JP2007262865A - Road surface marking device - Google Patents
Road surface marking device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007262865A JP2007262865A JP2006093323A JP2006093323A JP2007262865A JP 2007262865 A JP2007262865 A JP 2007262865A JP 2006093323 A JP2006093323 A JP 2006093323A JP 2006093323 A JP2006093323 A JP 2006093323A JP 2007262865 A JP2007262865 A JP 2007262865A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- road marking
- protective cover
- marking device
- road surface
- surface marking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、道路のセンターラインや車線区分線、追い越し禁止車線等の位置に数多く並設され、交通規制や安全走行に寄与する道路用標示装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a road marking device that is arranged in parallel at a number of positions such as a road center line, lane division line, overtaking prohibited lane, and the like and contributes to traffic regulation and safe driving.
従来、この種の道路用標示装置としては、中空の柱状体からなる標示体の外周に、車両のヘッドライト等の光を受けてその光を反射する反射材が間隔を置いて巻着された道路標示体が、道路のセンターラインや車線誘導標示等の車線分離標識や交通規制用、危険標示用等として路面に設置されている。 Conventionally, as this kind of road marking device, a reflecting material that receives light from a vehicle headlight or the like and reflects the light is wound around the outer periphery of a marking body made of a hollow columnar body at intervals. Road marking bodies are installed on the road surface as lane separation signs such as road center lines and lane guidance signs, traffic regulations, danger signs, and the like.
係る道路用標示体は、路面に設置されて常に走行車両の排気ガスや塵埃等に曝されているために汚れやすく、一旦汚れが付着すると鮮明さが損なわれるとともに標示体の外周に設けられた反射材等による視認効果が低下するために、清掃作業者が定期的に設置場所に出掛けて汚れを拭いて回っていた。しかし、交通量の激しい路上で排気ガス等で汚染された道路標示体を清掃することは非常に危険であり、またこの清掃作業のために長時間に亘って交通規制する必要があった。 Such road marking bodies are installed on the road surface and are always exposed to the exhaust gas and dust of the traveling vehicle, so they are easily soiled. Since the visual recognition effect due to the reflecting material or the like is lowered, the cleaning worker periodically goes to the installation place and wipes the dirt. However, it is very dangerous to clean a road sign polluted with exhaust gas or the like on a road with heavy traffic, and it is necessary to regulate traffic for a long time for this cleaning work.
係る課題を解消するために、例えば特許文献１には、透明な軟質の合成樹脂シートを素材として袋状の長形筒体を形成し、該筒体の上端部は両面反射シート片を挾持して密閉し、標識柱である道路標示体に着脱自在とするため下端部を開口し、反射シート帯を道路標示体の反射箇所と重複しない箇所に巻着し、反射光量の補強をはかる保護シートが開示されており、この保護シートを道路標示体に装着して上記のような課題を解消しようとしている。 In order to solve the problem, for example, Patent Document 1 forms a bag-like long cylindrical body using a transparent soft synthetic resin sheet as a raw material, and the upper end portion of the cylindrical body holds a double-sided reflection sheet piece. Protective sheet that reinforces the amount of reflected light by opening the lower end to make it detachable from the road marking body, which is a sign post, and wrapping the reflective sheet belt around the reflective area of the road marking body Is disclosed, and this protection sheet is attached to a road marking body in order to solve the above-described problems.
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載の保護シートを装着した道路用標識柱において、巻着された反射シート帯では付着した汚れのために光は殆ど反射しないため、標識柱に巻着させた反射シート帯の部分でも光を反射させようとすれば、保護シートを標識柱に装着する前に、標識柱を清掃する作業が必須のものとなり、その清掃作業のための長時間にわたる交通規制は避けられないものであった。 However, in the road sign pillar equipped with the protective sheet described in Patent Document 1, light is hardly reflected due to the attached dirt on the wound reflective sheet belt, so the reflective sheet belt wound around the sign pillar. If you try to reflect the light even in the part of the part, it is essential to clean the sign post before attaching the protective sheet to the sign post, and traffic regulation for a long time for the cleaning work is inevitable It was a thing.
