JP2007161501A - Method for production of fermented compost, and the fermented compost - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for production of a fermented compost by which the fermentation and decomposition of bamboo are accelerated to compost the bamboo in a short period of time, and its waste treatment and effective use are achieved. <P>SOLUTION: The fermentation is performed by mixing culture media waste with the pulverized material of bamboo including at least one of young bamboo and the husk of bamboo shoot. The culture media waste is characterized in that its raw material is a non-woody one derived from farm products consisting mainly of sweet corn, rice bran, wheat bran, soybean hull and cotton seed. Since the culture media waste containing no lignin can be obtained by the above production method, the culture media waste itself does not control the rate of fermentation or decomposition and thus, the fermentation of pulverized bamboo material is accelerated. Thereby, bamboo can be composted in a short period of time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for producing fermented compost using organic waste, particularly bamboo as a main raw material.

  In recent years, due to the aging and labor shortage of the digging workers, the poorly managed bamboo forest that has been left without mining edible firewood and then left until it becomes a parent bamboo without cutting the grown young bamboo Is conspicuous. Inadequate management of bamboo forests will lead to invasion of bamboo, reducing water retention, and damage to other trees such as adjacent cedar and cypress, resulting in the loss of beautiful mountains. There is a problem with the surface. For this reason, the effective use of bamboo is desired from the viewpoint of environmental conservation.

An example of effective use of bamboo is compost produced by fermenting bamboo. For example, Patent Document 1 describes that woody biomass such as waste wood or biomass such as bamboo or straw is chipped and the chipped biomass is subjected to lignin decomposition removal treatment using a waste fungus bed. The biomass from which this lignin has been removed is subjected to methane fermentation to use methane gas, and the residue is used as compost.
Moreover, as literature regarding the fungal bed that is the basis of the waste fungal bed, Patent Document 2 describes a nutrient source for cultivation of mushrooms composed of a combination of wheat bran and a nutritional material derived from at least one other agricultural product. Has been.

JP 2005-87940 A Japanese Patent No. 3585032

  By the way, in the process of fermenting organic waste (biomass) and composting, sugars and cellulose contained in organic waste are decomposed from a relatively fast period, but lignin is applied over a long period of year. Slowly decomposes. As described above, when a waste raw material to be composted (particularly woody material) contains a large amount of lignin, decomposition of the lignin becomes rate-determining and there is a problem that composting of organic waste is delayed.

  Regarding this problem, in Patent Document 1, lignin decomposition treatment of organic waste is performed using a waste microbial bed containing white immortalized bacteria, but the raw material composition of the waste microbial bed is not disclosed. Therefore, it is assumed that the composting technique described in Patent Document 1 contains a large amount of wood materials such as cedar chips that are generally used in the waste fungus bed to be used, and lignin derived from this wood material , Composting may take a long time. When composting is prolonged in this way, aged compost with advanced fermentation is obtained, but the remaining components are consumed by microorganisms or released to the outside, and no nutrients in the compost remain. Even if compost with less nutrients is sprayed on the field, the effect as a fertilizer effect is insufficient.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, although the carbon rate of the fungus bed (medium base material) is controlled by the nutrient source for mushroom cultivation, woody materials such as sawdust are used as the fungus bed. Due to the lignin derived from wood materials, composting may take a long time.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fermented compost manufacturing technology that can speed up the fermentation and decomposition of bamboo and compost bamboo in a short period of time, and to treat and effectively use bamboo waste. It is in.

The method for producing fermented compost of the present invention is a method for producing fermented compost having a step of mixing and fermenting a waste microbial bed with bamboo pulverized material, and the raw material of the waste microbial bed is a non-woody material derived from agricultural products. It is characterized by being. Moreover, the fermented compost of this invention is manufactured by the said manufacturing method, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. By using non-wood material derived from agricultural products as the raw material for the waste fungus bed, it is possible to obtain a waste fungus bed that does not contain lignin, so the waste fungus bed itself is not rate-limiting for fermentation and decomposition, and bamboo powder Can be promoted. Thereby, bamboo can be processed and composted in a short period of time. Moreover, since the waste fungus bed becomes an industrial waste for the mushroom grower, it is preferable to use the waste fungus bed from the viewpoint of recycling of organic matter, and the cost of compost production can be reduced.
Here, the waste fungus bed is a fungus bed remaining after cultivating mushrooms on the fungus bed, and the waste fungus bed raw material means the raw material composition of the fungus bed before mushroom cultivation.

