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JP2007111627A - Waste water treatment method and waste water treatment system - Google Patents

Waste water treatment method and waste water treatment system Download PDF

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JP2007111627A
JP2007111627A JP2005305676A JP2005305676A JP2007111627A JP 2007111627 A JP2007111627 A JP 2007111627A JP 2005305676 A JP2005305676 A JP 2005305676A JP 2005305676 A JP2005305676 A JP 2005305676A JP 2007111627 A JP2007111627 A JP 2007111627A
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wastewater
hydroxide
ultrasonic
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Etsuro Shibata
悦郎 柴田
Takashi Nakamura
崇 中村
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Tohoku University NUC
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Abstract

【課題】廃水中の重金属イオンの除去を行う廃水処理方法を提供すること。
【解決手段】産業廃水中の重金属共沈処理の凝集沈殿槽に、気液二相旋回式マイクロバブル発生装置に接続された分散器と、超音波発信器に接続された投げ込み式超音波振動子を設置する行程と、前記分散器から、重金属共沈処理で生成した水酸化鉄などの水酸化物フロックが分散した廃液全体にマイクロバブルを発生させ、前記超音波振動子から照射した超音波の音圧でマイクロバブルを崩壊させることによるホットスポットならびにマイクロジェットの効果で水酸化物フロックを結晶化させ、その沈降分離を促進させる行程とを備えたことを特徴とするマイクロバブルの超音波圧壊による廃水処理水酸化物沈殿の結晶化による沈降分離促進の方法。
【選択図】図1
Disclosed is a wastewater treatment method for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater.
SOLUTION: A dispersion tank connected to a gas-liquid two-phase swirl type microbubble generator in a coagulation sedimentation tank for heavy metal coprecipitation treatment in industrial wastewater, and a throw-in type ultrasonic vibrator connected to an ultrasonic transmitter And a microbubble is generated in the entire waste liquid in which hydroxide flocs such as iron hydroxide generated by the heavy metal coprecipitation treatment are dispersed from the disperser, and the ultrasonic wave irradiated from the ultrasonic vibrator Due to ultrasonic crushing of microbubbles, characterized in that it has a process of crystallizing hydroxide flocs by the effect of microjets by disrupting microbubbles with sound pressure and accelerating their sedimentation Method of promoting sedimentation separation by crystallization of wastewater treatment hydroxide precipitate.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

業種:例えば、めっき業廃水
めっきは、鉄その他の素材の表面を清浄にした後、金属の薄い膜を付けて、素材の表面の性質を向上させる。使用する薬品、資材には重金属類、シアン、クロム酸など有害なものが多い。廃水は表面処理及びめっきに用いる薬液の老化した廃液(高濃度でときたま交換の際に出る。)と、素材を加工したものを水洗する低濃度の常時廃水とがある。また成分的には、酸洗、アルカリ処理系統、シアン系統、クロム系統、その他有害重金属を含む系統などに分けられる。表1にめっき廃水水質の一例を示す。
Industry: For example, plating industry wastewater Plating improves the surface properties of materials by cleaning the surface of iron and other materials and then applying a thin metal film. Many chemicals and materials used are harmful, such as heavy metals, cyanide and chromic acid. There are two types of waste water: chemical waste used for surface treatment and plating (highly concentrated and occasionally exchanged), and low-concentration regular waste water for washing processed materials. The components are divided into pickling, alkali treatment systems, cyan systems, chromium systems, and other systems containing toxic heavy metals. Table 1 shows an example of plating wastewater quality.

