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JP2006278711A - Solar cell control device - Google Patents

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JP2006278711A
JP2006278711A JP2005095405A JP2005095405A JP2006278711A JP 2006278711 A JP2006278711 A JP 2006278711A JP 2005095405 A JP2005095405 A JP 2005095405A JP 2005095405 A JP2005095405 A JP 2005095405A JP 2006278711 A JP2006278711 A JP 2006278711A
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solar cell
voltage
temperature
illuminance
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Ikuo Fukai
郁男 深井
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Kyocera Corp
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Abstract

【課題】 小規模なモーター駆動用太陽電池システムにおいて、温度センサを必要とせず、簡易的に温度、照度を測定し、実際の環境にあった最大電力点での制御を可能とするものである。
【解決手段】 太陽電池の発電した出力電力を最大にすべく、太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように制御するための太陽電池用制御装置であって、前記太陽電池用制御装置は前記太陽電池の開放電圧及び短絡電流を測定する測定手段と、前記開放電圧及び短絡電流から温度及び照度を計算し、さらに前記温度及び照度から前記最大出力動作電圧を計算するための計算手段と、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように前記太陽電池の出力電圧を制御するための制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
【選択図】 図1
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily control temperature and illuminance without requiring a temperature sensor in a small-scale motor-driven solar cell system, and to control at a maximum power point suitable for an actual environment. .
A solar cell control device for controlling an output voltage of a solar cell to be a substantially maximum output operating voltage in order to maximize the output power generated by the solar cell, the solar cell control The apparatus comprises a measuring means for measuring the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the solar cell, a calculation means for calculating temperature and illuminance from the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, and further calculating the maximum output operating voltage from the temperature and illuminance. And a control means for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell so that the output voltage of the solar cell becomes a substantially maximum output operating voltage.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

モーター駆動などの小規模な負荷用太陽電池システムにおいて、温度センサを必要とせず、簡易的に温度、照度を測定し、実際の環境にあった太陽電池の最大出力電力点である最大出力動作電圧での制御を可能とする太陽電池用制御装置に関するものである。   In a solar cell system for small loads such as a motor drive, the maximum output operating voltage, which is the maximum output power point of the solar cell in the actual environment, simply measures the temperature and illuminance without requiring a temperature sensor. It is related with the control apparatus for solar cells which enables control by.

太陽電池を駆動電力源とする換気装置やポンプ等の駆動用モーターに供給するような小規模な太陽電池システムにおいて、従来の図8のような単純に太陽電池11に負荷12を接続するという構成では、例えば負荷が重いと、図9のように太陽電池の出力電圧が低下して、太陽電池の最大出力電力を得られる太陽電池の最大出力動作電圧から外れ、取得発電電力が低下して発電能力を無駄にしてしまう。したがって、そのシステムに合った電力量を確保するには、出力電圧が低下しても、十分な発電量が確保できるだけの容量を持つ太陽電池を接続するか、もしくは、必要な流量を最小限の太陽電池でまかなえるように発電電力をより多く取り出せる制御を行う。具体的には、太陽電池が常に最大電力で動作できるよう、最大出力動作電圧で追尾する制御回路を太陽電池と負荷の間に設けて常に太陽電池の最大電力を得られるようにすることである。前者における太陽電池の増加による方法では、設置面積の増大につながるため住宅の屋根上など設置可能面積が限られた場所への設置においては、後者による最大出力動作電圧で追尾する方法を行うことが望ましい。   In a small-scale solar cell system that supplies a driving motor such as a ventilator or a pump that uses a solar cell as a driving power source, the load 12 is simply connected to the solar cell 11 as shown in FIG. Then, for example, when the load is heavy, the output voltage of the solar cell decreases as shown in FIG. 9 and deviates from the maximum output operating voltage of the solar cell from which the maximum output power of the solar cell can be obtained. It will waste your ability. Therefore, in order to secure the amount of power suitable for the system, even if the output voltage decreases, connect a solar cell with a capacity that can secure sufficient power generation or minimize the required flow rate. Control is performed to extract more generated power so that it can be covered by solar cells. Specifically, to ensure that the solar cell can always operate at the maximum power, a control circuit that tracks the maximum output operating voltage is provided between the solar cell and the load so that the maximum power of the solar cell can always be obtained. . In the former method by increasing the number of solar cells, it leads to an increase in the installation area. Therefore, when installing in a place where the installable area is limited, such as on the roof of a house, the latter method can be used to track at the maximum output operating voltage. desirable.

