JP2007006573A - Power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

A power supply system for leveling each load pattern in a commercial facility or factory without using a distributed power supply is provided.
Means for collecting power demand information relating to a load 8 of a target electric power user and means for collecting information relating to power supply of a plurality of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) 20 in a parking lot 9 7. In order to balance the supply and demand from these collected information, a HEV 20 that can supply power and a supply and demand control center 10 that sets an output command value to the selected HEV 20 are provided.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system that performs supply and demand adjustment when supplying electric power from a hybrid electric vehicle to load demand and its operation.

  With the growing interest in the global environment, such as the reduction of CO2 emissions, the introduction of natural energy and energy conservation are attracting attention. Looking at trends in primary energy consumption in Japan, transportation and consumer use have shown significant growth.

  As for the reduction of transportation energy, there is an improvement in the fuel efficiency of a gasoline vehicle. However, by using a hybrid electric vehicle, there is a possibility that a higher fuel efficiency can be obtained (see Non-Patent Document 1).

  In commercial facilities and factories, cogeneration with a distributed power source such as a gas engine is increasing for energy saving and cost reduction against the backdrop of deregulation of electric power. The purpose of introducing cogeneration is to increase energy use efficiency including heat use, reduce the environmental load and simultaneously reduce costs, and adjust the pattern of power purchased from commercial grids by introducing distributed power sources, The purpose is to reduce the electricity charge paid to the power company. For the latter, an effect can be expected even when heat utilization is not assumed.

  The concept of supplying electricity from a stopped electric vehicle has been introduced as a form of energy utilization in the future (see Non-Patent Document 2). In addition, a proposal has been made to supply fuel (hydrogen) to a fuel cell vehicle using a fuel production apparatus of a stationary distributed power source such as a building (see Patent Document 1).

  Furthermore, a proposal has been made regarding a system that converts DC power collected from a group of fuel cell vehicles into AC using a connected inverter, supplies the load to a load, and sells power to a commercial system (see Patent Document 2).

"Latest Technology of Electric Vehicle" (The Institute of Electrical Engineers, Electric Vehicle Drive System Research Committee, 1999) "PEOPLE POWER" (NEWSWEEK SEPT.6 / SEPT.13, 2004) JP 2001-240501 A JP 2002-8673 A

  From the viewpoint of reducing environmental impact, it is desirable to introduce an electric vehicle with high fuel efficiency. However, the cost is higher than that of a gasoline vehicle, and it is difficult to introduce an electric vehicle, particularly when it is mainly used only when commuting.

  On the other hand, in commercial facilities and factories, each load (demand) pattern is adjusted to equalize the purchased power from the commercial grid, reduce the burden on the commercial grid, and reduce the electricity bill paid to the power company. Is desirable. However, in order to cope with a heavy daytime load, it is indispensable to supply power by a distributed power source or the like. In order for a commercial facility or factory to introduce a distributed power source on its own, equipment costs are high, so there are only a few places where a distributed power source can be installed.

  Therefore, it is conceivable to replace a plurality of electric vehicles with the distributed power source. The method of Patent Document 2 is an excellent method in terms of collecting electric power from a plurality of fuel cell vehicles, but it is necessary to prepare a large-capacity interconnected inverter. There is a problem that the device is more expensive than an AC circuit breaker.

  An electric vehicle uses an alternating current output to generate a driving force by an electric motor. If this AC output is used, the above-described interconnected inverter is not necessary, but an appropriate AC output cannot be obtained simply by combining the outputs of the electric vehicles.

  In view of the above-described problems of the prior art, the problem of the present invention is that AC power can be collected from a plurality of electric vehicles and supplied to the load of the target facility without independently introducing a distributed power source in a commercial facility or factory. It is to provide a power supply system and an operation method.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a hybrid electric vehicle (hereinafter abbreviated as HEV) that uses both mechanical power of a prime mover (engine) and electricity generated by the prime mover is combined with a load of a commercial facility or factory, A system for supplying power is constructed using HEV.

  The power supply system of the present invention has communication means for collecting information on a load of a target power user and communication means for collecting information on power supply of a plurality of hybrid electric vehicles. In order to balance supply and demand from the information, a control unit is provided for selecting a hybrid electric vehicle that supplies power to the load and setting an output command value.