そこで本発明は上記の課題を解決するためになされたものであり、反射性を復帰させるための清掃にかかる長時間の交通規制を必要とせず、長期設置に耐えうる保護カバーを被せられてなる道路用標示装置を提供せんとするものである。 Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and does not require long-term traffic regulation for cleaning to restore reflectivity, and is covered with a protective cover that can withstand long-term installation. We intend to provide a road marking device.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は次のような構成としている。すなわち、本発明に係る道路用標示装置は、可撓性を有する熱可塑性合成樹脂を用いて形成された中空柱状体の道路標示体と、該道路標示体の外周を覆って被着される保護カバーとが具備された道路用標示装置において、前記保護カバーの外面に全体にわたりガラスビーズを含有した再帰性反射層が形成されたことを特徴とするものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows. That is, the road marking device according to the present invention includes a hollow columnar road marking body formed using a flexible thermoplastic synthetic resin, and a protection that covers the outer periphery of the road marking body. In the road marking device provided with a cover, a retroreflective layer containing glass beads is formed on the entire outer surface of the protective cover.
本発明によれば、保護カバーの外面に全体にわたりガラスビーズを含有した再帰性反射層が形成されているため、既設の道路標示体に被着させるだけで、道路標示体の外面全体に再帰反射性を付与することができ、道路用標示装置の視認性を向上させることができる。 According to the present invention, since the retroreflective layer containing glass beads is formed on the entire outer surface of the protective cover, it is retroreflected on the entire outer surface of the road marking body simply by being attached to the existing road marking body. The visibility of the road marking device can be improved.
本発明に係る実施の形態について、図面に基づき以下に具体的に説明する。
図１は本発明に係る道路用標示装置の実施の一形態を示す説明図、図２（イ）は図１に示した道路用標示装置の横断面図、（ロ）は（イ）の部分拡大図である。
Embodiments according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a road marking device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the road marking device shown in FIG. 1, and (b) is a portion (b). It is an enlarged view.
１はその下部に路面に設置するための台座部１１を備えた円筒状の中空体である道路標示体であり、道路標示体１の上方には、間隔をあけて３箇所に道路標示体１の全周に亘って反射体Ｒ１が貼着されて、夜間における視認性を向上させている。また道路標示体１の台座部１１にはガラスビーズを埋設した反射体Ｒ２が巻着されて更に夜間における視認性を高めるようになされている。 Reference numeral 1 denotes a road marking body which is a cylindrical hollow body provided with a pedestal portion 11 for installation on the road surface below. A road marking body 1 is provided at three positions above the road marking body 1 at intervals. The reflector R1 is attached over the entire circumference of the rim to improve visibility at night. Further, a reflector R2 in which glass beads are embedded is wound around the pedestal portion 11 of the road marking body 1 so as to further improve visibility at night.
２は両端が開口された円筒状の保護カバーであり、その外面には全体にわたり再帰性反射層２１が設けられている。そして、道路標示体１の外周に保護カバー２を覆い被せることにより、道路用標示装置が形成される。 Reference numeral 2 denotes a cylindrical protective cover having both ends opened, and a retroreflective layer 21 is provided on the entire outer surface thereof. And the road marking device is formed by covering the outer periphery of the road marking body 1 with the protective cover 2.
道路標示体１の材質は、成形が比較的容易で車両の衝突や踏み付けに対する復元性、耐久性等の高いポリウレタン樹脂が好適に用いられるが、特に限定されるものではなく、車両の衝突等によって曲がり且つ復元するポールが形成できるものであればよく、成形の容易さ及び復元性、耐久性等の高い熱可塑性合成樹脂である熱可塑性の軟質ポリオレフィン、ポリオレフィン系やスチレン系等各種エラストマー等を用いることができ、万一車両が道路標示体１の上を踏み付けて通過しても、柔軟に折れ曲がって衝撃力を吸収し、また速やかに元の形に復元するようになされている。 The material of the road marking body 1 is preferably a polyurethane resin that is relatively easy to mold and has high resilience and durability against vehicle collision and stepping, but is not particularly limited. Any material that can form a bent and reconstructed pole may be used, and a thermoplastic soft polyolefin that is a thermoplastic synthetic resin having high ease of molding, resilience, and durability, and various elastomers such as polyolefin and styrene are used. Even if a vehicle steps on the road marking body 1 and passes through, it bends flexibly to absorb the impact force and quickly restores to its original shape.
反射体Ｒ１は、車両等で踏まれることを考慮すれば高輝度反射シートが好適に用いられる。かかる反射シートは基材がフレキシブルで、ある程度の伸縮性に富んでいるタイプが選定されれば、道路標示体１の屈曲に対しても剥がれや破れが生じることがない。もっとも、道路標示体１の表面に直接微細な高輝度反射ビーズを処理する方法がなされても構わない。 As the reflector R1, a high-intensity reflective sheet is preferably used in consideration of being stepped on by a vehicle or the like. If such a reflective sheet is selected so that the base material is flexible and has a certain degree of stretchability, peeling or tearing will not occur even when the road marking body 1 is bent. But the method of processing a fine high-intensity reflective bead directly on the surface of the road marking body 1 may be made.
