JP2006011333A - Solid model - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid model capable of expressing a three-dimensional solid by simple constitution. <P>SOLUTION: The solid model is constituted of arranging a plurality of transparent sheet bodies 11 to 14 respectively expressing isolines in a vertical direction vertical to the surface of the sheet bodies in prescribed order. The plurality of sheet bodies 11 to 14 are laminated in a mutually movable state, and by decentering a shape constituted of contours 31 to 34 expressed on the plurality of transparent sheet bodies 11 to 14, the shape constituted of the isolines expressed on the plurality of sheet bodies 11 to 14 is changed. Consequently 3-dimensional effect can be created. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional model, and more particularly to a three-dimensional model capable of expressing terrain with a plurality of isolines.

  Since ancient times, various forms of maps have existed in the world. A two-dimensional map representation is generally one that uses contour lines or contour planes, and a normal topographic map projects the contour lines or contour planes from a vertical direction at infinity. A three-dimensional map representation called a bird's-eye view is projected in perspective or parallel from a position overlooking a contour line or a contour surface. Since these can be drawn on paper, they can be made into booklets and are excellent in portability.

A three-dimensional map model exists as a three-dimensional map expression. The three-dimensional map model is created by cutting out cardboard along the contour lines to the scale, and overlapping and gluing them vertically to avoid dislocation. In a three-dimensional map model, the height is generally exaggerated by 2 to 5 times the actual scale so that the features of the terrain can be clearly understood. As described above, according to the three-dimensional map model that is a physical three-dimensional expression using contour lines, an accurate or exaggerated shape can be observed when the observer observes from an arbitrary position. Conventionally, there are Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 2, and Patent Literature 3 as literatures proposing techniques related to a three-dimensional map.
Japanese Patent No. 68134 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-1050 Japanese Patent No. 2500951

  Since a two-dimensional map that is generally used is drawn on a single plane, there is a problem of lack of stereoscopic effect. For example, in the topographic map published by the Geospatial Information Authority, which is favored by mountain climbers, only contour lines are drawn, so it may be difficult for a skilled person to determine whether the topography is raised or depressed. This is the limit of expressing 3D terrain in 2D. For example, this can be done by changing the color gradually from brown to low and from green to high. There is no choice but to devise so that the height can be grasped. The bird's-eye view of the map is beautiful for appreciation, but it is a two-dimensional image, so that the stereoscopic effect is poor. Although it is possible to draw a strong shadow as a reinforcement, it is difficult to use as a map.

On the other hand, the conventional 3D 3D map model can visually recognize the height of the terrain, so it is excellent as a tool for understanding the terrain sensuously and is suitable for use in a show hall, for example. It can be said. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to store the structure because the volume is increased due to the structure and the height is often emphasized several times. For the same reason, it is not suitable for carrying and unsuitable for carrying.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional solid model with a simple configuration.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, one aspect of the present invention is a three-dimensional structure in which a plurality of transparent sheet bodies each expressing an isoline are arranged in a vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body in a predetermined order. Provide a model. The vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body means a direction in which the sheet bodies are overlapped, and does not require strict verticality. The plurality of transparent sheet bodies are laminated in such an order that the upper sheet body is longer or shorter in the predetermined direction than the lower sheet body, and the at least one sheet body is disposed in the predetermined direction. You may be comprised so that the said sheet | seat body can be curved by approaching the space | interval of both ends. The curved state may be freely formed by reducing the distance between both ends, or may be fixed in advance as a curved surface. The isoline may be expressed by being drawn by a transparent sheet body. The plurality of transparent sheet bodies are stacked so as to be movable with respect to each other, and are expressed in the plurality of sheet bodies by decentering the shape constituted by the isolines represented in the plurality of transparent sheet bodies. You may change the shape comprised by an isoline. Moreover, a transparent sheet | seat body may be comprised with a transparent display and an isoline may be displayed on a transparent display. You may change the shape comprised by the isoline represented on the some transparent display by changing the display position of the isoline displayed on a some transparent display.

  Another aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional model in which a plurality of sheet bodies each expressing an isoline are eccentrically arranged in a predetermined order in the vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body. Furthermore, another aspect of the present invention is a three-dimensional model in which a plurality of sheet bodies each representing an isoline are arranged in a predetermined order in a vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body, and the plurality of sheet bodies A three-dimensional model configured to be relatively movable is provided. The plurality of sheet bodies are laminated in such an order that the upper sheet body becomes longer or shorter in the predetermined direction than the lower sheet body, and at least one end of the sheet body in the predetermined direction. You may be comprised so that the said sheet | seat body can be curved by approaching a space | interval. The curved state may be freely formed by reducing the distance between both ends, or may be fixed in advance as a curved surface.

  In the three aspects of the present invention described above, the isoline may be expressed by an opening provided in the sheet body. It is preferable that the opening of each sheet body is formed so that the opening of the sheet body located in the lower layer can be seen from above. The plurality of sheet bodies are stacked so as to be movable with respect to each other, and are configured by isolines represented on the plurality of sheet bodies by moving the plurality of sheet bodies in the same direction by different amounts, respectively. The shape may be changed.

  In the three aspects of the present invention described above, a shadow region indicating the occurrence of a shadow may be formed in the vicinity of the isoline. The shaded region may be formed so that it is not visible from the outside when the aggregate of the plurality of sheet bodies is in the first state, and is visible from the outside when the aggregate of the plurality of sheet bodies is in the second state. Good. Furthermore, the three-dimensional model may further include a sheet body that connects two isolines represented on the two sheet bodies on a side surface that represents a value between them, and the movement of the plurality of sheet bodies. A means for limiting the direction may be further provided.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of sheet bodies having different lengths in a predetermined direction are arranged in a vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body, and at least one sheet body has a three-dimensional shape having a curved surface. Provide a model. The curved surface may be configured by curving the sheet body, or the sheet body may be configured in advance with a curved surface. The curved surface may be a cylindrical primary curved surface having a predetermined curvature, or may be a higher-order curved surface. For example, the sheet body may be configured in advance as a spherical surface. The sheet body may be composed of a transparent display. In this case, the transparent display may be a flexible display that can be bent, or may be a transmissive curved display having a curvature in advance.

  According to still another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of sheet bodies having different lengths in a predetermined direction are arranged in the vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body, and one reference sheet body is provided between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer. The sheet body is arranged between the reference sheet body and the lowermost sheet body in an order in which the length in the predetermined direction is increased in the direction from the reference sheet body to the lowermost sheet body. The sheet body is arranged between the reference sheet body and the uppermost sheet body in the order from the reference sheet body to the uppermost sheet body in a direction in which the length in a predetermined direction becomes longer. A three-dimensional model capable of bending at least one sheet body is provided. In this three-dimensional model, the reference sheet body is configured as a sheet body having the shortest length in the predetermined direction, and the sheet body is arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface side of the reference sheet body so that the length in the predetermined direction is gradually increased. Is done. The sheet body may be configured with a transparent display. In this case, the transparent display may be a flexible display that can be bent, or may be a transmissive curved display having a curvature in advance.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a three-dimensional model that enables three-dimensional three-dimensional expression with a simple configuration.

  Hereinafter, although the structure of the three-dimensional model of this invention is shown using an Example, in order to make an understanding easy, especially the structure of a three-dimensional map model is demonstrated among three-dimensional models. Note that the three-dimensional model of the present invention can be applied to, for example, a model that expresses land prices, a model that expresses the incidence of diseases, and a model that expresses the distribution of temperature. These are expressed as "isolines" or "isosurfaces" that are equal or in the same range of state quantities, and the three-dimensional model of the present invention is an isoline or isosurface. It can be used for objects that can be expressed using. Hereinafter, in the present specification and claims, the isolines and isosurfaces are referred to as “isolines” without being distinguished. In the embodiment, the contour lines constituting the map are taken as an example of the contour lines.

The principle of the present invention will be described using a three-dimensional map model.
FIG. 1 shows a conventional three-dimensional map model formed by bonding a plurality of elevation pieces. In the illustrated example, the elevation pieces 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 obtained by cutting the cardboard are stacked in this order and fixed at the true position without being eccentrically arranged. Note that “eccentric” arrangement means that the altitude piece is not arranged at the true position but the altitude piece is shifted in position.

  FIG. 2 is a view of the three-dimensional map model shown in FIG. 1 as viewed by an observer from a viewpoint having a larger overhead angle than FIG. As shown in the figure, the apparent length of the interval in the Z-axis direction on the observer side seen from the observer is a disk-like surface excluding the lower surface of the elevation piece one level above the upper surface of an arbitrary elevation piece, It looks longer than in FIG. Moreover, the apparent thickness of each elevation piece appears shorter in FIG. 2 than in FIG. Thus, when the bird's-eye view angle is increased, the apparent thickness of each elevation piece appears to be short (that is, thin), and the apparent length on the observer side of the disk-like surface appears to be long. This phenomenon becomes more prominent in proportion to increasing the overhead angle. The Z-axis direction indicates the depth direction, and the X-axis direction indicates the horizontal direction. The Y-axis direction (not shown) perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis corresponds to the vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the elevation piece.

  In the conventional three-dimensional map model shown in FIG. 1, since the observer can observe from all sides, the elevation pieces are not stacked eccentrically. This is because when the map is decentered, a distorted map model is formed, and the shape appears distorted when viewed from the side. Usually, a three-dimensional map model is manufactured by exaggerating the height 2 to 5 times. In the present specification, this exaggerated rate is called an excessive rate. In particular, the rate of exaggerating the objective height is called the physical overage rate.

  On the other hand, in the three-dimensional model of the present invention described below, a three-dimensional map is expressed using a plurality of thin sheet bodies provided with contour lines. The sheet body is preferably configured to have a thickness smaller than the actual height ratio, for example, about 1 mm or less. For example, the sheet body may be a film or the like. Regardless of the thinness of the sheet body, the three-dimensional model is formed by shifting the sheet body in the depth direction from the viewpoint of the observer, that is, by decentering each sheet body in the depth direction of the observer. Utilizing the illusion of sensing the height of the whole. The three-dimensional model of the present invention can create a three-dimensional effect by the action of an illusion while using a plurality of thin sheet bodies.

  The contour lines may be drawn on the sheet body so as to emphasize the convex part (ridge part) and the concave part (valley part). Specifically, contour convex or concave lines may be drawn thickly, and the convex or concave areas are emphasized by making the convex or concave areas of the contour surface brighter or darker than other areas. It may be expressed. Further, the contour line may be a combination of an actual contour line and a visual contour line, for example.

