処理 - Google Patents
粒子含有サンプルの処理 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
図1を参照すると、マイクロ流体素子の例示のマイクロ流体回路ネットワーク110は、サンプル及び試薬物質をそれぞれ回路ネットワーク110に投入できるサンプル入口モジュール150及び試薬入口モジュール152を有している。一般に、入口モジュール150,152の一方又は両方は、コンピュータ制御式実験室ロボットを用いて物質の自動投入を可能にするよう構成されている。回路ネットワーク110は、マイクロ流体回路ネットワーク110から処理済みのサンプルを回収でき又はマイクロ流体回路ネットワーク110による処理済みサンプルの取出しを可能にするよう構成された出口ポートを更に有するのがよい。
上述したように、アクチュエータは、マイクロ流体素子内の上流側の圧力に対して下流側の圧力を減少させることによりマイクロ流体素子内でサンプルを操作することができる。幾つかの実施形態では、かかるアクチュエータは、濃縮した量の粒子を含むサンプルを調製するよう濃縮モジュールと組み合わせて用いられる。濃縮サンプルをマイクロ流体素子内の融解チャンバに送るのがよい。かかるマイクロ流体素子について以下に説明する。
図9Aを参照すると、マイクロ流体素子1000は、ベント1004及び弁1005を有するチャネル1003に通じる入口ポート1002を備えたマイクロ流体回路ネットワーク1001を有し、この弁1005は、常開位置を有するが、チャネル1003と弁1005の下流側の融解領域1006との間における物質の流通を妨げるよう閉鎖できる。融解領域1006の下流側部分1020は、廃棄物チャネル1008に結合され、この廃棄物チャネルは、廃棄物ポート1009に通じている。弁1011が、チャネル1008に沿う廃棄物ポート1009への物質の移動を選択的に可能にし又は妨げる。ゲート1022が、融解領域1006から下流側への物質の移動を選択的に妨げ又は可能にする。
本明細書中のどこか他の場所で説明したように、マイクロ流体素子は、マイクロ流体回路内における物質の移動を選択的に妨げ又は可能にするゲート及び弁を有している。例えば、ゲート及び(又は)弁は、例えば細胞の融解又はDNAの増幅のために加熱処理を受けたサンプルからの液体の蒸発を阻止することができる。本明細書において説明したように、ゲートは、閉鎖状態ではチャネルに沿う物質の移動を妨げる塊状のTRSを有する。ゲートの開放時、TRSの少なくとも一部が代表的には、素子の下流側チャネルに入る。弁は代表的には、塊状のTRSを開放チャネル内に導入してチャネルを塞ぐことにより動作する。流体制御要素、例えばゲート又は弁として使用できる例示の装置について以下に説明する。
サンプルをマイクロ流体素子に導入する代表的な方法は、ユーザと5つの別々の物体との相互作用を含む。例えば、移送緩衝液の管、注射器、針又は非穿刺針代替物、サンプル含浸スワブ又は綿棒及びマイクロ流体素子を用いて、ユーザは、サンプルをスワブから溶離させてこれを移動緩衝液の管内に入れる。溶離後、サンプル含有緩衝液を針を通して注射器内に吸い込み、針をはずし、注射器の内容物を例えばマイクロ流体素子の入口ポートを通ってマイクロ流体素子上に注入する。
代表的なマイクロ流体素子は、少なくとも第1の基板及び第2の基板を有する。一般に、これら基板のうちの第1のものは、マイクロ流体回路ネットワークのチャネル、チャンバ、弁、ゲート及び他の構造を備えた第1の表面を有する射出成形ポリマーで構成されている。第1の基板は代表的には、素子を手で操作できるほど剛性がある。第2の基板は、第1の基板の第1の表面の上に位置し、マイクロ流体回路ネットワークを密封する可撓性積層板又はラミネートである。幾つかの実施形態では、第3の基板、例えば、第2の可撓性積層板又はラミネートが、第1の基板の反対側の第2の表面の上に位置する。ポート及びベントを構成する通路が第1及び第3の基板を貫通し、それにより、流体をマイクロ流体回路ネットワークに出し入れできると共に気体及び気泡を回路ネットワークから抜くことができるようになっている。
実施例1:ベンチトップ熱融解
濃度が約100細胞/μlの2マイクロリットルのGBS培養物を0分間、1分間、2分間、3分間、4分間、5分間かけて97℃でLightCyclerの毛管内で融解させた。融解は、PCR(最終容量:7μl)をGBS専用プライマ及びプローブを用いて同一の毛管内で実施した。10〜10,000個のコピーを有する市販のキットから浄化されたゲノムDNAを用いて定量化のために標準を調製した。増幅結果の示すところによれば、1分間という短い時間が、GBS細胞を融解させるのに十分であった。
ガラスカバーガラスにより覆われた500nl融解チャンバを構成する主成分がエポキシの基板を有するマイクロ流体素子を調製した。実施例1のGBSを約500nl融解チャンバ内に装入した。入口ポートを接着剤ポリマーで密封した。マイクロ流体素子を2分間かけて融解させた。チップを加熱器上に配置し、2分間かけて97℃で融解させた。サンプルをピペットで回収し、サンプルの量をTE緩衝液(pH8.0)で10μlに増やした。約2μlのこの希釈サンプルにPCRを施した。実験を数回繰り返した。PCR増幅結果の示すところによれば、2分間の時間が細胞を融解させるのに十分であった。