保護カバー２は、塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル系エラストマー等の軟質熱可塑性合成樹脂を用いて真空成形、ブロー成形、射出成形等の成型方法によって保護カバー本体２２を形成し、その表面にガラスビーズを含有した再帰性反射層２１を設けたものとしている。保護カバー本体２２を塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル系エラストマー等の軟質熱可塑性合成樹脂を用いて形成することにより、保護カバー２の機械的強度を向上させることができ、好ましい。 The protective cover 2 is formed by forming a protective cover body 22 by a molding method such as vacuum molding, blow molding or injection molding using a soft thermoplastic synthetic resin such as a vinyl chloride resin, a polyester resin, or an acrylic elastomer. The retroreflective layer 21 containing beads is provided. Forming the protective cover main body 22 using a soft thermoplastic synthetic resin such as a vinyl chloride resin, a polyester resin, or an acrylic elastomer is preferable because the mechanical strength of the protective cover 2 can be improved.
再帰性反射層２１は、軟質熱可塑性合成樹脂で形成した保護カバー本体２２に接着可能なインキを用いて形成するのがよい。かようになすことで、インキの接着性により保護カバー本体２２と再帰性反射層２１とが強固に接着され、再帰性反射層２１にガラスビーズが強固に固着されてガラスビーズの脱離が起こりにくくなると共に、再帰性反射層２１の柔軟性が更に向上し、車両の踏み付け等による道路用標示装置の変形に追従し、再帰性反射層２１の剥離及びガラスビーズの脱離が起こりにくく、長期に亘って再帰性反射層２１の保持及び高い視認性を維持できるものとなり得る。 The retroreflective layer 21 is preferably formed using an ink that can be adhered to the protective cover body 22 formed of a soft thermoplastic synthetic resin. By doing so, the protective cover body 22 and the retroreflective layer 21 are firmly bonded to each other due to the adhesiveness of the ink, and the glass beads are firmly fixed to the retroreflective layer 21 and the glass beads are detached. In addition, the flexibility of the retroreflective layer 21 is further improved, following the deformation of the road marking device caused by stepping on the vehicle, etc., and the retroreflective layer 21 is not easily detached and the glass beads are not detached. Thus, the retention of the retroreflective layer 21 and the high visibility can be maintained.
再帰性反射層２１の形成に用いるインキの種類は、スクリーンインキ、油性凸版インキ、フレキソインキ、ドライオフセットインキ、グラビアインキ、グラビアオフセットインキ、パッドインキ、オフセットインキ等の中から適宜用いてよい。インキはベース樹脂にビヒクル、種々の補助剤を加えた透明の、いわゆるメジウムを好適に用いることができ、熱硬化型、紫外線、赤外線等の光硬化型、電子線硬化型等のものを用いてもよいが、溶剤を用いた蒸発乾燥型のものを用いれば、保護カバー本体２２の形成に用いられる軟質熱可塑性合成樹脂を変形させることなく再帰性反射層２１を形成することができ好ましい。 The type of ink used for forming the retroreflective layer 21 may be appropriately selected from screen ink, oil-based relief printing ink, flexographic ink, dry offset ink, gravure ink, gravure offset ink, pad ink, offset ink, and the like. As the ink, a transparent so-called medium in which a vehicle and various auxiliary agents are added to the base resin can be suitably used, and a thermosetting type, a photocuring type such as ultraviolet ray or infrared ray, an electron beam curable type, etc. However, it is preferable to use an evaporation drying type solvent that can form the retroreflective layer 21 without deforming the soft thermoplastic synthetic resin used to form the protective cover body 22.
また、再帰性反射層２１の表面に蛍光顔料や蓄光顔料を含有させて有色透明層を形成すれば、昼間における道路用標示装置の誘目性を一段と向上させることができ、好ましい。 In addition, if a colored transparent layer is formed by including a fluorescent pigment or a phosphorescent pigment on the surface of the retroreflective layer 21, the attractiveness of the road marking device in the daytime can be further improved, which is preferable.
尚、保護カバー２の別の形態として、保護カバー本体２２にアルミ蒸着したり、保護カバー２２にステンレス箔等を取付けて、保護カバー２を鏡面を備えたものとなしてもよい。かかる鏡面を有する保護カバー２を道路標示体に取付けることにより、外方からの光を全反射させることで視認性が向上すると共に、道路標示体の耐候性を向上させることができる道路用標示装置を形成することができ、好ましい。 As another form of the protective cover 2, the protective cover 2 may be provided with a mirror surface by depositing aluminum on the protective cover body 22 or attaching a stainless steel foil or the like to the protective cover 22. By attaching the protective cover 2 having such a mirror surface to the road marking body, visibility is improved by totally reflecting light from the outside, and the weather resistance of the road marking body can be improved. Is preferable.
