JP2007301980A - Laser laminating method and laser laminating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform laminating by positioning a laser beam and a powder-like additive at a laminating eccentric position in the vicinity of the laminating center position and having a predetermined decentering amount in the lateral direction with respect to the laminating center position. The laser beam and the powder-like additive are positioned at a stacking eccentric position that is in the vicinity of the stacking center position and has a predetermined eccentricity in a direction opposite to the lateral direction with respect to the stacking center position. The present invention relates to a laser laminating method and a laser laminating apparatus for laminating and alternately laminating.
SOLUTION: A laser beam and a powder are positioned at a stacking eccentric position 2 having an eccentricity ΔL in a lateral direction with respect to the stacking center position 1, a first layer stack 101 is stacked, and then the stacking center position 1 is stacked. On the other hand, a laser laminating method in which a laser beam and powder are positioned at a decentering position 2 having an eccentricity ΔL in the direction opposite to the lateral direction, the second layer stack 102 is stacked, and these layers are alternately stacked.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention supplies a powder-like additive along the vicinity of the lamination center position of the laminated line, melts the powder-like additive with a laser beam and / or its molten pool, and follows the vicinity of the lamination center position. The present invention relates to a laser laminating method and a laser laminating apparatus for laminating in multiple layers by performing melting several times.

  The laser heat source is used not only in the welding field but also in the laser additive manufacturing field because the light is narrowed down and a high power density is obtained. At that time, there is a material that uses a filler wire as an additive, but when the laser condensing diameter is thin, it is difficult to accurately supply the filler wire to the place irradiated with the laser and melt it. .

  In order to solve this problem, a method using powder instead of a filler wire has been proposed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

  In this case, it was important how to stably supply the powder. For example, there has been a method for stably supplying powder from a device for supplying powder (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In actual lamination, there are various fluctuation factors, and it was not sufficient to achieve stable lamination simply by stabilizing the supply of powder.

In order to solve this problem, for example, a method has been proposed in which the stack height is sensed and the stack height is made uniform according to the sensing signal (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
Marutani Yoji, Latest Trends in Rapid Prototyping, Laser Research, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 27-34 JP-A-4-84684 JP-A-11-347761

  However, the method of sensing the height of the stack and making the stack height uniform according to the sensing signal requires a sensor to sense the stack height. There has been a new problem that the device configuration becomes complicated.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention supplies powder along the vicinity of the lamination center position of the lamination line, melts the powder in a molten pool formed by laser light and / or laser light, and near the lamination center position. A laser laminating method for laminating in multiple layers by performing melting along a plurality of times,
Lamination is performed by positioning the laser beam and the powder in the vicinity of the stacking center position and at a first stacking eccentric position having a predetermined amount of eccentricity in a lateral direction with respect to the stacking center position. The laser beam and the powder at a second stacking eccentric position that is in the vicinity of the stacking center position and has a predetermined eccentricity in a direction opposite to the first stacking eccentric position with respect to the stacking center position. And laminating the powder, and alternately melting the powder at the first decentered position and melting the powder at the second decentered position.

In the present invention, powder is supplied along the vicinity of the lamination center position of the lamination line, the powder is melted in a molten pool formed by laser light and / or laser light, and a plurality of meltings near the lamination center position are performed. A laser laminating apparatus for laminating in multiple layers,
A powder supply device for supplying powder, a laser device for generating laser light for melting the powder, a laser head for introducing the powder and the laser light in the vicinity of the stacking center position of the stack, and the laser head A moving device for attaching and moving the moving device, and a control device for controlling the moving device, the control device having a predetermined eccentricity in the vicinity of the stacking center position and laterally with respect to the stacking center position. The moving device is controlled so that the laser head is located at a first stack eccentric position having a quantity, and then the first position relative to the stack center position and in the vicinity of the stack center position. The moving device is controlled so that the laser head is located at a second laminated eccentric position having a predetermined eccentricity in a direction opposite to the laminated eccentric position of the first laminated eccentric position. A laser stack apparatus which is characterized in that melting of the powder in the molten and second laminated eccentric position of the powder alternately.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the laser beam and the powder are positioned in the vicinity of the stacking center position and at the first stacking eccentric position having a predetermined eccentricity in the lateral direction with respect to the stacking line. Lamination is performed, and then in the vicinity of the stacking center position and at a second stacking eccentric position having a predetermined amount of eccentricity in a direction opposite to the first stacking eccentric position with respect to the stacking line. Lamination is performed by positioning the laser beam and the powder, and by alternately melting the powder at the first laminating eccentric position and melting the powder at the second laminating eccentric position, The height can be made uniform.

