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JP2007007267A - Bone density measuring device - Google Patents

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JP2007007267A
JP2007007267A JP2005194017A JP2005194017A JP2007007267A JP 2007007267 A JP2007007267 A JP 2007007267A JP 2005194017 A JP2005194017 A JP 2005194017A JP 2005194017 A JP2005194017 A JP 2005194017A JP 2007007267 A JP2007007267 A JP 2007007267A
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bone
bone density
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Shigeo Tanaka
茂雄 田中
Masamichi Nogawa
雅道 野川
Kenichi Yamakoshi
憲一 山越
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Kanazawa University NUC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4504—Bones
    • A61B5/4509—Bone density determination
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
    • A61B5/414—Evaluating particular organs or parts of the immune or lymphatic systems
    • A61B5/417—Evaluating particular organs or parts of the immune or lymphatic systems the bone marrow

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Abstract

【課題】 小型・低価格の非侵襲的骨密度計測装置の提供
【解決手段】骨密度計測装置の計測部は、近赤外光を発光する発光部（ＬＥＤ）１１０と、計測対象の骨を介して受光する受光部（フォトダイオード・アレイ）１２０とで構成されている。発光部１１０、受光部１２０は、制御部１４０と接続されている。制御部１４０は、発光部１１０の発光を制御し、受光部１２０から計測値を入力し、骨密度として表示する。
皮膚１３２及び骨１３４で反射・散乱した光は、１列に並べられたフォトダイオード１２０により検出される。遠いフォトダイオードでは、皮膚からの反射・散乱光の影響を受けず、より深部にある骨の密度特性を反映した反射・散乱光が検出される。発光ダイオードから遠いフォトダイオードから得られた反射・散乱光強度の空間分布を解析することで骨密度情報のみを抽出することができる。
【選択図】図１
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small and low-cost noninvasive bone density measuring device. A measuring unit of a bone density measuring device includes a light emitting unit (LED) 110 that emits near infrared light, and a bone to be measured. And a light receiving portion (photodiode array) 120 that receives light through the light receiving portion. The light emitting unit 110 and the light receiving unit 120 are connected to the control unit 140. The control unit 140 controls light emission of the light emitting unit 110, inputs a measurement value from the light receiving unit 120, and displays it as bone density.
The light reflected and scattered by the skin 132 and the bone 134 is detected by the photodiodes 120 arranged in a line. A far photodiode detects the reflected / scattered light reflecting the density characteristics of the deeper bone without being affected by the reflected / scattered light from the skin. By analyzing the spatial distribution of reflected / scattered light intensity obtained from a photodiode far from the light emitting diode, only bone density information can be extracted.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

本発明は、光を利用して、骨密度を計測する骨密度計測装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a bone density measuring apparatus for measuring bone density using light.

現在、わが国の骨粗鬆症患者数は、約１０００万人と言われており、将来の高齢化社会にとって、骨粗鬆症は深刻な問題の一つと言える。骨粗鬆症は、生活習慣が大きな原因となりえるため、日頃から骨密度を計測して骨の状態を知る必要がある。現在使用されている主な骨密度計測器は、Ｘ線や超音波を利用するため、大型で高価である。そのため、これらの機器を用いて、個人が日常的に骨密度をセルフチェックすることは難しい。
一方、光センシング法による生体情報計測は、主に、血中酸素飽和度測定などの非侵襲的計測に応用され、既に実用化されている。これらの例では、酸化ヘモグロビンや糖の特定吸収波長を利用することで、これらを定量化することに成功している。現在では、小型で安価な高性能の発光ダイオードやフォトダイオードが利用できるようになったために、光センシング法による生体情報計測法は飛躍的に応用範囲が広がるものと期待されている。 Currently, the number of osteoporosis patients in Japan is said to be about 10 million, and it can be said that osteoporosis is one of the serious problems for the future aging society. Since osteoporosis can be a major cause of lifestyle habits, it is necessary to measure bone density on a daily basis to know the state of bone. The main bone density measuring instruments currently used are large and expensive because they use X-rays and ultrasonic waves. For this reason, it is difficult for an individual to self-check bone density on a daily basis using these devices.
On the other hand, biological information measurement by an optical sensing method is mainly applied to noninvasive measurement such as blood oxygen saturation measurement and has already been put into practical use. In these examples, by using the specific absorption wavelength of oxyhemoglobin or sugar, they have been successfully quantified. At present, since small and inexpensive high-performance light-emitting diodes and photodiodes can be used, it is expected that the biological information measurement method based on the optical sensing method will dramatically expand the application range.

