JP2005535658A - ヒト女性の性的機能不全改善のための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
ヒト女性の性的機能不全改善のための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
膣部は外部生殖器と子宮部を連絡する管状構造である。その設計は剛性陰茎勃起の貫通を容易に収容する。子宮部の後方末端においては、円形化した頚部、即ち子宮頸部が円蓋即ち膣円蓋として知られる空間に突出している。前部では、感受性組織の2襞部、即ち小陰唇が膣開口部を包囲し、大陰唇として知られるより大型の折り畳み部により保護されている。
陰核は胎生学上の性器結節に由来する陰茎の相同体である。陰核は3つの部分、即ち最外部の亀頭部即ち頭頂部、中央の体部および最内部の脚部かななる円筒状の勃起性器官よりなる。陰核亀頭は小陰唇より現れると観察され、これは分岐して前方に上部包皮を、後方には小帯を形成する。陰核体は長さ約2.5cmの2対の陰核海綿体よりなり、尿道海綿体を欠失している。体部は冠部において皮膚下部で伸長し、陰核脚部にいたる。会陰内の体部の最近位の部分の分離により生じる2つの陰核脚部は、坐骨恥骨枝において恥骨結合の下面に両側性に連結している。線維性の白膜は、血管平滑筋の小柱およびコラーゲンの結合組織により囲まされた裂孔空間洞部よりなる体部の各々を鞘状に内包している。レトラクタ陰核筋肉は、それがウシやヒツジのような他の動物に存在するようにはヒトには存在していないが、支持性の提靭帯が陰核を膣口領域に保持している。
グラフェンベルグ点(即ちG点)もまた女性の性的興奮において役割を果たしている。グラフェンベルグ領域(グラフェンベルグ点またはG点とも称する)に関する現時点でのデータが最近総括された(Goldstein,I.ら「女性の性的機能不全(Female Sexual Dysfunction)」pp.507−557,523、Jardin,Aら編「勃起機能不全(Erectile Dysfunction)」(勃起機能不全に関する第1回国際会議、世界保健機構(WHO)、泌尿器疾患に関する国際会議(ICUD)およびSociete Internationale d’Urologie(SIU)共催、1999年7月1〜3日、パリにおいて開催、2000年)。グラフェンベルグは、特に膀胱基部の領域における尿道に沿った前膣部のデジタルストロークが女性対象に多大な性的興奮をもたらしたことを報告している(Grafenberg E.(1950年):「女性の陶酔感における尿道の役割(The role of the urethra in the female orgasm.)」Int.J.Sexology.3:145−148)。多くの女性において、この領域がインゲンマメ大に膨大し、膣部管腔内に突出した。この所見について着目するものは小数であった。この領域は再発見され、グラフェンベルグにちなんでG点と命名された(Ladad,A.K.ら、(1982年):「G点およびヒトの性的傾向に関する最近の発見(The G spot and other recent discoveries about Human Sexuality)」Holt,Rinehart&Winston,ニューヨーク州)。他の研究は「点」を位置決めできなかったが、小斑点の座位というよりはむしろ、前膣壁部に渡って伸長する尿道の全長に沿った一般的な興奮性の領域を発見した(Hoch Z.(1986年):「性学的検査による膣部性衝動感受性(Vagina erotic sensitivity by sexological examination.)」Acta Obstet.et Gynecol.Scand.65:768−773)。これを手動により刺激した場合、誘導された性的興奮はほぼ即時であった。AlzateとLondonoは尿道よりはむしろ膀胱基部に緊密に関連する性衝動感受性領域を位置決めした(Alzate H.とLondono M.L.(1984年):「膣部性衝動感受性(Vaginal erotic sensitivity.)」J.Sex&Marital Therapy.10:49−56)。