JP2007272115A - Skeleton model - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid skeleton model which is used mainly as medical teaching materials and with which, for example, what kind of fracture of a bone is caused can visually be understood from how force is applied to bones. <P>SOLUTION: With the skeleton model K, a Monteggia fracture in which fracture of the ulna and dislocation of the radial head (expansion type fracture, bending type fracture) are combined can be explained. An ulna member 14 has a fracture part 140 at a position of nearly 1/3 from a head side (upper side). The luna member 14 is disconnected from the fracture part 140; and the upper part from the fracture part 140 is an upper luna member 141 and the lower part is a lower luna member 142. The upper luna member 141 and lower luna member 142 are tied by making ends 143 and 144 of the luna part 140 abut so that they can be move by a connector 25 and a core member 26. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a skeletal model. More specifically, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional skeletal model that is mainly used as a medical teaching material and can visually understand what kind of fracture occurs depending on how the force is applied to the bone. Further, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional skeleton model that can visually understand in which direction the fractured bone or the bone in the vicinity thereof is displaced.

  In a class that teaches the relationship and movement of muscles and skeletons in a human body at a medical educational institution, not only textual information from literature, but also figures and pictures, and three-dimensional skeletal and muscular models formed in combination with them. Medical teaching materials such as are sometimes used. Such muscle and skeletal knowledge is required not only for doctors, but also for medical personnel such as physiotherapists and judo reducers, as well as those engaged in related fields. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a skeletal model used as a medical teaching material.

JP 63-34578 A

However, the medical teaching materials described above have the following problems.
First of all, the teaching materials for diagrams and pictures are of course flat and cannot be moved. Therefore, the amount of information in these teaching materials is limited, and it is difficult to explain them sufficiently.

  Some skeletal models are three-dimensionally formed and can be moved. However, what kind of fracture occurs depending on how the force is applied to the bone, and in which direction the fractured bone or the nearby bone is displaced. There was nothing that made it possible to understand visually what to do. In other words, conventional medical teaching materials did not deepen the understanding of fractures.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional skeletal model in which, for example, what kind of fracture occurs depending on how a force is applied to the bone can be visually understood. Another object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional skeleton model that can visually understand in which direction the fractured bone or the bone in the vicinity thereof is displaced.

Means taken by the present invention to achieve the above object are as follows.
The present invention is a skeletal model in which a portion corresponding to a joint moves, and the skeletal member constituting the skeletal model is provided with a fracture portion so that the fracture state can be reproduced three-dimensionally.

  The fractured part is formed by cutting or separating the skeletal member, and the skeletal member is formed by connecting the cut or separated part with a connecting means having elasticity and flexibility so that the fractured state and the fractured state can be reproduced. Preferably it is.

  It is preferable that a displacement preventing means is provided on the butted surface of the cut or separated portion or on the peripheral surface in the vicinity of the butted surface so as not to deviate from the state where the cut or separated portion of the skeleton member is butted.

  The skeletal member is preferably configured such that the part corresponding to the joint is removed from the normal position and the dislocation state can be reproduced three-dimensionally.

  It is preferable that guide means capable of guiding the dislocation direction of the skeleton member moved from the fracture portion is provided at or near the fracture portion of the skeleton member.

(Work)
In the present invention, the fracture state can be three-dimensionally reproduced by moving the skeleton member from the fracture part.

  When the skeletal member is connected by the connecting means, the state where the bone is not fractured and the state of the fracture can be reproduced without being separated from the fractured part.

  The thing provided with the slip prevention means can be prevented from slipping from the state in which the cut or separated portion of the skeleton member is abutted.

  The present invention can reproduce the dislocation state three-dimensionally because the part corresponding to the joint is out of the normal position.

  In the present invention, the dislocation direction of the skeleton member moved from the fracture can be guided by the guiding means.

The present invention has the above-described configuration and has the following effects.
(A) Since the present invention includes a fracture part in which a part other than the part corresponding to the joint moves, by moving the skeleton member from the fracture part, for example, what kind of fracture occurs depending on how the force is applied to the bone It can be reproduced in three dimensions what happens. Therefore, it can be expected that the degree of understanding about the fracture will be deeper than that of the conventional model.