そこで、太陽光発電を商用電源に変換するパワーコンディショナーのようなシステムでは、一般にMPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking)制御が用いられる。MPPT制御は、太陽電池の出力電力を常時監視させる方法で、太陽電池の発電電力を常に最大限にすることができ非常に有効な手法であるが、ソフト制御や回路構成が複雑となり、部品点数の増加や制御回路の発熱増加につながり、比較的小規模なシステムである換気装置などの簡易な装置を構築する場合においては好ましくない。   Therefore, in a system such as a power conditioner that converts photovoltaic power generation into commercial power, MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control is generally used. MPPT control is a method that constantly monitors the output power of the solar cell, and is a very effective method that can always maximize the power generated by the solar cell. However, the software control and circuit configuration become complicated, and the number of parts is reduced. And increase in heat generation of the control circuit, it is not preferable when a simple device such as a ventilator, which is a relatively small system, is constructed.

そこで換気装置のような比較的小規模なシステムでは、最も頻度の多い温度における最大出力動作電圧で動作するように太陽電池を一定の電圧で制御するのが一般的である。   Therefore, in a relatively small system such as a ventilator, it is general to control the solar cell at a constant voltage so as to operate at the maximum output operating voltage at the most frequent temperature.

しかし、太陽電池の出力電圧には温度依存性があり、温度変動により、制御している動作電圧が、実際の温度での最大出力動作電圧からずれることが発生する。例えば、図6は結晶系太陽電池の出力電圧・電力特性図であるが、温度上昇とともに最大電力点における最大出力動作電圧は低下する。50℃の最大出力動作電圧で制御されていた太陽電池が75℃に温度上昇すると最大出力動作電圧が下がるが、50℃の最大出力動作電圧のまま制御すると発電能力より大幅に発電電力量が低下してしまう。このような最大出力動作電圧の温度依存性より生じる発電電力量の低下を解消するには、温度センサを太陽電池に接続して温度計測を行い、動作電圧に温度補償を与えて制御する方法がある。   However, the output voltage of the solar cell is temperature-dependent, and the controlled operating voltage may deviate from the maximum output operating voltage at the actual temperature due to temperature fluctuations. For example, FIG. 6 is an output voltage / power characteristic diagram of a crystalline solar cell, but the maximum output operating voltage at the maximum power point decreases with increasing temperature. When the temperature of a solar cell controlled with a maximum output operating voltage of 50 ° C rises to 75 ° C, the maximum output operating voltage decreases. However, when controlled at the maximum output operating voltage of 50 ° C, the amount of generated power is greatly reduced from the power generation capacity. Resulting in. In order to eliminate such a decrease in the amount of power generated due to the temperature dependence of the maximum output operating voltage, a temperature sensor is connected to the solar cell to measure the temperature, and the operating voltage is compensated for temperature control. is there.

