JP2007314560A - Agents that sustain oxidative metabolism that accompanies exercise - Google Patents

Abstract

After exercise, energy metabolism centered on oxidative metabolism caused by the exercise is prevented from returning to energy metabolism centered on glycolytic metabolism, and this oxidative metabolism is maintained predominately.
By taking palatinose as a carbohydrate after exercise, oxidative metabolism that accompanies exercise is sustained.
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Description

The present invention relates to an agent for sustaining oxidative metabolism that occurs with exercise .

  Cells throughout the body, including the muscles that make up the human body, are equipped with two metabolic systems for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which plays an important role in energy metabolism. That is, one is glycolytic metabolism that does not require oxygen, and the other is oxidative metabolism that requires supply of oxygen.

  In the former glycolytic metabolism, since glycogen or glucose is used as an energy source, oxygen is not required for energy metabolism. Thus, for example, energy generated by such glycolytic metabolism is mainly used to supply energy required for rapid exercise such as short-distance sprinting.

  On the other hand, in the latter oxidative metabolism, fatty acid is used as an energy source in addition to glycogen or glucose, so that efficient energy production is carried out in the body, and supply of energy required for endurance exercise The energy generated by such oxidative metabolism is mainly used.

  In recent years, excessive accumulation of body fat resulting from overeating, unbalanced diet or lack of exercise has attracted attention as a serious factor that impairs health, and people's interest in body fat has increased greatly.

  Normally, when a person performs a permanent exercise that takes a large amount of oxygen into the body during exercise, such as jogging, aerobics or swimming, that is, aerobic exercise generally over 15 minutes, the energy metabolism in the body It is known that a system centering on glycolytic metabolism has shifted to a system centered on oxidative metabolism, and this oxidative metabolism is known to be superior to glycolytic metabolism. Since this oxidative metabolism consumes fatty acids as an energy source, endurance exercise helps to efficiently reduce fatty acids in the body, and therefore fat.

At this time, the respiratory quotient, which was 1.0, decreases to around 0.7. Here, the respiratory quotient is the ratio between the CO ₂ respiratory rate and the O ₂ respiratory rate released when the living body is breathing oxygen, and this respiratory quotient is the glycolytic metabolism and oxidation in the body. It is an index indicating which energy metabolism is active, that is, which is dominant. The value of the respiratory quotient indicates that the closer it is to 1.0, the more dominant the glycolytic metabolism is over oxidative metabolism, and the closer the value is to 0.7, the higher the glycolysis It shows that oxidative metabolism is more prevalent than metabolic.

  By the way, if you drink soft drinks, powdered drinks, jelly drinks, or nutritious confectionery that contains glucose or sucrose as a sugar to replenish water and sugar after such exercise, human energy metabolism is oxidized. It is easy to return from a system centered on metabolic metabolism to a system centered on glycolytic metabolism, and the oxidative metabolism that has become dominant can be replaced by glycolytic metabolism.

  In this way, even if the body's energy metabolism is changed from calm glycolysis to metabolism where oxidative metabolism is dominant by endurance exercise, soft drinks containing glucose or sucrose as a carbohydrate after exercise etc. , The oxidative metabolism that has been dominated by endurance exercise returns to the original glycolytic metabolism. Therefore, when such a soft drink or the like is ingested, achievement of the purpose of consuming fatty acids in the body by endurance exercise is hindered.

  Therefore, when a food or drink such as a soft drink used for supplementing water or sugar is ingested after an endurance exercise that consumes fatty acids in the body, the food or drink is oxidatively caused by the exercise. There has been a demand for the development of methods and foods and drinks that maintain the dominant oxidative metabolism without returning the energy metabolism centered on metabolism to the energy metabolism centered on glycolytic metabolism.

  As a result of repeating various studies in view of the above situation, the present inventors have ingested palatinose after exercise, the respiratory quotient in that case approaches 0.7, and as a result, the energy metabolism after this exercise is: It has been found that energy metabolism centered on oxidative metabolism is maintained predominately and does not return to energy metabolism centered on glycolytic metabolism.