約2mlのGBSスワブサンプルを培養のために大学病院の微生物学教室に送った。容量が約0.5mlのGBSのサンプルを調製し、24時間に満たない時間の間、4℃で貯蔵した。コードを各サンプルに割り当てて個々のものが何であるかが分からないようにした。サンプルを約2分間かけて14kRPMで遠心分離機内で遠心分離させ、0.02%SDS(ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム)を含む0.5mlTE中で再懸濁させた。次に、サンプルを3μmVersapor Acrodisc 注射器フィルタ(パル・ゲルマン・ラボラトリー(Pall Gelman Laboratory))に通し、再び遠心分離させた。遠心分離後、細胞をTE緩衝液中の1μlの0.02%SDS中に再懸濁させた。サンプル全体をマイクロ流体素子の融解チャンバ内に入れてラミネートで密封した。素子を3分間かけて97℃まで加熱して細胞を融解させた。サンプルをピペットで回収し、サンプルの量を5μlに増やした。1μlアプリコットの希釈サンプルをLightCycler内のGBS専用Taqmanプローブを用いてPCRについて用いた。臨床的感度は83%、臨床的特異性は91%、陽性反応的中度は65%、負の予測化は96%であった。
Claims (21)
- マイクロ流体素子であって、
粒子含有液体サンプルを受け入れる入口ポートと、
前記入口ポートと連通状態にあり、前記粒子含有液体サンプル中の粒子を前記粒子含有液体サンプル中の液体の第1の部分から空間的に分離するよう構成された保持部材と、
前記分離された粒子のうち少なくとも何割かと、前記粒子から分離された前記液体の前記第1の部分の一部とを再結合するよう構成された圧力アクチュエータとを有する、
ことを特徴とするマイクロ流体素子。 - 前記圧力アクチュエータは、前記マイクロ流体素子の内部の気体圧力を減少させるよう構成され、前記圧力アクチュエータは、前記粒子と連通状態にある、
請求項1記載のマイクロ流体素子。 - 前記液体の前記第1の部分の前記一部と前記液体の第1の部分の容積比は、少なくとも1%である、
請求項1記載のマイクロ流体素子。 - 前記液体の前記第1の部分の前記一部と前記液体の第1の部分の容積比は、25%未満である、
請求項1記載のマイクロ流体素子。 - 前記保持部材は、フィルタである、
請求項1記載のマイクロ流体素子。 - 前記マイクロ流体素子は、前記液体の前記一部のうち少なくとも何割かを受け入れるよう構成されたリザーバを有し、前記リザーバ内の圧力は、前記液体の前記第1の部分を受け入れると増大する、
請求項1記載のマイクロ流体素子。 - 粒子含有液体サンプルを処理する方法であって、
粒子含有液体サンプルを、第1の表面を備えた保持部材を有するマイクロ流体素子内に投入する段階と、
前記粒子含有液体サンプル中の液体の第1の部分を、少なくとも前記保持部材の前記第1の表面を通過させることにより、前記粒子含有液体サンプル中の前記液体の第1の部分を前記粒子含有液体サンプル中の粒子から空間的に分離する段階と、
保持された前記粒子と前記液体の前記第1の部分の一部とを再結合する段階とを有する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記保持された粒子の再結合段階は、前記マイクロ流体素子内の圧力を減少させる段階を含む、
請求項8記載の方法。 - 粒子含有液体サンプルを処理するマイクロ流体素子であって、
濃縮領域を有し、該濃縮領域は、保持部材を有し、該保持部材は、この保持部材内に受け入れられた粒子含有液体サンプル中の液体が前記保持部材の第1の表面を含む流出経路に沿って前記濃縮領域から出る一方で前記粒子含有液体サンプル中の粒子が前記保持部材によって保持されるように構成されており、
流体を前記保持部材の前記第1の表面を含む流入経路に沿って前記濃縮領域内に導入するよう構成された圧力アクチュエータを有する、
ことを特徴とするマイクロ流体素子。 - サンプルを濃縮する方法であって、
粒子含有液体サンプルをマイクロ流体回路ネットワークに導入する段階と、
圧力を前記粒子含有液体サンプルに加えて前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワーク内の前記液体サンプル中の粒子を保持するよう構成されたフィルタを通って前記流体サンプル中の第1の量の前記流体を追い出す段階と、
前記流体サンプル中の保持された粒子に減圧作用を及ぼして第2の少量の流体が前記フィルタを通って前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワークに入り、そして前記粒子を同伴し、それにより濃縮された粒子含有サンプルを生じさせる段階とを有する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記圧力を加える段階は、注射器を前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワークの入口ポートに結合する段階を含む、