Lenckらは生存対象において超音波により、刺激により性衝動を与える前膣壁部内の伏在構造を尿道括約筋として特定し、これを死体の切開により確認した(Lenck L.Ch.ら、(1992年):「括約筋尿道(G点)相関の解剖学的臨床(Sphincteruretral(point G)correlations anatomo−cliniques)」Revue Francais de Gyncologie et Obstrique.87:65−69)。他の検討によれば、G点/領域は前立腺の女性等価体に相当する、腺周囲または尿道傍の組織を含む尿道のその部分を示すことが示唆されている(Zaviacic M.とWhipple B.(1993年):「女性的前立腺および女性的射精に関する最新情報(Update on the female prostate and the phenomenon of female ejaculation)」J.Sex Research.30:148−151参照)。これらの腺は女性の約90%において様々な程度で存在している。
女性の性的興奮の応答相は、膣部および陰核並びに他の生殖器において生理学的変化が生じるまでは、欲望相と容易に識別されない。性的興奮および快楽感は、膣部充血および陰核勃起を含む恥骨血管鬱血および外生殖器の膨大を伴う。
動物実験に基づいて性的興奮に主に関連付けられている中枢神経系の領域は、内側視索前、前視床下部領域、および関連の辺縁−海馬構造を含む。認知作用が検討されており、1つの研究においては、結果は、女性における性的興奮への最大の寄与は、刺激の内容および意味の認知処理に起因し、末梢血管鬱血フィードバックに起因しないことを示唆している(Laan,E.ら、「女性における性的興奮の自覚的経験の測定。外性器の興奮および性衝動刺激の内容のフィードバック(Feedback from genital arousal and erotic stimulus content)」、Psychophysiol.32:44−(1995年))。
女性の性的機能不全は、伝統的には欲望/リビドの障害、興奮障害、骨盤疼痛障害、および抑制陶酔感を含んでいた。患者調査によれば、成人女性の18〜76%が性活動時にこのような問題を訴えると推定される。通常はアテローム性動脈硬化による血管疾患に起因する性的刺激時の膣部または陰核への異常な動脈血循環を端緒とすると考えられる女性の性的機能不全は、興奮障害と考えてよい。この血管性の女性の性的機能不全は、遅延した膣部鬱血、低減した膣部潤滑、交渉時の痛みおよび不快感、低下した膣部感覚、低下した膣部陶酔感、低下した陰核感覚または低下した陰核陶酔感のような臨床症状を含むと考えられる。骨盤骨折に起因する腸骨下腹外陰動脈床の外傷性傷害、または鈍麻性の会陰外傷もまた性的刺激後の低下した膣部/陰核部の血流をもたらし、この血管性の範疇に属する。
プロスタグランジンは特定の不飽和脂肪酸の一連の環状誘導体である。それらは前立腺、精嚢、肺、および脳を含む種々の組織中に存在する。これらの天然のプロスタグランジンはアラキドン酸のような20炭素の不飽和脂肪酸の環化により誘導される。Lehninger,Albert.,Biochemistry,第二版(1975年)、p.300(以後「Lehninger」と称する)を参照されたい。
a)総組成物の約0.07重量%〜総組成物の約0.4重量%のプロスタグランジンE1;
b)総組成物の約0.5〜約5重量%の適当な重合体;
c)総組成物の約70〜約90重量%の適当な緩衝剤;
d)総組成物の約0.5〜約15重量%の親油性成分;
e)総組成物の約0.4〜約5重量%の適当な乳化剤;および、
f)総組成物の約50〜約90重量%の水
を含有する。
[式中、nは約4〜約18の値を有する整数であり;Rは水素、C1〜C7アルキル、ベンジル、およびフェニルよりなる群のメンバーであり;R1およびR2は水素およびC1〜C7アルキルよりなる群のメンバーであり;R3およびR4は水素、メチルおよびエチルよりなる群のメンバーである。
