JP2006275602A - Highly sensitive dosimetry for high energy neutrons, photons and muons - Google Patents
Highly sensitive dosimetry for high energy neutrons, photons and muons Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】
従来,複数の装置を用いても測定できなかった幅広いエネルギー範囲の中性子,光子,ミューオンによる線量の高感度測定方法を提供する。
【解決手段】
有機液体シンチレータと,リチウム-6を含有した銀混入硫化亜鉛シート状シンチレータを組み合わせた検出器からの発光を,光電子増倍管で電気信号に変換した後に数本に分岐させ,各支流の電圧を,デジタル波形解析装置を用いて解析することにより検出器に入射した放射線の種類及びその発光量を決定し,各放射線に対応する発光量から線量への変換演算子を用いることにより,リアルタイムかつ高感度で中性子,光子及びミューオン線量を測定する。
【選択図】図2
【Task】
We provide a high-sensitivity measurement method for neutrons, photons, and muons in a wide energy range that could not be measured using multiple devices.
[Solution]
The light from the detector, which combines an organic liquid scintillator and a silver-containing zinc sulfide sheet scintillator containing lithium-6, is converted into an electrical signal by a photomultiplier tube and then branched into several, and the voltage of each tributary is divided. By using a digital waveform analyzer, the type of radiation incident on the detector and the amount of emitted light are determined, and by using a conversion operator from the emitted light amount to the dose corresponding to each radiation, real-time and high Measure neutron, photon and muon dose with sensitivity.
[Selection] Figure 2
Description
この発明は,放射線線量測定方法に関するものである。さらに詳しくは,この発明は,幅広いエネルギー範囲の中性子,光子,ミューオンによる線量の高感度測定方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a radiation dose measurement method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a high-sensitivity measurement method for doses using neutrons, photons, and muons in a wide energy range.
従来により,中性子線量を測定する装置としては,レムカウンタと呼ばれる減速材付き熱中性子検出器が知られている(非特許文献1)。レムカウンタは,ポリエチレンなど水素を多量に含む物質により中性子を減速し,減速材の中心に封入した低エネルギー中性子に対する反応断面積の大きいヘリウム-3などの物質により中性子を検出し,約20メガ電子ボルト(以下MeV)以下の中性子による線量を測定する装置である。 Conventionally, as a device for measuring a neutron dose, a thermal neutron detector with a moderator called a rem counter is known (Non-Patent Document 1). The REM counter decelerates neutrons using a material containing a large amount of hydrogen, such as polyethylene, and detects neutrons using a material such as helium-3, which has a large reaction cross-section for low-energy neutrons enclosed in the center of the moderator. It is a device that measures the dose of neutrons below volt (hereinafter MeV).
従来により,光子線量を測定する装置としては,ヨウ化ナトリウムシンチレータやガイガー・ミュラー管を利用したサーベイメータが知られている。これらのサーベイメータは,約5MeV以下の光子による線量を測定する装置である。これらの装置の中には,その出力を線量に変換する演算子を用いて線量を精度良く測定する方法を採用した装置も存在する(非特許文献2)。
しかしながら,これらの装置は,1台で1種類の放射線による線量しか測定できず,多種の放射線が混在する場においては,複数の装置を組み合わせて全線量を測定する必要がある。また,地表面におけるバックグランド線量率を正確に測定するためには,光子,中性子だけでなく,ミューオンによる寄与も考慮する必要があり,上記装置を組み合わせても全線量を測定することはできない。さらに,高エネルギー加速器施設における作業環境や,地表面における中性子線量を正確に測定するためには,レムカウンタでは感度が十分でない20MeV以上の中性子による寄与を無視することはできない。その上,レムカウンタは感度が低く,バックグランド中性子線量率のわずかな変化を測定することはできない。 However, these devices can measure only a dose of one type of radiation with one unit, and in a place where various types of radiation are mixed, it is necessary to measure a total dose by combining a plurality of devices. In addition, in order to accurately measure the background dose rate on the ground surface, it is necessary to consider not only photons and neutrons but also contributions from muons, and it is not possible to measure the total dose even if the above devices are combined. Furthermore, in order to accurately measure the neutron dose at the work environment in the high energy accelerator facility and on the ground surface, the rem counter cannot ignore the contribution of neutrons of 20 MeV or higher, which is not sensitive enough. In addition, the REM counter is insensitive and cannot measure small changes in the background neutron dose rate.
