JP2006158262A - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents
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- JP2006158262A JP2006158262A JP2004352718A JP2004352718A JP2006158262A JP 2006158262 A JP2006158262 A JP 2006158262A JP 2004352718 A JP2004352718 A JP 2004352718A JP 2004352718 A JP2004352718 A JP 2004352718A JP 2006158262 A JP2006158262 A JP 2006158262A
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002060 circadian Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 48
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 22
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 15
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005778 DNA damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000277 DNA damage Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000027288 circadian rhythm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000027665 photoperiodism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011890 leaf development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【課題】 植物の概日サイクルを制御する外部シグナルとして紫外線を使用し、これによって植物の発育を制御して栽培する植物の栽培方法を提供する。
【解決手段】 植物に紫外線を間断的に照射し、植物の発育速度を早めて植物を栽培することを特徴とする。前記紫外線としては、ＵＶ−Ｂ光が好適に使用できる。
【選択図】 図１PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating a plant using ultraviolet rays as an external signal for controlling the circadian cycle of the plant, thereby controlling the growth of the plant and thereby cultivating the plant.
SOLUTION: The plant is cultivated by irradiating the plant with ultraviolet rays intermittently to increase the growth rate of the plant. As the ultraviolet ray, UV-B light can be preferably used.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は植物の栽培方法に関し、より詳細には植物の発育を制御可能とする植物の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method, and more particularly to a plant cultivation method that enables control of plant growth.
植物の発育を制御する方法として光周性を利用する方法は古くから行われてきた。たとえば、温室内で光を照射する時間を調節して開花時期を調節するといった方法である。また、光のかわりに温度を調節することによって発育を制御する方法も行われている。植物の発育を制御して開花時期を調節するといった方法は、より商品価値の高い時期に花や果実を収穫できるようにするといったように用いられる。 As a method for controlling the growth of plants, a method using photoperiodism has been performed for a long time. For example, it is a method of adjusting the flowering time by adjusting the light irradiation time in a greenhouse. There is also a method of controlling growth by adjusting temperature instead of light. A method of controlling the growth of plants and adjusting the flowering time is used so that flowers and fruits can be harvested at a time when the commercial value is higher.
光周性を利用した植物の発育制御は、２４時間の概日サイクルを前提とするもので、概日サイクルを変えることによって発育を制御することが理論的には可能である。従来、植物の発育を制御する方法としては、赤色光あるいは近赤色光を植物に照射することによって日長を変化させて発育を制御する方法が古くから行われており、また他方では赤色光にかえて生育中の植物に対して、特定強度の青色光を照射することにより、植物の花芽形成を促進することができるとの報告がなされている（特許文献１）。この報告によれば、出力波長が４００〜５００ｎｍにピークをもつ青色光からなる人工光を照射することによって、花芽形成を促進する効果があるとされている。
植物の発育を制御する目的で赤色光あるいは青色光を植物に照射する方法は、植物組織に含まれている赤色光に対する受容体や青色光に対する受容体による作用を利用して花芽形成時期を抑制したり、促進したりしようとするものである。しかしながら、植物の概日サイクルを作り出す機構はいまだ解明されておらず、どのような外部シグナルが植物の概日サイクルを制御する上で有効かは明確になっていない。 The method of irradiating plants with red or blue light for the purpose of controlling the growth of plants is to suppress the flower bud formation time by using the action of receptors for red light and receptors for blue light contained in plant tissues. Or trying to promote. However, the mechanism that creates the circadian cycle of the plant has not yet been elucidated, and it is not clear what external signals are effective in controlling the circadian cycle of the plant.
本発明者はこのような植物の発育に関連して、植物の概日サイクルを制御する方法について検討し、赤色光や青色光以外に紫外線が概日サイクルの制御に有効であることを見いだし、本発明を想到するにいたった。
すなわち、本発明は、植物に作用させる外部シグナルとして紫外線を利用することによって植物の発育を制御する植物の栽培方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
In connection with the development of such plants, the present inventor examined a method for controlling the circadian cycle of the plant, found that ultraviolet rays other than red light and blue light are effective for controlling the circadian cycle, The present invention has been conceived.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method that controls the growth of a plant by using ultraviolet rays as an external signal that acts on the plant.