[式中、nは約5〜約18の範囲の値を有する整数であり;yは0〜約5の範囲の値を有する整数であり;そしてR1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、およびR7は水素、C1〜C8アルキル、およびC3〜C8アリールよりなる群のメンバーであり;R8は水素、ヒドロキシル、C1〜C8アルキル、およびC3〜C8アリールよりなる群のメンバーである]で表すことができる。好ましいものは(N−置換アミノ)−アルカノールアルカノエート、例えばC5〜C18カルボン酸エステルおよび製薬上許容しうるその塩である。好ましい(N−置換アミノ)−アルカノールアルカノエートには(N,N−ジ置換アミノ)−アルカノールアルカノエートが包含される。
組成物Iは処方I(表1、下記)に従って以下に記載するとおり調製した。A部はエチルアルコール約5部の中にプロスタグランジンE1(アルプロスタジル アメリカ薬局方)約0.4部を溶解することにより形成した。次に、エチルラウレート約5部をアルコール−プロスタグランジンE1溶液に添加混合した。B部はpH5.5水/緩衝液から出発して調製した。水/緩衝液は十分な量の1塩基性リン酸カリウムを精製水に添加して0.1M溶液を作成することにより調製した。水/緩衝液溶液を最終濃度約0.05Mに希釈し、強塩基溶液(1N水酸化ナトリウム)および強酸(1Nリン酸)で約pH5.5に調節した。適当な緩衝液濃度は約0.005M〜約1.0Mの範囲である。好ましい緩衝液濃度は約0.05M〜約0.2Mの範囲である。いくつかの好ましい実施形態においては、緩衝液濃度は0.1Mである。プロピレングリコール(約5部)を水/緩衝液に添加し、次にポリアクリル重合体(約1部)をプロピレングリコール/水/緩衝液中に分散した。個々に記載する部は全て重量部である。
表1の処方に従って調製した組成物がプロスタグランジンE1を与える相対的能力を、皮膚および粘膜に相当する2種のインビトロのモデル系:脱皮ヘビ皮膚およびヒツジ膣膜において調べた。結果を図1〜3に示す。
浸透に対するプロスタグランジンE1濃度の影響を、剥離脱皮ヘビ皮膚を用いて調べた。剥離脱皮ヘビ皮膚は、粘着テープの適用と剥離の3〜5反復により、剥離脱皮ヘビ皮膚の外鱗層を除去することにより作成した(Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.,St.Paul,ミネソタ州)。被験組成物は実施例1に記載の通り調製し、最終比率(部)のプロスタグランジンE1(0.05%、0.1%または0.2%のいずれか);エタノール約5部;プロピレングリコール約5部;エチルラウレート約5部;ポリアクリル重合体約1部;1M NaOH約4.75部;0.005Mリン酸塩緩衝液pH約5.5が全体を100とする残余量を有するようにした。
本発明の局所用組成物中のプロスタグランジンE1の浸透を、実施例3の剥離脱皮ヘビ皮膚およびヒツジ膣膜インビトロ系を用いて比較した。使用した局所用組成物は実施例3の0.2%プロスタグランジンE1組成物であった。
本試験は、コントロールされた実験室設定においてFSADの女性対象において、プラセボおよび3用量の局所用プロスタグランジンE1クリーム(プロスタグランジンE1 0.05%、0.1%または0.2%のいずれかを含有する、実施例1の処方Iに基づく組成物)の薬効および安全性を評価するために実施した。薬効は目視的性刺激(VSS)の間における膣部フォトプレチスモグラフィー(Geerゲージ)により、定量的な患者アンケートおよび日記を用いることにより評価した。閉経前の対象は生理学的応答のその固有の規模が閉経後の対象のものよりも高値であって、薬理学的作用の測定の尤度を向上させるという推定の下に採用した。試験では性的機能不全を有する女性において局所用プロスタグランジンE1クリーム3用量の安全性を評価した。試験ではまた、膣部血流および滲出物ならびに生活の質の手段の改善への影響において、局所用プロスタグランジンE1クリーム3用量の薬効を評価した。
直前に視聴した性衝動性ビデオに関する以下の質問に回答してください。質問2〜4については、0は「皆無」、10は「極度」を意味する0〜10の尺度に対して貴方の反応を最もよく説明している数字を○で囲んでください。
1.どのビデオを最も興奮性が高いと思いましたか?
