JP2007176351A - Interlocking brake mechanism for bar handle vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydraulic master cylinder for front wheels, a slave cylinder for interlocking, and an interlocking member can be mounted at a position away from a bar handle, increasing the degree of freedom in layout and improving design.
An interlocking unit 11 including an interlocking slave cylinder 9, a front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3, an interlocking member 15, and a rotating lever 14 is formed. The second cylinder hole 9 a of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 and the first cylinder hole 3 a of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 are arranged in parallel on the base body 11 a of the interlocking unit 11, and both cylinder holes 9 a and 3 a are connected to the base 11. Open adjacent to the side. A pivot lever 14 and an interlocking member 15 are pivotally attached to a pivot 13 provided between the openings. The interlocking member 15 is provided with a shaft attachment portion 15a, working arms 15b and 15c, and a contact arm 15d. The pivot lever 14 has a shaft attachment portion 14a, a connection portion 14b of the wire cable 32, An interlocking member pressing arm 14c is provided.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a bar handle vehicle interlocking brake mechanism, and more particularly, to a bar handle vehicle interlocking brake mechanism that operates not only a rear wheel brake but also a front wheel brake when a rear wheel brake operator is operated. .

In recent years, as an interlocking brake mechanism for a bar handle vehicle, a first hydraulic system that supplies hydraulic pressure to a front wheel brake via a front wheel hydraulic master cylinder according to an operation of a front wheel brake lever, and a rear wheel brake operator The hydraulic pressure is supplied to the rear wheel brake via the rear wheel actuator according to the operation of the front wheel, and the front wheel hydraulic pressure is supplied via the interlocking slave cylinder that operates hydraulically according to the operation of the rear wheel brake operator. A system including a second hydraulic system that operates a master cylinder to supply hydraulic pressure to a front wheel brake has been proposed. The front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder and the interlocking slave cylinder are arranged in parallel, and arc-shaped interlocking members whose both ends are in contact with the piston end surface of the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder and the piston end surface of the interlocking slave cylinder, respectively. When the intermediate portion is pivotally connected to the front wheel brake lever and the front wheel brake lever is operated by the first hydraulic system by operating the front wheel brake lever, the interlocking member is operated along with the operation of the front wheel brake lever. Turns the piston of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder to operate the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder, and operates the rear wheel brake operator to operate the front wheel brake by the second hydraulic system. When the interlocking slave cylinder is hydraulically operated, the interlocking member rotates with the front wheel brake lever held in a non-operating state. By pushing the piston of the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder so that to operate the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder Te (e.g., see Patent Document 1.).
JP-A-9-254771

  However, in the above, the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder, the interlocking slave cylinder, and the interlocking member are attached to the bar handle close to the brake lever, so a relatively large space is required in the bar handle near the brake lever. As a result, the layout was limited.

  Therefore, the present invention can mount a hydraulic master cylinder for front wheels, a slave cylinder for interlocking and an interlocking member at a position away from the bar handle, increasing the degree of freedom in layout and improving the design. It is an object to provide an interlocking brake mechanism for a steering vehicle.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a hydraulic pressure is supplied from a rear wheel hydraulic master cylinder to a rear wheel brake and an interlock slave cylinder in response to an operation of a rear wheel brake operating element. By transmitting the movement of the piston of the front slave cylinder to the piston of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder via the interlocking member, the hydraulic pressure is supplied from the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder to the front wheel brake, and the front wheel brake lever An interlocking brake mechanism for a bar handle vehicle having an interlocking mechanism that supplies hydraulic pressure from the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder to the front wheel brake by transmitting the operation to the piston of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder via the interlocking member. The interlocking slave cylinder, the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder, the interlocking member, and the front wheel brake lever. Forming an interlocking unit having a rotation lever connected through a means, and arranging a cylinder hole of the interlocking slave cylinder and a cylinder hole of the hydraulic master cylinder for the front wheel in parallel on the base of the interlocking unit Both cylinder holes are opened adjacent to one side of the base, and the pivot lever and the interlocking member can swing along the axis direction of the cylinder hole on the pivot shaft provided between the two openings. The interlocking member includes a shaft-attached portion with respect to the rotating shaft, and a piston end surface of the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder projecting from the shaft-attached portion and a piston end surface of the interlocking slave cylinder. A master cylinder side working arm and a slave cylinder side working arm, which are in contact with each other, and a contact arm which is in contact with an interlocking member pressing arm provided on the rotating lever are provided, and the rotating lever is connected to the rotating shaft. Shaft attachment A connecting portion of the interlocking means, and the interlocking member pressing arm is characterized in that it is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the distance from the center of the pivot shaft to the contact portion between the slave cylinder side working arm and the piston end surface of the interlocking slave cylinder is determined from the center of the pivot shaft to the master cylinder side action. The piston of the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder is smaller than the distance to the contact portion between the arm and the piston end surface of the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder, and even during the full stroke of the piston of the interlocking slave cylinder Is characterized by being slidable up to the full stroke.