  In the HEV, based on a command from the supply and demand adjustment center, information for supplying predetermined AC power to a consumer's load, and AC in the customer distribution system for determining characteristics of AC generated in the HEV Measurement and communication means are provided to send information on the characteristics.

  When operating the supply and demand adjustment system by HEV, if the HEV owners are a contractor A, a consumer who uses electricity is a contractor B, and a service provider is a contractor C, the contractor C is a contractor. A, contract with contractor B on power supply service by HEV. The contractor A predetermines power supply conditions, compensation amount for power supply, and the like, and the contractor B predetermines operation conditions related to supply and demand adjustment, power charges and supply and demand adjustment service charges.

  Contractor B's HEV supplies power to contractor B from contractor A's HEV. On the other hand, the contractor B pays the contractor C a power charge and a supply and demand adjustment service charge. The power supply of the contractor A is made possible only by the supply and demand adjustment of the contractor C, and performance compensation is made from the contractor C to the contractor A.

  According to the supply and demand adjustment system by HEV of the present invention, each load (demand) pattern is leveled by collecting AC power from a plurality of electric vehicles in a commercial facility or factory without independently introducing a distributed power source. Power costs can be reduced. Thereby, not only a consumer obtains the merit of electric power cost reduction, but part of the merit of the electric power cost reduction is returned to the HEV owner. In addition, it can be expected to promote the spread of electric vehicles with high fuel efficiency, which is desirable for reducing environmental impact.

  Hereinafter, a plurality of embodiments according to the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a supply and demand adjustment system according to an embodiment of the power supply system of the present invention. In the premises 2 of the contractor B who is a consumer, the electric power received from the commercial grid 1 is supplied to the premises load 8 by the distribution line 4 in the premises substation 3. Electric power supplied from an HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) 20 parked in the on-site parking lot 9 is supplied to the load 8 via the low-voltage distribution line 5, the voltage conversion device 25, and the distribution line 4. In the on-site parking lot 9, the HEV 20 to be supplied with power is determined in advance. In addition, the car 21 in a parking place where power supply is not performed is also parked.

  Information relating to the plurality of loads 8 and received power is sent to the monitoring control device in the supply and demand control center 10 via the communication line 6 and information relating to the HEV 20 via the communication line 7.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of HEV (a driving part of a series electric vehicle). The drive part is composed of an engine 30, a fuel tank 33, a generator 31, a secondary battery 32, a motor 34, and the like. The electricity generated by the generator 31 is converted into a direct current by the rectifier 36 and stored in the secondary battery 32. When output is required, the electricity of the secondary battery 32 is converted into alternating current by the inverter 37 and supplied to the electric motor 34 to obtain the driving force of the wheels 35. Information necessary for control is collected by the controller 38 through the communication line 40.

  Furthermore, in order to supply electric power to the load 8 of the customer premises 2, a flexible power line 42 for connecting the connecting portion 41 and the low voltage distribution line 5 is provided. In addition, a transmission / reception device 43 is provided to send HEV status information to the supply and demand control center 10 and to transmit an operation command from the center to the controller 38, during which wireless communication is performed. The communication may be communication using wired communication or communication using power line carrier.

  An operation command from the supply and demand control center 10 is transmitted to the controller 38. When power is transmitted from the HEV to the low-voltage distribution line 5, the measurement of electrical characteristics (voltage magnitude, phase, etc.) of the low-voltage distribution line 5 is performed and transmitted to the controller 38. The controller 38 adjusts the voltage magnitude and phase to the low-voltage distribution line 5 (synchronization) together with a control signal for controlling the output of the electric power generated by the inverter 37, so that a plurality of HEVs are transferred to the low-voltage distribution line 5. Power transmission becomes possible.

  The contractor C determines the selection and output of the HEV that supplies power from the information on the demand and supply sent from the HEV of the contractor A and the load 8 of the contractor B, and determines the power supplied to the load 8. Measure and pay the contract compensation A based on the value.