また、温度変動による電力量の低下を極力抑えるため、最大電力点より低い電圧値で制御を行う方法がある(例えば、特許文献1を参照)。
特開平06−202745号公報
In addition, there is a method of performing control at a voltage value lower than the maximum power point in order to suppress a reduction in the amount of power due to temperature fluctuations as much as possible (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-202745

しかしながら、前述したような方法においても課題があり、温度センサを接続する方法においては、制御装置から太陽電池までの接続にかかる配線等により施工が煩雑になり、加えて、太陽電池へのセンサ埋め込みも容易ではない。また、制御する動作電圧を最大動作点よりあらかじめ低い電圧にて制御させる方法においては、温度による大幅な出力低下は抑えられるが、特定範囲の温度については発電電力を強制的に下げており、使用温度範囲全般における発電電力を上げているものではない。   However, there is a problem in the method as described above, and in the method of connecting the temperature sensor, the construction is complicated due to the wiring etc. for connection from the control device to the solar cell, and in addition, the sensor is embedded in the solar cell. It is not easy. In addition, in the method of controlling the operating voltage to be controlled at a voltage that is lower than the maximum operating point in advance, a significant decrease in output due to temperature can be suppressed, but the generated power is forcibly reduced for a specific range of temperatures. It does not increase the power generated over the entire temperature range.

また、動作電圧は前述の温度依存同様に照度においても依存しており、図7に示すように照度の増減によっても最大電力点が変動するが、前述した方法においては照度における出力電圧の影響は考慮していない。   In addition, the operating voltage depends on the illuminance as well as the above-described temperature dependence, and the maximum power point varies depending on the increase / decrease of the illuminance as shown in FIG. 7, but in the above-described method, the influence of the output voltage on the illuminance is Not considered.

本発明の太陽電池用制御装置の目的は、モーター駆動などの小規模な負荷用太陽電池システムにおいて、温度センサを必要とせず、太陽電池の開放電圧特性と短絡電流特性を利用して、簡易的に温度、照度を測定し、実際の環境にあった最大電力点での制御を可能とすることにある。   The purpose of the solar cell control device of the present invention is to simplify the use of the open-circuit voltage characteristics and short-circuit current characteristics of a solar cell without requiring a temperature sensor in a small-scale solar cell system for loads such as a motor drive. In addition, the temperature and illuminance are measured to enable control at the maximum power point suitable for the actual environment.

本発明の太陽電池用制御装置は、太陽電池の発電した出力電力を最大にすべく、太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように制御するための太陽電池用制御装置であって、前記太陽電池用制御装置は前記太陽電池の開放電圧及び短絡電流を測定する測定手段と、前記開放電圧及び短絡電流から温度及び照度を計算し、さらに前記温度及び照度から前記最大出力動作電圧を計算するための計算手段と、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように前記太陽電池の出力電圧を制御するための制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。   The solar cell control device of the present invention is a solar cell control device for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell to be substantially the maximum output operating voltage in order to maximize the output power generated by the solar cell. The solar cell control device measures the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell, calculates temperature and illuminance from the open circuit voltage and short circuit current, and further calculates the maximum output operating voltage from the temperature and illuminance. It is characterized by comprising calculation means for calculating and control means for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell so that the output voltage of the solar cell becomes substantially the maximum output operating voltage.

また、本発明の他の太陽電池用制御装置は、前記太陽電池の開放電圧及び短絡電流を測定する測定手段は周期的に前記太陽電池の出力の開放及び短絡を行うとともに、それぞれ前記太陽電池の出力の開放時に前記太陽電池の開放電圧を測定し、前記太陽電池の出力の短絡時に前記太陽電池の短絡電流を測定するようにしたことを特徴とする。   Further, according to another solar cell control device of the present invention, the measuring means for measuring the open voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell periodically opens and shorts the output of the solar cell, The open circuit voltage of the solar cell is measured when the output is opened, and the short circuit current of the solar cell is measured when the output of the solar cell is short-circuited.