Figure 2007111627
Figure 2007111627

廃水中重金属処理:水酸化物生成−凝集沈殿処理(凝集沈殿法)
凝集沈殿法は、水処理における単位操作の一つであり、水中に懸濁状態で存在する物質を凝集剤により凝集し、沈殿させた後に液中から分離する方法である。すなわち、廃液中の重金属イオンの除去は、水に難溶な化合物、たとえば水酸化物、硫化物あるいはフェライト化合物などを生成させて、凝集沈殿法で沈殿分離することになる。
Waste metal heavy metal treatment: hydroxide formation-coagulation sedimentation treatment (coagulation sedimentation method)
The coagulation sedimentation method is one of unit operations in water treatment, and is a method in which substances existing in a suspended state in water are aggregated with a coagulant and precipitated, and then separated from the liquid. That is, the removal of heavy metal ions in the waste liquid generates a compound that is hardly soluble in water, such as a hydroxide, sulfide, or ferrite compound, and precipitates and separates by a coagulation precipitation method.

重金属処理方法例
廃液中の重金属を除去する場合、重金属がすでに不溶性化合物の状態で存在していれば固液分離をすることにより重金属を液中から取り除くことができるが、イオン状態で液中に溶解しているときは、水に不溶な水酸化物、硫化物などを生成させて沈殿させた後除去しなければならない。通常は、重金属を水酸化物として沈殿させる方法が用いられる。
水中に存在する重金属イオンはpHの上昇(OH-イオン濃度の増加)とともに金属水酸化物となり沈殿する。一方、凝集剤(共沈剤)として加えられている第二鉄イオン(Fe3+)も水酸化第二鉄(Fe(OH)3)として沈殿するが、そのときに他の金属水酸化物と凝集しながら沈殿をする。この沈殿を液中から取り除けば液中には重金属イオンは存在しなくなる。
Example of heavy metal treatment method When removing heavy metals in waste liquid, heavy metals can be removed from the liquid by solid-liquid separation if the heavy metals already exist in the form of insoluble compounds. When dissolved, it must be removed after forming and precipitating hydroxides, sulfides, etc. that are insoluble in water. Usually, a method of precipitating heavy metals as hydroxides is used.
Heavy metal ions present in water precipitate as metal hydroxides with increasing pH (increased OH - ion concentration). On the other hand, ferric ion (Fe 3+ ) added as a coagulant (coprecipitant) also precipitates as ferric hydroxide (Fe (OH) 3 ). Precipitate while agglomerating. If this precipitate is removed from the liquid, heavy metal ions will not be present in the liquid.

重金属イオンの不溶性化合物生成を利用する沈殿除去は、溶解度積の原理に基づいている。すなわち、重金属水酸化物の水に対する溶解度は非常に小さいものが多く、酸性でイオン状態で溶解していた重金属はアルカリで中和すると水酸化物となり沈殿するようになる。金属水酸化物が沈殿するために必要な条件は、金属イオン濃度と水酸基イオン濃度の積がその水酸化物の溶解度積より大きくなることである。   Precipitation removal utilizing the production of insoluble compounds of heavy metal ions is based on the principle of solubility products. In other words, the solubility of heavy metal hydroxides in water is often very low, and heavy metals that are acidic and dissolved in an ionic state become hydroxides and precipitate when neutralized with alkali. A necessary condition for the precipitation of the metal hydroxide is that the product of the metal ion concentration and the hydroxyl ion concentration is larger than the solubility product of the hydroxide.