この発明は,以上の通りの事情に鑑みてなされたものであり,従来,複数の装置を用いても測定できなかった幅広いエネルギー範囲の中性子,光子,ミューオンによる線量の高感度測定方法を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and provides a high-sensitivity measurement method for doses using neutrons, photons, and muons in a wide energy range that could not be measured by using a plurality of devices. The purpose is that.
本発明者らは,この目的達成のための鋭意研究の結果,波形弁別により入射放射線を識別可能な特性を持ち,光子,ミューオン及び約1MeV以上の中性子に対して高い感度を有するNE213型有機液体シンチレータと,約1キロ電子ボルト(以下keV)以下の中性子に対して高い感度を有するリチウム-6を含有した銀混入硫化亜鉛シート状シンチレータ(以下,6Li+ZnS(Ag)シート)を組み合わせた検出器からの発光を,光電子増倍管で電気信号に変換した後に数本に分岐させ,各支流の電圧を,デジタル波形解析装置を用いて解析することにより検出器に入射した放射線の種類及びその発光量を決定し,各放射線に対応する発光量から線量への変換演算子を用いることにより,リアルタイムかつ高感度で中性子,光子及びミューオン線量を測定する方法を発明した。 As a result of diligent research to achieve this object, the present inventors have found that NE213-type organic liquid has characteristics that distinguish incident radiation by waveform discrimination and has high sensitivity to photons, muons, and neutrons of about 1 MeV or higher. A combination of a scintillator and a silver sulfide zinc-containing scintillator containing lithium-6 (hereinafter referred to as 6 Li + ZnS (Ag) sheet) containing lithium-6, which has a high sensitivity to neutrons of about 1 kV or less. The light emitted from the detector is converted into an electrical signal by a photomultiplier tube and then branched into several lines. The voltage of each tributary is analyzed using a digital waveform analyzer, and the type of radiation incident on the detector and A method for measuring neutron, photon, and muon doses in real time and with high sensitivity is determined by determining the amount of luminescence and using a luminescence to dose conversion operator corresponding to each radiation. I am clear.
その際,両シンチレータとも感度が十分でない1keVから1MeVまでの中性子による線量は,あらかじめその領域の中性子スペクトルを予想し,その寄与を考慮して求めた発光量から線量への変換演算子を用いて導出した。 At that time, the dose of neutrons from 1keV to 1MeV, which is not sensitive enough for both scintillators, is predicted in advance by using the luminescence-to-dose conversion operator obtained by estimating the neutron spectrum in that region. Derived.
本発明に使用する最適な有機液体は,BC501AなどNE213型の有機液体シンチレータである。本発明における機器の結合形態及びその操作方法は,下記の実施例で説明されるので,本発明の方法を実施した場合の測定結果を図1に示す。図1は、本発明の方法を実施して測定した地表面におけるバックグランド中性子線量率と,一般的なレムカウンタによる測定値を比較した結果を,その統計誤差と共に表している。図より,測定時間が同程度であれば,本発明による測定値の方が,レムカウンタによる測定値よりも統計誤差が極めて小さいことが分かる。また,本発明の方法を実施した場合,レムカウンタでは感度が十分でない20MeV以上の高エネルギー中性子による線量も測定可能なため,その測定値はレムカウンタによる測定値よりも大きくなる。 The most suitable organic liquid used in the present invention is NE213 type organic liquid scintillator such as BC501A. The device coupling mode and the operation method thereof in the present invention will be described in the following examples. The measurement results when the method of the present invention is carried out are shown in FIG. FIG. 1 shows the result of comparing the background neutron dose rate on the ground surface measured by carrying out the method of the present invention and the measured value by a general REM counter together with its statistical error. From the figure, it can be seen that if the measurement times are similar, the measured value according to the present invention has a statistical error much smaller than the measured value by the REM counter. In addition, when the method of the present invention is implemented, since the dose of high energy neutrons of 20 MeV or higher, whose sensitivity is not sufficient with the REM counter, can be measured, the measured value is larger than the measured value with the REM counter.
