JP2007298192A - Gas turbine cogeneration system and method of use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a gas turbine cogeneration system and a method of using the same that improve the thermal efficiency by effectively using exhaust heat of a gas turbine.
A gas turbine 3 provided with a regenerator 4 that raises the temperature of compressed air, a boiler 5 that circulates the turbine exhaust of the gas turbine 3 to generate steam, and chilled water using the generated steam as power. An absorption refrigerator 8 to be manufactured, a desiccant air conditioner 6 that manufactures dry air by circulating air while being dried and regenerated by boiler exhaust discharged from the boiler 5, and cooling the dry air with cooling water Sensible heat cooler 7 for producing hot water while producing cooled dry air, and generation of dry cold air for producing low-temperature dry air for cooling by exchanging heat between the cooled dry air and the cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator 8 This is a gas turbine cogeneration system composed of a vessel 9.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas turbine cogeneration system used as a distributed power source and a method of using the same.

A gas turbine is installed in a building or the like and used as a distributed power source. Since this gas turbine generally has a small intake flow rate and cannot increase the compression ratio in the compressor, the gas temperature cannot be lowered sufficiently even if the turbine is turned to a high-temperature gas in the combustor. For this reason, in a gas turbine, a regenerative gas turbine that usually has a heat exchanger called a regenerator and uses the regenerator for preheating compressed air to reduce the input fuel and improve the thermal efficiency of the cycle. It has been adopted.
JP-A-11-205814

  In recent years, high performance of energy equipment such as gas turbines has been demanded from the viewpoint of energy saving. However, even if a gas turbine uses a regenerative gas turbine, the thermal efficiency is as low as about 30% at the maximum. Further, unlike a large-scale combined cycle power plant for business use, a gas turbine does not have enough heat to recover heat using an exhaust heat recovery boiler and turn the turbine. Therefore, effective utilization of exhaust heat is an effective means for improving the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine.

  For this reason, gas turbine cogeneration systems used not only for outputting electric power using a gas turbine but also for producing steam and hot water using an exhaust heat or for an air conditioning system have been spreading.

  Effective use of turbine exhaust heat in a gas turbine cogeneration system includes, for example, the use of producing steam by circulating turbine exhaust to a boiler and using this boiler steam as driving steam for an absorption refrigerator. There is a way.

  However, the temperature of the boiler exhaust is limited to about 120 ° C. to 150 ° C. for the purpose of preventing corrosion of boiler components and producing steam, and does not recover exhaust heat with high energy efficiency. Therefore, there is still room for improvement with respect to a sufficiently effective utilization method of the turbine exhaust heat in the conventional gas turbine cogeneration system.

  On the other hand, various devices have been studied for improving the energy efficiency of the air conditioning system incorporated in the gas turbine cogeneration system.

  In general, as an improvement for energy saving in an air conditioning system, there is an improvement of a desiccant drying / regeneration process used for the purpose of dehumidification. As an air conditioning system improved in the desiccant drying and regeneration process, for example, there is one described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-205814 (referred to as Patent Document 1), which uses a high-temperature heat source of a heat pump. Thus, an air conditioning system for drying and regenerating a desiccant is disclosed.

  However, a technology for improving the energy efficiency of a gas turbine cogeneration system incorporating an air conditioning system, using exhaust heat without waste, and improving the thermal efficiency has not yet been provided.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine cogeneration system in which exhaust heat from a gas turbine is effectively used to improve thermal efficiency and a method of using the same. To do.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a gas turbine including a regenerator that raises the temperature of compressed air, and a boiler that generates steam by circulating the turbine exhaust of the gas turbine. An absorption refrigerator that produces cold water using this steam as power, a desiccant air conditioner that produces dry air by circulating air while being dried and regenerated by boiler exhaust discharged from the boiler, and the dry air The sensible heat cooler that produces hot water while cooling the air with cooling water and heat exchange the cold dry air with the cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator to produce low temperature dry air for cooling. It is characterized by comprising a dry cold air generator to be manufactured.

  In addition, the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention is characterized in that, in order to solve the above-described problem, a humidity regulator for conditioning the dry air or the cooled dry air is installed upstream or downstream of the sensible heat cooler. It is what.

  Furthermore, the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention includes an intake air cooler that circulates the cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator and cools the turbine intake air in order to solve the above-described problems. It is.

  Moreover, the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention distribute | circulates the condensed water discharged | emitted from the said absorption refrigerator, and heats the warm water manufactured with the said sensible heat cooler in order to solve the subject mentioned above. A hot water heater is provided.

  Furthermore, in order to solve the above-described problems, the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention is characterized in that a pipe for circulating fuel is provided in the sensible heat cooler to form a fuel heater.

  In addition, a gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a blower that collects a part of high-humidity gas used for drying regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner and joins it to a turbine intake pipe in order to solve the above-described problem. And an intake air cooler that is connected to the turbine intake pipe and cools the turbine intake air with cooling water.