多くの物質が共存している場合の沈殿生成においては、一般に特定物質のみが析出・沈殿することはまれであり、多少の他物質を伴って沈殿する。このような他物質を伴うような沈殿現象を共沈という。単独に存在するときには沈殿しないような条件でも、ある種の沈殿に誘われて沈殿する現象を誘発沈殿という。たとえば、廃液中からカドミウムを除去する場合、溶解度積から計算するとpH10以下では排水基準値の0.1 mg/l 以下にはならないが、多量の鉄、亜鉛などが共存していると共沈現象によってpH10以下でも基準値以下になる場合がある。共沈現象は沈殿への金属イオンの吸着あるいは沈殿生成のとき沈殿に包み込まれることによるものであるといわれている。通常は、廃液中に第二鉄イオン(Fe3+)を加え共沈現象を利用して処理能力を向上させている。なお、ひ素は水酸化物としては沈殿除去することはできないが、水酸化鉄(Fe(OH)3)に吸着されて除去される。As(III)よりもAs(V)の方が除去性が良いことが明らかとなっているため、ヒ素を含有している廃液については前処理でAs(III)を酸化してから共沈除去される。 In the case of precipitation when many substances coexist, it is rare that only a specific substance precipitates and precipitates, and precipitates with some other substances. Such precipitation with other substances is called coprecipitation. The phenomenon of precipitation induced by some kind of precipitation even under conditions that do not precipitate when present alone is called induced precipitation. For example, when cadmium is removed from waste liquid, it is not less than 0.1 mg / l of the effluent standard value at pH 10 or less when calculated from the solubility product, but if a large amount of iron, zinc, etc. coexist, pH 10 Even below, it may be below the reference value. The coprecipitation phenomenon is said to be due to the metal ions adsorbed on the precipitate or encapsulated in the precipitate when it is formed. Usually, ferric ions (Fe 3+ ) are added to the waste liquid to improve the treatment capacity by utilizing the coprecipitation phenomenon. Arsenic cannot be precipitated and removed as a hydroxide, but is adsorbed and removed by iron hydroxide (Fe (OH) 3 ). Since it is clear that As (V) has better removability than As (III), co-precipitation removal is performed after oxidizing As (III) in the pretreatment for waste liquids containing arsenic. Is done.

廃液処理に使用される凝集剤(共沈剤)には数多くの種類があるが、凝集沈殿法における凝集主剤としては一般に無機凝集剤が使用される。無機凝集剤の凝集能力は金属イオンの原子価により変化し、価数が高いほど凝集力が強くなる。凝集沈殿処理に使用される無機凝集剤としては、処理コストや凝集効果の面から三価の鉄やアルミニウムが使用されているが、ひ素の処理を考えた場合には鉄塩の方が有利である。   There are many types of flocculants (coprecipitants) used for waste liquid treatment, but inorganic flocculants are generally used as the main flocculants in the flocculant precipitation method. The aggregation ability of the inorganic flocculant varies depending on the valence of the metal ion, and the higher the valence, the stronger the aggregation force. Trivalent iron and aluminum are used as the inorganic flocculant used for the coagulation and precipitation treatment from the viewpoint of treatment cost and coagulation effect. However, when considering the treatment of arsenic, iron salts are more advantageous. is there.

凝集沈殿法により金属水酸化物が生成してもフロック(沈殿粒子の凝集体)が細かく、沈降し難いときは、沈降促進のためにフロック同士を結びつけ沈殿を大きくしてやらなければならない。この目的のために凝集助剤として高分子凝集剤が使用される。高分子凝集剤にはカチオン系、アニオン系及びノニオン系のものがあるが、金属水酸化物に対してはアニオン系またはノニオン系のものが効果が高い。高分子凝集剤は凝集沈殿処理にはかかせないものであるが、多量に添加すると処理水中に残存することになるので、実際の使用にあたっては最小量で効果を発揮する添加量を検討して加えている。その後、全液を熟成槽に移してフロックの熟成のため静置する。熟成後の沈殿はろ過機により固液分離される。   If flocs (aggregates of precipitated particles) are fine and difficult to settle even when metal hydroxide is produced by the coagulation precipitation method, the precipitates must be enlarged by linking the flocs to promote sedimentation. For this purpose, a polymer flocculant is used as an agglomeration aid. Polymer flocculants include cationic, anionic, and nonionic types, but anionic or nonionic types are more effective for metal hydroxides. The polymer flocculant is indispensable for the coagulation sedimentation treatment, but if it is added in a large amount, it will remain in the treated water. Added. Thereafter, the entire solution is transferred to an aging tank and allowed to stand for aging of floc. The precipitate after aging is solid-liquid separated by a filter.