本発明者は植物の概日サイクルを制御する外部シグナルとして紫外線が有効に作用し得るか否かについての実験を行い、紫外線とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光領域の紫外線が植物の発育速度を制御する外部シグナルとして有効に作用し得ることを見いだした。本発明は、紫外線とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光領域の紫外線が植物の発育制御に有効に作用することを利用し、植物に紫外線とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光を間断的に照射することによって植物の発育速度を制御することを特徴とする。植物に紫外線とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射する際には、照射時間および照射間隔を適宜設定して行えばよい。 The present inventor conducted an experiment as to whether or not ultraviolet rays can act effectively as an external signal for controlling the circadian cycle of a plant. Ultraviolet rays, particularly ultraviolet rays in the UV-B light region, control external growth signals. I found out that it can work effectively. The present invention utilizes the fact that ultraviolet rays, particularly ultraviolet rays in the UV-B light region, effectively act on plant growth control, and controls the growth rate of plants by intermittently irradiating plants with ultraviolet rays, particularly UV-B light. It is characterized by doing. What is necessary is just to set an irradiation time and an irradiation interval suitably, when irradiating a plant with ultraviolet rays, especially UV-B light.
この栽培方法によれば、紫外線を植物に照射する時間間隔を２４時間よりも短くすることによって植物の発育速度を通常の２４時間サイクルによる発育速度にくらべて促進させることができるから、この作用を利用して花芽の形成時期や果実の収穫時期を通常の開花時期等よりも早めることが可能になる。この栽培方法は、収穫時期等を早めるといった利用の他に、育種期間を短縮して新品種を育成するといった操作にも応用することが可能である。 According to this cultivation method, since the time interval of irradiating the plant with ultraviolet rays is shorter than 24 hours, the growth rate of the plant can be promoted compared to the growth rate of the normal 24-hour cycle. Utilizing this makes it possible to advance the flower bud formation time and the fruit harvest time earlier than the normal flowering time. This cultivation method can be applied to operations such as shortening the breeding period and growing new varieties, in addition to the use of shortening the harvest time and the like.
植物の概日リズムを作り出す外部シグナルとして利用できるものとして、本発明者が検討対象とした太陽光に含まれる紫外線は、可視光とは異なり、一日のうちで南中時に最も強くなるという照射リズムを持っている。とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光（波長２８０〜３２０ｎｍ）は、太陽の照射量が変動しても、一日のうちでの照射リズムが変わらないという特徴がある。たとえば、ＵＶ−Ｂ光よりも長波長側の紫外線ＵＶ−Ａ（波長３２０〜４００ｎｍ）は、晴天の場合と曇天の場合とで照射量が変動し、必ずしも一定の２４時間リズムにならない。これに対して、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の全天放射に対する比率は天候に関わらず、２４時間の明確な周期を有している。したがって、このＵＶ−Ｂ光が植物の概日リズムを作り出す外部シグナルとなり得ると考えられる。 Irradiation that the ultraviolet rays contained in the sunlight considered by the present inventors, which can be used as an external signal that creates the circadian rhythm of plants, is the strongest during the day in the middle of the day, unlike visible light. I have a rhythm. In particular, UV-B light (wavelength 280 to 320 nm) is characterized in that the irradiation rhythm within a day does not change even when the amount of irradiation with the sun changes. For example, the ultraviolet ray UV-A (wavelength of 320 to 400 nm) longer than the UV-B light varies in the amount of light between fine weather and cloudy, and does not necessarily have a constant rhythm for 24 hours. On the other hand, the ratio of the UV-B light to the total sky radiation has a clear period of 24 hours regardless of the weather. Therefore, it is considered that this UV-B light can be an external signal that creates the circadian rhythm of plants.
また、植物は光合成によってエネルギー源としての太陽光を利用する一方、太陽光にはＤＮＡの損傷をひきおこす有害な紫外線が含まれているから、紫外線に対処するために植物は、日々の紫外線照射に合わせた生体リズムを持つ必要がある。地上に放射される紫外線のうち生物に作用する影響がもっとも大きいのはＵＶ−Ｂ光である。したがって、植物は紫外線とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光に対して何らかの作用を持っている可能性がある。 Plants use sunlight as an energy source through photosynthesis, but sunlight contains harmful ultraviolet rays that cause DNA damage. Therefore, plants are exposed to daily ultraviolet irradiation to deal with ultraviolet rays. It is necessary to have a combined biological rhythm. Among the ultraviolet rays radiated to the ground, UV-B light has the greatest effect on living organisms. Therefore, plants may have some effect on ultraviolet rays, particularly UV-B light.