  Moreover, the usage method of the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention distribute | circulates the turbine exhaust of the gas turbine provided with the regenerator which heats up compressed air to a boiler in order to solve the subject mentioned above, and generates a vapor | steam. A step of manufacturing cold water by operating an absorption refrigerator using this steam as power, a step of drying and regenerating a desiccant air conditioner with boiler exhaust discharged from the boiler, and a desiccant air conditioner regenerated and regenerated A process for producing dry air by circulating air; a process for producing warm water while producing cooled dry air by cooling the dry air with cooling water using a sensible heat cooler; and And a step of producing low-temperature dry air for cooling by exchanging heat with cold water produced by a machine.

  Furthermore, the method of using the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a humidity adjuster installed upstream or downstream of the sensible heat cooler in order to solve the above-described problems, and adjusts the humidity of the dry air or the cooled dry air. It is the usage method characterized by doing.

  In addition, a method of using the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention uses a part of cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator for cooling turbine intake air in order to solve the above-described problem. It is.

  On the other hand, the method of using the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention uses hot water produced by the sensible heat cooler using condensed water discharged from the absorption refrigerator in order to solve the above-described problems. It is the usage method characterized by heating.

  In addition, the method of using the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention reduces the amount of fuel used by heating the fuel supplied to the combustor with the sensible heat cooler in order to solve the above-described problem. It is the usage method characterized by.

  Furthermore, in order to solve the above-described problems, a method for using the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention recovers a part of the high-humidity gas used for drying regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner with a blower and supplies it to the turbine intake air. The turbine intake air is combined, and the turbine intake air is cooled with cooling water to produce a turbine intake air that is close to saturation, thereby increasing the electrical output of the turbine.

  According to the gas turbine cogeneration system and the method of using the gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention, the heat quantity of the gas turbine exhaust heat can be effectively used without waste. Can be provided.

  An embodiment of a gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a gas turbine cogeneration system according to the present invention.

  The gas turbine cogeneration system 10 includes a gas turbine plant unit 15 and an exhaust heat utilization plant unit 16.

  The gas turbine plant unit 15 includes a compressor 1 that compresses intake air, a combustor 2 that burns fuel to produce high-temperature and high-pressure gas, a gas turbine 3 that rotates and uses high-temperature and high-pressure gas as a working fluid, and turbine exhaust The regenerator 4 preheats intake air using exhaust heat, and a generator G that outputs electric power by driving the gas turbine 3.

  The exhaust heat utilization plant unit 16 includes a boiler 5 that generates steam using turbine exhaust as a heat source, a desiccant air conditioner 6 that dries outside air to produce dry air, and a sensible heat cooler that produces hot water using dry air as a heat source. 7, an absorption refrigerator 8 for producing cold water using steam generated in the boiler 5, and a dry cold air generator 9 for producing cold low-temperature dry air for cooling by cooling the cooled dry air by heat exchange with the cold water, Consists of

  The gas turbine cogeneration system 10 first compresses the outside air (turbine intake air TA) taken in by the compressor 1 to produce compressed air PA, and burns the fuel FF in the combustor 2 to take out a high-temperature high-pressure gas HG of about 900 ° C. The gas turbine 3 is driven using this as a working fluid to drive the generator G to rotate and output electricity. Since the exhaust TG from the gas turbine 3 is hot, the turbine exhaust TG is circulated to the regenerator 4, exchanges heat with the compressed air PA from the compressor 1 in the regenerator 4, and is sent to the combustor 2. The compressed air PA for combustion is preheated to increase the thermal efficiency.

  The turbine exhaust TG that has been heat-exchanged and cooled by the regenerator 4 has a temperature of about 300 ° C. The turbine exhaust TG is guided to the boiler 5, and steam BS is generated in the boiler 5 by the turbine exhaust TG.

  The boiler exhaust BG that has been heat-exchanged by the boiler 5 is cooled by heat exchange and becomes a gas of about 150 ° C. The boiler exhaust BG is distributed to the desiccant air conditioner 6 to dry and regenerate the desiccant agent in the desiccant air conditioner 6. As the desiccant used in the desiccant air conditioner 6, a moisture absorbing medium such as silica gel or zeolite is preferably used.

  The boiler exhaust BG used for drying and regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner 6 is exhausted as a high-humidity gas EG of about 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. and 80% RH.

  The air OA for cooling is circulated through the desiccant air conditioner 6 that has been dried and regenerated to obtain dry air DA. Since the drying air DA becomes high temperature in this drying process, the drying air DA is guided to the sensible heat water heater 7 to produce cooled drying air CA cooled to about room temperature. Here, warm water HW is produced by heat exchange with the dry air DA in the sensible water heater 7.