Example 1
Fig.3 (a) shows the cross-sectional side view of the three-dimensional model 10 which concerns on the Example of this invention. The three-dimensional model 10 includes a plurality of transparent sheet bodies 11, 12, 13, 14, and a case body 20 each depicting contour lines having different elevations. The plurality of sheet bodies 11, 12, 13, and 14 are arranged in a predetermined order in the vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body. An observer views the three-dimensional model 10 from a position where the sheet body 11 is the upper surface. As for the order of the sheet bodies, the sheet body 11 on which the high contour lines are drawn is arranged on the side closer to the observer's line of sight, and the sheet body 14 on which the low contour lines are drawn is arranged at the bottom. Therefore, in terms of contour line elevation, the contour line drawn on the sheet body 11 has the highest elevation, and the contour line drawn on the sheet body 14 has the lowest elevation. By forming the sheet bodies 11, 12, and 13 with a transparent material, contour lines drawn on each of the stacked sheet bodies are observed.

  In order to hide the contour line or contour surface of the lower sheet body as a layer different from the contour line or contour surface of the upper sheet body, the boundary of the contour line or contour surface of the upper sheet body is It can also be translucent. For example, by attaching a photograph to the contour surface, the contour line of the upper sheet body or the boundary of the contour surface becomes gradually transparent, and the contour line or contour surface of the lower layer sheet body that overlaps this It may be hidden. The sheet body 14 does not necessarily have to be transparent.

  The contour lines may be drawn at any location on the upper surface, lower surface or inside of each sheet body. In addition, the contour line may be configured as a contour surface that fills the enclosed area. The plurality of sheet bodies are stacked so as to be movable with respect to each other. By moving the plurality of sheet bodies relatively and decentering each of the contour lines drawn on the plurality of sheet bodies, The shape constituted by the drawn contour lines can be changed. That is, the plurality of sheet bodies can be moved by different amounts in the same direction, thereby changing the shape formed by the isolines drawn on the plurality of sheet bodies. Therefore, the length of the sheet corresponding to each elevation is increased or decreased at equal intervals in the order from the lowest to the highest. In the example of FIG. 3A, the length of the sheet body 14 with the low altitude is the longest, and the length of the sheet body 11 with the high altitude is the shortest by shortening it at regular intervals. The interval to be shortened corresponds to the relative movement amount of the sheet member that makes contact in the vertical direction. In the illustrated example, the lengths of the sheet bodies differ by d1 between those in contact with each other.

  FIG.3 (b) shows the top view of the three-dimensional model 10 which concerns on the Example of this invention. Each sheet body is formed of a transparent material, but the transmittance is not 100%. Therefore, when a large number of sheet bodies are stacked, the light is attenuated as it goes to the lower layer. That is, the contour lines on the top surface can be clearly seen, and the contour lines on the bottom surface have a more visible visibility. That is, in the topographic drawing shown in FIG. 3B, the contour lines of the sheet body 11 showing the highest elevation appear dark, and the contour lines of the sheet body 14 showing the lowest elevation appear thin. This has the effect of increasing the depth perception by an air perspective such as an air layer, fog, or haze. In this way, by laminating sheet bodies made of a transparent material having a transmittance of less than 100%, it is possible to give an observer a sense of depth, and it is a laminate of thin sheet bodies. Nevertheless, it is possible to provide the observer with a stereoscopic effect that is greater than the thickness of the sheet. This is due to the fact that the three-dimensional model 10 uses a thin but physically thick sheet body, and a three-dimensional object having an objective height is formed by stacking. Can do. The case body 20 includes a first end portion 21 and a second end portion 22 in the moving direction of the sheet body. In the illustrated example, the edges of all the sheet bodies are aligned with the first end portion 21.

  As illustrated, one side of the case body 20 is made in accordance with the width of the sheet body. Therefore, the sheet body can move only in one direction inside the case body 20, in the left-right direction in the illustrated example. In this way, by restricting the moving direction of the sheet body in the case body 20, it is possible to suitably decenter a plurality of sheet bodies as described below.

  FIG. 4A shows a state in which the three-dimensional model 10 is tilted toward the viewer. In FIG. 4A, one edge portion of all the sheet bodies 11, 12, 13, 14 is brought into contact with the first end portion 21 of the case body 20. Thereby, the object which is not eccentric as shown in FIG. 3B can be expressed.

  FIG. 4B shows a state in which the three-dimensional model 10 is tilted to the opposite side. In FIG. 4B, the other edge portions of all the sheet bodies 11, 12, 13, 14 are brought into contact with the second end portion 22 of the case body 20. 4 (a) and 4 (b) both show a state in which the three-dimensional model 10 is tilted, but when observing, all the sheet bodies are attached to the first end portion 21 or the second end portion 22. After the contact, the tilted state may be returned to an easy-to-see inclination so that the contacted state does not collapse. Note that the observer can also observe the three-dimensional model 10 by rotating it according to the eccentric movement direction. Further, the direction of relative eccentricity seen from the observer is preferably the front-rear direction, and may be 90 degrees or less in the horizontal direction. In this case, it is preferable that the left and right are 60 degrees or less.

  FIG. 5 shows a top view of the three-dimensional model 10 in the state of FIG. The three-dimensional model 10 can express an eccentric object by moving the sheet bodies having different lengths to the second end portion 22 by moving them by different predetermined distances. As described above, the three-dimensional model 10 includes a plurality of sheet bodies having different lengths in the moving direction, and moves in the moving direction to take two states, thereby forming a shape that is not eccentric and an eccentric shape. be able to. According to the three-dimensional model 10 of the present embodiment, the shape corresponding to the movement of the observer's viewpoint can be easily configured, and unlike the conventional three-dimensional map model, the three-dimensional model 10 The volume of the model 10 can be reduced. As one application example, the depth in water can be imitated by the three-dimensional model 10 using a blue sheet. Here, for the sake of easy understanding, two shapes of a shape that is not eccentric and a shape that is eccentric are shown, but both shapes may be configured to be eccentric. In addition, it is possible to adjust the eccentricity by stopping the sheet body at the middle instead of moving it to the second end portion 22.

  Further, in the above-described example, each sheet body is movable in the left-right direction, but may be configured to be movable in many directions such as four directions and eight directions. For example, by aligning the corners of a plurality of sheet bodies with the four corners of the case body 20, it is possible to generate four different object shapes. That is, in this case, movement in four directions is possible. Further, the sheet body and the case body 20 may be configured to be octagonal so as to be movable in eight directions. Further, the movement is not limited to parallel movement, but includes rotational movement. For example, it is possible to fix each point of the sheet body and rotate each sheet body by a certain amount.

  Fig.6 (a) shows the structure of a sheet | seat body. The sheet body 11 is configured by drawing a contour line 31, and has a first edge portion 41a and a second edge portion 41b. The sheet body 12 is configured by drawing contour lines 32 and includes a first edge portion 42a and a second edge portion 42b. The sheet body 13 is configured by drawing a contour line 33, and has a first edge 43a and a second edge 43b. The sheet body 14 is configured by drawing contour lines 34, and has a first edge 44a and a second edge 44b. The first edge portions 41a, 42a, 43a, 44a of the respective sheet bodies are the edge portions that are in contact with the first end portion 21 of the case body 20, and the second edge portions 41b, 42b, 43b, 44b. Is an edge portion on the side in contact with the second end portion 22. The contour lines 31, 32, 33, and 34 are drawn at positions where the shapes formed by these are not eccentric when the first edges of all the sheet bodies are aligned. If the second edges of all the sheet bodies are aligned, the shape constituted by the contour lines 31, 32, 33, 34 will be decentered, and the amount of decentering in the decentered state is the difference in length between adjacent sheet bodies. d1. In addition, when all the sheet bodies are moved in the case body 20 to constitute an eccentric shape (see FIG. 5), the movement amount of the difference between the length of the case body 20 and the length of the longest sheet body 14 is Since it is added to the amount of movement of all the sheet bodies, even if it is eccentric in the case body 20, there is no influence on the eccentric amount d1 constituting the eccentric shape.

  As shown in the figure, each contour line may be drawn with the same thickness, but the contour line 31 of the sheet body 11 located on the uppermost surface is darkened and gradually becomes thinner toward the sheet body 14 located on the lowermost surface. You may do it. As described above, when a plurality of sheet bodies are overlapped, the contour line gradually becomes thinner as it goes from the upper surface to the lower surface due to the transmittance, but by changing how the contour lines themselves are drawn for each sheet body, Further, it is possible to increase the attenuation rate of the light of the contour lines on the lower surface to enhance the sense of depth. Further, for example, it is possible to make the interior of the contour line opaque to make it opaque and to change the color every time the elevation rises, as in the case of a map chromatograph, to enhance the stereoscopic effect. As an example, the color may be changed from cold to warm. In this way, the solid model 10 that appeals to the viewer's intuition may be configured by painting the inside of the isoline with a color or pattern.

  Next, a point A in the area surrounded by the contour line 31 in the sheet body 11 and a point B outside the area surrounded by the contour line 34 in the sheet body 14 will be considered.

  6B shows a state in which the second edge portions 41b, 42b, 43b, and 44b of all the sheet bodies 11, 12, 13, and 14 are aligned, and the object shape constituted by a plurality of isolines is decentered. Indicates. The first edge portions 41a, 42a, 43a, and 44a are located at a position shifted by a predetermined amount d1 from another sheet body that is in contact. In FIG. 6 (b), the contour lines 31, 32, 33, and 34 are schematically shown as rising, but the contour lines 31, 32, 33, and 34 may be simply drawn lines, It is not necessary to have a swell that is visible. By decentering, the point A and the point B are close to each other.

  Fig.7 (a) is a figure which shows perspectively the relationship of each sheet | seat body at the time of aligning 1st edge part 41a, 42a, 43a, 44a. FIG. 7A corresponds to the non-eccentric state of FIG. As shown in the figure, when not decentered, the area adjacent to the point A is a contour line 32 in the sheet body 12 one sheet below, and the points A and B are in a separated state.

  FIG. 7B is a perspective view showing the relationship between the sheet bodies when the second edge portions 41b, 42b, 43b, and 44b are aligned. FIG. 7B corresponds to the eccentric state of FIG. As shown in the figure, when eccentricity occurs, the point A and the point B are close to each other.

