JP2006012602A - Storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a safety storage battery wherein fusing surely takes place in the storage battery for blocking an outer short circuit and preventing spark by the member blown out in the storage battery when the outer short circuit occurs in the storage battery. <P>SOLUTION: This storage battery provided with a positive terminal and a negative terminal has a fuse part formed in a connection path between the positive terminal or the negative terminal and a strap or in a connection path between cells by straps, and a fuse member storing part for housing the fused fuse member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to measures against external short circuits in storage batteries.

  The power generation element of the storage battery is composed of positive / negative electrode plates, separators, and electrolyte, and each component uses a low-resistance member so that a large current can be taken out during discharge, and the internal resistance of the storage battery is very high. Generally, it has a small configuration. Therefore, it is well known that a large current flows if the resistance of an externally connected load is small. A straightforward example is the case where the positive and negative terminals are contacted via a copper wire, for example, with a very low resistance for some reason. That is, it is a state called an external short circuit.

  When an external short circuit occurs, one of the following states occurs in the storage battery. One is a case where a large current discharge due to an external short circuit is continued and all the electrical energy in the storage battery is released. In this case, the temperature in the storage battery rises due to a large current, and in a storage battery using a water-based electrolyte, water vapor is generated, the surface temperature of the storage battery rises to about 90 ° C., and a resin battery case is used. In such a case, the battery case may be deformed.

  In the other case, any of the conductors in the storage battery cannot withstand a large current discharge, so that it melts. In that case, the electrode plate ear portion having a small cross-sectional area often melts. If fusing occurs in the vicinity of the positive and negative electrode plates in the storage battery in this way, the fusing part may contact the positive and negative electrode plates to cause a short circuit, which may cause sparks. When an aqueous solution system is used for the electrolytic solution, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas may be generated by electrolysis of water during charging and stay in the storage battery. If a spark occurs in such a state, the storage battery may be damaged. In addition, in a storage battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte, the storage battery may be damaged when a spark occurs depending on the type of the electrolyte.

  Patent Document 1 proposes a method for preventing damage to a storage battery even if the inner conductor portion is melted due to the occurrence of an external short circuit.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-56967

  When the external short circuit occurs, it is preferable that any part in the storage battery is melted, the external short circuit is cut off, and the melted part is not in contact with the positive / negative electrode plate. Preferably it is.

  As a countermeasure against this, in Patent Document 1 described in the section “Background Art”, a proposal has been made in which a fuse portion in which the diameter of the pole column is reduced is provided.

  In this case, since the fuse portion is isolated by the sealing member, the occurrence of sparks in the storage battery can be avoided even if the fuse portion is blown. However, there is no escape place for the melted member, and there is a possibility that the conductive path in the storage battery is continued without being interrupted. In this case, there is a problem that the dangerous state of the storage battery cannot be avoided.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery in which, when an external short circuit occurs, the fusing occurs surely in the storage battery, the external short circuit is interrupted, and no spark is generated in the storage battery. It is to provide.

  As means for solving the problems of the present invention, the invention according to claim 1 is a storage battery including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, a connection path between the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal and a strap, or a cell between the straps. A fuse portion formed in the connection path and a fuse member storage portion for storing a blown fuse member are provided.

  As described above, in a storage battery including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, a fuse portion formed in a connection path between the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal and a strap, or an inter-cell connection path between straps, and fusing By having a structure including a fuse member storage portion for storing the fuse member, when an external short circuit occurs, the fuse member is melted and the blown fuse member is stored in the fuse member storage portion. The conductive path in the storage battery is reliably cut off, and the blown fuse member does not reach the space in the storage battery. Therefore, the state where all the electric energy is not released without interrupting the conductive path as in the conventional case does not occur, and no spark is generated in the storage battery, and a dangerous state in the storage battery can be immediately avoided, The industrial effect is extremely large.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention is a storage battery including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, and is formed in a connection path between the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal and a strap, or an inter-cell connection path between straps. In other words, the structure includes a fuse portion and a fuse member storage portion for storing a fused fuse member.

  Of course, the fuse part here is a part that melts preferentially over the other conductor part of the storage battery. Specifically, the connection path between the positive terminal or the negative terminal and the strap, or the connection between the cells by the straps. A method of forming a portion with a small cross-sectional area and a large resistance in the path and fusing it with high resistance heat generation, or introducing a member with a lower melting point than the member used for the pole column or strap in the connection path And the method of melting that part preferentially is mentioned. However, any member or shape that can be easily melted to a large current may be used, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

  In addition, a strap here means the part where the polar plates of the same polarity, especially the ear | edge parts of the said polar plate are electrically connected by welding etc.