請求項10記載の方法。 - 前記粒子含有液体サンプルを導入する段階は、圧力を加えて前記第1の量の流体を追い出す段階を更に含む、
請求項11記載の方法。 - 前記流体サンプル中の粒子に減圧作用を及ぼす段階は、真空を前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワーク内に生じさせる段階及び前記真空を前記保持された粒子に通じさせる段階を含む、
請求項12記載の方法。 - 粒子含有流体中の粒子の割合を増大させる装置であって、
マイクロ流体回路ネットワークを含む実質的に平板状の基板と、
前記基板と一体の機械作動式真空発生器とを有し、該真空発生器は、前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワークと流体連通状態にある拡張可能なチャンバを有する、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 粒子含有流体中の粒子の割合を増大させる装置であって、
第1の基板及び第2の基板を有し、該第1及び第2の基板はこれら基板相互間に、マイクロ流体回路ネットワークの少なくとも一部を構成し、前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワークは、第1の端部及び第2の端部を有し、前記第1の端部は、粒子含有流体を含むサンプルを受け入れるよう構成されており、前記第1及び第2の基板はこれら基板相互間に更に、チャンバを構成し、前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワークの前記第2の端部は、前記チャンバと流体連通状態にあり、
前記チャンバと作動的に関連した手動式部材を有し、該手動式部材は、作動時に、前記チャンバの容積を増大させるよう構成され、次に前記チャンバ内の圧力が減少すると流体が前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワークの前記第2の端部に向かって引き寄せられる、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 粒子含有流体サンプルを濃縮する方法であって、
粒子含有流体サンプル(PCFS)をフィルタに接触させて前記PCFS中の流体の第1の部分が前記フィルタを通過し、前記PCFS中の粒子が前記フィルタによって保持されるようにする段階と、
前記フィルタを通過した前記流体がチャンバに流入して該チャンバ内の圧力を増大させ、前記第1の部分よりも少ない前記流体の第2の部分が前記フィルタを通過して戻って前記フィルタにより保持されている前記粒子と再結合することができるようにする段階とを有する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - マイクロ流体素子であって、
第1及び第2の面を備えた第1の平板状基板と、
前記第1の平板状基板の前記第1の面に結合された第2の基板と、
前記第1の平板状基板の前記第2の面に結合された第3の基板とを有し、
前記第1の平板状基板の前記第1の面と前記第2の基板はこれらの間に、マイクロ流体サンプルを受け入れるよう形作られたチャネルを構成すると共に前記チャネルに隣接して設けられた或る量の熱反応性物質(TRS)を備え、該TRSは、第1の温度では静止状態にあり、第2のこれよりも高い温度では可動状態にあり、
前記第1の平板状基板の前記第2の面と前記第2の基板はこれらの間に、前記TRSと気体連通状態にあるチャンバを構成している、
ことを特徴とするマイクロ流体素子。 - マイクロ流体素子であって、
容積が10マイクロリットル未満の融解チャンバと、
前記融解チャンバに通じる上流側チャネル及び前記融解チャンバから延びる下流側チャネルと、
前記下流側チャネル内に設けられた温度反応性物質(TRS)の塊とを有し、前記TRSの前記塊は、(a)物質を前記融解チャンバに導入したときに物質の下流側への通過を阻止し、(b)加熱されると下流側に移動して前記融解チャンバからの物質の下流側への通過を可能にするよう構成されている、
ことを特徴とするマイクロ流体素子。 - 細胞含有サンプル中の細胞を融解させる方法であって、
前記細胞含有サンプルをマイクロ流体素子の融解チャンバに導入する段階を有し、下流側チャネルが、前記融解チャンバから下流側へ延び、前記融解チャンバの容積は、10マイクロリットル未満であり、前記融解チャンバから見て下流側に設けられた温度反応性物質(TRS)の塊が、前記融解チャンバからの前記サンプルの下流側への通過を阻止し、
前記融解チャンバ内の細胞を、細胞内物質を放出させるのに十分な温度まで加熱する段階を有し、
前記TRSを加熱し、次に前記TRS及び前記細胞内物質が下流側へ進むようにする段階を有する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - サンプルを処理する方法であって、
サンプルをマイクロ流体素子のマイクロ流体回路ネットワークに導入する段階を有し、前記導入により、前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワークと連通状態にあるリザーバ内に気体圧力が生じ、