通常、凝集沈殿法(共沈法)により生成する水酸化鉄などの金属水酸化鉄は非晶質のゲル状であり非常に沈降分離性が悪い。そのため、長時間、場合によっては高温(〜80℃)で熟成され結晶化を促すことにより沈降分離性を向上させることとなる。   Usually, metal iron hydroxides such as iron hydroxide produced by the coagulation precipitation method (coprecipitation method) are amorphous gels and have very poor sedimentation separation properties. Therefore, the sedimentation separation property is improved by aging at high temperature (up to 80 ° C.) for a long time and in some cases promoting crystallization.

目的:廃水中重金属の共沈処理により生ずる水酸化鉄(III)などの金属水酸化物フロックの沈殿促進(実験では、まずは水酸化鉄(III)に限定)
1)水酸化鉄(III)(Fe(OH)3)やβゲーサイト(β-FeOOH)はゲル状(非晶質)であり、沈降・分離性が悪い。
2)化学的に安定な濃密なスラッジを作る必要がある(ゲル状物質の結晶化、例えばα-Fe2O3への変換)。
3)通常は、高温(60℃以上)で長時間熟成される。
4)本研究では、沈降処理の新たなアプローチとしてマイクロバブルの超音波圧壊による結晶化促進に関して研究を行う。(超音波照射のみでは大量処理に対しては非効率。マイクロバブルの圧壊作用は湖畔のアオコの除去など大量処理に利用される。気液二相旋回式マイクロバブル発生装置は安価で大量処理が可能。)
5)マイクロバブルが圧壊(崩壊)する際、ホットスポットと呼ばれる数千度、数千気圧の反応場が局所的に生成する。また、圧壊の際はマイクロジェットと呼ばれる衝撃波(100m/s以上)が生じ、周囲粒子は高速衝突を起し、一部溶融や表面改質などが起こる。この効果により、非晶質状(ゲル状)の分散粒子(凝集体)の結晶化が促進されると考えられる。
6)具体的な最終目標は、ヒ素処理におけるスクロダイト(FeAsO4)の生成および結晶化の促進(まずは簡便に重金属フリーで行う。)
Purpose: Promote precipitation of metal hydroxide flocs such as iron hydroxide (III) produced by coprecipitation treatment of heavy metals in wastewater (In the experiment, limited to iron hydroxide (III) first)
1) Iron hydroxide (III) (Fe (OH) 3) and β-goethite (β-FeOOH) are gel (amorphous) and have poor sedimentation and separation properties.
2) It is necessary to make a chemically stable dense sludge (crystallization of gel material, for example, conversion to α-Fe 2 O 3 ).
3) Normally, it is aged for a long time at high temperature (over 60 ℃).
4) In this research, as a new approach for sedimentation treatment, we will conduct research on crystallization promotion by ultrasonic crushing of microbubbles. (Ultrasonic irradiation alone is inefficient for large-scale processing. The crushing action of microbubbles is used for large-scale processing such as the removal of sea cucumbers on the lakeside. Possible.)
5) When the microbubbles collapse (collapse), a reaction field of several thousand degrees and several thousand atmospheres called a hot spot is locally generated. In addition, when crushing, a shock wave called a microjet (100 m / s or more) is generated, and surrounding particles cause high-speed collision, and partial melting or surface modification occurs. This effect is thought to promote crystallization of amorphous (gel-like) dispersed particles (aggregates).
6) The final goal is to promote the formation and crystallization of sukurodite (FeAsO 4 ) in the arsenic treatment (first, it should be simple and free of heavy metals).