  On the other hand, the steam BS generated in the boiler 5 is used as a driving means for the absorption refrigerator 8, and cold water CW is produced by the absorption refrigerator 8.

  The cooled dry air CA produced by the sensible heat cooler 7 flows into the dry cold air generator 9. On the other hand, the cold water CW produced by the absorption refrigerator 8 flows into the dry cold air generator 9 by the action of the cold water pump 11. The cooling dry air CA is cooled by heat exchange with the cold water CW, and the low-temperature drying air SA for cooling is manufactured.

  In the gas turbine cogeneration system 10, it is possible to appropriately recover and effectively use the turbine exhaust heat.

  First, heat recovery of the turbine exhaust TG is performed by the boiler 5 to generate steam BS, and the absorption refrigerator 8 is operated using the generated steam BS to produce cold water CW. Since the cold water CW is heat-exchanged with the low-humidity cooling dry air CA that is difficult to condense with low specific heat, the cooling load for the unit supply air amount of the cold water CW is lower than when the cold water CW is directly supplied to the demand destination. It is reduced.

  Moreover, since the exhaust heat of the boiler 5 is used for drying regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner 6, it is possible to provide an air conditioning system with high thermal efficiency and energy saving.

  Furthermore, when the cooling air OA is guided to the desiccant air conditioner 6 and dried by the amount of heat stored in the desiccant agent by drying regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner 6, the temperature of the cooling air OA is increased. Since the sensible heat cooler 7 is used to produce the hot water HW and the cooled dry air CA, the turbine exhaust heat can be used effectively without waste, and the cooling capacity is increased.

  That is, according to the gas turbine cogeneration system 10, it is possible to effectively use the exhaust heat of the gas turbine, and to provide a gas turbine cogeneration system with higher thermal efficiency than the conventional gas turbine cogeneration system. Is possible.

[Second Embodiment]
A second embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  This gas turbine cogeneration system 20 is a humidity regulator between the sensible heat cooler 7 and the dry cool air generator 9 of the exhaust heat utilization plant unit 16A in the small gas turbine cogeneration system 10 shown in the first embodiment. 21 is installed. Alternatively, the humidity controller 21 may be installed before the sensible heat cooler 7. As the humidity adjuster 21, for example, a water spray device or the like is used. Since other configurations are not substantially different from the gas turbine cogeneration system 10 shown in the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  In the gas turbine cogeneration system 20, it is possible to adjust the humidity of the cooled dry air CA by the humidity adjuster 21 and to adjust the humidity to such an extent that the dry cool air generator 9 does not condense.

[Third Embodiment]
A third embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  This gas turbine cogeneration system 30 feeds a part of the cold water CW produced by the absorption refrigerator 8 of the exhaust heat utilization plant unit 16B to the intake air cooler 32 through the branch pipe 31, and cools the turbine intake air TA. It is a configuration. Since other configurations are not substantially different from the gas turbine cogeneration system 10 shown in the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  The reason for providing the intake air cooler 32 to cool the turbine intake air TA is to increase the density of the turbine intake air TA by cooling and increase the turbine intake air flow rate, thereby improving the output of the gas turbine 3. It is.

  Since this gas turbine cogeneration system 30 uses the cold water CW produced using the turbine exhaust heat more efficiently, it is possible to improve the performance of the gas turbine 3 and improve the thermal efficiency.

[Fourth Embodiment]
A fourth embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  This gas turbine cogeneration system 40 uses boiler exhaust heat more effectively. The steam BS produced by heat exchange in the boiler 5 is used to drive the absorption refrigerator 8 and then becomes condensed water RW having a temperature of about 80 ° C. Therefore, this condensed water RW flows into the hot water heater 42 through the pipe 41 and is used for manufacturing the hot water HW.

  That is, the hot water HW produced by the sensible heat cooler 7 by heat exchange with the dry air DA dried by the desiccant air conditioner 6 of the exhaust heat utilization plant unit 16C is sent to the hot water heater 42, and this hot water heater The warm water HW is further heated by flowing the condensed water RW into 42 and exchanging heat. Since the overall configuration is the same except for the gas turbine cogeneration system 10 and the hot water heater 42 shown in the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  In the gas turbine cogeneration system 40, the amount of heat of the steam BS used to drive the absorption refrigerator 8 is used more effectively, so that the turbine exhaust heat can be used effectively and the thermal efficiency is further improved.

[Fifth Embodiment]
A fifth embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  This gas turbine cogeneration system 50 is configured to use the sensible heat cooler 7 of the exhaust heat utilization plant unit 16D as a fuel heater or a fuel vaporizer and to supply the preheated fuel FF to the combustor 2 through a pipe 51. It is. Since other configurations are not substantially different from the gas turbine cogeneration system 10 shown in the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  For example, in a facility where the amount of hot water supplied may be small, turbine exhaust heat can be effectively used by adopting such a configuration.