  By configuring as described above, in the first invention, the interlocking unit including the interlocking slave cylinder, the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder, the interlocking member, and the rotating lever is placed at an arbitrary position away from the bar handle. Since it can be mounted, the degree of freedom in layout can be increased and the design can be improved.

  In the second invention, the distance from the center of the rotating shaft to the contact portion between the slave cylinder side operating arm and the piston end surface of the interlocking slave cylinder is determined from the center of the rotating shaft to the master cylinder side operating arm. Since it is formed to be smaller than the distance to the contact portion with the piston end surface of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder, the stroke length of the piston can be reduced and the axial length of the interlocking slave cylinder can be shortened. Since the interlocking slave cylinder can be formed close to the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder, the interlocking unit can be reduced in size. Furthermore, the piston of the hydraulic master cylinder for front wheels can be sufficiently stroked by operating the slave cylinder for interlocking while reducing the size of the interlocking unit.

  Even when the piston of the interlocking slave cylinder is full stroke, the piston of the hydraulic master cylinder for front wheels is formed to be slidable to the full stroke, so the rear wheel brake operator is strongly Even if the operation is continued, there is no possibility that the brake fluid pressure on the front wheel side will increase more than necessary, causing the front wheel brake to lock, and the return spring of the hydraulic master cylinder for front wheels to be in close contact. In addition, when the front wheel brake lever is operated by operating the rear wheel brake lever and operating the front wheel brake lever while operating the front wheel brake via the interlocking slave cylinder, a good operation fee can be obtained. You can get a ring.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional front view of the main part of the interlocking brake mechanism, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the interlocking unit when the front wheel brake lever is operated, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the interlocking unit when the rear wheel brake pedal is operated. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the interlock brake mechanism 1 for a bar handle vehicle according to this embodiment supplies hydraulic pressure from a front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 to a front wheel brake 4 in response to an operation of a front wheel brake lever 2. The hydraulic pressure is supplied from the rear wheel hydraulic pressure master cylinder 7 to the rear wheel brake 8 according to the operation of the first hydraulic pressure system 5 and the brake pedal 6 as the rear wheel brake operator, and the interlocking slave. A second hydraulic system 10 for operating the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 by the cylinder 9 to supply hydraulic pressure to the front wheel brake 4 is provided.

  The front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 and the interlocking slave cylinder 9 are opened in one side of the base body 11a of the interlocking unit 11 attached to the body of the bar handle vehicle, for example, the leg shield, etc., and are provided in parallel. . A pivot mounting bracket 11b protrudes from one side of the base body 11a. The pivot mounting bracket 11b is positioned at an intermediate position between the axis L1 of the hydraulic master cylinder 3 for the front wheel and the axis L2 of the interlocking slave cylinder 9. Using the collar 12 and the pivot 13 provided, the turning lever 14 and the interlocking member 15 are provided so as to be able to swing. That is, the collar 12 and the pivot 13 are provided perpendicular to the plane passing through the axis L1 and the axis L2, and the rotation lever 14 and the interlocking member 15 rotate along the plane passing through the axis L1 and the axis L2. It is provided to move. The interlocking unit 11 is provided with vehicle body mounting brackets 11d and 11d, and is interlocked using vehicle body mounting bolts (not shown) inserted into bolt holes 11e and 11e formed in the vehicle body mounting brackets 11d and 11d. The unit 11 is attached to the vehicle body.