実機プロセス概略:実機プロセスの概略を図1に示す。重金属の凝集沈殿処理により生じた水酸化鉄などのゲル状のフロックが分散した凝集沈殿槽に、投げ込み式超音波振動子と気液二相旋回式マイクロバブル発生装置を設置する。これにより、沈殿槽全体にマイクロバブルを分散させ、連続的に超音波の音圧でバブルを圧壊させる。その圧壊によるホットスポットとマイクロジェットの効果でゲル状の金属水酸化鉄粒子の結晶化を促進させる。   Outline of actual machine process: Figure 1 shows an outline of the actual machine process. A throw-in type ultrasonic vibrator and a gas-liquid two-phase swirl type microbubble generator are installed in a coagulation sedimentation tank in which gel-like flocs such as iron hydroxide generated by the coagulation sedimentation treatment of heavy metals are dispersed. As a result, the microbubbles are dispersed throughout the precipitation tank, and the bubbles are continuously crushed by the sound pressure of ultrasonic waves. The crystallization of gelled metal iron hydroxide particles is promoted by the effect of hot spots and microjets due to the crushing.

実験室レベル試験計画:非晶質水酸化鉄(III)のスラリーを、蒸留水に適量の塩化鉄を溶解させ水酸化ナトリウムでpHを調整して作成する。実機で用いる気液二相旋回式マイクロバブル発生装置は数十Lのスラリーが必要となるので実験ではシリンジ式用手撹拌法を用いる。マイクロバブルが分散した水溶液は一見白濁しているように見える。既に、数十kHzの低周波の超音波を照射することによりマイクロバブルは一気に崩壊し、白濁上の水溶液がすぐに透明になること確認している。図2に実験装置の模式図を示す。円筒カラム容器(または円筒に巻き付けたシリコンチューブ)に二本のシリンジを接続し、シリンジに水酸化鉄スラリーと微量の空気を入れてシリンジを交互に強く押して撹拌する。この用手撹拌法により常に円筒カラム容器内の水酸化鉄スラリーをマイクロバブル溶液の状態に保つようにする。この円筒カラム容器を超音波洗浄槽に浸漬し、連続的なマイクロバブルの生成と超音波による圧壊を行う。その後、分散粒子を採取し、XRDやSEM、TEM観察により結晶化の進行度合いを調査する。   Laboratory level test plan: A slurry of amorphous iron (III) hydroxide is prepared by dissolving an appropriate amount of iron chloride in distilled water and adjusting the pH with sodium hydroxide. The gas-liquid two-phase swirl type microbubble generator used in the actual machine requires several tens of liters of slurry, so the syringe type manual stirring method is used in the experiment. The aqueous solution in which microbubbles are dispersed appears to be cloudy at first glance. It has already been confirmed that by irradiating ultrasonic waves with low frequency of several tens of kHz, the microbubbles collapse at once, and the aqueous solution over white turbidity becomes transparent immediately. Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus. Two syringes are connected to a cylindrical column container (or a silicon tube wound around a cylinder), iron hydroxide slurry and a small amount of air are put into the syringes, and the syringes are alternately strongly pressed and stirred. By this manual stirring method, the iron hydroxide slurry in the cylindrical column container is always kept in a microbubble solution state. This cylindrical column container is immersed in an ultrasonic cleaning tank, and continuous microbubble generation and ultrasonic crushing are performed. Then, disperse particles are collected, and the progress of crystallization is investigated by XRD, SEM, and TEM observation.

実機プロセスの概略図。Schematic of actual machine process. 実験装置の概略図。Schematic of an experimental apparatus.

Claims (3)