本発明の目的は、上述した、光センシング法を骨密度の非侵襲的計測に適用して、小型・低価格の非侵襲的骨密度計測装置を提供することである。そして、これにより、個人が日常的に骨密度の計測を行えるようにすることである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized and low-cost non-invasive bone density measuring device by applying the above-described optical sensing method to non-invasive measurement of bone density. And this is to enable individuals to measure bone density on a daily basis.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、発光部と、該発光部からの光の反射・散乱光を受ける、複数の受光素子を並べた受光部と、前記発光部と前記受光部とに接続して、前記発光部を制御し、前記受光部からの信号を入力して、複数の受光素子で受けた反射・散乱光の強度分布の傾きから骨密度として表示する制御部とを備えることを特徴とする骨密度計測装置である。
前記発光部は、近赤外光を発生する発光ダイオードとし、前記受光部は、複数のフォトダイオードを並べたフォトダイオード・アレイとするとよい。 To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a light emitting section, a light receiving section in which a plurality of light receiving elements that receive reflected / scattered light from the light emitting section are arranged, and the light emitting section and the light receiving section. A controller for connecting and controlling the light emitting unit, inputting a signal from the light receiving unit, and displaying as a bone density from an inclination of an intensity distribution of reflected / scattered light received by a plurality of light receiving elements; Is a bone density measuring device characterized by
The light emitting unit may be a light emitting diode that generates near infrared light, and the light receiving unit may be a photodiode array in which a plurality of photodiodes are arranged.

本発明では、上述したように、骨における光の散乱を計測することにより、小型・低価格の非侵襲的骨密度計測装置が実現できる。これにより、個人が日常的に骨密度の計測を行える。   In the present invention, as described above, a small-sized and low-cost noninvasive bone density measuring device can be realized by measuring light scattering in bone. Thereby, an individual can measure bone density on a daily basis.

本発明では、光を利用した空間分解分光法を用いた骨密度計測装置を構成した。図面を用いて、本発明の骨密度計測装置を説明する。本発明は、骨組織の光の反射・散乱特定を利用することで、骨密度を非侵襲的に計測できる装置である。ここで「骨組織」は、骨とそれを取り囲む骨髄から構成されたものである。また「骨」とはハイドキシアパタイトとコラーゲン線維を主成分とする骨基質（Bone matrix）を意味している。さらに「骨密度」とはこの「骨」の空間占有率または多孔率を単位空間当りの重量で示したものを意味し、それを計測するのが、以下に説明する骨密度計測装置である。
図１は本発明の骨密度計測装置の概略構成を示す模式図である。図１において、骨密度計測装置の計測部は、光を発光する発光部１１０と、計測対象の骨を介して受光する受光部１２０とで構成されている。発光部１１０、受光部１２０は、制御部１４０と接続されている。制御部１４０は、発光部１１０の発光を制御し、受光部１２０から計測値を入力し、骨密度として表示する。
発光部１１０は例えば発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）を用いている。受光部１２０は、図示のものでは受光素子であるフォトダイオード（ＰＤ）を１６個一列に並べたアレイである。発光ダイオードから発光される光は、生体透過性にすぐれているため、近赤外光が望ましい。
発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）１１０より発せられた近赤外光は、皮膚１３２の上から骨１３４へ向けて照射される。照射された近赤外光は、骨１３４に達し、そこで拡散反射した光が皮膚上に並べられたフォトダイオード１２０により検出される。フォトダイオード１２０で検出される拡散反射光強度は、骨密度を反映しているために、この値から骨密度を評価することができる。 In the present invention, a bone density measuring apparatus using spatially resolved spectroscopy using light is configured. The bone density measuring device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is an apparatus that can measure bone density non-invasively by utilizing light reflection / scattering identification of bone tissue. Here, “bone tissue” is composed of bone and bone marrow surrounding it. “Bone” means a bone matrix composed mainly of hydroxyapatite and collagen fibers. Furthermore, the “bone density” means the space occupancy rate or porosity of the “bone” indicated by the weight per unit space, and the bone density measuring device described below measures this.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a bone density measuring apparatus of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the measuring unit of the bone density measuring apparatus includes a light emitting unit 110 that emits light and a light receiving unit 120 that receives light via a bone to be measured. The light emitting unit 110 and the light receiving unit 120 are connected to the control unit 140. The control unit 140 controls light emission of the light emitting unit 110, inputs a measurement value from the light receiving unit 120, and displays it as bone density.
The light emitting unit 110 uses, for example, a light emitting diode (LED). In the illustrated example, the light receiving unit 120 is an array in which 16 photodiodes (PD), which are light receiving elements, are arranged in a line. Since the light emitted from the light emitting diode is excellent in biological permeability, near infrared light is desirable.
Near-infrared light emitted from the light emitting diode (LED) 110 is irradiated from above the skin 132 toward the bone 134. The irradiated near-infrared light reaches the bone 134, and the diffusely reflected light is detected by the photodiode 120 arranged on the skin. Since the diffuse reflected light intensity detected by the photodiode 120 reflects the bone density, the bone density can be evaluated from this value.