  The bottomed first cylinder hole 3a used for the hydraulic master cylinder 3 for the front wheel opens to one side surface 11c of the base body 11a, a large diameter portion 3b is formed on the opening side, and the first cylinder hole 3a A hydraulic fluid supply port 16 that supplies hydraulic fluid to the front wheel brake 4 is formed in the bottom 3c. A first piston 18 is inserted into the first cylinder hole 3a via two cup seals 17 and 17, and a hydraulic chamber 19 is formed between the first piston 18 and the bottom 3c of the first cylinder hole 3a. Defined. The first piston 18 is always urged toward the opening side by a first return spring 20 that is contracted between a flange portion 18a formed on the base end side of the first piston 18 and the bottom portion 3c, and its retreat limit is The circlip 21 is provided in the large diameter portion 3b of the first cylinder hole 3a. Furthermore, the first piston 18 is in a state in which the tip end portion 18b protrudes from the first cylinder hole 3a when not in operation, and the annular groove 18c formed in the vicinity of the tip end portion 18b and the opening side of the large diameter portion 3b. A first dust boot 22 is mounted between the two. The front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 is connected to a reservoir (not shown) so that the hydraulic fluid can be replenished.

  The bottomed second cylinder hole 9a used in the interlocking slave cylinder 9 has an axis L2 formed along the axis L1 of the first cylinder hole 3a and opens on one side surface 11c of the base 11a. A large-diameter cylinder portion 9b, a bottom-side small-diameter cylinder portion 9c, and a conical portion 9d that connects the large-diameter cylinder portion 9b and the small-diameter cylinder portion 9c are provided. In addition, a hydraulic fluid inlet 23 to which hydraulic pressure is supplied according to the operation of the brake pedal 6 is formed in the bottom portion 9e of the second cylinder hole 9a so as to communicate with the small diameter cylinder portion 9c. The second piston 24 includes a large-diameter shaft portion 24a inserted into the small-diameter cylinder portion 9c, an intermediate-diameter shaft portion 24b inserted into the large-diameter cylinder portion 9b, an intermediate-diameter shaft portion 24b, and a large-diameter shaft portion 24a. And a distal end small diameter portion 24d continuous with the medium diameter shaft portion 24b. The second piston 24 is inserted into the second cylinder hole 9a via a cup seal 25, and a retaining member 27 is attached to the opening side of the large diameter cylinder portion 9b via a circlip 26.

  The retaining member 27 includes a large-diameter cylindrical portion 27a that is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the large-diameter cylinder portion 9b, a small-diameter cylindrical portion 27b that is inserted on the inner peripheral side of the circlip 26, and a distal-end small-diameter portion 24d that is formed in the center. Insertion hole 27c and a spring receiver 27d projecting toward the bottom of the cylinder hole continuously to the outer periphery of the large diameter cylindrical portion 27a. The retaining member 27 is mounted on the opening side of the large diameter cylinder portion 9b. Thus, the air chamber 28 is defined by the retaining member 27, the large diameter cylinder portion 9b, and the conical portion 9d. Further, the second piston 24 is prevented from coming off and restricting the stroke by the medium diameter shaft portion 24b coming into contact with the large diameter cylindrical portion 27a, and the second piston 24 is disposed on the cylinder hole bottom side. The return spring 29 that is biased to the right is positioned by the spring receiver 27d of the retaining member 27 and the flange portion 24c of the second piston. Furthermore, the second piston 24 is in a state where the tip 24e protrudes from the second cylinder hole 9a when not in operation, and the second dust is between the tip 24e and the opening side of the large-diameter cylinder 9b. Boots 30 are attached.