後述するように、レタスおよび白菜にＵＶ−Ｂ光を間断照射して育苗した実験によると、ＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射した苗の出葉速度は、ＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射しない苗の出葉速度を大きく上回るものとなり、ＵＶ−Ｂ光がレタスおよび白菜の発育を促進させる効果があることが確かめられた。このことは、ＵＶ−Ｂ光が植物の発育を促進させる上で有効であり、ＵＶ−Ｂ光が植物の概日サイクルを制御する作用を有すること、ＵＶ−Ｂ光受容体が植物体内に存在する可能性を示唆する。 As will be described later, according to an experiment in which lettuce and Chinese cabbage were irradiated with UV-B light intermittently, the leafing speed of the seedling irradiated with UV-B light was the leafing speed of the seedling not irradiated with UV-B light. It was confirmed that UV-B light has the effect of promoting the growth of lettuce and Chinese cabbage. This is because UV-B light is effective in promoting plant growth, UV-B light has the action of controlling the circadian cycle of the plant, and the UV-B photoreceptor exists in the plant body. I suggest the possibility to do.
なお、ＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射することによって発育が促進されるとすると、照射頻度が多くなればそれにしたがって発育速度も早まることになるが、育苗時における出葉速度を観察した実験結果によると、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射回数とともに出葉速度が高くなるのではなく、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射頻度はある程度の回数を上限として出葉速度が低下する。
このように必ずしもＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射頻度を高くすることが有効とはならない理由の一つとしては、ＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射することによって植物の生長が阻害されることが考えられる。前述したように、紫外線とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光を植物に照射すると、ＤＮＡが損傷を受ける。ＤＮＡの損傷は青色光を照射することによって修復することが可能であるが、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射頻度が高くなりすぎると、光による回復が不十分になり、発育速度が低下するようになると考えられる。
In addition, if the growth is promoted by irradiating with UV-B light, if the irradiation frequency is increased, the growth rate will be accelerated accordingly, but according to the experimental results of observing the leafing speed at the time of seedling, The leafing speed does not increase with the number of times of irradiation with UV-B light, but the leafing speed decreases with the upper limit of the number of times of irradiation with UV-B light.
As described above, one of the reasons why it is not always effective to increase the irradiation frequency of UV-B light is that the growth of plants is inhibited by irradiation with UV-B light. As described above, when a plant is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, particularly UV-B light, DNA is damaged. DNA damage can be repaired by irradiating with blue light, but if the frequency of UV-B light irradiation becomes too high, recovery by light will be insufficient and the growth rate will decrease. Conceivable.
また、他の理由としては、植物が感じる日数と植物が感じる温度（熱量）によってＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射頻度が制限されることが考えられる。
植物に光を照射したときに植物が感じる昼または夜を「主観的昼」または「主観的夜」ということと同様に、植物に光（ＵＶ−Ｂ光）を照射する作用によって植物が１日と感じる日数を主観的日数とし、植物が１日に感じる温度（１日に受容する熱量）を主観的温度ということにすると、たとえば恒温状態で、１時間に１回の照射頻度で植物にＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射したとすると、植物の主観的日数は１時間が１日に相当し、２４時間が２４日となる。一方、主観的温度でみた場合、１時間での受容温度（熱量）は１日の１／２４となり、主観的温度は下がることになる。すなわち、主観的温度でみると１時間は１／２４（日）ということになる。
Another reason is that the irradiation frequency of the UV-B light is limited by the number of days felt by the plant and the temperature (heat quantity) felt by the plant.
The day or night that the plant feels when the plant is irradiated with light is referred to as “subjective day” or “subjective night”. If the temperature that the plant feels per day (the amount of heat received per day) is defined as the subjective temperature, the UV is applied to the plant at an irradiation frequency of once per hour in a constant temperature state, for example. Assuming that -B light is irradiated, the subjective number of days of the plant is equivalent to 1 hour per day, and 24 hours is 24 days. On the other hand, when viewed from the subjective temperature, the acceptance temperature (heat amount) in 1 hour is 1/24 per day, and the subjective temperature decreases. That is, in terms of subjective temperature, one hour is 1/24 (day).