  The sheet body 11 at the point A is on the uppermost surface. For example, when a portion surrounded by a contour line is painted white, the observer sees the white painted portion of the sheet body 11 brightest. When the same color as the point A is present under the sheet body 14, the four sheet bodies are transmitted and the underlying color is visually recognized. Therefore, the color under the sheet body 14 attenuates and becomes much darker than the point A. When the contrast of lightness is large in adjacent areas, a “Mach phenomenon” in which the apparent lightness difference is perceived to be larger than the physical lightness difference occurs, and the contour line 31 with the point A appears brighter. Due to this phenomenon, the point A appears to protrude more than the point B. When the amount of eccentricity is large, the Mach phenomenon becomes more prominent because the upper contour line protrudes from the lower contour line to form the object. Since the point A and the point B are separated by a physical distance depending on the thickness of the four sheet bodies, the effect of the Mach phenomenon is synergistic and an effect of appearing more prominent is generated. That is, in the three-dimensional model 10 according to the present embodiment, a high mountain shape having a drop (with a physical distance) from an adjacent portion looks higher. In addition, if the portion surrounded by the contour lines of each sheet body is changed as the elevation rises as shown in the map of the map, the contrast of brightness increases, so the Mach phenomenon becomes more prominent and the contrast of colors also increases. It becomes possible.

  In the above-described example, the three-dimensional model 10 is configured so that the lower sheet body is long and the upper sheet body is short. By setting the length of the sheet body in this way, it forms a shape that is not eccentric by aligning the edge on the observer side, by aligning the edge on the side opposite to the observer by moving the sheet body, An eccentric shape visible from the viewer side can be configured. On the other hand, as described above with reference to FIG. 3A, the three-dimensional model 10 may be configured such that the lower sheet body is short and the upper sheet body is long. In this case, it forms a shape that is not eccentric by aligning the edge on the observer side, and by aligning the edge on the side opposite to the observer by moving the sheet body, an eccentric shape that is visible from the opposite side to the observer Can be configured. This is because the lower sheet body has a larger moving amount, and by appropriately setting the lengths of the lower and upper sheet bodies in this way, the eccentric shape seen from the observer side, or the observer Any of the eccentric shapes viewed from the opposite side can be configured.

  In Example 1, the transparent sheet body may be constituted by a thin transmissive display. Similar effects can be achieved by displaying contour lines (or contour surfaces) on each layer of the display. In this case, it is possible to form an eccentric shape by changing the display position of the contour line on each display surface without moving the display base of each layer. Further, by using display control on the display, various eccentricities (virtual movement amounts) can be accurately controlled, and the highly versatile three-dimensional model 10 can be realized. In addition, it is possible to generate a three-dimensional model for expressing moving images by displaying moving images on the display of each layer.

  FIG. 8 shows a structure in which a display 50 is installed at the bottom of a transparent sheet. The observer can see the shape of the object composed of a plurality of sheet bodies from the uppermost sheet body 11 side. By disposing the display 50 in the lower part, the display content of the display can be visually recognized, and the thickness of the sheet body is thinner than that of a general map model, so that the deviation between the sheet body and the image can be small. It is also possible to project with a projector.

  FIG. 9 shows a modification of the plurality of transparent sheet bodies 81, 82, 83, 84. In the case body 20, the sheet bodies are stacked from the bottom in the order of the sheet bodies 84, 83, 82, 81. In this modification, the position where the sheet body is not eccentric is set to a position where the sheet bodies are aligned with the illustrated alternate long and short dash line. According to the plurality of sheet bodies shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to configure the terrain viewed from the opposite side when the one edge portion of the sheet body is aligned and when the other edge portion is aligned.

  In the three-dimensional model 10 shown in FIG. 9, each sheet body is configured so that the length of the lowermost sheet body 84 is the shortest and becomes longer as it goes to the upper layer. The contour lines 91, 92, 93, 94 of the respective sheet bodies are set so as to have a predetermined eccentric shape when the edges are aligned on the viewer side. Next, when the sheet body is moved and the edge is aligned on the side opposite to the observer, the amount of movement of the sheet body increases as the sheet moves down. Therefore, compared with the eccentricity shown in FIG. 3 and the like, the direction is the opposite direction, and an eccentric shape viewed from the side opposite to the observer side can be configured.

  The sheet body 81 is configured by drawing contour lines 91 and has a first edge portion 101a and a second edge portion 101b. The sheet body 82 is configured by drawing contour lines 92, and has a first edge portion 102a and a second edge portion 102b. The sheet body 83 is configured by drawing contour lines 93 and has a first edge 103a and a second edge 103b. The sheet body 84 is configured by drawing a contour line 94, and has a first edge portion 104a and a second edge portion 104b. The first edge portions 101a, 102a, 103a, and 104a of the respective sheet bodies are the edge portions that are in contact with the first end portion 21 of the case body 20, and the second edge portions 101b, 102b, 103b, and 104b. Is an edge portion on the side in contact with the second end portion 22. The shape which is not decentered is configured in a stacked state so as to match the alternate long and short dash lines of each sheet body. This state is a state in which the first edge portion is shifted by da and the second edge portion is shifted by db between the sheet bodies in contact in the vertical direction. The length difference da is an amount of eccentricity in which the first edge 21 of the sheet body is aligned with the first end 21 of the case body 20, and the length difference db is the second end 22 of the case body 20. The eccentric amount of the shape in which the second edge of the sheet body is aligned.

  FIG. 10A shows a state in which the first edge portions 101a, 102a, 103a, 104a of the sheet body are aligned and brought into contact with the first end portion 21 of the case body 20, and FIG. The state which aligned the 2nd edge part 101b, 102b, 103b, 104b of the body and contact | abutted to the 2nd end part 22 of the case body 20 is shown. The case body 20 is not shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), the shapes of both are terrain viewed from opposite sides. When the observer sees this model from the opposite side, it turns 180 degrees, which is exactly the same as the behavior pattern that is seen after rotating the map 180 degrees when viewing the map from the opposite side. It is easy to grasp the assumed viewpoint position of the shape formed by changing the shape of the three-dimensional model. As described above, the difference da between the lengths of adjacent sheet bodies at the first edge in FIG. 9 is the amount of eccentricity when the sheet bodies are aligned with the first end 21 of the case body 20, The difference in length db between adjacent sheet bodies at the second edge is the amount of eccentricity when the sheet bodies are aligned with the second end 22 of the case body 20. If da and db are the same length, the amount of eccentricity is the same, and the terrain can be viewed from the opposite side of the object. When da and db are not the same length, the topography has different shapes of eccentricity. In addition, when the inside of the contour line on each sheet | seat body is filled up (for example, white), the part which is hidden behind the upper sheet | seat body in the contour line of a lower layer is formed. As shown in FIG. 10, the isolines can be expressed not only in the shape viewed from the vertical direction but also in the shape viewed from the oblique direction.

(Example 2)
In Example 1, although the example which draws a contour line on a transparent sheet | seat body was demonstrated, in Example 2, the thickness of a transparent sheet | seat body is changed and a contour line or a contour surface is expressed. The thickness of the sheet body can be arbitrarily set. For example, not only the contour line may be expressed by making the thickness of an arbitrary region thicker or thinner than other regions, but the contour line may be expressed by forming an opening or a protrusion in an arbitrary region. Also good.

  FIG. 11A shows a side surface of a laminate of a plurality of sheet bodies 61, 62, 63, 64. The case body is not shown. The size relationship of each sheet body and the elevation relationship are as described in the first embodiment, and the difference from the first embodiment is that, as described above, the contour line is expressed by the change in the thickness of the sheet body. . Contour lines are formed by providing openings, concave portions, or convex portions in the transparent sheet bodies 61, 62, 63, 64, and by irregularly reflecting light at these portions, the edge portions having different thicknesses are brightly shined, resulting in a three-dimensional shape. Can be expressed. In the example of FIG. 11A, each sheet body 61, 62, 63, 64 has an opening that represents a contour line.

  FIG. 11B is a modification of the sheet body in the second embodiment. In this example, the sheet body includes concave portions 71 and 73, convex portions 72, openings 74, and gaps 75. Note that FIG. 11B is merely an example for explanation, and the sheet body only needs to have any one of these, and needs to be configured to include all of the concave portion, the convex portion, the opening, and the gap. There is no.

  When light is applied to this sheet body from the lateral direction, irregular reflection occurs at the edge part or gap part where the thickness of the sheet body has changed, and the edge part or gap part can be emphasized by brightening, creating a three-dimensional effect. Can do. Even if light from the side is not prepared, the solid model 10 may be tilted to control the direction of light hitting the entire solid model 10. In particular, when an opening is provided, the terrain portion as an entity is configured as a space, so that the space portion can be seen as a mountain shape by an illusion. A fantastic object can also be constructed by combining the attenuation of light by a transparent sheet and the configuration in which imaginary (space) and real (mountain shape) are reversed.

  It is also possible to express the time (the direction of the sun) by installing artificial light next to the sheet body and irradiating it, and making the direction of the light variable. When the laminated sheet body is seen through, the transmittance decreases as the number of portions corresponding to air increases. This is just like an air layer, and the lightness decreases as it goes to the lower layer, so that it is possible to realize a fantastic three-dimensional contour line or surface expression in cooperation with the light from the side. In FIG. 11A, the length of each sheet body can be changed and moved. However, the length of each sheet body is the same and each sheet body is fixed to form an eccentric object. Also good. In addition, when fixing a sheet | seat body mutually, the length of a sheet | seat body does not necessarily need to be equal.

Example 3
A contour line is a line surrounding a cut surface obtained by cutting the terrain with a horizontal surface of a certain height. Therefore, if the contour line is every 10 m, when performing two-dimensional display, for example, the side of the terrain between 90 m and 100 m above sea level, in particular, the vertical side is ignored. This is because the contour lines are expressed based on a plan view (viewing the ground vertically from infinity).

In the third embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional terrain is formed based on the contour line, but it is possible to express a side surface, particularly a vertical side surface, despite being based on the contour line.
Since the third embodiment is suitable for building volume expression, a simple building will be described.

  FIG. 12A shows an L-shaped building 120. The building 120 is cut at a horizontal plane 130, a horizontal plane 132, and a horizontal plane 134 that are equidistantly spaced from each other to obtain contour lines 140, 142, and 144 at each elevation. Contour lines 140, 142, 144 are the contours of building 120 in the corresponding horizontal plane. Since the wall of the building 120 is vertical, the contour lines 140, 142, and 144 have the same shape.

  FIG. 12B shows a state where the contour lines 140, 142, 144 are drawn on a transparent sheet. The sheet body 150 is configured by drawing a contour line 140, and has a first edge 160a and a second edge 160b. The length in the moving direction (Z-axis direction: depth direction) is L. The sheet body 152 is configured by drawing a contour line 142 and has a first edge 162a and a second edge 162b. The sheet body 154 is configured by drawing contour lines 144, and has a first edge 164a and a second edge 164b.