(B) In the case where the skeleton members are connected by the connecting means, the state where the bone is not broken and the state where the bone is broken can be reproduced without being separated from the fractured portion.

(C) The thing provided with the slip prevention means can prevent it from shifting from the state in which the cut or separated portion of the skeleton member is abutted.

(D) In the present invention, the portion corresponding to the joint deviates from the normal position, so that when the dislocation occurs along with the fracture, the dislocation state can be reproduced three-dimensionally. Therefore, in this case, it can be expected that the understanding level is deeper than that of the conventional model.

(E) In the present invention, since the dislocation direction of the skeletal member moved from the fracture portion can be guided by the guide means, the dislocation direction of the bone at the time of the fracture can also be explained.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a skeletal model according to the present invention, and is an explanatory view showing a normal state of a skeletal model simulating a right arm.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the fracture of the ulna member and the dislocation state of the radial head of the rib member when the skeleton model shown in FIG. ),
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the fracture of the ulna member and the dislocation of the radius head of the rib member when the skeleton model shown in FIG. ),
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing a fracture portion of the ulna member,
FIG. 5 is an enlarged explanatory view showing a fracture state in which the wrist side of the rib member is displaced to the heel side / palm side,
FIG. 6 is an enlarged explanatory view showing a fracture state in which the wrist side of the rib member is displaced to the heel side / back side,
FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the main part showing the vicinity of the wrist in the state shown in FIG.

  A symbol K represents a skeleton model imitating the right arm of a human body. The skeletal model K is formed by combining various skeletal members corresponding to the bones constituting the right arm and various connecting tools. The skeletal model K shown in the present embodiment includes a Montegear fracture (extension fracture, flexion fracture) that is a combination of a fracture of the ulna and a dislocation of the radial head, and when it falls over and hits the back of the hand or the palm of the hand This is a description of a distal radius fracture (extension fracture, flexion fracture) indicating a wrist fracture that occurs.

  The skeletal members include a scapula member 10 corresponding to the scapula, a clavicle member 11 corresponding to the clavicle, a humerus member 12 corresponding to the humerus, a radius member 13 corresponding to the radius, an ulna member 14 corresponding to the ulna, a hand There is a hand bone member 15 corresponding to the bone. Of these, the scapula member 10 and the clavicle member 11 are integrated in a fixed state.

  The scapula member 10 is connected so as to be movable with the upper side of the humerus member 12 via the connector 20. The connector 20 includes a fixture 200 having a shape obtained by bending a plate-like body having a required length in a semicircular arc shape into a substantially U shape, and a connection pin 201 provided between both ends of the fixture 200. Yes. The fixing device 200 is attached with both ends facing outward and the arc-shaped intermediate portion fixed to a required position of the scapula member 10. A through hole (not visible in the figure) is formed on the upper side of the humerus member 12. The humerus member 12 is connected to the scapula member 10 through the connection pin 201 in this through hole.

  The lower side of the humerus member 12 is connected to be movable with the upper side of the ulna member 14 via the connector 21. The connector 21 is formed by forming a thin wire into an annular shape. The connector 21 is attached through a through hole 120 provided on the lower side of the humerus member 12 and a through hole provided in the ulna member 14 (not visible in the figure).

  The upper side of the rib member 13 is connected to be movable with the upper side of the ulna member 14 via the connector 22. The connector 22 is formed so that a thin wire rod is formed into an annular shape and has a ring portion. The rib member 13 is attached so that the rib head 130 corresponding to the rib head is caught and pulled out through the ring portion of the connector 22.

  The rib member 13 has a fracture portion 131 on the lower side (the bone member 15 side of the hand). The rib member 13 is cut from the fracture portion 131, the upper portion from the fracture portion 131 is the rib member main body 132, and the lower portion is the distal end member 133. The rib member main body 132 and the distal end member 133 are connected so that the end surfaces 134 and 135 which are the abutting surfaces of the fracture part 131 are abutted and can be moved by the connector 138 (see FIG. 7).

  On the lower side of the rib member main body 132, a guide groove 136 as a guide means is formed so as to be cut from the end face 134. Further, a guide groove 137 serving as a guide means is formed on the lower side of the distal end member 133 so as to be cut from the end face 135. The guide groove 136 and the guide groove 137 are formed in the direction from the distal end to the proximal end of the rib member 13 which is the dislocation direction of the distal end member 133. The guide groove 136 and the guide groove 137 are formed at two locations with a required interval.