骨１３４を覆う皮膚の厚さの違いが測定データへ与える影響を除くために、本発明では、皮膚と骨の吸収・散乱特性の違いから生じる拡散反射強度分布の違いに着目して、骨からだけの光情報を抽出する。
骨からだけの光情報を抽出するために、本発明では、図１に示すように、１６個のフォトダイオードを１列に並べたフォトダイオード・アレイを用い、発光ダイオード１１０に近いフォトダイオードでは、表層の皮膚からの反射・散乱光が検出されるのに対し、遠いフォトダイオードでは、皮膚からの反射・散乱光よりも、より深部にある骨の密度特性を反映した反射・散乱光が検出されることを利用している。
これにより、発光ダイオードから遠いフォトダイオードから得られた反射・散乱光強度の空間分布を解析することで骨密度情報のみを抽出することができる。 In order to eliminate the influence of the difference in the thickness of the skin covering the bone 134 on the measurement data, the present invention focuses on the difference in the diffuse reflection intensity distribution resulting from the difference in the absorption and scattering characteristics of the skin and the bone, Just extract the light information.
In order to extract light information only from bone, the present invention uses a photodiode array in which 16 photodiodes are arranged in a row as shown in FIG. Reflected / scattered light from the skin of the surface layer is detected, while a distant photodiode detects reflected / scattered light that reflects the density characteristics of bones deeper than reflected / scattered light from the skin. Is using that.
Thereby, only the bone density information can be extracted by analyzing the spatial distribution of the reflected / scattered light intensity obtained from the photodiode far from the light emitting diode.

実際に、牛大腿骨から採取した海綿骨チップをゼラチンに混ぜた模擬骨組織を計測した結果を以下に示す。用意した模擬骨組織の空間密度が、０．０２，０．０９，０．２４，および０．３４ｇ／ｃｍ３となるように、ゼラチンと海綿骨チップを混ぜた。作製した模擬骨サンプルの上は厚さ６ｍｍのゼラチンで覆い、模擬皮膚層とした。使用した近赤外発光ダイオードはピーク波長７５０ｎｍであり、フォトダイオード・アレイは１６素子シリコン・フォトダイオード・アレイを使用した。発光ダイオードとフォトダイオード・アレイとは約３．５ｍｍの間隔で近接させ、サンプル上に配置した。 The results of actually measuring simulated bone tissue in which cancellous bone chips collected from bovine femur were mixed with gelatin are shown below. Gelatin and cancellous bone chips were mixed so that the spatial density of the prepared simulated bone tissue was 0.02, 0.09, 0.24, and 0.34 g / cm 3 . The prepared simulated bone sample was covered with gelatin having a thickness of 6 mm to form a simulated skin layer. The near-infrared light emitting diode used had a peak wavelength of 750 nm, and a 16-element silicon photodiode array was used as the photodiode array. The light emitting diode and the photodiode array were placed close to each other at a distance of about 3.5 mm and placed on the sample.