  The first cylinder hole 3a and the second cylinder hole 9a have one side surface 11c of the base body 11 as a common processing reference plane for both cylinder holes 3a and 9a, and the first cylinder hole 3a and 9a follow the dimensions from the processing reference plane. 3a, a large diameter portion 3b, a large diameter cylinder portion 9b of the second cylinder hole 9a, a small diameter cylinder portion 9c, a conical portion 9d, and a port (not shown) are formed. Further, the pivot mounting bracket 11b is erected around the one side surface 11c, and the opening sides of both cylinder holes 3a and 9a are protected by the pivot mounting bracket 11b.

  The pivot lever 14 is formed at a shaft mounting portion 14a that is pivotally mounted on the pivot 13, a connecting portion 14b of the wire cable 32 that is a connecting means of the present invention, and an intermediate position between the connecting portion 14b and the shaft mounting portion 14a. The interlocking member pressing arm 14c is provided.

  The interlocking member 15 is attached to a pivoting portion 15 a that is pivotally attached to the pivot 13, and the arcuate master cylinder side that extends from the pivoting portion 15 a and abuts against the distal ends of the first piston 18 and the second piston 24. The contact arm 15b and the slave cylinder side action arm 15c, and the master cylinder side action arm 15b and the slave cylinder side action arm 15c formed at an intermediate position and opposed to the interlocking member pressing arm 14c formed on the rotation lever 14. The arm 15d is integrally provided. An insertion hole 14g for the pivot 13 and the collar 12 is formed in the shaft attaching portion 15a. A spring member 31 that biases the rotating lever 14 to the non-actuated position is provided between the contact arm 15d and the interlocking member pressing arm 14c.

  The brake lever 2 is rotatably attached to a lever bracket 35 that is attached to the inside of the vehicle body in the vicinity of the accelerator grip 34 of the handle bar 33, and is formed into a rod-like body that gently curves substantially along the front of the accelerator grip 34. An operation portion 2a operated by the rider, a shaft attachment portion 2b attached to the lever bracket 35, and a connecting portion 2c of the wire cable 32 are provided. One end of the wire cable 32 is connected to the connecting portion 2c of the brake lever 2 and the other end is connected to the connecting portion 14b of the rotating lever 14. When the operating portion 2a of the brake lever 2 is operated, the rotating lever 14 is moved to the front wheel. The interlocking member pressing arm 14c rotates the contact arm 15d of the interlocking member 15 and rotates the interlocking member 15 toward the front wheel master cylinder 3 side.

  When the brake lever 2 and the brake pedal 6 are in an inoperative state, the interlocking brake mechanism 1 described above is configured such that the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 is connected to the master cylinder side working arm 15b of the interlocking member 15 and the first working arm 15b. The contact portion of the first piston 18 with the tip 18b is located on the side opposite to the base with respect to the center P1 of the pivot 13, and the interlocking slave cylinder 9 includes the slave cylinder side working arm 15c of the interlocking member 15 and the second piston 24. The abutting portion with the distal end portion 24e is located closer to the base than the center P1 of the pivot 13.

  Further, in this non-operating state, from the center P1 of the pivot 13 serving as the rotation shaft to the contact portion between the master cylinder side working arm 15b and the front end portion 18b of the first piston 18 of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3. When the distance from the center P1 to the contact portion between the slave cylinder side working arm 15c and the distal end portion 24e of the second piston 24 of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 is A2, the relationship is A1> A2. And A2 / A1 is the lever ratio of the interlocking member 15. Further, the distance from the non-actuated state to the end of the circlip 21 when the end face of the first dust boot 22 fitted in the annular groove 18c, which is the full stroke amount of the first piston 18, is B1, the full stroke of the second piston 24. When the distance from the non-actuated state of the medium-diameter shaft portion 24b to contact with the large-diameter cylindrical portion 27a of the retaining member 27 is B2, B2 <B1, and the second of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 Even when the piston 24 has made a full stroke, the first piston 18 of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 is formed to be slidable to the full stroke.