  Next, the operation of the supply and demand control center owned by the contractor C will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a supply and demand adjustment function installed in the supply and demand control center. This function is performed by the arithmetic processing unit 232, the HEV controller 38 and each load measuring / controlling unit 40, the communication unit 231 for transmitting and receiving information, the display unit 234, and the input unit 233 for the operator to set conditions. Composed. In addition, a temporary storage device 271 is provided for storing information necessary for calculating HEV selection and output commands for demand prediction and power supply for a certain period of time. Furthermore, there is a power reception database (DB) 272, a demand database 273, a weather information database 274, a target HEV status database 275, an operating HEV status database 277, and a power supply record (for each HEV) database 277. is doing. These constitute a database relating to information for compensating for power supply and demand.

  FIG. 4 is an example of a monitoring control screen by the display device. For the demand, the display device 234 displays the current demand 352 and the predicted value 353 of the demand at the nearest time to be controlled for each load 351. As for the received power, the current received power 354, the planned received power 355 at the nearest time to be controlled, and the trend graph 356 of the received power are displayed. The received power is maintained between an upper limit value 357 and a lower limit value 358.

  Regarding the power supply from the HEV, the current power supply amount 359, the suppliable amount 360 from all HEVs, and the total supply command value 361 at the nearest time to be controlled are displayed. In addition, for each HEV state, a display 362 indicating whether or not the supply is possible (parking state), and a ratio 363 of the discharge amount with respect to the supply possible amount are displayed. In the message column 364, device abnormality information, processing abnormality information, and the like are displayed.

  The supplyable amount 360 is a value obtained by subtracting an appropriate secondary battery remaining amount (for example, 70%) from the secondary battery remaining amount at that time. When there are a plurality of HEVs to be controlled, electric power is supplied to the load by discharging in stages from the side where the remaining amount of the secondary battery is larger. This prevents power supply from being concentrated on some HEVs and ensures fairness.

  FIG. 5 is a processing flow in the supply and demand control center. This flow shows a control cycle for HEV and one cycle. This process is repeated during actual operation.

  At the next control time, the HEV that can supply power is grasped (1101). It collects information such as the identification number of the HEV that can supply power, output restrictions, secondary battery remaining capacity restrictions, power supply form (only from the secondary battery), battery remaining capacity and fuel measurement values. Next, the demand at the time of control (after X minutes) is predicted (1102), and the power and amount of power to be supplied by the HEV are calculated in consideration of the received power plan value (1103). In this time step, the HEV used for power supply is selected and the output command value to the HEV is determined (1104). For this command value, for example, a combination that maximizes the energy use efficiency is selected under the output constraint and the secondary battery remaining amount constraint (optimization calculation).

  An output pattern command is sent to the corresponding HEV (1105). The amount of power supplied from the HEV to the load is measured (1106), and the amount of power supplied for each HEV is recorded in the database (1107). When the remaining battery level of the HEV reaches a predetermined value (1108), the HEV is excluded from HEVs that can supply power (1109).

  The secondary battery remaining amount is estimated by the following method. FIG. 6 shows the charge / discharge characteristics (remaining capacity and open circuit voltage) of a typical battery, where 50 is an example of a lead battery and 51 is a nickel-hydrogen battery. The equivalent circuit is calculated in real time from the current and voltage during battery operation, and the remaining capacity is estimated from the estimated open circuit voltage. If the HEV secondary battery is too high, the efficiency is poor. When the amount of charge is discharged and the remaining capacity is appropriately adjusted, an efficient operation is possible during the subsequent HEV movement. The appropriate remaining capacity is set in advance, and the supplyable amount 360 is the difference between the remaining amount of secondary battery and the appropriate amount of remaining secondary battery.

  The above is the control cycle for HEV, and the flow for one cycle. FIG. 7 shows the overall control flow. The HEV to be supplied with power is registered in advance. Processing for a unit period, for example, one month is started (1201). First, one day processing is started (1202). The time step process (1203) shown in FIG. 5 is repeated, and if one day is completed (1204), the result is recorded. Until the unit period ends (1205), the process for one day is repeated. When the unit period ends, the amount of power supplied from each HEV to the site load is calculated (1206), and the performance compensation price for each HEV owner is calculated (1207).