  The pole column is also called a pole, and refers to a portion connecting the strap and a terminal formed outside the storage battery.

The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a control valve type lead storage battery showing Embodiment 1 based on the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a battery case of the storage battery, 2 is its lid, 3 is a strap, 4 is a pole, 51 is Cylindrical terminal, 6 is an electrode plate ear, 7 is a sealing member, 81 is a high resistance fuse portion, 9 is a fuse member housing portion, 10 is an electrode plate, 11 is the upper portion of the electrode plate 10 and the sealing member 7 The space in a storage battery formed between the lower surface of each is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a storage battery having a structure in which a strap 3 and a pole 4 are integrally formed and a cylindrical terminal 51 is welded and connected to the pole 4, and is connected to a connection portion between the strap 3 and the pole 4. A high resistance type fuse portion 81 having a smaller cross-sectional area than both of them is formed, and a fuse member accommodating portion 9 is formed in the lower portion thereof. The high resistance type fuse portion 81 and the fuse member accommodating portion 9 are accommodated in the sealing member 7. Structure.

  Because of the structure as described above, when an external short circuit occurs and a large current flows, heat generation of the high resistance fuse portion 81 having a small cross-sectional area increases and melts at that portion. Conventionally, since the fuse portion 81 is only housed in the sealing member 7, there is no escape place for the melted member, and it is possible that the external short circuit continues without interruption of the conductive path. By providing the fuse member housing part 9 as in the invention, the melted member of the fuse part 81 is housed in the housing part 9, so that the conductive path is immediately and reliably cut, and the external short circuit is cut off. Further, since the high resistance type fuse portion 81 and the fuse member storage portion 9 are stored in the sealing member 7, since the melted member cannot reach the space 11 in the storage battery, a spark is generated in the storage battery. Therefore, the dangerous state of the storage battery can be avoided immediately.

The position where the fuse member storage portion 9 is provided is not particularly limited. However, when the storage battery is installed upright, as shown in FIG. It is effective to be provided below the portion 81.
(Example 2)
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a second embodiment according to the present invention. Reference numeral 52 denotes an L-shaped terminal. The other components are given the same numbers as in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the second embodiment, a part of the L-shaped terminal 52 has a small cross-sectional area and a high resistance fuse portion 81 is formed, and a fuse member housing portion 9 is formed below the high resistance fuse portion 81. The high resistance fuse portion 81 and the fuse member storage portion 9 are stored in the sealing member 7. Therefore, it can be easily understood that the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained.
Example 3
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the essential part showing Embodiment 3 based on the present invention, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, in Example 3, the cells 3 are directly connected to each other by the straps 3, and a high resistance type fuse portion 81 having a small cross-sectional area is formed at a portion where the straps 3 are connected to each other, and a lower portion thereof is formed. In the structure in which the fuse member housing portion 9 is provided, the high resistance type fuse portion 81 and the fuse member housing portion 9 are housed in the sealing member 7. Therefore, it can be easily understood that the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained.
Example 4
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a main part showing a fourth embodiment based on the present invention, and 12 shows a connecting rod. The other components are given the same numbers as in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, in Example 4, the straps 3 are connected to each other by a connecting rod 12, and a high resistance type fuse portion 81 having a small cross-sectional area is formed in a part of the connecting rod 12, and a lower portion thereof. In this structure, a fuse member storage portion 9 is provided. The high-resistance fuse 81 and the fuse member storage 9 are stored in the sealing member 7. Therefore, it can be easily understood that the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained.
(Example 5)
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a main part showing a fifth embodiment according to the present invention. Reference numeral 82 denotes a low melting point fuse part. The other components are given the same numbers as in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 5, in Example 5, the strap 3 and the pole 4 are connected via a low melting point fuse portion 82, and a fuse member storage portion is provided below the low melting point fuse portion 82. 9 is formed. Further, the low melting point type fuse portion 82 and the fuse member accommodating portion 9 are accommodated in the sealing member 7 as in the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  Here, a Pb-1.0 mass% Sn alloy is used for the strap 3 and the pole 4, and eutectic solder is used for the low melting point fuse portion 82. The melting point of Pb-1.0 mass% Sn alloy is almost the same as the melting point of pure lead, 327 ° C, whereas that of eutectic solder is 183 ° C, and when an external short circuit occurs and a large current flows Since the fuse portion 82 is fused preferentially and stored in the fuse member storage portion 9, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In the fifth embodiment, eutectic solder is used for the low melting point fuse portion 82. However, the melting point is much lower than the melting points of the members used for the strap 3 and the pole 4 having conductivity. And a member that can be welded / connected to the members of the strap 3 and the pole 4, and is not limited to the eutectic solder.