  The contour lines 140, 142, and 144 are drawn on the sheet bodies 150, 152, and 154 so as not to displace, respectively. Further, the length of each sheet body in the Z-axis direction is set so that the object becomes eccentric when the transparent sheet body is slid in the Z-axis direction. The sheet body 152 is longer than the sheet body 150 by d2 in the positive direction and the negative direction of the Z axis. The sheet body 154 is longer than the sheet body 152 by d2 in the positive direction and the negative direction of the Z axis. When the length of the sheet body 150 in the Z-axis direction, that is, the distance between the first edge portion 160a and the second edge portion 160b is L, the length of the sheet body 152 in the Z-axis direction, ie, the first edge portion 162a. The interval between the second edge portions 162b is (L + 2d2), and the length of the sheet body 154 in the Z-axis direction, that is, the interval between the first edge portion 164a and the second edge portion 164b is (L + 4d2).

  FIG. 13A shows a state in which the first edge portions 160a, 162a, and 164a of the three sheet bodies 150, 152, and 154 are aligned. Here, the first edges 160a, 162a, and 164a are aligned with the sheet lines 150, 152, and 154 stacked in this order, with the contour lines 140, 142, and 144 being opaque. By making the inside of the contour lines 140, 142, and 144 opaque, the lower sheet body that overlaps the opaque portion of the sheet body positioned on the upper side becomes invisible. In the example of FIG. 13A, the part drawn with a solid line is visible, and the part displayed with a dotted line is an area that is hidden by the upper sheet body and cannot be seen.

  FIG. 13B shows a state in which the second edge portions 160b, 162b, 164b of the three sheet bodies 150, 152, 154 are aligned. By making the inside of the contour lines 140, 142, and 144 opaque, the lower sheet body that overlaps the opaque portion of the sheet body positioned on the upper side becomes invisible. In the example of FIG. 13B, the part drawn with a solid line is visible, and the part displayed with a dotted line is an area that is hidden by the upper sheet body and cannot be seen.

Next, a method for representing the side surface of the L-shaped building 120 will be described.
Hereinafter, the side surface located between the contour line 144 positioned on the horizontal plane 134 and the contour line 142 positioned on the horizontal plane 132 will be described. The same applies to the side surface between the contour line 142 positioned on the horizontal plane 132 and the contour line 140 positioned on the horizontal plane 130.

  Originally, in the two-dimensional contour line, the side surface (particularly the vertical side surface) existing between the horizontal plane 134 and the horizontal plane 132 is ignored, but in the three-dimensional model 10 according to the third embodiment, the side plane between the horizontal plane 134 and the horizontal plane 132 is By using the same concept as the contour line, it is formed as a “contour side”.

  In FIG. 14A, the contour line 144 and the contour line 142 shown in FIG. 13A are expressed by lines only, projected onto another sheet body 153, and vertices at the same longitude and latitude in the original building 120 are straight lines. It is a figure connected by 171 (displayed by a thick line). The length of the sheet body 153 is an intermediate length between the sheet body 154 and the sheet body 152 (L + 3d2).

  FIG.14 (b) shows the sheet | seat body 153 which drew the side surface. Here, from the state shown in FIG. 14A, the contour line 144 and the contour line 142 are combined into an outer peripheral line 172 (displayed by a broken line) and an inner peripheral line 173 (displayed by a broken line), and the straight line 171 is divided. Leave other lines to erase. The hatched surface 174 is a surface surrounded by the outer peripheral line 172 and the inner peripheral line 173, and forms a contour side surface in the third embodiment. The surface 174 is also filled with a predetermined color.

  FIG. 15A shows a state in which the first edge portions 162a, 163a, and 164a of the three sheet bodies 152, 153, and 154 are aligned. The sheet body 152 is the lowest layer, and the sheet bodies 152, 153, and 154 are stacked in this order. The hatched portion of the contour side surface 174 indicates a portion hidden under the filled contour line 144, and the hatched portion indicates a portion that can be visually recognized by the observer.

  FIG. 15B shows a state in which the second edge portions 162b, 163b, and 164b of the three sheet bodies 152, 153, and 154 are aligned. The hatched portion of the contour side surface 174 indicates a portion hidden under the filled contour line 144, and the hatched portion indicates a portion that can be visually recognized by the observer. In addition, the drawn perpendicular line of the corner wall of the building 120 may be hidden under the contour line 144 depending on the position of the filled contour line 144. A hidden vertical line (straight line 171) is indicated by a broken line in the figure.

  As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the shape in which the first edge portions are aligned is obtained by inverting the shape in which the second edge portions are aligned 180 degrees. In this way, by arranging another sheet body 153 between the upper sheet body 154 and the lower sheet body 152 as a “contour surface”, the portion corresponding to the side surface is incorporated into the three-dimensional model 10 by contour lines. Is possible. In addition, by further configuring the contour side surface between the contour line 142 and the contour line 140, it is possible to produce a further three-dimensional effect of the building 120.

Example 4
In Example 4, the three-dimensional effect is enhanced by giving a pseudo shadow to each sheet body. Each sheet body is made of a thin material, but by giving a pseudo shadow, it is made to appear higher than the actual height due to a sensory stereoscopic recognition effect by the shadow. Thereby, it is possible to enhance the stereoscopic effect even if the entire three-dimensional model is made thin.

  FIG. 16A shows the three-dimensional model 10 composed of a plurality of elevation pieces 201, 202, 203, 204. In FIG. 16, the term elevation piece is used to distinguish from the rectangular sheet body in the other embodiments described so far, but the elevation piece is also composed of a thin sheet, and in that sense, The elevation pieces 201, 202, 203, 204 can also be called sheet bodies.

  The three-dimensional model 10 is configured by stacking elevation pieces 204, 203, 202, and 201 in this order from the bottom. Each elevation piece can move relative to the elevation pieces stacked vertically, and a stereoscopic effect can be created by moving from an uneccentric state to an eccentric state. In the elevation piece 204, a circle 214b indicated by a broken line corresponds to a position where the elevation piece 203 is not eccentric, that is, a true position, and a circle 214a indicated by a one-dot chain line corresponds to an eccentric position of the elevation piece 203. Similarly, in the elevation piece 203, a circle 213b indicated by a broken line corresponds to a position where the elevation piece 202 is not eccentric, that is, a true position, and a circle 213a indicated by a one-dot chain line corresponds to an eccentric position of the elevation piece 202. Similarly, in the elevation piece 202, a circle 212b indicated by a broken line corresponds to a position where the elevation piece 201 is not eccentric, that is, a true position, and a circle 212a indicated by a one-dot chain line corresponds to an eccentric position of the elevation piece 201. Shading processing is applied to regions 224, 223, and 222 that are surrounded by a circle indicated by a broken line and a circle indicated by a one-dot chain line and outside the circle indicated by a one-dot chain line. The shadow areas 224, 223, and 222 are painted black, thereby having an effect of producing a pseudo shadow. When a plurality of elevation pieces 204, 203, 202, 201 are stacked in order from the bottom in a position that is not decentered, the shadow areas 224, 223, 222 are hidden by the elevation pieces arranged above, and the observer is shaded I can't see the area.

  FIG. 16B shows a state in which the plurality of elevation pieces 201, 202, 203, and 204 are eccentric. By sliding the elevation pieces 201, 202, and 203, the shadow areas 224, 223, and 222 hidden by the elevation pieces are exposed to the outside. When the object is not decentered, the terrain that appears flat due to a small physical and apparent excess rate will appear high due to the illusion when the elevation piece is slid into an eccentric object. (At this time, the apparent excess rate becomes large), but the three-dimensional effect is further emphasized by adding a shadow to this. The over-height ratio refers to the ratio of increasing the vertical distance (height) of the map model compared to the horizontal: vertical (height) ratio (vertical distance / horizontal distance) of actual terrain. The physical overheight is an objective height ratio, and the physical overheight in the three-dimensional model 10 of the present invention is small because each sheet (elevation piece) is thin. The apparent excess rate is a kind of illusion that the image looks high on two-dimensional images such as paintings and photographs. In the present invention, the apparent excess rate is decentered to increase the apparent excess rate and make it look high. Yes. The thickness of the sheet body determines the physical excess rate, and the eccentric amount of the sheet body determines the apparent excess rate. Shadows imply the presence of light to the viewer and have a powerful effect on perception. Further, when the altitude piece is slid, a shadow suddenly appears on the object, so that the three-dimensional model 10 which is surprising and rich in entertainment can be configured.

  FIG. 16C shows a cross section in which a plurality of elevation pieces 201, 202, 203, 204 are eccentric. When decentered, shadow areas 224, 223, and 222 appear, so that the stereoscopic effect due to the shadow can be emphasized and a visual effect can be expected.

(Example 5)
In Example 5, a three-dimensional model is configured by the openings provided in the sheet body. In Examples 1 to 4, a three-dimensional model formed of a plurality of transparent sheet bodies and a three-dimensional model obtained by stacking a plurality of elevation pieces are convex three-dimensional, but when formed with openings opened in the sheet body It becomes a concave solid. In Example 5, not only a concave solid such as a hole or a cave is produced by an opening, but also a convex solid is produced by a concave solid.

  An illusion phenomenon called “crater illusion” (also known as Bleister's illusion) has been known for a long time to perceive a concave solid as a convex solid. Crater illusion is caused by the direction of the shadow. For human perception, the “visual preconceived concept” that light comes from above works strongly. If it is convex, the top can be brightly shaded down, and if it is concave, the bottom is down. You will see a bright shadow on top. Moreover, even when the human face mask is viewed from the back side (concave side), it looks like an ordinary mask. This is an illusion that comes from the common sense that the face is protruding.

  Since humans have such a perception pattern, for example, even when looking at a concave mountain model, when light is irradiated from the lower right direction, the upper left slope of the mountain appears bright and the lower right slope appears dark, The illusion of a convex mountain model. Even if the light is not irradiated, if the resulting shadow is drawn, the illusion is made as described above. In the fifth embodiment, these illusion phenomena are used.

  FIG. 17 shows an example of a plurality of sheet bodies 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 constituting the three-dimensional model 10 of the fifth embodiment. It is an example of the three-dimensional model 10 which forms the above-mentioned concave solid. Here, the same shaded area as the sheet body (elevation piece) shown in FIG. 16 is applied. The shaded area may be given in other forms. On the case body, the sheet bodies 241, 242, 243, 244 and 245 are stacked in this order from the bottom. In this example, the position which is not eccentric is set to a position where the first edge portions of the respective sheet bodies are aligned. An opening (indicated by a thick line) is provided in a sheet body other than the sheet body 241 disposed in the lowermost layer. Specifically, the sheet body 242 has an opening 262, the sheet body 243 has an opening 263, the sheet body 244 has an opening 264, and the sheet body 245 has an opening 265. In this example, each sheet body is formed of an opaque material instead of a transparent material. Similarly to the example of the three-dimensional model constituted by the conventional sheet bodies, the sheet bodies can be slid with respect to each other, so that a non-eccentric state and an eccentric state can be created.