Hereinafter, a laser laminating method and a laser laminating apparatus in the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a laminate produced by the laser lamination method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a stacking center position indicating the center of a position where a stack is to be formed on the stack 4. Reference numerals 2 and 3 denote first and second stacking eccentric positions having a predetermined eccentricity amount ΔL with respect to the stacking center position 1, respectively, and are respectively located on both sides of the stacking center position 1. Reference numeral 101 denotes a first layer stack when the first stack is performed around the stack eccentric position 2. Reference numeral 102 denotes a second layer stack when the second stack is performed around the stack eccentric position 3. Reference numerals 103 and 104 are the same as the first layer stack 101 and the second layer stack 102, and are the third layer stack and the fourth layer stack, respectively. W is a target stack width of a multilayer width a target of the laminate to be make, W ₀ is the respective layers laminated width of a stacked width of each layer in the case of performing lamination of each. Usually, the target stack width W has a slightly larger value than the layers laminated width W _0. Although the entire laminate is not shown, the cross section of each is as shown in FIG. Further, in the laminate, the locus formed by the lamination center position 1 (straight line) in each cross section is the center of the laminate, which may be a flat surface or a curved surface. In the following description, a line formed by intersecting the locus (plane or curved surface) and the surface of the object 4 is referred to as a laminated line. Needless to say, it may be a straight line or a curved line. This is common to the first and subsequent embodiments, and a description thereof will be omitted.

A detailed method of the laser laminating method of the present invention described above will be described with reference to FIG. When a laminate is to be formed at the stack center position 1 in the stack 4, the first stack 101 is first stacked at the stack eccentric position 2. Thereafter, at the stacking eccentric position 3, the second stacking 102 which is the second stacking is performed. Thereafter, the third layer stack 103 and the fourth layer stack 104 are sequentially stacked, and the above process is repeated to form a stack. As a result, in each stack, a stack with each layer stack width W ₀ can be obtained, and finally a stack with the target stack width W can be obtained.

  The effect of the laser laminating method of the present invention described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional laser lamination method. In addition, the same symbol is attached | subjected to the thing of the same function and the same operation | movement as the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1, and the description is abbreviate | omitted. Reference numeral 501 denotes the first layer stack when the first stack is performed around the stack center position 1. Reference numeral 502 a denotes a molten pool when the second lamination is performed around the lamination center position 1 on the first layer lamination 501. 502b and 502c are molten pools when the molten pool 502a vibrates randomly before the molten pool 502a hardens. As shown in the figure, the centers of the molten pools corresponding to the molten pool 502b and the molten pool 502c are eccentric positions when viewed from the molten pool 502a, and are indicated by 5 and 6, respectively. Needless to say, when the molten pool 502b and the molten pool 502c are solidified as they are, the eccentric position 5 and the eccentric position 6 become the stacked eccentric positions at that time. The molten pool 502a is preferably solidified as it is, but in an actual lamination, it always vibrates, and the reason is complicated. For example, when the second layer is stacked, a part of the first layer stack 501 is melted to support the molten pool 502a. The melting of the first layer stack 501 is unbalanced (asymmetric) with respect to the stack center position 1, and as a result, the position of the molten pool formed at that time is also random. It can be in either state of the molten pool 502c. Further, when laminating the second layer, the laser beam strikes the molten pool 502a, so that the molten metal evaporates from the molten pool 502a. Since the vapor from the molten metal exerts a reaction force on the molten pool 502a, the molten pool 502a starts to vibrate randomly under the influence of the reaction force, and either the molten pool 502b or the molten pool 502c. It is possible that this could be a condition.

  In the laser laminating method of the present invention as compared with the conventional laser laminating method described above, when the second laminating layer 102 is laminated, an eccentricity ΔL is intentionally provided for the laminating center position 1 as shown in FIG. The molten pool is formed at a location away from the stacking center position 1 by an eccentric amount ΔL from the beginning. Therefore, even if the above-mentioned various fluctuation factors work in actual stacking, the molten pool formed with the eccentricity ΔL is in the opposite direction to the stacking center position 1 if the eccentricity ΔL is appropriate. Is less likely to be eccentric. As a result, the second layer stack 102 can be stably formed at the stacking eccentric position 2 as compared with the conventional laser stacking method. Needless to say, the stacks after the third layer stack 103 can be formed stably for the same reason.