図２（ａ）は、各模擬骨組織サンプルに対する反射・散乱光強度の空間分布を示している。反射・散乱光強度は、海綿骨チップ密度が増加すると全体的に増加する傾向を示した。特に、その傾向は、発光ダイオードに近いフォトダイオード（ＰＤ）での強度分布で強く現れた。海綿骨チップ密度の違いをより反映している遠い位置のフォトダイオードにおける反射・散乱光強度分布の傾き（近似直線から算出）と海綿骨チップ密度との関係を調べた。   FIG. 2A shows the spatial distribution of reflected / scattered light intensity for each simulated bone tissue sample. The reflected / scattered light intensity tended to increase as the cancellous bone tip density increased. In particular, the tendency is strongly manifested in the intensity distribution in the photodiode (PD) close to the light emitting diode. The relationship between the slope of the reflected / scattered light intensity distribution (calculated from the approximate line) and the cancellous bone tip density in a photodiode at a distant location that more reflects the difference in the cancellous bone tip density was investigated.

図２（ｂ）は、９番から１６番までのフォトダイオードにおける反射・散乱光強度の空間分布の傾きと海綿骨チップ密度との相関関係を調べた結果である。両者は、強い正の相関（ｒ２＝０．９５０）を示し、この結果から、反射・散乱光強度の空間分布の傾きを用いて、骨密度を非侵襲的に計測可能であるといえる。 FIG. 2 (b) shows the results of examining the correlation between the slope of the spatial distribution of the reflected / scattered light intensity and the cancellous bone tip density in the photodiodes Nos. 9 to 16. FIG. Both show a strong positive correlation (r 2 = 0.950). From this result, it can be said that the bone density can be measured non-invasively using the slope of the spatial distribution of reflected / scattered light intensity.

図３は、同一海綿骨チップ密度（０．２４ｇ／ｃｍ３）で、ゼラチン層（模擬皮膚層）の厚さを変えた場合の、反射・散乱光強度分布の傾きの違いを調べた結果である。なお、強度分布の傾きは９番から１６番のフォトダイオードにおいて、調べたものである。ゼラチン層（模擬皮膚層）の厚さが増加すると、傾きが減少する傾向があるものの、３つのサンプルにおいて、統計的な有意差は確認できなかった。このため、皮膚層の厚さが測定結果へ与える影響は、より小さいと考えられる。 FIG. 3 shows the results of examining the difference in the slope of the reflected / scattered light intensity distribution when the thickness of the gelatin layer (simulated skin layer) is changed with the same cancellous bone tip density (0.24 g / cm 3 ). is there. Note that the slope of the intensity distribution was examined in the 9th to 16th photodiodes. As the thickness of the gelatin layer (simulated skin layer) increased, the slope tended to decrease, but no statistically significant difference could be confirmed in the three samples. For this reason, it is thought that the influence which the thickness of a skin layer has on a measurement result is smaller.