主観的日数で１時間が１日になるということは発育速度が速くなるということであり、一方、主観的温度で１時間が１／２４（日）になるということは発育速度が抑制されるということである。このように植物の発育に関与する要因としては、日数や温度をそれぞれ単独で考えることはできず、主観的日数と主観的温度の双方の要因をもとに考える必要がある。
すなわち、紫外線（ＵＶ−Ｂ光）の照射頻度が増すとともに、主観的日数からみた発育速度Ａは速くなる一方、主観的温度からみた発育速度Ｂは遅くなるから、主観的日数と主観的温度からみた発育速度Ｂとの相互作用Ａ×Ｂが最大となる照射頻度が存在すると考えることができる。
One hour per day in subjective days means that the growth rate is faster, while one hour in subjective temperatures becomes 1/24 (days), and the growth rate is suppressed. That's what it means. As described above, as factors relating to plant growth, the number of days and the temperature cannot be considered independently, and it is necessary to consider them based on the factors of both the subjective days and the subjective temperature.
That is, as the irradiation frequency of ultraviolet rays (UV-B light) increases, the growth rate A as viewed from the subjective number of days increases, while the growth rate B as viewed from the subjective temperature decreases. It can be considered that there is an irradiation frequency that maximizes the interaction A × B with the observed growth rate B.
なお、植物に紫外線（ＵＶ−Ｂ光）を照射して発育速度を制御する場合には、照射頻度の他に、植物に照射された紫外線の累積照射時間も影響するものと考えられ、またさらに他の要因が寄与することも考えられる。
また、紫外線（ＵＶ−Ｂ光）が植物の生長を阻害する要因になることから、実際に紫外線（ＵＶ−Ｂ光）を照射して植物の発育を制御して栽培する場合には、紫外線の照射頻度とあわせて照射時間やエネルギー強度を調節し、植物の生長との兼ね合いをみながら植物の発育を促進させるようにするのがよい。
紫外線、とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射することによって植物の発育を制御する方法は、赤色光や青色光を利用する方法と比較して有効であり、本発明は種々の植物の栽培に有効に利用することが可能である。
In addition, when the growth rate is controlled by irradiating the plant with ultraviolet rays (UV-B light), it is considered that the cumulative irradiation time of the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the plants is affected in addition to the irradiation frequency. Other factors may also contribute.
In addition, since ultraviolet rays (UV-B light) become a factor that inhibits the growth of plants, when cultivating by controlling the growth of plants by actually irradiating ultraviolet rays (UV-B light), It is recommended to adjust the irradiation time and energy intensity along with the irradiation frequency to promote the growth of the plant while considering the balance with the growth of the plant.
The method of controlling the growth of plants by irradiating ultraviolet rays, particularly UV-B light, is more effective than the method using red light or blue light, and the present invention is effectively used for cultivation of various plants. Is possible.
本発明に係る植物の栽培方法は、植物に紫外線とくにＵＶ−Ｂ光を植物に照射して植物の発育を制御して栽培する方法であり、植物の発育を制御する場合に有効に利用することができ、発育のステージを効果的に進めるといった利用が可能であることから、植物の生育を早めて花芽が形成される時期を制御したり、収穫時期を早めるといった利用が可能になる。 The plant cultivation method according to the present invention is a method for cultivating a plant by irradiating the plant with ultraviolet rays, particularly UV-B light, to control the growth of the plant, and is used effectively when controlling the growth of the plant. Therefore, it can be used to effectively advance the stage of development, so that it can be used to control the time when the flower buds are formed by accelerating the growth of the plant, or to advance the harvest time.
以下、本発明の実施例として、レタスの栽培に本発明を適用した実験結果について説明する。
実験は、レタス（品種：パトリオット）をトレイに播種し、１５℃、白色蛍光灯を２４時間連続照射する条件下で育苗し、ＵＶ−Ｂライトを間断照射しない対照区と、ＵＶ−Ｂライトを間断照射した実施例区とで、レタスの発育の指標となる葉数の変化を調べることによって行った。実験は対照区の平均が４葉になるまで行った。
Hereinafter, the experimental result which applied this invention to cultivation of lettuce is demonstrated as an Example of this invention.