  As described above, according to the laser laminating method of the present invention, the laser beam and the powdery additive are added to the first laminating eccentric position having a predetermined decentering amount in the lateral direction with respect to the laminating center position of the laminating line. Lamination is performed, and then a second stacking eccentric position that is in the vicinity of the stacking center position and has a predetermined eccentricity in a direction opposite to the lateral direction with respect to the stacking center position. Lamination is performed by positioning the laser beam and the powdery additive, and by alternately performing the lamination, the width and height of the lamination can be made uniform.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a laser stacking apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 1 having the same function and the same operation as those in FIG.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a powder supply device including a powder supply unit 701 and a powder transport unit 702, and reference numeral 8 denotes a laser device including a laser oscillator 801 and a laser transmission unit 802. 9 receives the laser beam 10 generated from the laser oscillator 801 and transmitted from the laser transmission means 802, condenses it, and irradiates the stacking position of the stack 4, and also supplies the powder supply unit 701. This is a laser head that can receive the powder 11 that has been supplied from and supplied from the powder transfer unit 702 and supply it to the stacking position of the stack 4. The laser transmission means 802 may be an optical fiber or a transmission system combined with a lens. Although not shown, the powder transport unit 702 may be a flexible tube connected to a powder supply unit 701 provided with a container for holding the powder 11. The laser head 9 may be a pipe as a structure for passing the powder 11 therein, and may be provided with one or more holes so that the powder 11 can be ejected from these holes. May be. Reference numeral 12 denotes a moving device to which the laser head 9 is attached and moves it. A control device 13 controls the powder supply device 7, the laser device 8, and the moving device 12.

  The operation of the laser laminating apparatus of the present invention described above will be described with reference to FIGS. When trying to make a laminate at the lamination center position 1 of the laminate 4, first, the control device 13 controls the moving device 12 so that the irradiation position of the laser beam 10 and the supply position of the powder 11 are predetermined. A position, for example, the first laminated eccentric position 2 is set. Thereafter, by controlling the laser device 8 and the powder supply device 7, the powder 11 is supplied to the stacking position of the stacking eccentric position 2, the laser beam 10 is irradiated, and the moving device 12 is moved to 1 The layer stack 101 is stacked. Next, the control device 13 controls the moving device 12 to align the irradiation position of the laser beam 10 and the supply position of the powder 11 with the second stacking eccentric position 3. Thereafter, the second layer stack 102 is stacked in the same manner as the stack of the first layer stack 101. By repeating the above, the subsequent stacking of the third layer stack 103 and the fourth layer stack 104 is performed.

  As described above, according to the laser laminating apparatus of the present invention, the laser beam and the powdery additive are positioned at the first decentering position having a predetermined decentering amount in the lateral direction with respect to the center position of the stacking. Lamination is performed, and then the laser beam is positioned at a second stacking eccentric position in the vicinity of the stacking center position and having a predetermined eccentricity in a direction opposite to the lateral direction with respect to the stacking center position. And the powdery additive are positioned to perform lamination, and by alternately carrying out the lamination, the width and height of the lamination can be made uniform.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a laser laminating apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3 is different from the moving device 12 and the control device 13 in the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. The robot apparatus 16 which consists of is used. Note that components having the same functions and operations as those in FIG.

  As shown, the laser head 9 is attached to the operation unit (manipulator) 14. The robot device 16 moves the laser head 9 by controlling the operation unit (manipulator) 14 with the control unit 15. The operation of the laser laminating apparatus of the present invention described above is as follows. The robot device 16 controls the laser device 8 and the powder supply device 7 and performs the laser head 9 attached to the operation unit (manipulator) 14 at a predetermined stacking position when stacking is performed on the stack 4. Lamination is carried out by moving to.

  As described above, in the laser laminating apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the robot apparatus 16 is used instead of the moving apparatus 12 and the control apparatus 13 in the laser laminating apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. A similar effect can be obtained.