The present invention was invented on the basis of such findings, and is an agent for sustaining oxidative metabolism that accompanies exercise, the agent comprising palatinose as an active ingredient, and the agent is ingested after exercise. It is related to the agent .

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, oxidative metabolism that accompanies exercise can be sustained. Therefore, even if the agent according to the present invention is ingested as a sugar supplement after exercise, for example, The fatty acids consumed in the metabolic metabolism can be effectively consumed, thereby reducing body fat.

  The palatinose used in the present invention is also referred to as isomaltulose, and is a disaccharide composed of glucose and α-1,6-glucosyl bond to fructose. The melting point of palatinose monohydrate crystal is 123-124 ° C, the specific rotation ▼ [α] 20D ▼ is + 97.2 °, the Ferring solution reducing power is 52% of glucose, and the solubility in 100 g of water Is 38.4 g at 20 ° C., 78.2 g at 40 ° C., and 174.9 g at 60 ° C. The sweetness quality of the aqueous solution is good and the sweetness is about 42% of sucrose.

  In addition to being found in honey and sweet potato juice, palatinose is also present in transfer products produced when α-glucosidase from bacteria and yeast acts on sucrose. That is, when α-glucosidase produced by bacteria such as Protaminobacter rubrum and Serratia plymuthica is used, most of sucrose is converted to palatinose.

  The industrial production method of palatinose is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-36959. Palatinose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme isomaltase present in the small intestinal mucosa and digested and absorbed. This digestion and absorption rate is slower than that of sucrose, the postprandial blood glucose level does not change much, and the amount of insulin secreted is also kept low. When palatinose, sucrose and fructose were ingested as drinking water after 60 minutes of exercise, respectively, changes over time in blood glucose level (plasma glucose concentration: mg / dl) and serum insulin concentration (μU / ml) after ingestion were They are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.

  Since palatinose used in the present invention is a carbohydrate that is completely metabolized in the body and helps to recover consumed glycogen, it is not only useful as an energy source after exercise, but also has a slow absorption and the insulin content. Unlike glucose and sucrose, the release of fatty acids, which are energy sources in the oxidative metabolic system, is not inhibited and is not inhibited, because it does not stimulate secretion and raises the blood glucose level. It is continuously supplied to the system in a stable state.

  In order to effectively use palatinose so that the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exerted, after performing aerobic exercise such as jogging, aerobics or swimming, it contains palatinose as a carbohydrate, for example, It can be ingested in the form of sports foods and drinks, for example, soft drinks for sports such as sports drinks, powdered drinks, jelly drinks or nutritionally adjusted confectionery.

According to the present invention, based on food and beverage, soft drinks and jelly beverages generally contain 3-15% by weight of palatinose, powdered beverages typically contain 65-95% by weight, and nutritionally conditioned confectionery generally contains palatinose. 10 to 50% by weight is sufficient, and if necessary, ingredients contained in general foods and drinks such as saccharides other than palatinose, minerals, organic acids, vitamins or fragrances are appropriately used. You may mix | blend.

  Using palatinose, sucrose and fructose as sugars, the effects of sugar intake immediately after exercise on glycolytic and oxidative metabolism were investigated.

a Test procedure:
Bicycle ergometer exercise equivalent to 60% of the maximum oxygen intake is applied to 5 healthy men and women aged 23-32 for 60 minutes, and either palatinose, sucrose, or fructose is added immediately after the exercise. Each of the drinks that were being taken. Each subject took these three sugar-added beverages randomly on different days.

  Venous blood was collected at rest before exercise and at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ingestion of beverages, and subjected to measurement of serum insulin concentration, serum free fatty acid concentration, and plasma glucose concentration. In addition, when the breathing quotient (RQ) is measured by collecting expiratory gas in 30 to 45 minutes and 45 to 60 minutes after starting the exercise, and when the exercise is stopped The respiratory quotient was also measured, and the temporal change in the respiratory quotient is shown in FIG.

  The sugar-added beverage was taken as an aqueous solution having a sugar concentration of 7% by weight, and 300 mL of this solution was drunk each time (sugar intake 21 g each time).

b Test results:
The change in respiratory quotient after drinking a sugar-added beverage showed a lower value when the sugar was palatinose than with either sucrose or fructose. In addition, the serum insulin concentration at the peak when palatinose was taken is lower than that of sucrose and is equivalent to that when fructose, which is considered to be weak in stimulating insulin secretion, and changes in serum insulin concentration after the peak Was moderate.