  A region 251 indicated by a broken line on the sheet body 241 corresponds to the position of the opening 262 of the sheet body 242 in a state where it is not eccentric. Therefore, the region 251 is a position that can be seen from the opening 262 in a state where the region 251 is not eccentric. Similarly, a region 252 indicated by a broken line on the sheet body 242 corresponds to the position of the opening 263 of the sheet body 243 in a state where it is not eccentric. A region 253 indicated by a broken line on the sheet body 243 corresponds to the position of the opening 264 of the sheet body 244 in a state where it is not eccentric. A region 254 indicated by a broken line on the sheet body 244 corresponds to the position of the opening 265 of the sheet body 245 in a state where it is not eccentric. The regions 251, 252, 253, and 254 are provided for the purpose of explanation to correspond to the positions of the openings of the sheet body that is disposed above without being eccentric, and are actually marked with a broken line. Do not mean.

  Shadow areas 271, 272, 273, and 274 are formed in portions other than the regions 251, 252, 253, and 254 in the sheet body other than the uppermost layer of the present embodiment. The shaded areas 271, 272, 273, and 274 are painted black as in the shaded areas shown in FIG. Since the shadow areas 271, 272, 273, and 274 are provided outside the areas 251, 252, 253, and 254, the shadow areas 271 to 274 are not visible when the sheet bodies are not decentered, and the upper sheet bodies are not visible. It is in a state hidden by. For this purpose, the sheet body of the present embodiment is preferably formed of an opaque material, and a predetermined area of the sheet body is made opaque so that the shadow area of the lower layer cannot be seen at least without being eccentric. It is preferable.

  The sheet body 241 has a first edge 281a and a second edge 281b. Similarly, the sheet body 242 has a first edge 282a and a second edge 282b, the sheet body 243 has a first edge 283a and a second edge 283b, and the sheet body 244 has a first edge 283b. The sheet body 245 has an edge 284a and a second edge 284b, and the sheet body 245 has a first edge 285a and a second edge 285b.

  When the first edge portions 281a, 282a, 283a, 284a, and 285a of each sheet body are aligned, the openings provided in each sheet body are not eccentric. On the other hand, when the second edge portions 281b, 282b, 283b, 284b, and 285b of each sheet body are aligned, the openings provided in each sheet body are in an eccentric state. In this case, the shadow areas 271, 272, 273, and 274 are exposed to the outside, and the three-dimensional effect is further increased due to the sensory three-dimensional recognition effect caused by the shadow.

  FIG. 18A shows a cross section in a state in which the second edge portions 281b, 282b, 283b, 284b, and 285b of the respective sheet bodies shown in FIG. 17 are aligned. In the three-dimensional model 10, the sheet bodies 241, 242, 243, 244, and 245 are each formed of an opaque material. By aligning the second edge portions 281b, 282b, 283b, 284b, and 285b of the respective sheet bodies, the shaded areas 271, 272, 273, and 274 are exposed to the outside.

  FIG. 18B shows the top surface in a state where the second edge portions 281b, 282b, 283b, 284b, and 285b of the respective sheet bodies are aligned. In the three-dimensional model 10, as shown in the figure, the second edges 281b, 282b, 283b, 284b, 285b are aligned, and the first edges 281a, 282a, 283a, 284a, 285a are shifted. By doing so, each opening of the sheet body is decentered, so that a stereoscopic effect due to decentering can be obtained as described in the first embodiment, and the shadow areas 271, 272, 273, 274 are expressed to the outside. By doing this, you can add a three-dimensional effect. The shape formed here is a concave three-dimensional shape. However, as described above, it appears that light is shining from the front upper direction of the three-dimensional model 10 due to the shaded region or the like, so that the convex three-dimensional shape is an illusion. Perceived by.

  FIG. 19 shows a three-dimensional model 10 formed by openings provided in a plurality of sheets of paper. The three-dimensional model 10 constitutes a concave solid composed of openings opened along isolines. The three-dimensional model 10 is configured as a booklet. However, unlike the three-dimensional model 10 shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the papers 291, 292, 293, 294, and 295 constituting the booklet cannot be slid. In the three-dimensional model 10, the openings 312, 313, 314, and 315 are formed in advance in an eccentric state. In order to further increase the stereoscopic effect, shaded areas 301, 302, 303, and 304 are formed in the vicinity of the isoline. As a result, a stereoscopic effect can be produced, and a text can be written (printed) by using a booklet. In the example of FIG. 19, the shadow area is formed only in the area in front of the part visible from each opening, but the entire area visible from the opening may be the shadow area. If you turn this booklet one by one, the three-dimensional model disappears, and you can read the written information by turning each paper (page). If you open the pages in order, the solid will disappear from the page on the top side, and if you open all the pages, it will be a mysterious book with no objects. A solid model and a book can coexist in one booklet. The broken line 324 is a portion where the opening 315 opened in the paper 295 overlaps.

  Since the solid model 10 shown in Example 5 forms a concave solid body with openings provided in a plurality of stacked sheet bodies, a sheet body having a high elevation is arranged in the lower layer, and a sheet body having a lower elevation is arranged in the upper layer. Are arranged in reverse. For this reason, a three-dimensional model in which a plurality of sheet bodies are stacked is viewed from the upper layer opening through the lower layer opening. As shown in FIGS. 17 to 19, there is no problem as long as the size of the opening in the lower layer is always within the range of the opening in the upper layer. However, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, when the amount of eccentricity is large, the fifth embodiment is positioned upside down in the fifth embodiment, so that the lower layer opening protrudes from the upper layer opening range.

  In the following modified example, when the opening of the lower sheet member protrudes from the opening of the upper sheet member, the isoline that is the basis of the opening of the upper sheet member is indicated as the base of the lower layer opening from the upper sheet member. And an isoline that is the basis of the opening of the upper-layer sheet body is added (addition in Boolean operation), and an upper-layer sheet body is found along the added isoline. An opening is provided in

  FIG. 20A shows three sheet bodies for stacking. The sheet body 333 has an opening 343, the sheet body 334 has an opening 344, and the sheet body 335 has an opening 345. The sheet body 333 is disposed in the lowermost layer, and the sheet bodies 334 and 335 are stacked in this order. Here, since the movement in the relative direction is not taken into consideration, the length of each sheet body is the same, but as described above, the movement in the relative direction may be enabled by changing the length of each sheet body. . Note that the shadow region is omitted.

  FIG. 20B shows a three-dimensional model 10 in which three sheet bodies are stacked. This three-dimensional model 10 is configured as a concave three-dimensional model in an eccentric state in advance. As illustrated, the opening 344 and the opening 343 protrude from the range of the opening 345 provided in the uppermost sheet body 335. In addition, the opening 343 protrudes from the range of the opening 344. In the figure, a broken line indicates a portion where the opening 344 protrudes, and a dotted line indicates a portion where the opening 343 protrudes.

  FIG.20 (c) shows the cross section of the three-dimensional model 10 shown in FIG.20 (b). A part of the sheet body 335 covers over the openings 344 and 343, and a part of the sheet body 334 covers over the opening 343.

  FIG. 21 (a) is obtained by processing a sheet body other than the lowermost layer among the three sheet bodies shown in FIG. 20 (a). The sheet body 433 has an opening 443, the sheet body 434 has an opening 444, and the sheet body 435 has an opening 445. Sheet bodies 433 are arranged in the lowermost layer, and sheet bodies 434 and 435 are laminated in this order. The sheet body 433 is the same as the sheet body 333 shown in FIG.

  In this example, it is preferable that the opening of each sheet body is formed so that the opening of the sheet body located in the lower layer can be seen from above. Specifically, the opening of the upper sheet is processed so that the opening of the lower sheet is not covered by the upper sheet. A broken line 464 shown in the sheet body 434 corresponds to the position of the opening 443 of the lower sheet body 433. Similarly, a broken line 464 shown in the sheet body 435 corresponds to the position of the opening 443 of the lower sheet body 433, and a broken line 465 corresponds to the position of the opening 444 of the lower sheet body 434. Here, as compared with the sheet body shown in FIG. 20 (a), an isoline as a base of the opening of the lower sheet body and a base of the opening of the upper sheet body so that the protruding portion can be seen. Then, an isoline obtained by adding the isolines to each other (addition of a Boolean operation) is obtained, and an opening is provided in the upper sheet body along the added contour lines.

  A method for processing the opening 445 of the sheet body 435 and the opening 444 of the sheet body 434 will be described. All the sheet bodies located in the lower layer of the sheet body 435 are laminated. An opening corresponding to the isoline in the sheet body 435 (opening 345 in FIG. 20A) and an opening corresponding to the isoline in the sheet bodies 434 and 433 below the sheet body 435 (opening in FIG. 20A) 344 and 343) are all opened in the sheet body 435. The sheet body 435 in FIG. 21A includes an opening 345 shown in FIG. 20A, an opening 344 corresponding to the isoline of the lowermost sheet body 434, and an isoline of the lowermost sheet body 433. Are simultaneously opened to form an opening 445. The sheet body 434 simultaneously opens an opening 344 corresponding to the isoline and an opening 343 corresponding to the isoline of the lower sheet body 433 to form an opening 444.

  FIG. 21B shows a top view of the three-dimensional model 10. In the drawing, thick lines indicate portions where the openings 443, 444, and 445 overlap, and broken lines indicate portions where the openings 444 and 445 overlap. FIG. 21 (c) shows a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional model 10. By forming the opening of each sheet body so that the opening of the sheet body located in the lower layer can be seen from above, the concave three-dimensional model 10 having a large eccentricity can be formed.

(Example 6)
In Example 1 etc., the sheet | seat body was put in the case body 20, and the direction which each sheet | seat body eccentrics was restrict | limited. In Example 6, the guide groove of each sheet body itself is provided, and the moving direction is limited by the guide groove, thereby limiting the direction in which each sheet body is eccentric.

  FIG. 22A shows an example of the three-dimensional model 10 in which the eccentric direction is limited. In the three-dimensional model 10, a guide 350 is provided, and guide grooves 362, 363, 364, 365 provided in the sheet bodies 352, 353, 354, 355 are inserted into the guide 350. The sheet body 351 is fixed to one end of the guide 350.