本発明の太陽電池用制御装置によれば、太陽電池の発電した出力電力を最大にすべく、太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように制御するための太陽電池用制御装置であって、前記太陽電池用制御装置は前記太陽電池の開放電圧及び短絡電流を測定する測定手段と、前記開放電圧及び短絡電流から温度及び照度を計算し、さらに前記温度及び照度から前記最大出力動作電圧を計算するための計算手段と、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように前記太陽電池の出力電圧を制御するための制御手段とを備えたことで、短絡電流は照度に比例的に増加し、温度による変動は比較的少ない。これを利用し、基準照度での短絡電流値と、任意の照度に対する短絡電流との比例関数式を既知とすることにより、短絡電流を測定することでおおよその照度の認識を可能とした。   According to the solar cell control device of the present invention, in order to maximize the output power generated by the solar cell, the solar cell control device for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell to be approximately the maximum output operating voltage. The solar cell control device measures the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell, calculates temperature and illuminance from the open circuit voltage and short circuit current, and further calculates the maximum output operation from the temperature and illuminance. The short-circuit current has an illuminance by comprising calculation means for calculating the voltage and control means for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell so that the output voltage of the solar cell becomes substantially the maximum output operating voltage. The variation with temperature is relatively small. By making use of this and making the proportional function equation of the short-circuit current value at the reference illuminance and the short-circuit current with respect to arbitrary illuminance known, it is possible to recognize the approximate illuminance by measuring the short-circuit current.

また、開放電圧は温度に影響を受け、照度においても影響を受ける(特に低照度の場合に影響を受ける)。これを利用し、任意の照度に対する開放電圧のデータあるいは関数式と、任意の温度に対する開放電圧の比例関数式を記憶させ、先の方法により認識された照度と、前記入力検知部より入力される開放電圧値とで温度認識を可能とした。   In addition, the open circuit voltage is affected by temperature, and is also affected by illuminance (particularly in the case of low illuminance). Using this, the data or function expression of the open-circuit voltage for an arbitrary illuminance and the proportional function expression of the open-circuit voltage for an arbitrary temperature are stored, and the illuminance recognized by the previous method is input from the input detection unit. Temperature recognition is possible with the open-circuit voltage value.

上記のようにして、センサを使用せず、簡易的な方法で温度や照度の認識を行うことができ、さらに、任意の温度や照度に対する最大出力動作電圧のデータあるいは関数式を記憶しておけば、認識した温度と照度により前記最大出力動作電圧を決定し、太陽電池に対して任意の温度や照度において簡易的な方法で最適な動作点での制御を可能にすることができる。   As described above, temperature and illuminance can be recognized by a simple method without using a sensor, and the maximum output operating voltage data or function equation for any temperature and illuminance can be stored. For example, the maximum output operating voltage can be determined based on the recognized temperature and illuminance, and the solar cell can be controlled at an optimum operating point by a simple method at any temperature and illuminance.

また、本発明の太陽電池用制御装置によれば、前記太陽電池の開放電圧及び短絡電流を測定する測定手段は周期的に前記太陽電池の出力の開放及び短絡を行うとともに、それぞれ前記太陽電池の出力の開放時に前記太陽電池の開放電圧を測定し、前記太陽電池の出力の短絡時に前記太陽電池の短絡電流を測定するようにしたことで、動作中において、周期的に極めて短期間に太陽電池の開放、短絡を行い、出力電圧に生じる負荷への影響を極力抑え、動作中においても随時、太陽電池の動作電圧を補正でき、より精度の高い制御を可能とすることができる。   According to the solar cell control device of the present invention, the measuring means for measuring the open voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell periodically opens and shorts the output of the solar cell, and The open-circuit voltage of the solar cell is measured when the output is opened, and the short-circuit current of the solar cell is measured when the output of the solar cell is short-circuited. Is open and short-circuited, the influence on the load generated in the output voltage is suppressed as much as possible, and the operating voltage of the solar cell can be corrected at any time even during operation, thereby enabling more accurate control.

さらに、前記電源制御部の出力部に平滑コンデンサを付加すれば前述の出力電圧に生じる負荷への影響を失くすことができる。   Furthermore, if a smoothing capacitor is added to the output section of the power supply control section, the influence on the load generated in the output voltage can be lost.