＜他の実施形態＞
受光部であるフォトダイオード・アレイの配置は、図１のように、一列に並べて１方向の分布を計測する構成でなくともよい。例えば、図４（ａ），（ｂ）のように放射状または同心円状にフォトダイオード・アレイ１２０を配置してもよい。このような配置は、複数の方向の分布を計測することにより、装置の測定領域への当て方の違いで生じる誤差を低減させる効果がある。
発光ダイオードから近いフォトダイオードで検出される反射・散乱光強度は、表層の皮膚の状態をより強く反映しているため、この情報を利用することで遠いフォトダイオードで得られる骨密度情報の精度をさらに向上させることも可能である。また上述では、１つの波長を用いて、骨密度との相関を得ているが、用いる波長は１つとは限らない。２つの波長の光を順次発光し、２つの波長を順次受光して、両波長での反射・散乱光強度の比を利用することで、皮膚の厚さの違いなどに起因する光路長変化が及ぼす測定値誤差をキャンセルするとともにこの比から骨密度を算出することも可能である。また、皮膚以外の組織（骨髄や筋肉）などの影響を取り除くために、２つ以上の波長での計測も考えられる。この場合、各波長での反射・散乱光強度と使用波長、骨密度、妨害組織存在率などの関係を表したデータベースを構築し、それを利用して骨密度を予測する方法が考えられる。このようなデータベースを基にした真値予測アルゴリズムとしてはルックアップ・テーブル法、ニューラルネットワーク、または多変量解析法などを含む。 <Other embodiments>
As shown in FIG. 1, the arrangement of the photodiode array serving as the light receiving unit does not have to be a configuration in which the distribution in one direction is measured in a line. For example, the photodiode array 120 may be arranged radially or concentrically as shown in FIGS. Such an arrangement has an effect of reducing an error caused by a difference in how the apparatus is applied to the measurement region by measuring a distribution in a plurality of directions.
The reflected / scattered light intensity detected by a photodiode close to the light emitting diode more strongly reflects the skin condition of the surface layer, so this information can be used to improve the accuracy of bone density information obtained with a distant photodiode. Further improvement is also possible. In the above description, the correlation with the bone density is obtained using one wavelength, but the wavelength used is not limited to one. By sequentially emitting light of two wavelengths, receiving the two wavelengths sequentially, and using the ratio of reflected / scattered light intensity at both wavelengths, optical path length changes due to differences in skin thickness, etc. It is possible to cancel the measured value error and calculate the bone density from this ratio. Moreover, in order to remove the influence of tissues (bone marrow and muscle) other than the skin, measurement at two or more wavelengths can be considered. In this case, a method is conceivable in which a database representing the relationship between the reflected / scattered light intensity at each wavelength and the used wavelength, bone density, disturbing tissue presence rate, etc. is constructed and the bone density is predicted using the database. The true value prediction algorithm based on such a database includes a look-up table method, a neural network, or a multivariate analysis method.

以上のように、発明した装置では、拡散反射モードでの空間分布分解分光法により、骨密度の定量評価を行っている。反射・散乱光のみを利用するこの方式では、従来の骨密度の計測法であるＸ線方式（ＤＥＸＡ）や超音波方式のように、透過信号を反対側で検出する必要がないため、図５に示すように、装置全体を小型化して簡便に使用することが可能である。なお、図５では、計測対象である腕の骨２００に当てている光（近赤外光）を示すために、受光部１２０は図示していない。
さらに、発明した装置では、汎用のＬＥＤとフォトダイオードが利用可能であるため、Ｘ線や超音波を用いた従来機に比べて、大幅な低コスト化となる。 As described above, in the invented apparatus, the bone density is quantitatively evaluated by the spatial distribution decomposition spectroscopy in the diffuse reflection mode. In this method using only reflected / scattered light, there is no need to detect a transmission signal on the opposite side as in the conventional X-ray method (DEXA) or ultrasonic method, which is a bone density measuring method. As shown in FIG. 2, the entire apparatus can be reduced in size and used easily. In FIG. 5, the light receiving unit 120 is not shown in order to show light (near-infrared light) applied to the bone 200 of the arm to be measured.
Furthermore, in the invented apparatus, general-purpose LEDs and photodiodes can be used, so that the cost is significantly reduced compared to conventional machines using X-rays or ultrasonic waves.