  FIG. 22B shows the three-dimensional model 10 with the eccentric direction changed. In the three-dimensional model 10, by shifting each sheet body to the right side until the end of the guide groove contacts the guide 350, the movement amount of the sheet body can be limited and the movement amount can be fixed.

  As shown in FIG. 22, by restricting the moving direction of each sheet body to a predetermined direction, the eccentric direction and the eccentricity amount of each sheet body can be appropriately set. 22A and 22B show a sheet body as an elevation piece cut out along the contour line, but the sheet body may be in any shape and may be a rectangular sheet body.

  Further, a mechanism for limiting rotation by providing a groove on the back side of each sheet body and attaching a protrusion that fits in two or more grooves to prevent the sheet body from rotating apart may be added. Good. This protrusion is preferably installed in a range that cannot be seen from the outside. Further, in the rectangular sheet body shown in the first embodiment or the like, even if there is no case body, the rotation of the sheet body can be avoided by providing two or more means for limiting the moving direction described above. It is good to install in two right and left places of a rectangular sheet body, or two places before and behind one side.

(Example 7)
As described above, a transparent thin display can be used as the transparent sheet to be laminated. When the three-dimensional model 10 is configured by stacking a plurality of transparent thin displays from the bottom up, unlike the transparent sheet body, the display position of the image displayed on the transparent thin display is moved to change the eccentric shape. Can be made. In addition, for example, if a transparent sheet body composed of 12 transparent plates is combined and displayed on a transparent thin display 4 pieces at a time, three transparent thin displays are required, and the cost can be reduced. .

  FIG. 23 shows the configuration of the three-dimensional model 10 including three transparent displays 401, 402, and 403. The transparent displays 401, 402, and 403 do not need to be configured to be movable with respect to each other, and by changing the display positions of the isolines displayed on the respective transparent displays, the isolines represented on the plurality of transparent displays are displayed. The shape constituted by can be changed. The number of transparent displays is not limited to three, and may be two or more. The three-dimensional model 10 may be called a three-dimensional display device.

  The display processing device 400 is electrically connected to each of the transparent displays 401, 402, and 403, and performs display control of each transparent display. The control function of the display processing device 400 is realized by a CPU, a memory, a program loaded in the memory, and the like. The display processing device 400 executes display control of each of the transparent displays 401, 402, and 403 in synchronization.

  FIG. 24 is a flowchart of eccentricity processing in a three-dimensional model configured with a transparent thin display (also referred to as a transmissive thin display). Since the eccentric shape corresponds to the shape formed by changing the viewpoint position, the eccentric shape is formed by changing the viewpoint position. At this time, the eccentricity magnification (apparent excess rate) can be set separately. This display control flow is executed by the display processing device 400.

  First, each image is displayed on each display (S1). Subsequently, the viewpoint position is changed (S2), and the display position of each image displayed on each display is updated (S3). When the contour line is filled with a color or pattern, it is a transparent display, so it mixes with the lower layer color. To avoid this, when displaying an image on the transparent display, the lower layer color is added to the upper layer color. It is preferable to add a calculation for deleting a region with a mark and determine a color appropriately. Alternatively, it is preferable to add an operation in which an upper color layer is separated and a different color is filled in the lower color region (becomes the base color of the upper color). In the present invention, since thin displays are stacked in close contact with each other, there is an advantage that there is little displacement between upper and lower layer images.

  In addition, although the Example demonstrated the three-dimensional map model, you may add a map symbol to a sheet | seat body. The present invention can also be applied to other three-dimensional models. The three-dimensional model according to the present invention can be used as, for example, a learning material for children, and can be formed in a thin shape. For example, it can be spelled in a book or distributed as an appendix to a learning book.

  In Examples 1 to 7 described above, the physical excess ratio (physical height of the three-dimensional model / lateral width of the model) may be set to 0.3 or less, for example. This physical excess rate is realized by configuring the three-dimensional model 10 with a thin sheet body, and thus a thin three-dimensional model can be realized. The physical excess ratio is a value of (physical height of solid model / horizontal width of model) when (actual terrain height / actual terrain width) is 1.

(Example 8)
FIG. 25A shows a modified example of the plurality of sheet bodies 481, 482, 483 and 484. In the case body 20, the sheet bodies are stacked from the bottom in the order of the sheet bodies 484, 483, 482, 481. In this embodiment, the position that is not decentered is set to a position in which the sheet members are aligned by the illustrated alternate long and short dash line. The sheet bodies 481, 482, 483, and 484 are preferably made of a transparent material, but may be made of an opaque material. In Example 8, by curving each sheet body, the curved center portion is raised and a physical height is created to realize a three-dimensional model.

  Compared with the configuration of the sheet body shown in FIG. 9, each of the plurality of sheet bodies 81, 82, 83, 84 shown in FIG. That is, on the plurality of sheet bodies 81, 82, 83, and 84, contour lines projected on the axial side are drawn instead of contour lines projected vertically (orthographic projection). Specifically, for example, by creating the contour line figure by multiplying the vertical direction by a factor of 0.6, an effect of forming a visual axial projection is obtained.

  On the other hand, in Example 8, each sheet body is curved and raised to form a three-dimensional shape. One sheet body, specifically, the sheet body 484 having the shortest length in the vertical direction may not be curved. When the sheet body is raised to form a three-dimensional shape, there is an advantage that the three-dimensional model can be observed from four directions by arranging the contour lines of each sheet body at a position where the sheet body does not displace when the sheet body is raised. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 25A, the contour lines 491, 492, 493, and 494 drawn on the sheet bodies 481, 482, 483, and 484 are not projected on the axis side, but are projected vertically (orthographically). Projected). As described above, it goes without saying that the contour lines 491, 492, 493, and 494 may have an eccentric shape observed from a predetermined direction.

  In the three-dimensional model 10 shown in FIG. 25A, the arrangement order of the sheet bodies is determined so that the lowermost sheet body 484 has the shortest length and becomes longer as it goes to the upper layer. The sheet body 481 is configured by drawing contour lines 491, and has a first edge 501a and a second edge 501b. The sheet body 482 is configured by drawing contour lines 492, and has a first edge 502a and a second edge 502b. The sheet body 483 is configured by drawing a contour line 493, and has a first edge 503a and a second edge 503b. The sheet body 484 is configured by drawing contour lines 494 and has a first edge 504a and a second edge 504b.

  The contour lines 491, 492, 493, 494 are arranged at positions where they are not displaced with respect to the center position in the vertical direction in each sheet body. In the planar three-dimensional model, the shape that does not displace is configured in a stacked state so that the alternate long and short dash lines of each sheet body are matched. This state is a state in which the first edge portion is deviated by da and the second edge portion is deviated by da, respectively, between the sheet bodies in contact in the vertical direction. In the three-dimensional model of Example 8, the first edge portions 501a, 502a, 503a, and 504a of the respective sheet bodies are aligned, and the second edge portions 501b, 502b, 503b, and 504b are connected to the first edge portion and the second edge portion. Each sheet body can be curved by being closer than the interval between the edges.

  FIG. 25B shows a state in which the first edge portions 501 a, 502 a, 503 a, and 504 a of the sheet body are aligned and brought into contact with the first end portion 21 of the case body 20. Thereby, the planar eccentric solid shape described in the first embodiment or the like is configured. Illustration of the case body 20 is omitted. As described in the first embodiment, when the second edge portions 501b, 502b, 503b, and 504b of the sheet body are aligned and brought into contact with the second end portion 22 of the case body 20, from the opposite position on the opposite side. The observed three-dimensional shape is formed. Moreover, it is also possible to form a solid shape that is not decentered by aligning the centers of the sheet bodies in the case body 20. In addition, about the aspect of this solid model, it is as having demonstrated regarding FIG.

  FIG. 26 shows one mode of a three-dimensional model configured by bending a sheet body. This three-dimensional model can take both a planar form and a three-dimensional form. That is, as shown in FIG. 25 (b), there are two forms: a planar form in which the sheet bodies are overlapped, and a three-dimensional aspect configured by curving the overlapped sheet bodies as shown in FIG. The state can be taken. When the second edges 501b, 502b, 503b, and 504b are continuously pushed in the direction of the first edge in a state where the first edges 501a, 502a, 503a, and 504a of the sheet bodies are aligned, each sheet body becomes a soft material. Since it is comprised by this, it becomes impossible to maintain a plane, and it will curve and rise. Here, the second edge portion 501b of the sheet body 481, the second edge portion 502b of the sheet body 482, and the second edge portion 503b of the sheet body 483 are moved to the position of the second edge portion 504b of the sheet body 484. Show. In FIG. 26, the broken line represents the positions of the second edges 501b, 502b, and 503b before being curved, that is, when being flat. At this time, in the relationship between the sheet bodies in contact with each other, the upper sheet body is 2 da longer than the lower sheet body, so that the sheet body rises by an amount corresponding to 2 da as compared with the lower sheet body. . As described above, the case body 20 is curved in order from the upper sheet body by laminating each sheet body so that the upper sheet body is longer than the lower sheet body in the curving direction. It becomes possible to let you.

  As described above, according to the three-dimensional model of Example 8, the actual height can be obtained by curving and physically raising the upper layer sheet body. At this time, the sheet body is bent by fixing one end (for example, the first edge) and bringing the other end closer to the fixed end. By fixing the other end in a curved state, the physical height can be maintained without requiring a member that supports each sheet body at a high position, such as a column. In addition, by fixing the first end and the second end of each sheet body together, the fixing portion can be made into two places, and since the fixing portion is an end portion of the three-dimensional model, the fixing portion is Inconspicuous. Further, as described in the other embodiments, this three-dimensional model can be in a flat state and has an advantage that it is easy to carry. As described above, the sheet body can be raised by moving the end portion of the upper layer sheet body, and this bulge can be provided by providing the case body 20 with a locking means for fixing the end portion position of the sheet body. Can maintain the state. By curving the sheet body, it is possible to give the observer a feeling like a cylinder lens, or to give a feeling like a specimen hardened with a transparent resin. Further, the depth can be expressed by adopting a configuration in which the sheet body 484 can be viewed.