  The increase in plasma glucose concentration at 30 minutes after drinking was the second lowest for fructose in the case of palatinose, but after that the case of palatinose was the slowest of the three sugars. There was no difference between the three sugars in serum free fatty acid concentrations.

  From these results, when palatinose was ingested, a decrease in respiratory quotient was observed compared to both sucrose and fructose, so palatinose taken after exercise did not return energy metabolism to glycolytic metabolism, It can be seen that it is a carbohydrate that can sustain oxidative metabolism.

  Moreover, it is suggested that palatinose does not inhibit the degradation of fat because it suppresses the increase in plasma glucose concentration and the stimulation of insulin secretion is gentle. Furthermore, the small change in blood glucose level after ingesting palatinose is thought to be due to the slow progression of digestion and absorption, which is also advantageous for promoting the energyization of fatty acids in oxidative metabolism. Presumed to be.

  Thus, palatinose intake after exercise was found to be effective in maintaining oxidative metabolism that consumes fatty acids in energy metabolism.

  If you drink 1 can of refreshing water with the formulation shown in Formulation Example 1 below (as a normal 250 mL can beverage), you can ingest 21 g or more of palatinose shown in Example 1.

Formulation Example 1: Soft drinking water (sports drink)
Palatinose 10% by weight
Citric acid 0.15% by weight
Vitamin C 0.03% by weight
Sodium chloride 0.05% by weight
Potassium chloride 0.04% by weight
Calcium lactate 0.012% by weight
Magnesium carbonate 0.002% by weight
Sodium glutamate 0.006% by weight
Perfume

  If you drink 1 refreshing drinking water (as a normal 500 mL PET bottle beverage) with the formulation shown in Formulation Example 2 below, you can ingest 21 g or more of palatinose shown in Example 1.

Formulation Example 2: Refreshing drinking water (near water)
Palatinose 5% by weight
Citric acid 0.15% by weight
Vitamin C 0.03% by weight
Sodium chloride 0.05% by weight
Potassium chloride 0.04% by weight
Calcium lactate 0.012% by weight
Magnesium carbonate 0.002% by weight
Sodium glutamate 0.006 wt%
Stevia 0.005% by weight
Vitamin P 0.0002% by weight
Perfume

  If you drink half of the beverage prepared by dissolving 50-60 g of powdered beverage of the formulation shown in Formulation Example 3 below in 250-1000 mL of water, you will ingest 21 g or more of palatinose shown in Example 1 Can do.

Formulation Example 3: Refreshing drinking water (near water)
Palatinose 84.7% by weight
Powdered fruit juice 10.0% by weight
Anhydrous citric acid 3.0% by weight
Sodium citrate 0.4% by weight
L ascorbine 0.5% by weight
Sodium ascorbate 0.3% by weight
Riboflavin (content: 10% by weight) 0.1% by weight
Perfume

  If you drink one jelly beverage (as a regular 180 g tier pack) with the formulation shown in Formulation Example 4 below, you can ingest 21 g or more of palatinose as shown in the Examples.

Formulation Example 4: Jelly drink Palatinose 15% by weight
Dietary fiber 5% by weight
Gelling agent 1% by weight
Citric acid 0.3% by weight
Vitamin C 0.06% by weight
Sodium citrate pH adjustment fragrance

It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the plasma glucose concentration (blood glucose level: mg / dl) after the ingestion when palatinose, sucrose and fructose are ingested as drinking water after 60 minutes of exercise, respectively. It is a graph which shows a time-dependent change of the serum insulin density | concentration (μU / dl) after the ingestion, when palatinose, sucrose, and fructose are each ingested as drinking water after 60 minutes of exercise. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the respiratory quotient before and after the ingestion when palatinose, sucrose and fructose are each ingested as drinking water after 60 minutes of exercise.

Claims (1)

An agent for sustaining oxidative metabolism caused by exercise, wherein the agent contains palatinose as an active ingredient, and the agent is taken after exercise.

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