  On the back side of the guide groove 136 of the rib member main body 132, a shaft pin 139 is built through the both guide grooves 136. In addition, a shaft pin 139 is built in through the both guide grooves 137 on the back side of the guide groove 137 of the distal end member 133. The shaft pin 139 has a rod shape having a required length.

  The connecting tool 138 includes two thin wires. Each connector 138 is formed in a substantially ring shape. The connector 138 preferably has shape retention.

  The rib member main body 132 and the distal end member 133 are inserted into the guide groove 136 and the guide groove 137, respectively, with the end face 134 and the end face 135 aligned, and two shaft pins are inserted into the connection tool 138. 139 is connected through. The rib member main body 132 and the distal end member 133 connected in this manner are displaced from the distal end member 133 to the palm side of the rib member main body 132 (see FIG. 5) or to the dorsal side of the rib member main body 132. It can move so that it may be in a state (refer FIG. 6).

  The bone member 15 of the hand is connected to the lower side of the distal end member 133 through the connector 23 so as to be movable. The bone component 15 of the hand is in a state where spacers (not shown) are provided between the portions constituting the bones of each finger so as to be spaced apart (so-called finger spread state). The connector 23 includes a fixture 230, a fixture 231, and a tube body 232 that connects the fixture 230 and the fixture 231. The fixing device 230 is attached by forming both ends of a thin wire rod in the distal end member 133 to form a ring portion. The fixing tool 231 is attached by embedding both ends of a thin wire rod in the bone member 15 of the hand to form a ring portion. The connecting tool 23 is connected by passing the fixing tool 230 and the fixing tool 231 through the inside of the tube body 232 (see FIG. 7).

  The lower side of the ulna member 14 is connected to the side of the distal end member 133 via a connector 24 so as to be movable. The connection tool 24 includes a fixing tool 240 and a slide pin 242. One end of the fixture 240 is buried in the side portion of the distal end member 133, and a guide hole 241 is formed at the other end. One end of the slide pin 242 is buried on the lower side of the ulna member 14, and a stopper portion 243 is formed on the other end. The slide pin 242 has an axial direction substantially parallel to the rib member 13. The ulna member 14 is connected to the radius member 13 through the slide pin 242 in the guide hole 241. The ulna member 14 is movable within a range in which the stopper portion 243 of the slide pin 242 comes into contact with the guide hole 241 and stops.

  The ulna member 14 has a fractured portion 140 at a position approximately 1/3 from the head side (upper side). The ulna member 14 is cut from the fracture 140, the upper part from the fracture 140 is the upper ulna member 141, and the lower part is the lower ulna member 142. The upper ulna member 141 and the lower ulna member 142 are connected so that the end surfaces 143 and 144 that are the butting surfaces of the fractured part 140 are butted together and can be moved by the connecting member 25 that is the connecting means and the core member 26 that is the displacement preventing means (see FIG. 4).

  On the lower side of the upper ulna member 141, through-holes 145 are formed side by side in two locations. In addition, through holes 146 are also formed at two locations in the lateral direction on the upper side of the lower ulna member 142. The connector 25 is composed of two thin wires (or strings) having stretchability and flexibility. The upper ulna member 141 and the lower ulna member 142 are connected so as not to be separated by passing each of the couplers 25 through the through hole 145 and the through hole 146 into a ring shape. By using the connector 25 having elasticity and flexibility, the ulna member 14 can be bent from the fracture portion 140. The connector 25 is made of a material having elasticity and flexibility, and preferably an elastic body such as an elastic spring, rubber, or synthetic resin.

  An insertion hole 147 is formed at the center of the end surface 143 of the upper ulna member 141. An insertion hole 148 is also formed in the central portion of the end surface 144 of the lower ulna member 142. In the insertion hole 147 and the insertion hole 148, the core member 26 that prevents the center position of the fractured portion 140 from shifting is incorporated. The core member 26 has a rod shape having a required length. The core member 26 is formed of a material that can be bent, and preferably a metal (for example, solder), rubber, synthetic resin, or the like that can be bent is used. Further, the slip prevention means includes, for example, a convex portion and a concave portion fitted to the end surface 143 and the end surface 144, or abutting the upper ulna member 141 and the lower ulna member 142 so that the end surface 143 and the end surface 144 are in contact with each other. It is possible to use a guide member or the like provided on the peripheral surface in the vicinity of each end face for guiding the center position.