  When the brake lever 2 is turned from such an inoperative state, as shown in FIG. 2, the turn lever 14 is turned to the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 side by being pulled by the wire cable 32 and interlocked. The member pressing arm 14c pushes the abutting arm 15d of the interlocking member 15, and the pivot lever 14 and the interlocking member 15 rotate around the pivot 13 toward the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 side. 15 master cylinder side action arms 15b push the first piston 18 into the cylinder hole bottom side against the elastic force of the first return spring 20. Along with this, hydraulic pressure is generated in the hydraulic pressure chamber 19, and hydraulic pressure is supplied from the hydraulic fluid supply port 16 to the front wheel brake 4 via the first hydraulic pressure system 5 to operate the front wheel brake 4.

  Further, when the brake pedal 6 is operated, as shown in FIG. 3, a hydraulic pressure is generated in a hydraulic pressure chamber (not shown) of the rear wheel hydraulic pressure master cylinder 7, and the second hydraulic pressure system 10 is used. Then, hydraulic pressure is supplied to the rear wheel brake 8 to operate the rear wheel brake 8. On the other hand, the hydraulic pressure generated in the hydraulic pressure chamber of the rear wheel hydraulic master cylinder 7 is transferred from the hydraulic fluid inlet 23 of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 to the second cylinder hole 9 a via the second hydraulic system 10. The second piston 24 is supplied and pressed against the cylinder hole opening side against the elastic force of the second return spring 29. Along with this, the tip 24e of the second piston 24 protrudes from the cylinder hole opening, presses the slave cylinder side action arm 15c of the interlocking member 15, and rotates the interlocking member 15 around the pivot 13. When the spring member 31 is extended, the interlocking member 15 rotates independently while the rotation lever 14 is held in a non-operating state, and the master cylinder side working arm 15b operates the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3. The front wheel brake 4 is operated as described above.

  In the interlocking brake mechanism 1 as described above, the interlocking unit 11 including the interlocking slave cylinder 9, the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3, the interlocking member 15, and the rotating lever 14 is placed at an arbitrary position away from the bar handle 33. Therefore, the degree of freedom in layout can be increased and the design can be improved.

  The distance A2 from the center P1 of the pivot 13 to the contact portion between the slave cylinder side working arm 15c and the tip 24e of the second piston 24 of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 is the master cylinder side action from the center P1. Since the distance A1 between the arm 15b and the front end portion 18b of the first piston 18 of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 is smaller than the distance A1, the stroke amount of the second piston 24 of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 is reduced. Thus, the axial length of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 can be shortened, and the interlocking slave cylinder 9 can be formed close to the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 side, so that the brake unit 11 can be reduced in size. Furthermore, while the size of the brake unit 11 is reduced, the first piston 18 of the front-wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 can be sufficiently stroked by the operation of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 according to the lever ratio of the interlocking member 15. it can. Further, the full stroke amount B2 of the second piston 24 of the interlocking slave cylinder 9 is smaller than the full stroke amount B1 of the first piston 18 of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3, and when the second piston 24 has a full stroke, Since the first piston 18 is formed so as not to reach the full stroke, even if the brake pedal 6 is operated strongly, the brake fluid pressure on the front wheel side does not increase more than necessary, and the front wheel brake 4 is brake locked. Or the first return spring 20 of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder 3 is not in close contact. Further, when the brake pedal 6 is operated to operate the front wheel brake 4 by the second hydraulic system 10, and then the brake lever 2 is operated to operate the front wheel brake 4 from the first hydraulic system 5. A good operation feeling can be obtained.

  In addition, this invention is not restricted to the above-mentioned example, The brake operator for rear wheels may be a brake lever. Further, the connecting means of the present invention is not limited to the wire cable as in the above-described embodiment, but may be a rod or a link.