  Non-woody materials mainly consist of corn, rice bran, wheat bran, soybean hulls, and cotton seeds. When used as a fungus bed, high-quality mushrooms can be cultivated, and a waste fungus bed that becomes a residue. Nutrients will remain in. When this waste microbial bed contains nutrients, particularly nitrogen components, it becomes a good nutrient in the early stage of composting, prevents nitrogen starvation by microorganisms, and promotes fermentation of bamboo. Furthermore, since the above materials are in a state where some of the fiber is decomposed and contain nutrients while cultivating mushrooms as a fungus bed, when mixed with bamboo, it has immediate effect as a nutrient. It will be shown.

Moreover, bamboo compost can be manufactured in a short period of time, and it can be made into a fully matured compost in a short period of time. This fully-ripened compost is characterized in that readily degradable fibers are completely fermented and decomposed, but the fertilizer components are not consumed by microorganisms but remain.
Here, the proportion of each raw material in the non-woody material is that corn is 30% by mass to 50% by mass, rice bran is 10% by mass to 30% by mass, wheat bran is 10% by mass to 30% by mass, soybean hulls Is preferably 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and cottonseed is preferably 5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.

Corn is mainly crushed material such as grain, cob, and skin, but it contains a lot of nutrients such as nitrogen and is suitable as a nutrient for the fungus bed. It will remain on the floor. Here, the carbon ratio (C / N ratio) is about 33 and the total nitrogen content is about 3.3%, and the corn cob has about a carbon ratio of about 108 and about a total nitrogen content. It is contained by 0.45%. Therefore, if the corn cobs and skins are mainly used, the carbon rate can be adjusted in the range of about 30 to 110, and the carbon rate is suitable for the growth of mushrooms. Acts as a nutritional agent. In addition, since the carbon rate of general sawdust is 200 or more and the average is about 340, corn's nutrients are abundant compared with woody materials.
Here, if the proportion of corn in the non-woody material is less than 30% by mass, the growth itself of the mushrooms may not be greatly affected, but the nutrient remaining in the waste fungus bed is decreased, which is not preferable. If the content ratio of corn exceeds 50% by mass, the content of components described later is decreased, which is not preferable.

Rice bran also contains seed coat and germ powder, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals when brown rice is milled, with a carbon content of about 10.5 and total nitrogen content of about 3.2%. Is abundant. Rice bran contains about 6.7% of total phosphoric acid, about 1.5% of total potassium, and about 2.4% of total clay, and is rich in minerals. Therefore, when rice bran is used as a raw material for the waste fungus bed, the mineral content of the obtained bamboo fermented compost becomes rich, and a high-quality compost can be obtained. Moreover, since the carbon ratio is small, it also functions as an adjuster of the carbon ratio of the fungus bed.
Here, if the proportion of rice bran in the non-woody material is less than 10% by mass, the nutrients and mineral content inherent to rice bran decrease, which is not preferable for the growth of mushrooms, and as a nutrient for composting bamboo Will be insufficient. If the rice bran content exceeds 30% by mass, the carbon ratio may be too small, which not only adversely affects the growth of mushrooms, but also the content of other raw materials decreases, which is not preferable.

  Further, wheat bran is a powdered wheat skin after defatted, contains minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and has a carbon ratio of 70 or more. If wheat bran is used in the fungus bed, good quality mushrooms can be obtained, and the use of rice bran as a raw material for the waste fungus bed also increases the mineral content of the resulting bamboo fermented compost. Obtainable. Here, if the ratio of the wheat bran in the non-woody material is less than 10% by mass, minerals specific to wheat bran cannot be used effectively. Moreover, when it exceeds 30 mass%, the ratio of another raw material will reduce and it is not preferable.

In addition, soybean hulls are processed products of soybean and contain a large amount of water-soluble hemicellulose, and can be a good carbon source when cultivating mushrooms. If soybean hulls remain in the waste fungus bed, water-soluble hemicellulose becomes a nutrient source for microorganisms during composting, and the microorganisms are activated and can be composted well. In addition, legume crops generally contain a lot of nitrogen components, and the nitrogen content of soybean hulls is considered to be a suitable nutrient source and a carbon content adjusting material. Furthermore, soybean hulls are excellent in water retention, and it is considered that the moisture of compost can be suitably retained.
Here, when the proportion of soybean hulls in the non-woody material is less than 10% by mass, the amount of water-soluble hemicellulose contained in the waste fungus bed is reduced, which is insufficient as a nutrient source. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30% by mass, the ratio of other raw materials decreases, which is not desirable.