前記気体圧力を前記リザーバ内に蓄える段階を有し、
前記気体圧力を利用して前記サンプルを前記マイクロ流体回路ネットワーク内で移動させる段階を有する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記気体圧力を利用する段階は、前記マイクロ流体素子内の温度反応性物質を加熱する段階を含む、
請求項20記載の方法。
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| JP2017151123A (ja) * | 2007-07-13 | 2017-08-31 | ハンディーラブ インコーポレイテッド | マイクロ流体カートリッジ用の基体 |
| JP2010271304A (ja) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-12-02 | Sony Corp | 試料溶液導入キット及び試料溶液注入器 |
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| JP2018173414A (ja) * | 2012-03-16 | 2018-11-08 | スタット−ダイアグノスティカ アンド イノベーション, エス. エル. | 統合された移送モジュールを有する試験カートリッジ |
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| JP2018503095A (ja) * | 2015-01-14 | 2018-02-01 | ピクセル メディカル テクノロジーズ リミテッド | 試料流体分析用の使い捨てカートリッジ |
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| KR20190029619A (ko) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-03-20 | 루미라디엑스 유케이 리미티드 | 유체 제어 |
| KR102472562B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-30 | 2022-12-02 | 루미라디엑스 유케이 리미티드 | 유체 제어 |
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| US20200325523A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
| JP4996248B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
| US20180112252A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
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| US20220010364A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 |
| WO2005011867A3 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
| US8679831B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
| US10865437B2 (en) | 2020-12-15 |
| US10731201B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
| US20100197008A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
| EP1654066B1 (en) | 2014-11-12 |
| US7731906B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 |
| EP2407243B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
| US9670528B2 (en) | 2017-06-06 |
| EP2402089A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| US20060205085A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
| US20210087609A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
| US12139745B2 (en) | 2024-11-12 |
| US11078523B2 (en) | 2021-08-03 |
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