(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a form of a penetration shape that can be formed in a stack material 4 or a bulk material having a powder 11 material by a combination of a laser power density and a focused diameter in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the shape of the molten pool formed in the laminate 4 or a bulk material having the material of the powder 11 when only the laser beam 10 is irradiated without supplying the powder 11. Details of the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
In FIG. 4, HCA is a region where a heat conduction type penetration can be formed by the combination of the laser power density and the focused diameter, and KHA is a keyhole type penetration by the combination of the laser power density and the focused diameter. Is a region where can be formed. C1 is a curve showing a boundary between the heat conduction type penetration area HCA and the keyhole type penetration area KHA. The heat conduction type penetration area HCA and the keyhole type penetration area KHA correspond to the penetration shapes shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), respectively. That is, FIG. 5A shows a penetration shape when the laser power density is low, and FIG. 5B shows a penetration shape corresponding to when the laser power density is high. In FIG. 5A, reference numeral 201 denotes a molten pool (molten region) formed when only the laser beam 10 is applied to the bulk material having the material 4 or the powder 11. In this case, since the power density of the laser beam 10 is low, a large and shallow molten pool 201 is formed as illustrated. In FIG. 5B, since the power density of the laser beam 10 is sufficiently high, the surface of the stack 4 is melted and intense evaporation 202 is generated. The evaporation 202 forms a keyhole 204 having a size corresponding to the magnitude of the output of the laser beam 10 and its power density. As shown in the drawing, a molten pool 205 is formed. The heat conduction penetration region HCA and the key curve C1 is the boundary between the hole-type penetration region KHA, when laminating the first layer in the stack 4, P ₀ is the laser light in the laminate 4 The power density of 10 is determined by the equation (Equation 1) of P ₀ · a = CONST1 where a is the condensing diameter of the laser beam 10 and CONST1 is a constant corresponding to the material of the stack 4.

When performing the the second layer stack 102 and subsequent lamination, the curve C1 is the boundary between the heat conduction type penetration region HCA and keyhole-type penetration region KHA in Figure 4, the laser beam in the P ₀ is stacking position 10 , A is a condensing diameter of the laser beam 10, and CONST2 is determined by an equation (Equation 2) of P ₀ · a = CONST2 when a constant corresponding to a bulk material having the same material as the powder 11 is used.

In FIG. 4, the memory is not shown on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, but this is because only the schematic diagram is shown here because the curve C1 also changes when the material of the laminate 4 or the powder 11 changes. . As values of constant CONST1 or constant CONST2 of some materials, 22 to 27 for stainless steel and 25 to 30 for steel may be used. However, KW / cm ² and mm are used as units of the power density P ₀ and the light collection diameter a at this time, respectively.

Consider the actual stacking. In the first layer, it is desirable to minimize the melting of the stack 4. Therefore, it is necessary to select the power density P ₀ and the focused diameter a of the laser beam 10 in the heat conduction type penetration area HCA. That is, if the light condensing diameter a is determined, the power density of the laser light 10 needs to be set lower than the value of the curve C1 corresponding to the light converging diameter a. Conversely, if the power density P ₀ of the laser beam 10 is determined, the condensing diameter a of the laser beam 10 needs to be set smaller than the value of the curve C 1 corresponding to the power density P _0. . However, Formula 1 must be used to calculate the curve C1 at this time. In the second and subsequent layers, since the layering is performed on the first layer or the previous previous layer, it is desirable that the previous layer is not melted as deeply as possible. Therefore, selection of the power density P ₀ and the condensing diameter a of the laser beam 10 at that time, it is necessary to perform the same method as in the first layer, the Equation 2 for the calculation of the curve C1 Must be used.

The reason for selecting the power density P ₀ and the focused diameter a of the laser beam 10 by the method described above will be described with reference to FIG.

  That is, if the powder 11 is supplied in the state shown in FIG. 5B and the first layer is laminated, the powder 11 is melted and enters the keyhole 204 or the molten pool 205. Therefore, it is not possible to form a good laminate. If the first layer is not well stacked, it is easily considered that the second and subsequent layers are also difficult to stack. On the other hand, when the second and subsequent layers are stacked, if a high laser power density as shown in FIG. 5B is used, there is a risk that the layers stacked before that may be melted deeply. Can't get.

  As described above, in the laser laminating method or laser laminating apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, in the laser laminating method or laser laminating apparatus according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention, the first layer is formed. When laminating, the power density of the laser beam at the laminating position is set to be less than or equal to the value obtained from Equation 1, but when laminating the second and subsequent layers, the power density of the laser beam at the laminating position is approximately Equation 2. By making the value not more than the value obtained from the above, the width and height of the stack can be made uniform.