以下に、本発明に係るモーター駆動用等小規模太陽電池システムの太陽電池用制御装置の実施形態について、模式的に図示した図面に基づき詳細に説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a solar cell control device of a small-scale solar cell system for driving a motor according to the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings schematically shown.

図1のように本発明に係る太陽光発電システムの構成は、太陽電池11と、前記太陽電池を電源とする例えば換気ファンなどの負荷12と、太陽電池用制御装置30とからなり、太陽電池用制御装置30は、太陽電池11の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように太陽電池11の出力電圧を制御するための制御手段の機能を有する電源生成部13、制御部15と、太陽電池11の出力電圧を測定する測定手段の機能を有する入力電圧検知部16、短絡部14、電源生成部13と、太陽電池11の開放電圧及び短絡電流から温度及び照度を計算し、さらに前記温度及び照度から前記最大出力動作電圧を計算するための計算手段の機能を有する制御部15とを備える。   As shown in FIG. 1, the configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention includes a solar cell 11, a load 12 such as a ventilation fan that uses the solar cell as a power source, and a solar cell control device 30. The control device 30 for power supply includes a power generation unit 13, a control unit 15 having a function of a control unit for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell 11 so that the output voltage of the solar cell 11 becomes substantially the maximum output operating voltage, The temperature and illuminance are calculated from the input voltage detection unit 16, the short circuit unit 14, the power source generation unit 13, and the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell 11, which have the function of a measuring means for measuring the output voltage of the battery 11, and the temperature And a control unit 15 having a function of a calculating means for calculating the maximum output operating voltage from the illuminance.

短絡部14には太陽電池11を短絡させるためのスイッチ部17と、短絡電流を短絡電圧に変換する抵抗器18よりなり、制御部15は制御に係わる諸データを記憶する記憶部19と、入力電圧検知部16より伝送されたデータと前記記憶部19のデータより演算を行う演算部20と、前記演算部結果などにより各種制御を行う主制御部21よりなる。   The short-circuit unit 14 includes a switch unit 17 for short-circuiting the solar cell 11, a resistor 18 for converting the short-circuit current into a short-circuit voltage, the control unit 15 has a storage unit 19 for storing various data related to control, and an input The calculation unit 20 includes a calculation unit 20 that performs calculation based on the data transmitted from the voltage detection unit 16 and the data stored in the storage unit 19, and a main control unit 21 that performs various controls based on the calculation unit result.

図2のように、起動時または動作中に主制御部21は、負荷12への影響のない極めて短期間に、周期的に、電源生成部13と短絡部14を通して太陽電池11の開放、短絡を行う。このようにして、短絡12による出力負荷12への影響を極力抑えつつ、動作中においても随時、開放電圧値や短絡電圧値を取得できるようにする。ただし、図2にあるように出力電圧に多少の欠落が生じ、欠落幅によっては、負荷への弊害も予測できる。このような場合でも、図3のように新たに太陽電池用制御装置の出力側に充電用のコンデンサ22を付加することで、欠落は解消され、上述した弊害を失くすことができる。   As shown in FIG. 2, the main control unit 21 periodically opens and shorts the solar cell 11 through the power generation unit 13 and the short-circuit unit 14 in an extremely short time without affecting the load 12 during startup or during operation. I do. In this way, an open circuit voltage value and a short circuit voltage value can be acquired at any time during operation while suppressing the influence of the short circuit 12 on the output load 12 as much as possible. However, as shown in FIG. 2, some loss occurs in the output voltage, and depending on the missing width, a negative effect on the load can be predicted. Even in such a case, by adding a charging capacitor 22 to the output side of the solar cell control device as shown in FIG. 3, the omission is eliminated and the above-described adverse effects can be lost.