  In the above-described example, the physical height is obtained by aligning the first edge portions 501a, 502a, 503a, and 504a and the second edge portions 501b, 502b, 503b, and 504b of the respective sheet bodies. You may stop the edge part of each sheet | seat body in the position which opened the space | interval of edge parts. Further, although an example in which the sheet body 484 is disposed on the bottom surface of the case body 20 has been described, another set of sheet bodies may be disposed below the sheet body 484 with the sheet body 484 as a symmetry plane. That is, the sheet body 484 is arranged in the middle, the sheet bodies 483, 482, 481 are stacked in this order above the sheet body 484, and the sheet bodies 483, 482 are arranged below the sheet body 484 from the side closer to the sheet body 484. 481 may be laminated in this order. By aligning the first edge portion and the second edge portion of the seven sheet bodies, it is possible to make a three-dimensional model that protrudes upward and downward from the sheet body 484 as a center.

  In a three-dimensional model that protrudes upward and downward, a plurality of sheet bodies having different lengths in a predetermined direction are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body. Between the lowermost and uppermost sheet bodies, there is one reference sheet body, in the above example the sheet body 484 having the shortest length. Between the reference sheet body and the lowermost sheet body, the sheet bodies are arranged in such an order that the length in the front-rear direction increases in the direction from the reference sheet body to the lowermost sheet body. That is, the sheet body 483, the sheet body 482, and the sheet body 481 are arranged so that the length is increased by 2 da in the direction from the reference sheet body (sheet body 484) toward the lowermost sheet body 481. Similarly, between the reference sheet body and the uppermost sheet body, the sheet bodies are arranged in an order that increases the length in the front-rear direction in the direction from the reference sheet body to the uppermost sheet body. . That is, the sheet body 483, the sheet body 482, and the sheet body 481 are arranged so that the length increases by 2 da in the direction from the reference sheet body (sheet body 484) toward the uppermost sheet body 481. Note that the lowermost sheet body or the uppermost sheet body itself is included between the reference sheet body and the lowermost or uppermost sheet body. By arranging each sheet body in this way and curving at least the uppermost layer and the lowermost sheet body, it is possible to create a three-dimensional model that projects three-dimensionally upward and downward. In this case, when the laminated body of the sheet bodies is configured to stand vertically, there are advantages that the sheet bodies can be easily bent and the observation is facilitated.

  In addition, you may comprise the sheet | seat bodies 481, 482, 483, and 484 which comprise the solid model in Example 8 in a booklet. This booklet is provided with a structure in which the edge of each sheet body moves by opening and closing. Note that the sheet body whose edge moves may be the sheet bodies 481, 482, 483 other than the shortest sheet body 484, but the sheet body 484 may also be moved so as to be curved. As a result, it is possible to create a “device book” in which a solid appears in the booklet when the booklet is opened.

  In addition, the above showed the example which can change the lamination sheet body which consists of a some sheet body into a flat state and the curved state which rose. As described above, the state may be configured to be changeable, but a raised solid model may be configured by aligning and fixing the first edge and the second edge. At this time, it is also possible to attach a lid to the side surface.

  FIG. 27 shows a modification of the sheet body constituting the raised solid model. FIG. 27A is a plan view of the uppermost sheet 481. The other sheet bodies that are curved, specifically, the sheet bodies 482 and 483 have the same configuration. When the side surfaces are simply formed, the side surfaces need only be attached to the uppermost sheet body 481, and the sheet bodies 482, 483, and 484 do not collide with the side surfaces of the sheet body 481 when raised. Adjust the left and right length of the body.

  The sheet body 481 includes left and right edge portions as edge portions 501c and 501d having inward curvature. Further, folds 501e and 501f having larger curvatures are provided inside the edge portions 501c and 501d. When the distance between the first edge portion 501a and the second edge portion 501b in the front-rear direction of the sheet body 481 is moved to approach the sheet body 481, the sheet body 481 is curved and the left and right sides of the sheet body 481 at the fold lines 501e and 501f The sheet body 481 is bent in a direction opposite to the direction in which the sheet body 481 is bent. The bent portion forms a side surface, and a box-shaped three-dimensional model can be made. The other sheet bodies 482 and 483 can have side surfaces as a whole three-dimensional model by adopting the same configuration. By providing the side surface, the volume as a three-dimensional object can be visually recognized, and there is an advantage that dust does not enter between the sheet bodies.

  FIG. 27B shows a state where the sheet body 481 is bent. When the distance between the first edge portion 501a and the second edge portion 501b is shorter than the length of the sheet body 481, the sheet body 481 rises. At this time, the sides of the fold lines 501e and 501f are raised, and the left edge portion 501c and the right edge portion 501d are slightly raised and move inward in the left-right direction. As a result, a region surrounded by the left edge 501c and the fold 501e and a region surrounded by the right edge 501d and the fold 501f form a side surface. By appropriately setting the shapes of the folds 501e and 501f, the cross-sectional shape of the rising sheet body 481 can be controlled. For example, it is possible to create a three-dimensional model similar to a trapezoidal gold block shape.

Example 9
In Example 8, the stacked sheets were raised to create a figure that did not displace. In the ninth embodiment, the basic technical idea is the same as that of the eighth embodiment. By enlarging each sheet body constituting the eccentric three-dimensional model described in the first embodiment and the like, the sheet body is thinner and smaller in number and larger. A three-dimensional model capable of creating a physical overshoot is provided.

  FIG. 28A shows an example in which the four sheet bodies shown in FIG. 9 are curved. Similar to Example 8, the length of the upper sheet is made longer than the length of the lower sheet. In FIG. 28 (a), by aligning the first edge portions 101a, 102a, 103a, and 104a of the respective sheet bodies and bringing the second edge portions 101b, 102b, 103b, and 104b closer to the direction of the first edge portion, The central part of each sheet is raised. In this way, by curving each sheet body of the three-dimensional model forming an eccentric shape observed from a predetermined direction, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional height without increasing the thickness of the sheet body itself. Become. The apparent excess rate can be increased by decentering, and the physical excess rate can be further increased by curving each sheet body. Specifically, the contour lines 91, 92, 93, and 94 on each sheet body are lifted up, thereby improving the stereoscopic effect.

  In the example of FIG. 28 (a), the curvatures of the sheet bodies 81, 82, 83, and 84 are the same. However, since the lengths of the sheet bodies are different, the second edge is grounded on the same plane. Each height increases in accordance with the length of the sheet body. That is, the longest sheet body 81 in the front-rear direction is the highest and the shortest sheet body 84 is the lowest. Therefore, the lower layer sheet body can be accommodated inside the upper layer sheet body.

  The center of each sheet body indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is the top of the curved sheet body. The curvature of each sheet body may be the same or different. By adjusting the positions of the second edge portions 101b, 102b, 103b, and 104b, the curvature of the sheet body can be set, and the three-dimensional shape can be controlled. When the sheet body is made of a transparent sheet material, it is not necessary to increase the thickness of the sheet body itself, so that the overall weight can be reduced. In this case, even if the depth is deep, there is an effect that the light is not attenuated more than necessary. Furthermore, similarly to Example 8, this solid model can maintain a solid shape without requiring a column. If a predetermined curved shape is stored in each soft sheet body, a three-dimensional shape can be formed again even after pressing the laminated body of sheet bodies in a planar shape. In Example 9, a three-dimensional model having a three-dimensional shape in which at least one sheet body 81 has a curved surface is provided. As described above, the curved surface may be configured by curving the sheet body, or the sheet body may be configured in advance as a curved surface. The curved surface may be a cylindrical primary curved surface having a predetermined curvature, or may be a higher-order curved surface. For example, the sheet body may be configured in advance as a spherical surface. The sheet body may be composed of a transparent display. In this case, the transparent display may be a flexible display that can be bent, or may be a transmissive curved display having a curvature in advance. . The configuration of the sheet body with the transparent display is as described above, and a moving image can be displayed on the transparent display.

  FIG. 28B shows an example of a three-dimensional model composed of four sheet bodies. FIG. 28B shows a state in which the four sheets shown in FIG. 28A are moved to align the second edge portions 101b, 102b, 103b, and 104b. As described with reference to FIG. 28A, a dynamically curved shape can be created by bringing both ends of the sheet body closer, but each sheet body may be formed in a curved shape in advance. Each sheet body having a curved surface shape can exhibit both three-dimensional shapes shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B by being moved while maintaining the curved surface shape. The curved surface can take various shapes, and the shape is appropriately determined according to the type of the three-dimensional model, and can have a curved surface shape of a first order or higher order.

  In the eighth and ninth embodiments, it is possible to form a curved surface such as a horizontal cylinder and a preset curved surface. Given the small scale topography, the depth direction forms a curved surface. That is, a curved surface that sinks to the horizon is formed as it goes deeper. The tangential direction of the curved surface can realize the same visual effect, and therefore, it is possible to realize an earth model showing local topography by curving and lifting the sheet body. As described above, it is also possible to realize an earth model by forming the sheet body in a curved surface shape in advance.

  When the curved surface is formed by curving the sheet body, the rigidity of the sheet body may be devised. In general, when the rigidity of the sheet body is constant over the entire surface, the curvature of the cross-sectional shape of each sheet body tends to increase in inverse proportion to the distance to both edges.

  Therefore, by making the rigidity in the vicinity of the center portion of each sheet body larger than the rigidity in the vicinity of the edge portion, it is possible to reduce the elastic deformation near the center portion when the sheet body is raised. As a result, it is possible to keep the center portion flat in the raised state, and it is possible to avoid an irregular shape due to the center portion of the sheet body being too raised. Moreover, even if it is a thin sheet | seat body, since there exists some elastic deformation, there exists an effect which can maintain a flat state.

  In order to increase the rigidity of the central portion of the sheet body, for example, the central portion may be thicker than the edge portion of the sheet body. The entire central portion may be thick, or only the sides on both sides of the central portion may be thick. In any case, by increasing the rigidity of the central portion with respect to both edge portions, the central portion can be maintained flat when raised. Between the edges, the rigidity may be changed stepwise or continuously. As a method for easily changing the rigidity of the sheet body, for example, a tape-like material having high rigidity may be attached to both sides of the central portion.

  Moreover, you may bend the both sides of the center part of a sheet | seat body. When both sides are bent, the distortion of the isoline at the center does not increase even if the sheet is greatly raised. By changing the rigidity of the sheet body in the bending direction, the cross-sectional shape of the sheet body can be made a specific shape. For example, shapes such as inclined surfaces and corrugations can be created.

  FIG. 29A shows a modification of the plurality of sheet bodies 621, 622, 623, and 624. The sheet body 621 is configured by drawing contour lines 611, has a first edge portion 601a and a second edge portion 601b, and includes bent portions 631 on both sides of the central portion between both edges. The sheet body 622 is configured by drawing contour lines 612, has a first edge portion 602a and a second edge portion 602b, and includes bent portions 632 on both sides of the central portion between both edges. The sheet body 623 is configured by drawing contour lines 613, has a first edge portion 603a and a second edge portion 603b, and has bent portions 633 on both sides of the central portion between both edges. The sheet body 624 is configured by drawing contour lines 614, and has a first edge portion 604a and a second edge portion 604b. The sheet bodies 621, 622, 623, and 624 are preferably made of a transparent material, but may be made of an opaque material.