(Embodiment 5)
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of laminating the second layer using the laser laminating method or the laser laminating apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same symbol is attached | subjected to the thing of the same function and the same operation | movement as the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

Reference numeral 17 denotes an optical axis of the laser beam 10, which is set to the same position as the stacking eccentric position 3 for stacking the second layer. a is a condensing diameter at the position where the laser beam 10 is laminated. ΔM is the difference between the right end of the second layer stack 102 and the first layer stack 101, and is the amount of protrusion of the second layer stack 102 with respect to the first layer stack 101. ΔH is the stack height of the first layer stack 101. △ H _M, when performing the lamination of the second layer stack 102, a melt depth indicating a depth to melt the first layer laminate 101.

The function or operation of the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 6, if the amount of protrusion ΔM is too large, when the second layer stack 102 is stacked, the unmelted portion of the first layer stack 101 cannot support the molten pool of the second layer stack. There is a risk of sagging. Further, when the fusion depth △ H _M is too deep, when laminating the second layer stack 102, will not be sufficiently still is unmelted portion of the first layer stack 101 supporting the molten pool of the second layer stack, the molten metal Dripping occurs. Therefore, in the present invention, the amount of eccentricity ΔL in the lateral direction with respect to the stacking center position 1 is smaller, which is either 1/4 of the condensing diameter a of the laser beam 10 at the stacking position or 1/4 of the target stacking width W of the stacking. By making the value less than or equal to this value, it is possible to prevent the molten metal from sagging and to make the width and height of the stack uniform. In the present invention, when performing the lamination of each layer, selected laser output to less than half of the stack height △ H of the stack of the immediately preceding melt depth △ H _M for lamination immediately before By doing so, the molten metal can be prevented from sagging and the width and height of the stack can be made uniform.

  In the above description, the second layer stack 102 has been described as an example. Needless to say, the subsequent layers are the same.

(Embodiment 6)
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a laminate obtained by the laser laminating method or laser laminating apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. Here, an explanation will be given by taking as an example a lamination in which powder 11a and powder 11b having two kinds of main components are used. 1 having the same function and the same operation as those in FIG.

  Reference numeral 301 denotes a first layer stack which is the first stack performed at the stack eccentric position 2 using the powder 11a. Reference numeral 302 denotes a second layer stack, which is the second layer stack performed at the stack eccentric position 3 using the powder 11b. Thereafter, the powder 11a and the powder 11b are used and laminated alternately. Embodiment 6 of the present invention has the following characteristics. After the lamination of the first layer stack 301 using the powder 11a, the second layer stack 302 is stacked using the powder 11b. Therefore, when the stacking of the second layer stack 302 is completed, The component of the second layered layer 302 is a component obtained by mixing a part of the powder 11a and a part of the powder 11b. Moreover, the laminated body of a predetermined component can be obtained by adjusting the supply amount of powder 11a and powder 11b. In the above description, examples of two types of powders have been described, but it goes without saying that there are at least two types of main components of the powder.

  As described above, in Embodiment 6 of the present invention, a powder having at least two kinds of main components is used, and the widths and heights of the layers are made uniform by sequentially laminating them, and predetermined A laminate having the following mixed components can be obtained.

(Embodiment 7)
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of powder outlets 19a to 19h from which the powder 11 exits the laser head 9 in the laser laminating apparatus according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. First, the structure will be described.

  Reference numeral 18 denotes a chip that is attached to the tip portion of the laser head 9 and feeds the powder 11 toward the stack 4. Reference numerals 19a to 19h denote powder 11 supply paths provided on the chip 18. The end surface 20 of the chip 18 serves as a powder outlet (hereinafter also referred to as a powder outlet 19). As shown in the figure, the powder outlet 19 is arranged concentrically around the optical axis 17 of the laser beam 10. It should be noted that the powder 11 emitted from the powder outlet 19 intersects the position where the laser beam 10 is irradiated almost in the vicinity of the surface of the workpiece 4.

  Next, referring to FIG. 8, when powder 11a and powder 11b having at least two kinds of main components are used, the powder 11a to the powder outlet 19 for delivering the powder 11 from the chip 18 is used. And the distribution of the powder 11b will be described. Although not shown, the powder 11a is sent out from the powder outlet 19a, the powder outlet 19c, the powder outlet 19e, and the powder outlet 19g. The powder 11b is sent out from the powder outlet 19b, the powder outlet 19d, the powder outlet 19f, and the powder outlet 19h.