さて、入力電圧検知部16により取得された開放電圧および、短絡電流が短絡部14の抵抗器18により電圧に変化された短絡電圧は、演算部20に入力される。記憶部19には、基準照度での短絡電流値と、任意の照度に対する短絡電流との比例関数式と、任意の照度に対する開放電圧のデータあるいは関数式と、任意の温度に対する開放電圧の比例関数式と、任意の温度や照度に対する太陽電池の最大出力動作電圧のデータあるいは関数式が記憶されている。   Now, the open circuit voltage acquired by the input voltage detection unit 16 and the short circuit voltage in which the short circuit current is changed to a voltage by the resistor 18 of the short circuit unit 14 are input to the calculation unit 20. The storage unit 19 includes a proportional function expression of the short-circuit current value at the reference illuminance and the short-circuit current with respect to the arbitrary illuminance, the data or function expression of the open-circuit voltage with respect to the arbitrary illuminance, and the proportional function of the open-circuit voltage with respect to the arbitrary temperature. An equation and data or a function equation of the maximum output operating voltage of the solar cell with respect to an arbitrary temperature and illuminance are stored.

短絡電流は照度に比例的に増加し、温度による変動は比較的少ない。したがって、基準照度での短絡電流値と、任意の照度に対する短絡電流との比例関数式が既知であれば、短絡電流を測定することで、おおよその照度の認識が可能である。開放電圧は温度に影響を受け、照度においても影響を受け、特に低照度の場合に影響を受ける。任意の照度に対する開放電圧のデータあるいは関数式と、任意の温度に対する開放電圧の比例関数式を記憶させておけば、先の方法により認識された照度と、前記入力電圧検知部より入力される開放電圧値とで温度認識が可能となる。このようにして簡易的な方法で温度や照度の認識を行い、簡易的な方法で最適な動作点での制御を可能にすることができる。具体的な方法を以下に示す。   The short-circuit current increases in proportion to the illuminance, and the fluctuation due to temperature is relatively small. Therefore, if the proportional function expression between the short-circuit current value at the reference illuminance and the short-circuit current with respect to arbitrary illuminance is known, it is possible to recognize the approximate illuminance by measuring the short-circuit current. The open-circuit voltage is affected by temperature and also by illuminance, particularly when the illuminance is low. If the open-circuit voltage data or function expression for an arbitrary illuminance and the proportional function expression of the open-circuit voltage for an arbitrary temperature are stored, the illuminance recognized by the previous method and the input input from the input voltage detector Temperature recognition is possible with the voltage value. In this way, temperature and illuminance can be recognized by a simple method, and control at an optimum operating point can be performed by a simple method. A specific method is shown below.

短絡電流の温度に対する特性は、図4にあるように比例的に増加する。一方、照度に対する特性も図5にあるように比例的に増加する。ここで、短絡電流の対温度変動率は照度に比べ小さく、これを無視すると短絡電流は照度のみの関数となる。つまり、あらかじめ基準照度での短絡電流値と照度に対する短絡電流との比例関数式を記憶させておけば、実測の短絡電流によって照度を求めることができる。   The characteristics of the short-circuit current with respect to temperature increase proportionally as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the characteristic with respect to illuminance also increases proportionally as shown in FIG. Here, the fluctuation rate of the short-circuit current with respect to temperature is smaller than the illuminance, and if this is ignored, the short-circuit current is a function of only the illuminance. That is, if a proportional function equation between the short-circuit current value at the reference illuminance and the short-circuit current with respect to the illuminance is stored in advance, the illuminance can be obtained from the actually measured short-circuit current.

次に、太陽電池11が結晶系の場合、開放電圧の温度に対する特性は、図4のように比例的に減少する。一方、照度に対する特性は図5のような曲線で増加する。あらかじめ図7のような照度に対する開放電圧のデータあるいは関数式を記憶させ、先の手順により求めた照度での基準温度での開放電圧を求める。図4のように、さらに開放電圧は温度に比例的に減少することから、あらかじめ温度に対する開放電圧の比例関数式を記憶させておけば、実測の開放電圧によって温度を求めることができる。   Next, when the solar cell 11 is a crystal system, the characteristic of the open circuit voltage with respect to temperature decreases proportionally as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the characteristic with respect to illuminance increases with a curve as shown in FIG. The open-circuit voltage data or function equation for the illuminance as shown in FIG. 7 is stored in advance, and the open-circuit voltage at the reference temperature at the illuminance obtained by the previous procedure is obtained. As shown in FIG. 4, the open-circuit voltage further decreases in proportion to the temperature. Therefore, if a proportional function expression of the open-circuit voltage with respect to the temperature is stored in advance, the temperature can be obtained from the actually measured open-circuit voltage.