A)産業廃水中の重金属共沈処理の凝集沈殿槽に、気液二相旋回式マイクロバブル発生装置に接続された分散器と、超音波発信器に接続された投げ込み式超音波振動子を設置する行程と、
B)前記分散器から、重金属共沈処理で生成した水酸化鉄などの水酸化物フロック(沈殿粒子の凝集体)が分散した廃液全体にマイクロバブルを発生させ、前記超音波振動子から照射した超音波の音圧でマイクロバブルを崩壊させることによるホットスポットならびにマイクロジェットの効果で水酸化物フロックを結晶化させ、その沈降分離を促進させる行程と、
を備えたことを特徴とするマイクロバブルの超音波圧壊による廃水処理水酸化物沈殿の結晶化による沈降分離促進の方法。
A) Disperser connected to gas-liquid two-phase swirl microbubble generator and throw-type ultrasonic transducer connected to ultrasonic transmitter are installed in the coagulation sedimentation tank for heavy metal coprecipitation treatment in industrial wastewater And the process of
B) Microbubbles were generated from the disperser in the entire waste liquid in which hydroxide flocks (aggregates of precipitated particles) such as iron hydroxide produced by heavy metal coprecipitation were dispersed, and irradiated from the ultrasonic vibrator. The process of crystallizing hydroxide flocs by the effect of hot spots and microjets by breaking microbubbles with the sound pressure of ultrasonic waves, and promoting the sedimentation separation,
A method for promoting sedimentation separation by crystallization of a wastewater-treated hydroxide precipitate by ultrasonic crushing of microbubbles.
廃水中に含まれる重金属の除去を行う廃水処理方法において、廃水中の重金属を凝集剤を用いて凝集体として凝集沈殿させる凝集処理工程と、超音波を廃水中に照射することで、前記凝集体の結晶化を促進させる結晶化促進工程と、を含むことを特徴とする廃水処理方法。   In the wastewater treatment method for removing heavy metals contained in wastewater, the agglomerate is obtained by aggregating and precipitating heavy metals in wastewater as agglomerates using a flocculant, and irradiating the wastewater with ultrasonic waves. And a crystallization promoting step for promoting crystallization of the waste water. 廃水中に含まれる重金属の除去を行う廃水処理システムにおいて、廃水中の重金属を凝集剤を用いて凝集体として凝集沈殿させる凝集処理手段と、超音波を廃水中に照射することで、前記凝集体の結晶化を促進させる結晶化促進手段と、を備えることを特徴とする廃水処理システム。   In a wastewater treatment system for removing heavy metals contained in wastewater, agglomeration treatment means for aggregating and precipitating heavy metals in wastewater as agglomerates using a flocculant, and irradiating ultrasonic waves into the wastewater, the aggregates And a crystallization promoting means for promoting crystallization of the waste water treatment system.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2011524802A (en) * 2008-12-24 2011-09-08 クリスタル・ラグーンズ・コーポレーション・エルエルシー Efficient filtration process of water in aquarium for recreational facilities and decorative use, where filtration is performed on a small amount of water and not on the total volume of aquarium water process
JP2012106212A (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-06-07 Reo Laboratory Co Ltd Drainage treatment method
JP2012106214A (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-06-07 Oshu Bussan Unyu Kk Method for producing organic substance sludge and organic substance produced by the producing method
JP2015221399A (en) * 2014-05-22 2015-12-10 株式会社Ihi Method and apparatus for solid particle precipitation separation
CN108479660A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-09-04 清华大学深圳研究生院 A kind of ultrasonic solid liquid separator
WO2020005740A1 (en) * 2018-06-28 2020-01-02 Fluent Technologies, Llc Variable pulsed ionic waste stream reclamation system and method
CN114890517A (en) * 2021-05-10 2022-08-12 叶涛 Improved flocculation water purification method and device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011524802A (en) * 2008-12-24 2011-09-08 クリスタル・ラグーンズ・コーポレーション・エルエルシー Efficient filtration process of water in aquarium for recreational facilities and decorative use, where filtration is performed on a small amount of water and not on the total volume of aquarium water process
JP2012106212A (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-06-07 Reo Laboratory Co Ltd Drainage treatment method
JP2012106214A (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-06-07 Oshu Bussan Unyu Kk Method for producing organic substance sludge and organic substance produced by the producing method
JP2015221399A (en) * 2014-05-22 2015-12-10 株式会社Ihi Method and apparatus for solid particle precipitation separation
CN108479660A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-09-04 清华大学深圳研究生院 A kind of ultrasonic solid liquid separator
WO2020005740A1 (en) * 2018-06-28 2020-01-02 Fluent Technologies, Llc Variable pulsed ionic waste stream reclamation system and method
CN114890517A (en) * 2021-05-10 2022-08-12 叶涛 Improved flocculation water purification method and device

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