It is a principal section sectional front view of the interlocking brake mechanism which shows one example of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the interlocking | linkage unit when operating the brake lever for front wheels similarly. It is explanatory drawing of the interlocking | linkage unit when operating the brake pedal for rear wheels similarly.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Interlocking brake mechanism, 2 ... Brake lever, 2a ... Operation part, 2b ... Shaft mounting part, 2c ... Connection part, 3 ... Hydraulic master cylinder for front wheels, 3a ... 1st cylinder hole, 3b ... Large diameter part, 4 ... front wheel brake, 5 ... first hydraulic system, 6 ... brake pedal, 8 ... rear wheel brake, 9 ... interlocking slave cylinder, 9a ... second cylinder hole, 9b ... large diameter cylinder part, 9c ... small diameter cylinder part, 9d ... Conical part, 10 ... Second hydraulic system, 11 ... Interlocking unit, 11a ... Base body, 11b ... Pivot mounting bracket, 12 ... Collar, 13 ... Pivot, 14 ... Rotating lever, 14a ... Attached part, 14b ... Connection part, 14c ... Interlocking member pressing arm, 15 ... Interlocking member, 15a ... Attached part, 15b ... Master cylinder side working arm, 15c ... Slave cylinder side working arm, 16 ... Hydraulic fluid supply port, 18 ... First piston, 19 ... Pressure chamber, 20 ... first return spring, 23 ... working fluid inlet, 24 ... second piston, 27 ... stopping member, 28 ... air chamber, 29 ... second return spring, 31 ... spring member, 32 ... wire cable, 33 ... handlebar, 34 ... accelerator grip, 35 ... lever bracket

Claims (2)

In response to the operation of the rear wheel brake operator, hydraulic pressure is supplied from the rear wheel hydraulic master cylinder to the rear wheel brake and the interlocking slave cylinder, and the movement of the piston of the interlocking slave cylinder is performed via the interlocking member. By transmitting to the piston of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder, hydraulic pressure is supplied from the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder to the front wheel brake, and operation of the front wheel brake lever is performed via the interlocking member. In the bar handle vehicle interlocking brake mechanism having an interlocking mechanism that supplies hydraulic pressure from the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder to the front wheel brake by transmitting to the piston of the master cylinder, the interlocking slave cylinder and the front wheel fluid A pressure master cylinder, the interlocking member, and a rotating lever connected to the front wheel brake lever via a connecting means. A cylinder hole of the interlocking slave cylinder and a cylinder hole of the hydraulic master for front wheel are arranged in parallel on the base of the interlocking unit, and both cylinder holes are adjacent to one side of the base. The pivot lever and the interlocking member are pivotally attached to a pivot shaft provided between the openings so as to be swingable along the axial direction of the cylinder hole. A bearing portion on the dynamic shaft, and a master cylinder side working arm and a slave cylinder side action projecting from the shaft fitting portion and contacting the piston end surface of the front wheel hydraulic master cylinder and the piston end surface of the interlocking slave cylinder, respectively. An arm and an abutting arm that abuts on an interlocking member pressing arm provided on the rotating lever are provided, and the rotating lever includes a shaft attaching portion to the rotating shaft, and a connecting portion of the connecting means. , The interlocking part Bar-handle vehicle interlocking brake mechanism, characterized in that the pressing arm is provided. The distance from the center of the rotating shaft to the contact portion between the slave cylinder-side working arm and the piston end surface of the interlocking slave cylinder is determined from the center of the rotating shaft to the master cylinder-side working arm and the front wheel hydraulic pressure. The piston of the hydraulic master cylinder for the front wheels slides to the full stroke, even when the distance is smaller than the distance to the contact portion with the piston end surface of the master cylinder and the piston of the interlocking slave cylinder is full. 2. The interlocking brake mechanism for a bar handle vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the interlock brake mechanism is formed in a possible state.

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