太陽電池の最大出力電力時の電圧である最大出力動作電圧も、図7のように温度とともに増加し、図6のように温度に比例的に減少する。あらかじめ図6や図7のような温度や照度に対する最大出力動作電圧のデータあるいは関数式を記憶させておけば、先に求めた温度や照度により、最大出力動作電圧を決定することができる。   The maximum output operating voltage, which is the voltage at the maximum output power of the solar cell, also increases with temperature as shown in FIG. 7, and decreases proportionally with temperature as shown in FIG. If data or a function expression of the maximum output operating voltage with respect to temperature and illuminance as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is stored in advance, the maximum output operating voltage can be determined based on the previously obtained temperature and illuminance.

このように記憶部にある諸データをもとに、前記演算部20に入力された実測の開放電圧や短絡電圧により制御する太陽電池の最大出力動作電圧を決定し、主制御部21が電源生成部13を通して太陽電池を制御することにより、太陽電池の環境に係わらず、最大の出力電力で出力するように制御することが可能となり、より多くの電力を負荷に伝えることができる。   Thus, based on the various data stored in the storage unit, the maximum output operating voltage of the solar cell controlled by the actual open circuit voltage or short circuit voltage input to the calculation unit 20 is determined, and the main control unit 21 generates power. By controlling the solar cell through the unit 13, it is possible to control to output with the maximum output power regardless of the environment of the solar cell, and more power can be transmitted to the load.

以上、結晶系の太陽電池を例に述べたが、アモルファス太陽電池での特性においては、開放電圧や最大出力動作電圧が温度に比例して大きくなる。アモルファス太陽電池においても図4や図7における温度特性の正負の性質が逆になるだけで、同様の手法を用いて制御することが可能である。つまり、太陽電池の特性が既知であれば、太陽電池の種類によらず、どのような環境においても、発電能力を最大限活用できる太陽電池用制御装置を構築することができる。   The crystalline solar cell has been described above as an example. However, in the characteristics of the amorphous solar cell, the open circuit voltage and the maximum output operating voltage increase in proportion to the temperature. An amorphous solar cell can also be controlled by using the same method, except that the temperature characteristics in FIGS. 4 and 7 are reversed. That is, if the characteristics of the solar cell are known, a solar cell control device that can make maximum use of the power generation capacity can be constructed in any environment regardless of the type of solar cell.

本発明に係る実施例の形態を模式的に説明する概略回路構成図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram schematically illustrating a form of an embodiment according to the present invention. 本発明に係わる測定動作におけるタイミング波形例である。It is an example of the timing waveform in the measurement operation | movement concerning this invention. 本発明に係る実施例の形態を模式的に説明する概略回路構成図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram schematically illustrating a form of an embodiment according to the present invention. 太陽電池の照度を一定とした時の温度に対する短絡電流と開放電圧の特性図である。It is a characteristic diagram of the short circuit current and open circuit voltage with respect to temperature when the illumination intensity of a solar cell is made constant. 太陽電池の温度を一定とした時の照度に対する短絡電流と開放電圧の特性図である。It is a characteristic diagram of the short circuit current with respect to the illumination intensity when the temperature of a solar cell is made constant, and an open circuit voltage. 太陽電池の照度を一定として、温度をパラメータとした時の電圧・電力特性図である。FIG. 6 is a voltage / power characteristic diagram when the illuminance of the solar cell is constant and the temperature is a parameter. 太陽電池の温度を一定として、照度をパラメータとした時の電圧・電力特性図である。It is a voltage-power characteristic diagram when the temperature of the solar cell is constant and the illuminance is used as a parameter. 従来の実施例の形態を模式的に説明する概略回路構成図である。It is a schematic circuit block diagram which illustrates typically the form of the conventional Example. 負荷により太陽電池出力が低下して発電電力が下がることを説明した特性図である。It is a characteristic figure explaining that a solar cell output falls with load and generated power falls.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11:太陽電池
12:負荷
13:電源生成部
14:短絡部
15:制御部
16:入力電圧検知部
17:スイッチ部
18:抵抗器
19:記憶部
20:演算部
21:主制御部
22:コンデンサ
30:制御装置
11: Solar cell 12: Load 13: Power supply generation unit 14: Short circuit unit 15: Control unit 16: Input voltage detection unit 17: Switch unit 18: Resistor 19: Storage unit 20: Calculation unit 21: Main control unit 22: Capacitor 30: Control device