For cotton seeds, crushed grains are used. Cottonseed has a high nitrogen content, as it is known that the oil content is as high as 5-7%. This not only serves as a nutrient source for the fungus bed but also remains in the waste fungus bed and is effective as a nutrient for composting bamboo. Moreover, phosphoric acid and potassium are contained a lot, and the fertilizer effect of the obtained compost becomes high. Here, if the proportion of cottonseed in the non-woody material is less than 5% by mass, the effect cannot be obtained sufficiently, and if it exceeds 10% by mass, the amount of nitrogen becomes excessive and it can be used as a fungus bed. It is not preferable because it cannot be done.
In addition, if it is derived from agricultural products other than the above, it can be used as a raw material for the waste microbial bed without departing from the above-mentioned conditions, for example, vegetable waste, food waste rice cake, food waste, rice husk, vegetation and other organic matter A small amount of raw material can be used. Moreover, you may add the substance as fertilizer components, such as a shell, bone meal, and fishery processing waste, as needed.

Further, the mass ratio of mixing the pulverized bamboo and the waste microbial bed is 60% to 90% bamboo, and 40% to 10% of the waste microbial bed. In general, bamboo is rich in fiber, so it is difficult to decompose, it takes time to ferment, and it takes a long time to compost, but the waste fungus bed is 10% to 40% by mass. More preferably, if it is mixed as 20% or more and 30% or less, it is sufficiently supplied as a nutrient source, and the fermentation of bamboo can be promoted to speed up composting. Here, when the mass ratio of a waste microbial bed is less than 10%, it is insufficient as a nutrient source, and fermentation is delayed. In addition, when the mass ratio of the waste fungus bed exceeds 40%, the fermentation is sufficiently promoted to enable composting, but the content of the useful component of the bamboo is relatively low, and a good bamboo intended for the bamboo component Compost cannot be obtained.
To put it the other way around, it is possible to differentiate from fermented compost that uses other than bamboo as compost raw material by making bamboo (parent bamboo, young bamboo, husk) more than 60% of the mixing ratio. From this point of view, it becomes a safe fermented compost. It is also possible to select an optimal fermentation method for compost raw materials, particularly an optimal microorganism among useful microorganisms to be mixed.

  Moreover, it is desirable that the bamboo contains at least one of a young bamboo and a husk. Bamboo can produce compost only as parent bamboo, which will be described later, but in addition to parent bamboo, if the fiber contains at least one of young bamboo and birch containing soft nutrients, these function as nutrients, And since it hardly contains the hardly degradable lignin, it becomes easier to ferment and it can manufacture bamboo compost in a shorter period of time.

  Here, bamboo will be described. Bamboo is broadly divided into parent bamboo, young bamboo, and cocoon depending on the degree of growth. Wakatake refers to bamboo that had been grown before it became a parent bamboo. It was not edible as an edible mushroom and grew so that it was no longer edible. Speaking of the most common sect of bamboo in Japan, it is different depending on where it grows, but it usually has a height of about 1 to 4 meters (about 1 week to 1 month from the surface). A parent bamboo is a bamboo that has grown further and is usually harder than 1 year. Bamboo up to about 1st year does not function as a parent bamboo, and the bamboo quality is soft, so it may be classified as a young bamboo. Sometimes. In this way, the classification method is not fixed, and is often called from the properties of bamboo.

  On the other hand, salmon is a seasonal product, and a small portion of it is sold to general consumers in a state where it has been dug out, but most of it is boiled in water that has been peeled off at the establishment where the salmon is boiled. It is sold all year round. In establishments that process boiled potatoes, a large amount of husks are generated at one time, and the treatment of the husks is a major problem. In this specification, cocoon means the edible part which does not contain a skin, and distinguishes it from a cocoon (however, a husk is a part of bamboo). Therefore, if the husk is used, a large amount of husk generated in the boiled potato processing plant can be processed, which is effective from the viewpoint of environmental conservation.