In the experiment, lettuce (variety: Patriot) was sown on a tray, seedlings were grown under conditions of continuous irradiation with white fluorescent light for 24 hours at 15 ° C., UV-B light was not irradiated intermittently, and UV-B light was It was carried out by examining the change in the number of leaves, which is an indicator of lettuce growth, in the Example section irradiated intermittently. The experiment was conducted until the average of the control group reached 4 leaves.
実験区は以下のとおりである。
対照区：２４時間日長で、通常の栽培方法による。実施例区１（１ｈ照射区）：ＵＶ−Ｂライトを１時間に１回、１５分間ずつ照射する（１日にＵＶ−Ｂライトを２４回照射）。実施例区２（２ｈ照射区）：ＵＶ−Ｂライトを２時間に１回、１５分間ずつ照射する（１日にＵＶ−Ｂライトを１２回照射）。実施例区３（３ｈ照射区）：ＵＶ−Ｂライトを３時間に１回、１５分間ずつ照射する（１日にＵＶ−Ｂライトを８回照射）。
なお、使用したＵＶ−Ｂライトは中心波長３０２ｎｍの紫外線ランプであり、トレイとの距離を約２０ｃｍに設定した。また、日長に合わせて白色光を点灯した。
The experimental areas are as follows.
Control group: 24 hours long, according to normal cultivation method. Example group 1 (1 h irradiation group): UV-B light is irradiated once per hour for 15 minutes (UV-B light is irradiated 24 times a day). Example group 2 (2h irradiation group): UV-B light is irradiated once every 2 hours for 15 minutes (irradiated with UV-B light 12 times a day). Example group 3 (3 h irradiation group): UV-B light is irradiated once every 3 hours for 15 minutes each (irradiation with UV-
The UV-B light used was an ultraviolet lamp with a central wavelength of 302 nm, and the distance from the tray was set to about 20 cm. Also, white light was turned on according to the day length.
図１は、トレイに植えたレタスの本葉が展開数がどのように変化したかを示している。本葉が２枚になったのは播種してから１２日目で、対照区、実施例区ともほぼ同時期に本葉２枚となった。１５日目になると、対照区と各実施例区での本葉の展開数に明らかな差がみられるようになる。
対照区の本葉が４枚になったのは２６日目である。このときの対照区、１ｈ照射区、２ｈ照射区、３ｈ照射区での本葉展開数は平均して、４．０２枚、６．７９枚、８．０３枚、５．９６枚である。本葉展開数を比較すると、２ｈ照射区が最も展開数が多く、次いで１ｈ照射区、３ｈ照射区、対照区の順となっている。
FIG. 1 shows how the number of unfolded leaves of lettuce planted on a tray has changed. The number of true leaves became 12 on the 12th day after sowing, and the number of true leaves was almost the same in both the control group and the example group. On the 15th day, there is a clear difference in the number of true leaves deployed in the control plot and each example plot.
It is the 26th day that the number of true leaves in the control ward became four. At this time, the number of true leaves in the control group, 1h irradiation group, 2h irradiation group, and 3h irradiation group is 4.02, 6.79, 8.03, and 5.96 on average. Comparing the number of true leaves, the 2h irradiation group has the largest number of developments, followed by the 1h irradiation group, the 3h irradiation group, and the control group.
図２は、播種してから２６日目での本葉展開数を、１日におけるＵＶ−Ｂライトの照射回数に対して表したグラフである。１日に１５分間ずつ２時間おきにＵＶ−Ｂライトを１２回照射した場合が最大となり、次いで２４回照射した場合、８回照射した場合の順となっている。
図１、図２に示す実験結果は、対照区に対してＵＶ−Ｂライトを照射した実施例区の場合に本葉展開数がはっきりと増加していること、いいかえれば、実施例区の場合はいずれも対照区にくらべてレタスの発育が促進されていることを示している。
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the number of true leaves deployed on the 26th day after sowing with respect to the number of UV-B light irradiations in one day. The case where the UV-B light is irradiated 12 times every 2 hours for 15 minutes a day is the maximum, and then the case where the irradiation is performed 24 times is followed by the case where the irradiation is performed 8 times.