本発明に係る道路用標示装置は、保護カバーの外面に全体にわたりガラスビーズを含有した再帰性反射層が形成されているため、既設の道路標示体に被着させるだけで、道路標示体の外面全体に再帰反射性を付与することができ、道路用標示装置の視認性を向上させることができる道路用標示装置として好適に利用することができる。 In the road marking device according to the present invention, since the retroreflective layer containing glass beads is formed on the entire outer surface of the protective cover, the outer surface of the road marking body is simply attached to the existing road marking body. The present invention can be suitably used as a road marking device that can impart retroreflectivity to the whole and improve the visibility of the road marking device.
１ 道路標示体
１１ 台座部
２ 保護カバー
２１ 再帰性反射層
２２ 保護カバー本体
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Road marking body 11 Base part 2 Protective cover 21 Retroreflective layer 22 Protective cover body
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006093323A JP2007262865A (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2006-03-30 | Road surface marking device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006093323A JP2007262865A (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2006-03-30 | Road surface marking device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007262865A true JP2007262865A (en) | 2007-10-11 |
Family
ID=38636110
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006093323A Pending JP2007262865A (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2006-03-30 | Road surface marking device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2007262865A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012031575A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-16 | Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd | Sign body for road |
| JP7542686B1 (en) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-08-30 | Nok株式会社 | Signpost |
| JP2024176336A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2024-12-19 | Nok株式会社 | Signposts and sign systems |
| WO2025263163A1 (en) * | 2024-06-21 | 2025-12-26 | Nok株式会社 | Delineator |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0380949A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Raw garbage treatment apparatus |
| JPH0470318U (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1992-06-22 | ||
| JPH05156612A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-22 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg Co <3M> | Reflective cover for traffic facility supply |
| JPH07259031A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-10-09 | Seiichi Ohashi | Natural light marker |
-
2006
- 2006-03-30 JP JP2006093323A patent/JP2007262865A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0380949A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Raw garbage treatment apparatus |
| JPH0470318U (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1992-06-22 | ||
| JPH05156612A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-22 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg Co <3M> | Reflective cover for traffic facility supply |
| JPH07259031A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-10-09 | Seiichi Ohashi | Natural light marker |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012031575A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-16 | Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd | Sign body for road |
| JP7542686B1 (en) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-08-30 | Nok株式会社 | Signpost |
| JP2024176337A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2024-12-19 | Nok株式会社 | Signpost |
| JP2024176336A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2024-12-19 | Nok株式会社 | Signposts and sign systems |
| WO2025263163A1 (en) * | 2024-06-21 | 2025-12-26 | Nok株式会社 | Delineator |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20090059948A (en) | Elastic spring bollard | |
| JP2007262865A (en) | Road surface marking device | |
| JP4099318B2 (en) | Reflector for sticking the support | |
| JP2006257867A (en) | Cylindrical sign attachment | |
| JP3958640B2 (en) | Road marking object | |
| JP6231738B2 (en) | Road marking device | |
| JP2581399B2 (en) | Road signpost | |
| JP4113019B2 (en) | Self-cleaning road sign pillar | |
| JP4321377B2 (en) | Road gaze guidance sign | |
| JP2005207158A (en) | Buffer marking body like invasion regulation fence | |
| JP2011063960A (en) | Road sign body | |
| KR200307803Y1 (en) | safety signal for street crossing and stop line | |
| JP2009264049A (en) | Sign with solid arrow | |
| KR20020039587A (en) | Central lane identification Block | |
| JP3136241U (en) | Free-standing signboard | |
| KR20200121169A (en) | Lane Temporary Indicator | |
| KR200385869Y1 (en) | Road marker | |
| JPH10147913A (en) | Traffic lane separation mark | |
| JPH1030214A (en) | Reflection mark device of traffic sign pole | |
| JP3007844B2 (en) | Retractable gaze guide pillar | |
| JP2019019469A (en) | Vertical reflective marker | |
| JP4637058B2 (en) | Support structure of support and cap | |
| JP3874979B2 (en) | Information sign board installation method, information sign board used in this installation method, and route marking method using this information sign board | |
| KR20240148189A (en) | Elastic and shock proof members installed on one side of the road boundary seat | |
| KR20120000571U (en) | Safety facility having improved visibility |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20080917 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20100217 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100309 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100421 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20110125 |