  Here, as a breakdown of the bamboo, it is desirable that the total bamboo content, that is, the content of the young bamboo + skin among the parent bamboo + young bamboo + skin is 30% to 50% by mass, which is a nutrient source of microorganisms. In addition, fermenting and composting of parent bamboo can be further accelerated. It is also possible to treat both parent bamboos and young bamboos that stand up in the forest, and the husks discharged from the boiled water processing plant at the same time. When the total amount of young bamboo and husk is less than 30% by mass, since there are many parent bamboos, it takes time for fermentation and decomposition, and the effect of early composting is small. In addition, if the total amount of the young bamboo and husk exceeds 50% by mass, it is not suitable for mass processing of the parent bamboo.

  A feature of the present invention is a method for producing fermented compost in which a waste microbial bed is mixed and fermented with a ground bamboo, and the raw material of the waste microbial bed is a non-woody material derived from agricultural products. By such a production method, it is possible to obtain a waste microbial bed that does not contain lignin. Therefore, the waste microbial bed itself does not control the rate of fermentation / decomposition, and can promote the fermentation of bamboo powder. Thereby, bamboo can be processed and composted in a short period of time.

Hereinafter, a manufacturing process will be described with respect to an embodiment of the present invention.
Crush the main bamboo, young bamboo, and husks of 孟 mune bamboo, which is the raw material for compost, to about 1 cm or less. Moreover, a waste microbial bed is obtained from a mushroom manufacturing factory, and it grind | pulverizes so that it may become about 1 cm or less beforehand. Then, by mass ratio, about 500 kg of parent bamboo, about 300 kg of young bamboo, and about 200 kg of waste fungus bed are mixed to obtain a mixture of about 1 ton before fermentation. In addition, the total amount of the mixture is not limited to this, and molasses may be added as a fermentation aid and can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the production status. This mixture is inoculated with useful microorganisms to initiate fermentation. In the present invention, the temperature reached 70 ° C. in 2 to 3 days after the start of fermentation, which was about 1 to 2 days faster than about 4 days, which is a period required by a normal fermentation method. Moreover, the conventional management method can be employ | adopted for the turning-back and temperature management accompanying composting. The useful microorganism is a useful microorganism in which anaerobic microorganisms and aerobic microorganisms coexist, and is one or more of actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, filamentous fungi, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and koji molds. It can also be used.
If compost is manufactured as described above, bamboo compost can be obtained in a required period of about one month to one and a half months.

Example 1
The analysis results of the bamboo compost of the present invention are shown in Table 1. The total amount of nitrogen is 0.88%, the total amount of phosphoric acid is 0.45%, and the total amount of potassium is 1.1%, which can be expected as a fertilizer effect of compost. Moreover, since 2% of lime is contained, it can be expected as a soil conditioner.

注：肥料分析法によった。

Note: According to fertilizer analysis.

(Example 2)
Further, spinach was cultivated using the compost of the present invention, and the handle of the harvested spinach petiole and the nitrate nitrogen (mg / kg) of the blade were examined and shown in Table 2. In addition, as a control, seven sections were provided as an example using conventional compost, and the amount of fertilization was tested under the same conditions.

  As shown in Table 2, those using bamboo compost were able to significantly reduce nitrate nitrogen in spinach as the order was different. Nitrate nitrogen is significantly higher when fertilizer is applied excessively or in cultivation where nitrate nitrogen is applied as a fertilizer form, such as hydroponics. . In the bamboo compost of the present invention, it is surmised that the nitrogen component contained in the bamboo compost works slowly, the minimum nitrogen content is supplied to the spinach, and the increase in nitrate nitrogen is suppressed. In addition, the spinach grown with this compost was of high quality that grew well during the growing period and kept for a long time after harvesting.

  The present invention is a technology for producing fermented compost using bamboo effectively, and effectively uses young bamboo and parent bamboo that accompany bamboo forest management, and husks generated in the boiled processing plant for bamboo shoots in the agricultural scene. can do.

Claims (5)

  A method for producing fermented compost comprising a step of mixing fermented waste bed with fermented bamboo bed, wherein the raw material of the waste fungus bed is a non-woody material derived from agricultural products. Production method.   The method for producing fermented compost according to claim 1, wherein the non-woody material mainly comprises corn, rice bran, wheat bran, soybean hulls, and cottonseed.   The method for producing fermented compost according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a mass mixing ratio of the bamboo pulverized product and the waste fungus bed is 60% to 90% bamboo and 40% to 10% waste fungus bed.   The method for producing fermented compost according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bamboo includes at least one of young bamboo and husk.   Fermented compost produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.