  With the above configuration, when a molten pool is formed at the stacking position of the stack 4, the powder 11 a and the powder 11 b are mixed to form a stack that is a uniform mixed component. In addition, the laminated body of a predetermined component can be obtained by adjusting the supply amount of the said powder 11a and the said powder 11b.

In the above description, examples of two types of powder 11 have been described. Needless to say, it is sufficient that there are at least two types of main components of the powder. The structure of the powder outlet 19 and the distribution of the powder 11 there are as follows. That is, when the number of the main components of the powder 11 is two or more, the number of the powder outlets 19 arranged concentrically with the optical axis 17 of the laser beam 10 is made a multiple of the type of the main components of the powder 11 and the powder. The same effect can be obtained by arranging the powder 11 assigned to the outlet 19 in order for each main component.

  As described above, in Embodiment 7 of the present invention, the powder having at least two kinds of main components is simultaneously supplied to the laminating position and laminated, thereby making the width and height of the lamination uniform and uniform. A laminate having mixed components can be obtained.

  In the description from the first embodiment of the present invention to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the laminated line is not limited, but it may be a straight line or a curved line.

  The laser laminating method or laser laminating apparatus according to the present invention is industrially useful because the stacking height can be made uniform with a simple configuration.

Schematic diagram showing a cross section of a laminate produced by the laser laminating method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Block diagram showing a laser laminating apparatus in Embodiment 2 of the present invention Block diagram showing a laser laminating apparatus in Embodiment 3 of the present invention In Embodiment 4 of this invention, the schematic diagram which shows the form of the penetration shape which can be formed in the bulk material which has the material of the to-be-laminated body 4 or the powder 11 with the combination of the power density of a laser, and a condensing diameter. The schematic diagram which shows the shape of the molten pool formed in the bulk material with the material of the to-be-laminated body 4 or the powder 11 when only the laser beam 10 is irradiated, without supplying the powder 11 Schematic diagram for explaining a method of laminating the second layer using the laser laminating method or laser laminating apparatus in Embodiment 5 of the present invention Schematic diagram showing a cross section of a laminate produced by the laser laminating method or laser laminating apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the invention In the laser laminating apparatus in Embodiment 7 of this invention, the schematic diagram which shows arrangement | positioning of the powder exits 19a-19h from which the powder 11 comes out of the laser head 9 Schematic diagram showing a conventional laser lamination method

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lamination | stacking center position 2 1st lamination | stacking eccentric position 3 2nd lamination | stacking eccentric position 4 Stack object 5 Eccentric position 6 Eccentric position 7 Powder supply apparatus 8 Laser apparatus 9 Laser head 10 Laser beam 11 Powder 11a Powder 11b Powder 12 Moving apparatus 13 Control Device 14 Operation Unit (Manipulator)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Control part 16 Robot apparatus 17 Optical axis 18 Tip 19 Powder exit 19a Powder exit 19b Powder exit 19c Powder exit 19d Powder exit 19e Powder exit 19f Powder exit 19g Powder exit 19h Powder exit 20 Chip end face 101 1st layer lamination 102 2nd layer Lamination 103 Third layer lamination 104 Fourth layer lamination 201 Molten pool 202 Evaporation 203 Molten pool 204 Keyhole 205 Molten pool 301 First layer lamination 302 Second layer lamination 701 Powder supply unit 702 Powder conveyance unit 801 Laser oscillator 802 Laser conveyance means 501 first layer stack 502a molten pool 502b molten pool 502c molten pool a Atsumariko径C1 curve HCA heat conduction penetration region KHA keyhole-type penetration region P ₀ laser power density W target stack width ₀ layers laminated width △ H stack height △ _{H M} fusion depth △ L eccentricity △ M protrusion amount

Claims (18)