  The sheet bodies 621, 622, and 623 are formed so that the width of the center portion is wider than the width of the edge portion. That is, the sheet bodies 621, 622, and 623 have protrusions protruding in the width direction at the respective central portions, and the bent portions 631, 632, and 633 are formed by bending the protrusions, respectively. . In the figure, the dotted line is a rectangular portion of each sheet body, and the outside of the dotted line is a protrusion. The curved sheet bodies 621, 622, and 623 are made of an elastic material.

  FIG. 29B is a cross-sectional view of the sheet body 621 shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, by forming the bent portion 631, the rigidity of the portion where the bent portion 631 is formed becomes larger than the rigidity of the portion where the bent portion 631 is not formed.

  FIG. 29C illustrates a state in which four sheet bodies are stacked and the first edge portions 601a, 602a, 603a, and 604a are aligned with the second edge portions 601b, 602b, 603b, and 604b. . These sheet bodies are stacked from the bottom in the order of sheet bodies 624, 623, 622, and 621. The sheet bodies 621, 622, and 623 are each curved and raised. The lower sheet body may have a smaller width so that the respective bent portions do not collide. By attaching a memory of folding to the sheet body, it can be made flat when stacked.

  Each of the sheet bodies 621, 622, and 623 is elastically deformed and rises. Since both sides of the central portion of the sheet bodies 621, 622, and 623 are bent, the rigidity of the portion is larger than the rigidity of the edge portion. Therefore, even if the respective sheet bodies 621, 622, and 623 are elastically deformed, the deformation of the bent portions 631, 632, and 633 is small, and other parts, that is, the vicinity of both edges are deformed while maintaining a nearly flat state. And get excited.

  By providing means for moving the sheet body at the second edge and means for maintaining the raised state, if the first edge of a plurality of sheet bodies is spelled, it becomes a booklet when the whole is flattened, and rises The sheet body can be turned one by one in a raised state. By doing so, a spelling page in a three-dimensional state can be realized, and a three-dimensional cross section can be viewed one page at a time in a three-dimensional state. Although various applications are possible, for example, it can be applied to stereoscopic display of medical scan images.

  In Examples 8 and 9, the three-dimensional model having a three-dimensional shape in which the sheet body has a curved surface has been described. The function of bending the sheet body to have a curved surface may be provided as an additional function in the planar solid model described in the first to seventh embodiments. Moreover, you may be comprised as a solid model single-piece | unit which has a solid shape by fixing the state which curved the sheet | seat body, and forming in a curved surface beforehand. The three-dimensional models shown in all the embodiments described above can also be used as a technique for representing medical images obtained from, for example, CT or MRI. This medical three-dimensional model is easy to understand intuitively by the patient and is easy to create.

It is a figure which shows the conventional 3D map model. It is the figure which the observer looked at the three-dimensional map model shown in FIG. 1 from the viewpoint whose overhead angle is larger than FIG. (A) is a cross-sectional side view of the three-dimensional model which concerns on the Example of this invention, (b) is a top view of the three-dimensional model which concerns on the Example of this invention. (A) is a figure which shows the state which inclined the stereo model to the observer side, (b) is a figure which shows the state which inclined the stereo model to the other side. It is a top view of a three-dimensional model. (A) is a figure which shows the structure of a sheet | seat body, (b) arrange | positions the 2nd edge part of all the sheet bodies, and has shown the state which decentered the object shape comprised by a several isoline. FIG. (A) is a figure which shows perspectively the relationship of each sheet body at the time of aligning a 1st edge part, (b) is perspective view the relationship of each sheet body at the time of aligning a 2nd edge part. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure which installed the display in the lower part of the transparent sheet | seat body. It is a figure which shows the modification of a some transparent sheet | seat body. (A) is a figure which shows the state which aligned the 1st edge part of the sheet | seat body, and was made to contact | abut to the 1st edge part of a case body, (b) is a case where the 2nd edge part of a sheet | seat body is aligned. It is a figure which shows the state made to contact | abut to the 2nd end part of a body. (A) is a figure which shows the side surface of the laminated body of a some sheet body, (b) is a figure which shows the modification of a sheet | seat body. (A) is a figure which shows an L-shaped building, (b) is a figure which shows the state which drawn the contour line on the transparent sheet | seat body. (A) is a figure which shows the state which aligned the 1st edge part of the 3 sheet | seat body, (b) is a figure which shows the state which aligned the 2nd edge part of the 3 sheet | seat body. (A) is the figure which tied the vertex in the same longitude and latitude with a straight line in a building, (b) is a figure which shows the sheet | seat body which drew the side surface. (A) is a figure which shows the state which aligned the 1st edge part of the 3 sheet | seat body, (b) is a figure which shows the state which aligned the 2nd edge part of the 3 sheet | seat body. (A) is a figure which shows the three-dimensional model comprised by a some elevation piece, (b) is a figure which shows the state which made the several elevation piece eccentric, (c) is a some elevation piece. It is a figure which shows the cross section which decentered. It is a figure which shows an example of a some sheet | seat body. (A) is a figure which shows the cross section of the state which aligned the 2nd edge part of each sheet | seat body shown in FIG. 17, (b) shows the upper surface of the state which aligned the 2nd edge part of each sheet | seat body. FIG. It is a figure which shows the three-dimensional model formed with the opening provided in several sheets of paper. (A) is a figure which shows three sheet bodies for laminating | stacking, (b) is a figure which shows the three-dimensional model which laminated | stacked three sheet bodies, (c) is a figure which shows FIG. It is a figure which shows the cross section of the three-dimensional model 10 shown to). (A) is a figure which shows what processed the sheet | seat body other than the lowest layer among the three sheet | seat bodies shown to Fig.20 (a), (b) is a top view of a three-dimensional model. (C) is sectional drawing of a solid model. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the solid model which restricted the eccentric direction, (b) is a figure which shows the solid model which changed the eccentric direction. It is a figure which shows the structure of the three-dimensional model provided with three transparent displays. It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the eccentric process in the solid model comprised with the transparent thin display. (A) is a figure which shows the modification of a some sheet | seat body, (b) is a figure which shows the state which aligned the 1st edge part of the sheet | seat body and contacted the 1st edge part of the case body. is there. It is a figure which shows the one aspect | mode of the solid model comprised by curving a sheet | seat body. (A) is a top view of a sheet | seat body, (b) is a figure which shows the state which curved the sheet | seat body. (A) is a figure which shows the example which curved the some sheet body shown in FIG. 9, (b) is a figure which shows the example of the solid model comprised by a some sheet body. (A) is a figure which shows the modification of a some sheet | seat body, (b) is AA sectional drawing of the sheet | seat body 621 shown to Fig.29 (a), (c) is four sheets. It is a figure which shows the state which laminated | stacked the sheet body.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... Solid model, 11, 12, 13, 14 ... Sheet body, 20 ... Case body.

Claims (19)

  A three-dimensional model, wherein a plurality of transparent sheet bodies each expressing an isoline are arranged in a predetermined order in a vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body. The plurality of transparent sheet bodies are laminated in such an order that the upper sheet body is longer or shorter in the predetermined direction than the lower sheet body,
The three-dimensional model according to claim 1, wherein the sheet body can be curved by reducing the distance between both ends of the at least one sheet body in a predetermined direction.   The three-dimensional model according to claim 1, wherein the isoline is expressed by being drawn by a transparent sheet body.   The three-dimensional model according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transparent sheet body is constituted by a transparent display, and the isolines are displayed on the transparent display.   The plurality of transparent sheet bodies are stacked so as to be movable with respect to each other, and are expressed in the plurality of sheet bodies by decentering the shape constituted by the isolines represented in the plurality of transparent sheet bodies. The three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a shape constituted by isolines can be changed.   5. The three-dimensional object according to claim 4, wherein the shape constituted by the isolines represented on the plurality of transparent displays is changed by changing the display positions of the isolines displayed on the plurality of transparent displays. 6. model.   A three-dimensional model in which a plurality of sheet bodies each expressing an isoline are eccentrically arranged in a predetermined order in a vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body.   A three-dimensional model characterized in that a plurality of sheet bodies each expressing an isoline are arranged in a predetermined order in a vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body, and the plurality of sheet bodies are relatively movable. . The plurality of sheet bodies are laminated in such an order that the upper sheet body is longer or shorter in the predetermined direction than the lower sheet body,
The three-dimensional model according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the sheet body can be curved by reducing the distance between both ends of the at least one sheet body in a predetermined direction.   The three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 12, 7, 8, and 9, wherein the isoline is expressed by an opening provided in the sheet body.   The three-dimensional model according to claim 10, wherein the opening of each sheet body is formed so that the opening of the sheet body located in the lower layer can be seen from above.   The plurality of sheet bodies are stacked so as to be movable with respect to each other, and are configured by isolines represented on the plurality of sheet bodies by moving the plurality of sheet bodies in the same direction by different amounts, respectively. The three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, wherein the shape can be changed.   The three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a shadow region indicating the occurrence of a shadow is formed in the vicinity of the isoline.   The shadow area is formed so that it is not visible from the outside when the aggregate of the plurality of sheet bodies is in the first state, and is visible from the outside when the aggregate of the plurality of sheet bodies is in the second state. The three-dimensional model according to claim 13.   The three-dimensional object according to any one of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a sheet body that connects two isolines represented on the two sheet bodies on a side surface that represents a value between them. model.   The three-dimensional model according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising means for limiting a moving direction of the plurality of sheet bodies.   A three-dimensional model in which a plurality of sheet bodies having different lengths in a predetermined direction are arranged in a vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body, and at least one sheet body has a three-dimensional shape having a curved surface. A plurality of sheet bodies having different lengths in a predetermined direction are arranged in the vertical direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet body, and one reference sheet body exists between the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer,
Between the reference sheet body and the lowermost sheet body, in the direction from the reference sheet body to the lowermost sheet body, the sheet bodies are arranged in such an order that the length in the predetermined direction becomes longer,
Between the reference sheet body and the uppermost sheet body, in the direction from the reference sheet body to the uppermost sheet body, the sheet bodies are arranged in such an order that the length in the predetermined direction becomes longer,
A three-dimensional model characterized in that at least one sheet body can be curved.   The three-dimensional model according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the sheet body is configured by a transparent display.

Images