  FIG. 8 shows the configuration of the information system in this embodiment. The exchange of information (for example, operating conditions and fee settlement) between the contractor A, the contractor B, and the contractor C is performed via the local area LAN 401, the processing devices 403 and 405 of the contractor A, and the computer of the contractor B 407, between the computer 408 of the contractor C. Measurement values and control values for HEV are performed between the measurement / control devices 404 and 406 and the control device 409 via the dedicated communication line 402. The private LAN 402 can be replaced by the local LAN 401 depending on the required communication speed and communication volume.

  Next, a description will be given of the method of service provision, fee settlement, and performance compensation between each contractor. When operating a supply and demand adjustment system using HEV, a service provider that manages the supply and demand adjustment system using a distributed power source, HEV owners, and power usage companies such as commercial facilities and factories that use electricity The contract is concluded with and operated according to the contract. In this case, if the HEV owner (s) is the contractor A, the customer who uses the power is the contractor B, and the service provider is the contractor C, the contractor C is the contractor A, the contractor B and the HEV. Enter into a contract for power supply services. The contractor A predetermines power supply conditions, compensation amount for power supply, and the like, and the contractor B predetermines operation conditions related to supply and demand adjustment, power charges and supply and demand adjustment service charges.

  In carrying out this service, the contractor C supplies information services such as an information collection device, a communication device, and a control device for collecting information from the contractor A and the contractor B, as well as an information processing device in the supply and demand adjustment center. It is possible to select whether to use the asset of the third party or lease the asset of the third party. Some of the information collection device, communication device, control device, etc. are assets of the contractor B, and can be operated by leasing them.

  When the supply and demand adjustment system is specifically operated by the supply and demand adjustment service by HEV, the state of the contractor A's HEV is measured and the information is sent to the supply and demand control center owned by the contractor C. Each facility of the contractor B periodically sends information on power demand to the supply and demand control center. The supply and demand control center gathers from each facility and predicts the nearest demand based on the information, determines the HEV to which power is supplied and its output, and sends it to the HEV as a command value. The HEV that has received the command supplies power in accordance with the command value.

  FIG. 9 shows the flow of this service. The contractor C concludes a contract (802) related to power supply using the HEV with the contractor A, and the contractor B concludes a contract (801) related to power supply to the local load and supply / demand adjustment.

  Based on the contract, the contractor C issues an appropriate operation command to the HEV owned by the contractor A (803). Thereby, electric power is supplied to the load of the contractor B (804). The purchased power pattern is adjusted by adjusting the supply and demand of the contractor C (805), and the cost of purchasing power is reduced. Since the remaining amount of the secondary battery of HEV is adjusted appropriately, efficient operation is possible during subsequent HEV movement (806). For these services, the contractor B pays the contractor C a power fee. The contractor C pays the contractor A a performance compensation fee based on the results for the power supply from the HEV.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the contractor A not only receives the economic merit in the form of performance compensation, but also can appropriately adjust the remaining amount of the secondary battery and is efficient at the next movement. Driving becomes possible. The contractor B does not have a distributed power source independently, but can receive power from the HEV during a heavy load period, thereby leveling the purchased power pattern and keeping power costs low. The contractor C can obtain continuous income with a service fee and the like by adjusting supply and demand. From the perspective of society as a whole, the introduction of electric vehicles with high fuel efficiency is promoted, and as a result, there is a merit that environmental load reduction is realized.

  FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a supply and demand adjustment system showing another embodiment of the present invention. The configuration is almost the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. 1, but is the case of the commercial facility 12 and supplies power to a load 13 such as air conditioning, lighting, and power. In this case, the HEV that stops at the parking lot is different from the case of FIG. 1 in which the target HEV is determined in advance, and an unspecified visitor becomes a power provider.

  Accordingly, the overall processing in the supply and demand control center is different from that in the first embodiment (FIG. 7). FIG. 11 shows an overall processing flow according to the second embodiment. When the HEV enters the parking lot (1301), the time is recorded, and it is confirmed by electronic means whether there is an intention to provide power (1302). If there is an intention to provide power, the HEV becomes a HEV that can supply power, and processing at a fixed time (for example, every hour) is started (1303). Until the processing at the fixed time ends (1305), the processing of the time step of FIG. 5 is repeated (1304). Moreover, this is continued until the process (liquidation) for HEV to leave a parking lot. When the HEV leaves the parking lot (1306), the amount of power supplied to the site from the HEV is calculated (1307), and the performance compensation price to the HEV owner is calculated (1308). A parking fee is calculated (1309). From the above, the performance compensation fee is settled (1310). On the other hand, when the intention to provide power is not displayed, the HEV calculates the parking fee when it enters the process for leaving the parking lot (1312), and the parking fee is settled (1313).