  In the present embodiment, the members constituting the skeleton member are those made of synthetic resin. However, this is not a limitation. For example, metal, wood, bamboo, ceramics, or a composite thereof (synthetic resin is used). Or the like).

  The connectors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 138 are preferably formed of a material having rigidity or semi-rigidity. For example, a metal or a synthetic resin can be used.

(Work)
With reference to FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 7, the effect | action of the skeletal model K shown in this Embodiment is demonstrated.
First, a mechanism in which a Montegear fracture (extension type, bending type) occurs using the skeletal model K will be described.
Please refer to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a normal state in which the hand bone member 15 is in the dorsiflexion position in the elbow joint extended position (the state in which the bone is not broken).

  Montegear fracture (extension type) falls from the state shown in Fig. 1, and the weight of the upper arm is added to the forearm by turning the palm of the hand in the swivel position and adding weight from the center. This happens when you are forced and over-exposed. In the case of the skeletal model K, the rib member 13 twists around the ulna member 14 to the extrarotational position, and the hand bone member 15 twists excessively to the outer position.

  Specifically, when the bone member 15 of the hand is excessively twisted outwardly, the rib member 13 (backward of the upper / middle approximately 1/3 boundary) becomes the ulna member 14 (backward of the upper / middle approximately 1/3 boundary). As a result, the ulna member 14 fractures forward from the fracture 140, and is pushed out and displaced. Further, the radial member 13 is pushed forward and dislocated from the normal position by the excessive extension of the elbow joint, the force causing the fracture of the ulnar member 14 and the weight from the center, in the radial member 13. .

  Montegear fracture (bending type) falls from the state shown in FIG. 1 and hits the palm of the hand in the pronation position to apply weight from the center, so that the external rotation force of the upper arm brings the forearm to the pronation position. Forced to happen and become overly prone. In the case of the skeletal model K, the rib member 13 twists around the ulna member 14 in the prorotational position, and the hand bone member 15 twists in the excessively inward position.

  Specifically, when the bone member 15 of the hand is twisted excessively inwardly, the rib member 13 (upward / middle approximately 1/3 boundary portion front) is the ulna member 14 (upper / middle approximately 1/3 boundary portion front). As a result, the ulna member 14 fractures backward from the fracture 140 and is pushed out and displaced. In addition, the rib member 13 is pushed backward and dislocated from the normal position by the excessive extension of the elbow joint, the force causing the fracture of the ulna member 14 and the weight from the center, in the rib member 13. .

  In the above description of the Montegear fracture, the case has been shown in which the hand bone member 15 is rotated to the inward or outward position. For example, the hand bone member 15 is fixed and the humerus bone is fixed. The mechanism by which the Montegear fracture occurs in the same manner even when the member 12 or the like is rotated to the pronation position or the rotation position can be explained.

Next, a mechanism for causing a distal radius fracture (extension type, bending type) using the skeletal model K will be described.
A distal radius fracture (bending) occurs by striking the back of the hand with the elbow joint extended. In the case of the skeletal model K, first, the humeral member 12, the rib member 13, and the ulna member 14 are extended, and the hand bone member 15 is set so that the back side of the hand is on the lower side (palar flexion). In this state, the distal radius fracture (bending type) that occurs by striking the back of the hand, as shown in FIG. 5, the radial member 13 is broken from the fracture 131, and the distal end member 133 is the radial side / palm of the radial member main body 132. Displace to the side.

  On the other hand, the distal radius fracture (extension type) occurs by striking the palm of the hand in the elbow joint extension position. In the case of the skeletal model K, the humerus member 12, the rib member 13, and the ulna member 14 are extended, and the bone member 15 of the hand is placed on the palm side of the hand. In this state, the distal radius fracture (extension type) that occurs by striking the palm of the hand, the radial member 13 is broken from the fracture 131 as shown in FIG. 6, and the distal end member 133 is the radial side of the radial member main body 132.・ Shift to the back side and shift.