本格的な高齢化社会を迎えようとしているわが国にとって、高齢者の生活の質を高く維持することができるかが社会的重要課題となっている。骨粗鬆症の防止のためには、骨密度減少を普段から把握する必要がある。本発明の装置を利用することにより、骨密度計測を、体温測定のような日常的な自己検査レベルへ引き下げることが可能となる。
また、宇宙開発では、無重力が原因で生じる乗務員の筋肉組織及び骨密度の減少が問題となっている。これが原因で、地上へ帰還後、乗務員は満足に歩行すらできなくなっており、特に骨密度回復には、長期リハビリが必要となっている。現在のところ、宇宙飛行中の骨密度を維持するために、無重力中でのエクササイズが推奨されているものの、骨密度の減少は急激に進行することから、常に骨密度の状態をチェックすることが肝心である。
本発明の装置は、小型軽量であるため、限られた船内空間と限られた重量が要求される宇宙飛行中の骨密度計測に最適である。 For Japan, which is about to enter a full-fledged aging society, it is an important social issue to be able to maintain the quality of life of the elderly at a high level. In order to prevent osteoporosis, it is necessary to grasp the decrease in bone density. By utilizing the device of the present invention, bone density measurement can be reduced to a routine self-examination level such as body temperature measurement.
In space development, a decrease in crew's muscle tissue and bone density caused by weightlessness is a problem. Because of this, after returning to the ground, the crew cannot even walk satisfactorily, and long-term rehabilitation is required especially for bone density recovery. At present, in order to maintain bone density during space flight, exercise in weightlessness is recommended, but since bone density decreases rapidly, it is always possible to check the condition of bone density. It is important.
Since the device of the present invention is small and light, it is most suitable for bone density measurement in space flight requiring a limited space on board and a limited weight.

本発明の骨密度計測装置の概略構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the bone density measuring apparatus of this invention. （ａ）模擬骨組織サンプルに対する反射・散乱光の空間分布を示すグラフである。（ｂ）反射・散乱光強度分布の傾きと海綿骨チップ密度との相関関係を調べた結果である。(A) It is a graph which shows the spatial distribution of the reflected and scattered light with respect to the simulation bone tissue sample. (B) It is the result of investigating the correlation between the inclination of the reflected / scattered light intensity distribution and the cancellous bone tip density. ゼラチン層の厚さを変えた場合の、反射・散乱光強度分布の傾きの違いを示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the difference in the inclination of reflected / scattered light intensity distribution at the time of changing the thickness of a gelatin layer. 複数方向で、反射・散乱光強度分布を計測するために、（ａ）放射方向や（ｂ）同心円方向にフォトダイオード・アレイを配置した構成例である。This is a configuration example in which photodiode arrays are arranged in (a) a radiation direction and (b) a concentric direction in order to measure a reflected / scattered light intensity distribution in a plurality of directions. 本発明の骨密度計測装置を小型化して、骨密度を計測している様子を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a mode that the bone density measuring apparatus of this invention is reduced in size and bone density is measured.

Claims (2)

発光部と
該発光部からの光の反射・散乱光を受ける、複数の受光素子を並べた受光部と、
前記発光部と前記受光部とに接続して、前記発光部を制御し、前記受光部からの信号を入力して、複数の受光素子で受けた反射・散乱光の強度分布の傾きから骨密度として表示する制御部と
を備えることを特徴とする骨密度計測装置。 A light-receiving unit arranged with a plurality of light-receiving elements that receive reflected / scattered light from the light-emitting unit; and
Connected to the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit to control the light emitting unit, input signals from the light receiving unit, and the bone density from the gradient of the intensity distribution of reflected / scattered light received by a plurality of light receiving elements A bone density measuring apparatus comprising: a control unit that displays as: 請求項１に記載の骨密度計測装置において、
前記発光部は、近赤外光を発生する発光ダイオードであり、
前記受光部は、複数のフォトダイオードを並べたフォトダイオード・アレイである
ことを特徴とする骨密度計測装置。
In the bone density measuring device according to claim 1,
The light emitting unit is a light emitting diode that generates near infrared light,
The bone density measuring apparatus, wherein the light receiving unit is a photodiode array in which a plurality of photodiodes are arranged.
JP2005194017A 2005-07-01 2005-07-01 Bone density measuring device Pending JP2007007267A (en)

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