The experimental results shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show that the number of true leaves is clearly increased in the case of the embodiment group irradiated with UV-B light with respect to the control group. These show that lettuce development is promoted compared to the control.
図３は、対照区の本葉が４葉になったときの各実施区の苗をポットへ移植し、９０日経過後の花芽分化割合を測定した結果を示す。
著しく生長が劣った１ｈ照射区を除くと、照射頻度が高いほど９０日目の花芽分化個体割合も高く、発育速度が早まっていることがわかる。
図４は、育苗時におけるＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射頻度とポットへ移植して９０日経過後の花芽分化割合を示す。
移植後９０日では、１ｈ区を除くと、照射頻度と花芽分化個体割合には高い相関があり、照射頻度を調整することが発育調節に重要なことがわかる。
図５は、育苗温度を変えたときの、２ｈ照射区と対照区での本葉展開数を調べた結果を示す。この実験結果は、育苗温度を変えた場合も、対照区と実施例区とでは、本葉展開数に明らかな差が生じることを示している。
FIG. 3 shows the results of measuring the proportion of flower bud differentiation after 90 days after transplanting the seedlings of each of the implementation groups when the number of the main leaves of the control group became 4 leaves.
Excluding the 1h irradiation section where the growth was remarkably inferior, it can be seen that the higher the irradiation frequency, the higher the proportion of flower bud differentiation on the 90th day and the faster the growth rate.
FIG. 4 shows the irradiation frequency of UV-B light at the time of raising seedlings and the flower bud differentiation rate after 90 days after transplanting into a pot.
On the 90th day after transplantation, except for the 1h section, there is a high correlation between the irradiation frequency and the proportion of flower bud differentiation individuals, and it can be seen that adjusting the irradiation frequency is important for growth control.
FIG. 5 shows the results of examining the number of true leaf deployments in the 2 h irradiation group and the control group when the seedling temperature was changed. This experimental result shows that even when the seedling temperature is changed, there is a clear difference in the number of true leaves between the control group and the example group.
図６はレタスと白菜について、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射強度が本葉展開数にどのように影響するかを実験した結果を示す。同図で横軸が経過日時、縦軸が本葉の平均枚数である。なお、使用したレタスの品種は「パトリオット」、白菜は「春光」である。
実験は、気温２０℃一定、白色蛍光灯を連続照射する条件下で行った。使用したＵＶ−Ｂライトは中心波長３０２ｎｍの紫外線ランプであり、トレイとの距離を約２０ｃｍに設定した。また、白色光は連続照射した。ＵＶ−Ｂライトは、２時間ごとに７分間照射した。
FIG. 6 shows the results of experiments on how the irradiation intensity of UV-B light affects the number of true leaves on lettuce and Chinese cabbage. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents elapsed time and the vertical axis represents the average number of true leaves. The varieties of lettuce used were “Patriot”, and the Chinese cabbage was “Harukatsu”.
The experiment was performed under the condition where the white fluorescent lamp was continuously irradiated at a constant temperature of 20 ° C. The UV-B light used was an ultraviolet lamp with a central wavelength of 302 nm, and the distance from the tray was set to about 20 cm. White light was continuously irradiated. The UV-B light was irradiated for 7 minutes every 2 hours.
図６に示すグラフで、ＵＶ−Ｂ光レタス、ＵＶ−Ｂ光ハクサイとあるのは、レタスと白菜に、ＵＶ−Ｂライトをそのまま（遮蔽したりすることなく）２時間ごとに７分間の頻度で照射したことを示す。また、ＵＶ−Ｂ光１／２レタス、ＵＶ−Ｂ光１／２ハクサイとあるのは、ＵＶ−Ｂライトの面積を１／２に減らして、ＵＶ−ＢライトからのＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射量を１／２にしたことを示す。また、ＵＶ−Ｂ光１／４レタス、ＵＶ−Ｂ光１／４ハクサイとあるのは、ＵＶ−Ｂライトの面積をさらに１／２減らして、ＵＶ−ＢライトからのＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射量を１／４にしたことを示す。
In the graph shown in FIG. 6, UV-B light lettuce and UV-B light Chinese cabbage have a frequency of 7 minutes every 2 hours for lettuce and Chinese cabbage with UV-B light as it is (without blocking). It shows that it was irradiated with. Also, UV-B light ½ lettuce and UV-B light ½ cabbage reduce the area of UV-B light by half and irradiate UV-B light from UV-B light. Indicates that the amount is halved. In addition, the UV-
図６に示す実験結果は、レタスおよび白菜ともに、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射強度（照射量）が強いほど、発育速度に対する影響が大きくなることを示す。また、レタスおよび白菜とも、ＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射しない対照区のものと比較して、ＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射することによって、生育とともに本葉の展開数が多くなり、ＵＶ−Ｂ光を照射することによって発育速度が速まっていることがわかる。 The experimental results shown in FIG. 6 indicate that, for both lettuce and Chinese cabbage, the influence on the growth rate increases as the irradiation intensity (irradiation amount) of UV-B light increases. In addition, both lettuce and Chinese cabbage are irradiated with UV-B light, and the number of unfolded leaves increases with growth, and UV-B light is irradiated. It can be seen that the growth rate is accelerated.