  FIG. 12 shows a method of service provision, fee settlement, and performance compensation between each contractor. Although it is almost the same as FIG. 9, since there are an unspecified number of HEV owners, the provision of the parking lot usage rule from the contractor C to the contractor A (902) and the provision of power to the contractor C from the contractor A The intention display (903) replaces the contract between contractor A and contractor C.

  The present invention is not limited to a distributed power source that can be moved, but monitors the status of a plurality of devices that are in a standby state, and can selectively operate the device according to the external situation. It can be applied to other uses that are effectively utilized.

The block diagram of the supply-and-demand adjustment system which shows one Example of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows an example of a hybrid type electric vehicle. The block diagram of the supply-and-demand adjustment function installed in a supply-and-demand control center. The monitor screen figure of the display apparatus in a demand-and-supply adjustment function. The processing flow figure in a supply-and-demand control center. Explanatory drawing which shows the measuring method of a secondary battery remaining charge. The whole processing flow figure in a supply-and-demand control center. The block diagram of the information system in a supply-and-demand adjustment system. The flowchart which shows service provision between each contractor, charge, and performance compensation. The block diagram of the supply-and-demand adjustment system which shows the other Example of this invention. The whole processing flow figure in the demand-and-supply control center by another Example. The flowchart which shows the service provision between the contractors by another Example, charging, and performance compensation.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Commercial system, 3 ... In-house substation, 5 ... Low voltage distribution line, 6 ... Communication line, 7 ... Communication line, 8 ... Load, 9 ... On-site parking lot, 10 ... Supply-and-demand control center, 20 ... Hybrid type electric vehicle, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 25 ... Voltage converter, 30 ... Engine, 31 ... Generator, 32 ... Secondary battery, 34 ... Electric motor, 35 ... Wheel, 36 ... Rectifier, 37 ... Inverter, 38 ... Controller, 40 ... Communication line, 42 ... Flexible power line 43. Transmission / reception device.

Claims (8)

  In order to balance supply and demand from the collected information, including communication means for collecting information on the load of the target electric power provider and information on power supply of a plurality of hybrid electric vehicles A power supply system comprising control means for selecting a hybrid electric vehicle that supplies power to the load and setting an output command value.   A load receiving a predetermined power supply from a commercial system, a hybrid electric vehicle capable of supplying power parked in a plurality of parking facilities connected to the load and a distribution line, and information on the power demand of the load Communication means for collecting, communication means for collecting information relating to power supply of the hybrid electric vehicle, supply / demand control means for selecting a hybrid electric vehicle for supplying power based on information of the communication means and setting an output command value thereof A power supply system comprising:   3. The hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the hybrid electric vehicle includes an inverter for driving a wheel by converting direct current of the secondary battery into alternating current, and supplies the alternating current output of the inverter to the load. And power supply system.   4. The hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the hybrid electric vehicle is provided with a controller, controls the output of AC power generated from the inverter, and synchronizes the magnitude and phase of the voltage with the voltage of the distribution line. A featured power supply system.   3. The amount that can be supplied from the secondary battery of the hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 is a difference between a current remaining capacity of the secondary battery and a remaining capacity of the predetermined secondary battery having high efficiency. Power supply system.   2. The hybrid electric vehicle parked in the parking facility according to claim 1, wherein power supply to a load is determined in advance, and the supply and demand control means obtains a supply record of each hybrid electric vehicle over a certain period. Power supply system.   3. The power supply according to claim 2, wherein the supply and demand control means obtains a supply record during the parking time of each hybrid electric vehicle with respect to power supply from the hybrid electric vehicle parked in the parking facility to the load. system.   A supply and demand control center for adjusting power supply and load demand from a hybrid electric vehicle connects a computer of a plurality of hybrid electric vehicles and a computer of a power demand load by a communication line, and supplies the supply and demand control center. A power supply system that calculates the actual power supplied by a hybrid electric vehicle according to a command.

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