Claims (2)

太陽電池の発電した出力電力を最大にすべく、太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように制御するための太陽電池用制御装置であって、前記太陽電池用制御装置は前記太陽電池の開放電圧及び短絡電流を測定する測定手段と、前記開放電圧及び短絡電流から温度及び照度を計算し、さらに前記温度及び照度から前記最大出力動作電圧を計算するための計算手段と、前記太陽電池の出力電圧が略最大出力動作電圧になるように前記太陽電池の出力電圧を制御するための制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とする太陽電池用制御装置。 A control device for a solar cell for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell to be a substantially maximum output operating voltage in order to maximize the output power generated by the solar cell, wherein the solar cell control device Measuring means for measuring an open-circuit voltage and a short-circuit current of the battery; a calculation means for calculating a temperature and an illuminance from the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current; and a calculation means for calculating the maximum output operating voltage from the temperature and the illuminance; And a control means for controlling the output voltage of the solar cell so that the output voltage of the battery becomes substantially the maximum output operating voltage. 前記太陽電池の開放電圧及び短絡電流を測定する測定手段は周期的に前記太陽電池の出力の開放及び短絡を行うとともに、それぞれ前記太陽電池の出力の開放時に前記太陽電池の開放電圧を測定し、前記太陽電池の出力の短絡時に前記太陽電池の短絡電流を測定するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池用制御装置。 The measuring means for measuring the open voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell periodically opens and shorts the output of the solar cell, and measures the open voltage of the solar cell when the output of the solar cell is opened, respectively. The solar cell control device according to claim 1, wherein a short-circuit current of the solar cell is measured when the output of the solar cell is short-circuited.
JP2005095405A 2005-03-29 2005-03-29 Solar cell control device Pending JP2006278711A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012089770A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-10 Hitachi Ltd Photovoltaic power generation system
JP2014045073A (en) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-13 Hitachi Ltd Troubleshooting method for photovoltaic power generating system
JP2021093799A (en) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-17 日産自動車株式会社 Vehicle system control method and vehicle system
CN114442724A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-05-06 南京航空航天大学 Maximum power point tracking method based on photovoltaic cell short-circuit current estimation and disturbance observation

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012089770A (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-05-10 Hitachi Ltd Photovoltaic power generation system
JP2014045073A (en) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-13 Hitachi Ltd Troubleshooting method for photovoltaic power generating system
US9506971B2 (en) 2012-08-27 2016-11-29 Hitachi, Ltd. Failure diagnosis method for photovoltaic power generation system
JP2021093799A (en) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-17 日産自動車株式会社 Vehicle system control method and vehicle system
JP7333255B2 (en) 2019-12-09 2023-08-24 日産自動車株式会社 Vehicle system control method and vehicle system
CN114442724A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-05-06 南京航空航天大学 Maximum power point tracking method based on photovoltaic cell short-circuit current estimation and disturbance observation

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