図７は、図６に示した実験と同様の条件でレタスと白菜について、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射強度が本葉展開数にどのように影響するかを実験した結果を示す。レタスと白菜に照射するＵＶ−Ｂ光は、ＵＶ−Ｂライトを１／２に減光した場合と、ＵＶ−Ｂライトを１／４に減光して使用した。また、本実験においては、レタスと白菜にＵＶ−Ａ光を照射してＵＶ−Ａ光がレタスと白菜の発育速度にどのように影響するかも調べた。ＵＶ−Ａ光の光源としては、中心波長３６５ｎｍのＵＶ−Ａライトを使用した。ＵＶ−Ｂ光とＵＶ−Ａ光は、ともに２時間ごとに１５分間照射する条件とした。 FIG. 7 shows the results of experiments on how the irradiation intensity of UV-B light affects the number of true leaves developed for lettuce and Chinese cabbage under the same conditions as the experiment shown in FIG. The UV-B light used for irradiating lettuce and Chinese cabbage was used when the UV-B light was reduced to 1/2 and when the UV-B light was reduced to 1/4. In this experiment, lettuce and Chinese cabbage were irradiated with UV-A light to examine how UV-A light affects the growth rate of lettuce and Chinese cabbage. A UV-A light having a central wavelength of 365 nm was used as a light source for UV-A light. Both UV-B light and UV-A light were irradiated for 15 minutes every 2 hours.
図７に示す実験結果は、図６に示す実験結果と同様に、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射強度が強いほど、本葉展開数が多くなる、いいかえれば発育速度が速くなることを示す。また、ＵＶ−Ａ光を照射した実験区と、ＵＶ−Ｂ光もＵＶ−Ａ光も照射しない対照区とを比較すると、本葉の展開数についてはまったく差異がないことがわかる。このことは、ＵＶ−Ａ光がレタスと白菜の発育速度に影響していないことを示す。 The experimental result shown in FIG. 7 shows that the number of true leaf deployment increases as the irradiation intensity of UV-B light increases, in other words, the growth rate increases, similarly to the experimental result shown in FIG. Further, comparing the experimental group irradiated with UV-A light and the control group irradiated with neither UV-B light nor UV-A light, it can be seen that there is no difference in the number of development of true leaves. This indicates that UV-A light does not affect the growth rate of lettuce and Chinese cabbage.
以上説明した実験結果は、レタスおよび白菜にＵＶ−Ｂ光を間断照射することによって出葉速度を大きく変化させることができること、また、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射頻度をある程度高めることによって発育を促進させる（出葉速度と開花が早まる）ことができること、ＵＶ−Ｂ光の照射強度を強くすることによって発育速度を速めることができることを示している。このことは、ＵＶ−Ｂ光が植物の概日サイクルを調節する作用があり、また、植物体内にＵＶ−Ｂ光の受容体が存在する可能性を示唆するものである。 The experimental results described above indicate that the leafing speed can be greatly changed by intermittently irradiating lettuce and Chinese cabbage with UV-B light, and the growth frequency is promoted by increasing the frequency of UV-B light irradiation to some extent. It shows that the rate of emergence and flowering can be accelerated, and that the growth rate can be increased by increasing the irradiation intensity of UV-B light. This suggests the possibility that UV-B light has an effect of regulating the circadian cycle of the plant and that a receptor for UV-B light exists in the plant body.
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