以下,図面を用いて実施例を示し,この発明の線量測定方法について詳しく説明する。
図2に,この発明の線量測定方法を用いて構築した線量測定システムの一実施例を示す。例として図2に示した検出器は,直径12.7cm厚さ12.4cmの円柱状ガラスセルに封入された有機液体シンチレータBC501Aの前面及び側面に6Li+ZnS(Ag)シートを付着した構造を持つ。この検出器に放射線が入射したときの発光を浜松ホトニクス社製光電子増倍管R4144で電気信号に変換し,そのアノード出力からの信号を3つに分岐させ,各支流の電圧をレクロイ社製デジタルオシロスコープ(以下DSO)Waverunner6100Aによりデジタル化する。その際,各支流を測定するDSOのチャンネルのゲインを変えて,それぞれ違う電圧領域(0.1V以下,0.1から2V,2V以上)に特化することにより,数mVのノイズレベルから10V以上の極めて大きい電圧まで正確にデジタル化する。
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings, and the dose measuring method of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a dose measurement system constructed using the dose measurement method of the present invention. As an example, the detector shown in FIG. 2 has a structure in which a 6 Li + ZnS (Ag) sheet is attached to the front and side of an organic liquid scintillator BC501A enclosed in a cylindrical glass cell having a diameter of 12.7 cm and a thickness of 12.4 cm. . Light emitted when radiation is incident on this detector is converted into an electrical signal by a photomultiplier tube R4144 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. The signal from the anode output is branched into three, and the voltage of each tributary is digitally produced by LeCroy. Digitize with an oscilloscope (DSO) Waverunner 6100A. At that time, by changing the gain of the DSO channel that measures each tributary and specializing it in different voltage ranges (0.1V or less, 0.1 to 2V, 2V or more), the noise level of several mV is extremely higher than 10V. Digitize accurately up to large voltages.
デジタル化した3つの波形データを,デジタルオシロスコープに搭載したデータ解析ソフトを用いて1つに統合する。検出器に入射した放射線の種類は,ゲート積分法と呼ばれる,統合した波形のピーク部分と減衰部分の発光量の2次元プロットにより弁別する方法を用いて特定する。その際,ノイズレベルのゆらぎを補正することにより,放射線弁別性能を安定化させる。また,光子及びミューオン入射によるBC501Aの発光は,その波形の違いにより弁別することが不可能なため,その発光量により弁別する,すなわち,あるしきい値以上の発光量を持つイベントはミューオンによる発光とし,それ以下のイベントは光子による発光とする。入射放射線を特定したイベントの発光量を,それに対応する発光量から線量への変換演算子を用いて線量に変換し,中性子,光子及びミューオンによる線量を導出する。 The three digitized waveform data are integrated into one using the data analysis software installed in the digital oscilloscope. The type of radiation incident on the detector is specified using a method called a gate integration method, which is discriminated by a two-dimensional plot of the light emission amount of the peak portion and the attenuation portion of the integrated waveform. At that time, the radiation discrimination performance is stabilized by correcting the fluctuation of the noise level. In addition, since the light emission of BC501A due to photon and muon incidence cannot be discriminated due to the difference in waveform, it is discriminated based on the light emission amount, that is, an event having a light emission amount above a certain threshold is emitted by muon. And events below that are light emission by photons. The amount of light emitted from an event that identifies incident radiation is converted into a dose using the corresponding light-emission-to-dose conversion operator, and the dose from neutrons, photons, and muons is derived.