By supplying powder along the vicinity of the stacking center position of the stacking line, melting the powder in a molten pool formed with laser light and / or laser light, and performing melting along the stacking center position multiple times. A laser laminating method for laminating layers,
Lamination is performed by positioning the laser beam and the powder in the vicinity of the stacking center position and at a first stacking eccentric position having a predetermined amount of eccentricity in a lateral direction with respect to the stacking center position. The laser beam and the powder at a second stacking eccentric position that is in the vicinity of the stacking center position and has a predetermined eccentricity in a direction opposite to the first stacking eccentric position with respect to the stacking center position. And laminating, and alternately laminating the powder at the first decentered position and melting the powder at the second decentered position.   2. The laser lamination method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined amount of eccentricity is equal to or less than a smaller value of ¼ of a focused diameter of laser light at a lamination position or ¼ of a target lamination width of the lamination. The power density of the laser beam at the stacking position when the first layer is stacked is P ₀ : laser power density (KW / cm ² ) at the stacking position, a: the laser condensing diameter (mm) at the stacking position, CONST1: 3. The laser laminating method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when a constant corresponding to a material of the object to be laminated is used, the value is approximately equal to or less than a value obtained from an equation of P ₀ · a = CONST1. The power density of the laser at the stacking position when stacking the second and subsequent layers is set as follows: P ₀ : laser power density at the stacking position (KW / cm ² ), a: laser condensing diameter (mm) at the stacking position, 3. The laser laminating method according to claim 1, wherein when the constant corresponding to the material of the powder is set to CONST2, the value is approximately equal to or less than the value obtained from the formula P ₀ · a = CONST2.   5. The laser output is selected so that the melting depth for the immediately preceding stack is not more than ½ of the stack height of the immediately preceding stack when each layer is stacked. The laser lamination method according to any one of the above.   The laser laminating method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the powder has at least two kinds of compositions and is laminated in order.   The laser laminating method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the powder has at least two kinds of compositions and is supplied to the laminating position at the same time. By supplying powder along the vicinity of the stacking center position of the stacking line, melting the powder in a molten pool formed with laser light and / or laser light, and performing melting along the stacking center position multiple times. A laser laminating apparatus for laminating layers,
A powder supply device for supplying powder, a laser device for generating laser light for melting the powder, a laser head for introducing the powder and the laser light in the vicinity of the stacking center position of the stack, and the laser head A moving device for attaching and moving the moving device, and a control device for controlling the moving device, the control device having a predetermined eccentricity in the vicinity of the stacking center position and laterally with respect to the stacking center position. The moving device is controlled so that the laser head is located at a first stack eccentric position having a quantity, and then the first position relative to the stack center position and in the vicinity of the stack center position. The moving device is controlled so that the laser head is located at a second laminated eccentric position having a predetermined eccentricity in a direction opposite to the laminated eccentric position of the first laminated eccentric position. Laser stack apparatus characterized by performing the melting of the powder in the molten and second laminated eccentric position of the powder alternately.   9. The control device according to claim 8, wherein the control device controls the predetermined amount of eccentricity to be equal to or smaller than a smaller value of ¼ of a focused diameter of laser light at a stacking position or ¼ of a target stacking width of a stack. Laser laminating equipment.   The laser laminating apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein an industrial robot is used as the control device and the moving device. When laminating the first layer, the laser beam power density at the stacking position is P ₀ : laser power density at the stacking position (KW / cm ² ), a: the laser condensing diameter (mm) at the stacking position, CONST1: covered The laser laminating apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein when the constant corresponding to the material of the laminate is used, the value is approximately equal to or less than the value obtained from the equation P ₀ · a = CONST1. When stacking the second and subsequent layers, the laser power density at the stacking position is P ₀ : laser power density at the stacking position (KW / cm ² ), a: the laser condensing diameter (mm) at the stacking position, CONST2 The laser laminating apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein when the constant corresponding to the material of the powder is used, the value is approximately equal to or less than the value obtained from the equation P ₀ · a = CONST2.   13. The laser output is selected so that when each layer is stacked, the melt depth for the immediately preceding stack is ½ or less of the stack height of the immediately preceding stack. The laser laminating apparatus according to any one of the above.   The laser laminating apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the powder has at least two kinds of compositions and is laminated in order.   The laser laminating apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the powder has at least two kinds of compositions and supplies them simultaneously to a laminating position.   16. The laser laminating apparatus according to claim 15, wherein a supply path is provided in the laser head for the number of types of powder, and a powder outlet from which the powder exits the laser head is arranged concentrically with the optical axis of the laser beam.   The number of powder outlets arranged concentrically with the optical axis of the laser beam is a multiple of the kind of the main component of the powder, and the powder assigned to the powder outlet is arranged in order for each main component. Laser laminating equipment. The laser lamination apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 17, wherein the lamination line is a straight line or a curve.