  Moreover, although Example 5 is an example which used the eutectic solder for the part which connects the strap 3 and the pole pole 4 about the storage battery of the structure of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 are used. Also for the storage battery having the structure shown, a low melting point fuse portion 82 can be used in place of the high resistance fuse portion 81 used in the storage battery.

  Next, a description will be given of the results of tests conducted to specifically show the effects of the present invention.

For a control valve type lead acid battery having a nominal voltage of 12 V and a rated capacity of 40 Ah (C ₂₀ ), a battery having a high resistance fuse portion 81 formed between the strap 3 and the pole 4 of Example 1 shown in FIG. did. At that time, the cross-sectional area of the high resistance type fuse portion 81 was set to 30 mm ^2, and the cross-sectional area of other portions was set to 50 mm ² or more. Further, the volume of the fuse member housing 9 provided at the lower part of the high resistance fuse 81 is 200 mm ³ . Let this storage battery be A.

Next, about the same control valve type lead acid battery as the above, the thing of the structure which connected the straps 3 of Example 3 shown in FIG. 3 between cells was produced. Also in this case, the cross-sectional area of the high resistance type fuse portion 81 was 30 mm ² , and the other portions were 50 mm ² or more. The volume of the fuse member storage portion 9 was also 200 mm ³ . Let this storage battery be B.

  As a comparative product, a high resistance fuse portion 81 having the same structure as that of FIG. 1 was provided, but a storage battery without the fuse member storage portion 9 was produced. Let this storage battery be C.

  As another comparative product, a high resistance fuse portion 81 having the same structure as that of FIG. 3 was provided, but a storage battery without the fuse member housing portion 9 was produced. Let this storage battery be D.

The rated capacity here refers to the amount of electricity determined by the manufacturer that can be taken out of the storage battery when discharged under specified conditions, and is usually indicated by Ah. Also, the rated capacity is usually displayed as C, and _N when displayed as CN represents a time rate, which means the rated capacity at that time rate. That is, when 40 Ah is described in C ₂₀ as described above, when the storage battery is discharged at 40 Ah / 20 h (hours) = 2 A, the discharge duration is 20 h or more, that is, 2 A × 20 h = 40 Ah or more. It means that capacity is obtained.

  As described above, the positive and negative terminals of the four control valve type lead storage batteries A, B, C, and D are connected via the 10 mΩ conducting wires. That is, an external short circuit was performed.

  In storage batteries A and B, the external short circuit was interrupted within 1 second, and no dangerous state occurred. On the other hand, in the storage batteries C and D without the fuse member housing portion 9, the external short circuit is continued without being shut off, water vapor blows out from the exhaust section, and the external temperature of the storage battery becomes 90 ° C. or higher, so that the resin battery The tank was deformed.

  In addition, the epoxy resin is used for the sealing member in Examples 1-5. However, the function of the sealing member is that it has good adhesion to the strap 3, the pole 4, the high resistance type fuse part 81 or the low melting point type fuse part 82, the fuse member storage part 9, and the member 2 of the storage battery lid. What is necessary is just to have the function to seal a part, and it is not specifically limited to the said epoxy resin.

  As described above, in a storage battery including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, a fuse portion formed in a connection path between the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal and a strap, or an inter-cell connection path between the straps, and a fused fuse By having a structure including a fuse member housing part for housing a member, even if an abnormal state such as an external short circuit occurs, the external short circuit is cut off within one second, and a dangerous state does not occur in the storage battery. It became clear.

  In the embodiments, the control valve type lead-acid battery has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the lead-acid battery, but is effective if the method of the present invention is applied to any battery that has a small internal resistance and a large current when externally short-circuited. Needless to say,

The principal part schematic diagram which shows Example 1 of this invention. The principal part schematic diagram which shows Example 2 of this invention. The principal part schematic diagram which shows Example 3 of this invention. The principal part schematic diagram which shows Example 4 of this invention. The principal part schematic diagram which shows Example 5 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery case 2 Storage battery lid 3 Strap 4 Polar pole 51 Cylindrical terminal 52 L-shaped terminal 6 Electrode plate ear part 7 Sealing member 81 High resistance type fuse part 82 Low melting point type fuse part 9 Fuse member accommodating part 10 poles Plate 11 Storage battery space 12 Connection rod

Claims (1)

In a storage battery comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal,
A fuse portion formed in a connection path between the positive electrode terminal or the negative electrode terminal and the strap, or a cell-to-cell connection path between the straps, and a fuse member storage portion for storing a blown fuse member. A storage battery.

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