A B C D
2.このビデオの間にどの程度の自覚的な興奮を感じましたか?
皆無 極度
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3.このビデオの間にどの程度の潤滑化(湿潤性)を感じましたか?
皆無 極度
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4.このビデオの間にどの程度の充血(充満性)を感じましたか?
皆無 極度
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5.このビデオの間に膣部内部においてどの程度の刺痛を感じましたか?
皆無 極度
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6.ビデオ上映の間に得た感覚はどの程度快楽的なものでしたか?
皆無 極度
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7.ビデオ上映の間に中に何か別の身体的衝撃を感じましたか?
いいえ □
はい □ その衝撃を説明してください。
______________________________________
8.質問7において上記した衝撃を採点してください。
質問7においていかなる衝撃も記していません □
質問7において説明した衝撃は:
極めて不快 極めて快楽的
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9.ビデオ上映の間にどの程度緊張感が緩和しましたか?
皆無 極度
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10.ビデオ鑑賞において何か問題/困難がありましたか?明記してください。
______________________________________
無作為化プラセボ対照二重盲検クロスオーバー臨床薬効および安全性試験を、21〜45歳の11人の女性患者において実施した。試験のために選択された患者は、6ヶ月超の期間の女性性興奮障害(FSAD)と診断されていた。
Claims (41)
- 有効量の血管作用性のプロスタグランジンと、
アルキル−(N−置換アミノ)アルカノエート、アルキル−2−(N,N−ジ置換アミノ)アルカノエート、(N−置換アミノ)アルカノールアルカノエート、(N,N−ジ置換アミノ)アルカノールアルカノエート、製薬上許容しうるそれらの塩およびそれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される浸透増強剤と、
ポリアクリル酸重合体、多糖類ガム、変性多糖類ガムおよびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される重合体濃厚化剤と、
親油性成分と、
組成物のpHが3.0〜7.4となるような緩衝剤系と
を含む、局所適用に適する組成物。 - 血管作用性のプロスタグランジンが、プロスタグランジンE1、プロスタグランジンE1アルキルエステル、製薬上許容しうるそれらの塩およびそれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 血管作用性薬剤が、組成物の総重量に基づいて0.07重量%〜1重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 血管作用性薬剤が、組成物の総重量に基づいて0.07重量%〜0.4重量%の量で存在するプロスタグランジンE1である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 浸透増強剤がアルキル−2−(N,N−ジ置換アミノ)アルカノエートである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 浸透増強剤が、ドデシルN,N−ジメチルアミノイソプロプリオネート(DDAIP)および塩酸ドデシルN,N−ジメチルアミノイソプロプリオネート(DDAIP HCl)よりなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ポリエチレングリコール400を更に含有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 親油性成分が、C1〜C8脂肪族アルコール、C2〜C30脂肪族エステル、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 親油性成分がエタノールを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 親油性成分がプロピレングリコールを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 組成物のpHが約3.5〜約6.0である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 更に乳化剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 更に芳香剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 更に局所麻酔剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 組成物の総重量に基づき、
PGE1(プロスタグランジンE1)、製薬上許容しうるその塩、その低級アルキルエステル、およびそれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される血管作用性プロスタグランジン0.001重量%〜1重量%と、
変性多糖類ガム0.01重量%〜5重量%と、
ドデシルN,N−ジメチルアミノイソプロプリオネートまたは製薬上許容しうるその塩0.5重量%〜10重量%と、
エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される低級アルコール0.5重量%〜10重量%と、
エチルラウレート、イソプロピルミリステート、イソプロピルラウレート、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択されるエステル0.5重量%〜10重量%と、
組成物のpHが3.0〜7.4となるような緩衝剤系と
を含む、局所適用に適する組成物。 - 組成物の総重量に基づいてポリエチレングリコール400を1重量%〜25重量%更に含む、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 組成物の総重量に基づいてポリエチレングリコール400を3重量%〜20重量%更に含む、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 更に乳化剤を含む、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 組成物のpHが3.5〜6.0である、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 経皮または経粘膜への投与のための医薬組成物の調製用の、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 女性の性的興奮障害の治療のための医薬組成物の調製用の、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の局所用組成物の使用。