各放射線入射に対する発光量から線量への変換演算子は,エネルギーEを持つ放射線に対するフルエンスから線量への換算係数dF(E)と,その放射線が検出器に入射したときに予想される応答関数R(E,L)が次の関係を満たすように,逐次近似法を用いて計算する。 The light-to-dose conversion operator for each radiation incidence is the fluence-to-dose conversion factor d F (E) for radiation with energy E and the expected response function when that radiation is incident on the detector. Calculate using the successive approximation method so that R (E, L) satisfies the following relationship.
[発明の効果]
[The invention's effect]
本発明により,これまで測定が困難であった20MeV以上の高エネルギー中性子やミューオンを含めた,地表面におけるバックグランドに寄与する主な放射線による線量の高感度測定が可能となる。例えば,地表面におけるバックグランド中性子線量率を測定する場合,通常のレムカウンタでは統計誤差10%のデータを得るまでに数時間の測定を必要とするが,本発明を採用した装置を用いれば,約15分の測定で同等の統計誤差を持つデータを得ることができる。また,その際,レムカウンタによる測定値は実際の値より40%程度小さい値となるが,本発明を採用した装置による測定値は,実際の値より約25%の範囲内で大きい値となる。放射線防護の分野では,線量を合理的な範囲内で安全側に評価することが求められており,本発明はその目的を達成する観点からも不可欠である。 According to the present invention, it becomes possible to perform highly sensitive measurement of the dose due to main radiation contributing to the background on the ground surface, including high-energy neutrons and muons of 20 MeV or higher, which have been difficult to measure. For example, when measuring the background neutron dose rate on the ground surface, an ordinary REM counter requires several hours of measurement to obtain data with a statistical error of 10%, but if an apparatus employing the present invention is used, Data with the same statistical error can be obtained in about 15 minutes. At that time, the measured value by the REM counter is about 40% smaller than the actual value, but the measured value by the apparatus adopting the present invention is larger in the range of about 25% than the actual value. . In the field of radiation protection, it is required to evaluate the dose on the safe side within a reasonable range, and the present invention is indispensable from the viewpoint of achieving the object.
Claims (1)
Light emitted from a detector that combines an organic liquid scintillator capable of discriminating incident radiation by waveform discrimination and a silver-containing zinc sulfide sheet scintillator containing lithium-6 is converted into an electrical signal with a photomultiplier tube and then several The type of radiation incident on the detector and the amount of emitted light are determined by analyzing the voltage of each tributary using a digital waveform analyzer, and the calculation of conversion from the amount of emitted light to the dose corresponding to each radiation A method for measuring neutron, photon, and muon doses in real time and with high sensitivity by using a child.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009157115A1 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-30 | 富士電機システムズ株式会社 | Neutron dosimeter |
| JP5512872B1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2014-06-04 | 株式会社東芝 | Particle detector |
| JP2020071120A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Radiation detector |
| US11307311B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2022-04-19 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Messtechnik Gmbh | Gamma ray and neutron dosimeter |
-
2005
- 2005-03-28 JP JP2005091744A patent/JP2006275602A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JPN6010016439, 佐藤達彦、外4名, "100MeVまで対応可能な中性子モニタ用検出器の開発", JAERI−Conf 2003−002, 2003, pp. 78−84, 日本原子力研究所 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009157115A1 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2009-12-30 | 富士電機システムズ株式会社 | Neutron dosimeter |
| CN101796430B (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2013-01-30 | 富士电机株式会社 | Neutron dosimeter |
| JP5512872B1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2014-06-04 | 株式会社東芝 | Particle detector |
| US11307311B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2022-04-19 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Messtechnik Gmbh | Gamma ray and neutron dosimeter |
| US11693128B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2023-07-04 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Messtechnik Gmbh | Gamma ray and neutron dosimeter |
| JP2020071120A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Radiation detector |
| JP7085964B2 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2022-06-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Radiation detector |
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