  The rib member main body 132 and the distal end member 133 are connected by a connector 138, and this connector 138 is provided in the guide groove 136 and the guide groove 137, so that the rib member main body 132 is guided by the connector 138. It shifts in the direction guided by the groove 136 and the guide groove 137. Thus, when the fracture of the distal radius is described using the skeleton model K, the dislocation direction of the radial member main body 132 relative to the distal end member 133 can also be understood.

  According to the skeletal model K, a Montegear fracture occurs when any force is applied, and what kind of distal radius fractures occur depending on how the hand is struck (throwing with the back of the hand or with the palm of the hand). It is possible to explain three-dimensionally the direction in which the fractured bone occurs and the fractured bone is displaced. Therefore, it can be expected that the degree of understanding about the Montegear fracture will be deeper than the conventional model.

  Further, a guide groove 136 and a guide groove 137 for guiding the dislocation direction of the rib member main body 132 are formed in the rib member main body 132 and the distal end member 133 for explaining the distal end fracture of the skeleton model K. Therefore, the rib member main body 132 can be guided in a predetermined displacement direction with respect to the distal end member 133. Thus, in the distal radius fracture by the skeleton model K, the dislocation direction of the rib member main body 132 can also be described.

  In the present embodiment, the skeleton model has been described taking as an example a model of the right arm of a human body, but the skeleton model is not limited to this. The skeletal model can be constituted by one corresponding to the skeleton constituting the human body.

  The terms and expressions used in this specification are merely explanatory and are not limiting at all, and exclude terms and expressions equivalent to the features described in this specification and parts thereof. There is no intention to do. It goes without saying that various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

Explanatory drawing which shows one Embodiment of the skeleton model which concerns on this invention, and shows the normal state of the skeleton model which imitated the right arm. Explanatory drawing which shows the dislocation state of the fracture of the ulna member when the skeleton model shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the dislocation state of the fracture of the ulna member when the skeleton model shown in FIG. The expanded sectional view which shows the fracture part of an ulna member. Expansive explanatory drawing which shows the fracture state which the wrist side of the rib member dislocated to the heel side and the palm side. Explanatory explanatory drawing which shows the fracture state which the wrist side of the rib member dislocated to the heel side and the back side. The principal part perspective explanatory drawing which expands and shows the wrist vicinity of the state shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

K skeletal model 10 scapula member 11 clavicle member 12 humerus member 120 through hole 13 rib member 130 rib head 131 fracture portion 132 rib member main body 133 distal end member 134, 135 end face 136 guide groove 137 guide groove 138 connector 139 Shaft pin 14 Ulna member 140 Fracture part 141 Upper ulna member 142 Lower ulna members 143 and 144 End face 145 Through hole 146 Through hole 147 Insertion hole 148 Insertion hole 15 Bone member 20 Connecting tool 200 Fixing tool 201 Connecting pin 21 Connecting tool 22 Connecting tool 23 Connecting tool 230 Fixing tool 231 Fixing tool 232 Tube 24 Connecting tool 240 Fixing tool 241 Guide hole 242 Slide pin 243 Stopper portion 25 Connecting tool 26 Core member

Claims (5)

A skeletal model in which the part corresponding to the joint moves,
The skeletal member constituting the skeletal model has a fracture portion and is configured so that the fracture state can be reproduced three-dimensionally.
Skeletal model. The fractured part is formed by cutting or separating the skeletal member, and the skeletal member is formed by connecting the cut or separated part with a connecting means having elasticity and flexibility so that the fractured state and the fractured state can be reproduced. There is
The skeletal model according to claim 1. The peripheral surface in the vicinity of the abutting surface or the abutting surface of the cut or separated portion is provided with a slip prevention means for preventing the cut or separated portion of the skeleton member from being displaced from the butted state.
The skeletal model according to claim 2. The skeletal member is configured such that the part corresponding to the joint is removed from the normal position and the dislocation state can be reproduced three-dimensionally,
The skeleton model according to claim 1, 2 or 3. In the fracture part of the skeletal member or in the vicinity thereof, there is provided a guide means capable of guiding the dislocation direction of the skeleton member moved from the fracture part.
The skeletal model according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4.

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