  According to the gas turbine cogeneration system 50, the fuel supply amount can be reduced. Therefore, the performance of the gas turbine 3 can be improved and the thermal efficiency can be improved.

[Sixth Embodiment]
A sixth embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  This gas turbine cogeneration system 60 collects a part of the high humidity gas EG, which is high humidity exhaust gas used for drying and regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner 6 of the exhaust heat utilization plant unit 16E, with the blower 61, and this high humidity gas. The EG is joined to the gas turbine intake system, and further cooled with cooling water, and then supplied to the gas turbine 3. Since other configurations are not substantially different from the gas turbine cogeneration system 10 shown in the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

  In the gas turbine cogeneration system 60, the turbine intake air TA becomes intake air whose water content is close to saturation, and the electrical output of the gas turbine 3 can be increased. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine cogeneration system can be further improved.

Explanatory drawing which shows the process flow of 1st Embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the process flow of 2nd Embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the process flow of 3rd Embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the process flow of 4th Embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the process flow of 5th Embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the process flow of 6th Embodiment of the gas turbine cogeneration system which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 2 Combustor 3 Gas turbine 4 Regenerator 5 Boiler 6 Desiccant air conditioner 7 Sensible heat cooler 8 Absorption refrigerator 9 Dry cold wind generator 10 Gas turbine cogeneration system 11 Cold water pump 15 Gas turbine plant part 16, 16A-16E Waste heat utilization plant part 20 Gas turbine cogeneration system 21 Humidity regulator 30 Gas turbine cogeneration system 31 Branch pipe 32 Intake cooler 40 Gas turbine cogeneration system 41 Pipe 42 Hot water warmer 50 Gas turbine cogeneration system 51 Pipe 60 Gas turbine cogeneration system 61 Blower BG Boiler exhaust BS Boiler steam CA Cooling dry air CW Cold water DA Dry air EG High humidity gas FF Fuel HG High temperature high pressure gas HW Hot water PA Compressed air SA Low Dry air RW condensed water TA turbine intake TG turbine exhaust

Claims (12)

A gas turbine provided with a regenerator for raising the temperature of the compressed air, a boiler for generating steam by circulating the turbine exhaust of the gas turbine, an absorption refrigerator for producing cold water using the generated steam as power, and the above The desiccant air conditioner that circulates air to produce dry air while being dried and regenerated with boiler exhaust discharged from the boiler, and produces hot water while producing the cooled dry air by cooling the dry air with cooling water A gas turbine core comprising: a sensible heat cooler; and a dry cold air generator for producing low-temperature dry air for cooling by exchanging heat between the cooled dry air and the cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator. Generation system. The gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein a humidity controller for conditioning the dry air or the cooled dry air is installed upstream or downstream of the sensible heat cooler. The gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 1, further comprising an intake air cooler that circulates cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator and cools turbine intake air. The gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 1, further comprising a hot water heater that circulates the condensed water discharged from the absorption refrigerator and heats the hot water produced by the sensible heat cooler. . The gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein a pipe for circulating fuel is provided in the sensible heat cooler to form a fuel heater. A blower that collects part of the high-humidity gas used for drying regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner and joins it to the turbine intake pipe, and an intake air cooler that is connected to the turbine intake pipe and cools the turbine intake air with cooling water The gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 1. A step of generating steam by circulating the turbine exhaust of a gas turbine equipped with a regenerator for raising the temperature of compressed air to a boiler, and a step of manufacturing cold water by operating an absorption refrigerator using the generated steam as power; and A step of drying and regenerating the desiccant air conditioner with boiler exhaust discharged from the boiler, a step of producing dry air by circulating air through the desiccant air conditioner that has been regenerated and drying, and cooling the dry air with a sensible heat cooler A step of producing warm water while producing cooled dry air by cooling with water, and a step of producing low-temperature dry air for cooling by exchanging heat between the cooled dry air and the cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator. A method of using a gas turbine cogeneration system, comprising: 8. The method of using a gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 7, wherein a humidity controller is installed upstream or downstream of the sensible heat cooler to adjust the humidity of the dry air or the cooled dry air. The method of using a gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 7, wherein a part of the cold water produced by the absorption refrigerator is used for cooling the turbine intake air. The method of using a gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 7, wherein the condensed water discharged from the absorption refrigerator is used to warm the hot water produced by the sensible heat cooler. 8. The method of using a gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 7, wherein the amount of fuel used is reduced by heating the fuel supplied to the combustor with the sensible heat cooler. A part of the high-humidity gas used for drying regeneration of the desiccant air conditioner is recovered by a blower and merged with the turbine intake air, and the turbine intake air is cooled with cooling water to produce a turbine intake air that is close to saturation, 8. The method of using a gas turbine cogeneration system according to claim 7, wherein the electrical output of the turbine is increased.

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