- 女性の性的興奮を増大させるための医薬組成物の調製用の、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の局所用組成物の使用。
- 女性の性的興奮障害を改善するための方法であって、治療の必要なヒト女性の外性器に請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を投与する工程を含む方法。
- 女性の性的興奮障害を改善するための方法であって、治療の必要なヒト女性の陰核およびグラフェンベルグ点に請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を投与する工程を含む方法。
- 女性の性的興奮障害を改善するための方法であって、治療の必要なヒト女性の外性器に、
性的興奮の増大をもたらすのに有効な量の血管作用性のプロスタグランジンと、
アルキル−(N−置換アミノ)アルカノエート、アルキル−2−(N,N−ジ置換アミノ)アルカノエート、(N−置換アミノ)アルカノールアルカノエート、(N,N−ジ置換アミノ)アルカノールアルカノエート、製薬上許容しうるそれらの塩、およびそれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される浸透増強剤と、
ずり流動化重合体と、
脂肪族C1〜C8アルコール、脂肪族C8〜C30エステル、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される親油性成分と、
酸性緩衝剤系と
を含む組成物を投与する工程を含む方法。 - 血管作用性プロスタグランジンが、PGE1、PGA1、PGB1、PGF1α、19−ヒドロキシ−PGA1、19−ヒドロキシ−PGB1、PGE2、PGA2、PGB2、19−ヒドロキシ−PGA2、19−ヒドロキシ−PGB2、PGE3、PGF2α、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- ずり流動化重合体が、ポリアクリル酸重合体、多糖類ガム、変性多糖類ガム、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 変性多糖類ガムが変性グアールガムである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 親油性成分が脂肪族C8〜C30エステルの少なくとも1種を包含する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 親油性成分が、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、トリグリセリド、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択されるグリセリルエステルの少なくとも1種を包含する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 親油性成分が、グリセリルモノオレエート、トリオレイン、トリミリスチン、トリステアリン、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択されるグリセリルエステルの少なくとも1種を包含する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 組成物が、ショ糖エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンエステル、長鎖アルコール、およびグリセリルエステルよりなる群から選択される乳化剤を更に含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 酸性緩衝剤系が約3〜約6.5の範囲の該組成物に対する緩衝されたpH値を与える、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 組成物を陰核およびグラフェンベルグ点に適用する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 組成物を性交渉の約5分〜約20分前に適用する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 組成物が更に芳香剤を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 組成物が更に保存料を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 組成物が更に局所麻酔剤を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 女性の性的興奮障害を改善し、かつ治療の必要なヒト女性の外性器に半固形プロスタグランジン組成物を適用する工程を含む方法であって、該組成物が、
変性多糖類ガムと、
PGE1、製薬上許容しうるその塩、その低級アルキルエステル、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される血管作用性プロスタグランジンの有効量と、
組成物の総重量に基づいて0.5パーセント〜10パーセントのDDAIPまたは製薬上許容しうるその塩と、
組成物の総重量に基づいてエタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される0.5パーセント〜10パーセントの低級アルコールと、
組成物の総重量に基づいてエチルラウレート、イソプロピルミリステート、イソプロピルラウレート、およびこれらの混合物よりなる群から選択される0.5パーセント〜10パーセントのエステルと、
酸性緩衝剤系と
を含む方法。 - 組成物を陰核およびグラフェンベルグ点に適用する、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 組成物を性交渉の約5分〜約20分前に適用する、請求項39に記載の方法。
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| US10/188,554 US6825234B2 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2002-07-02 | Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction |
| PCT/US2003/020779 WO2004004689A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-07-02 | Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction |
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| WO2012139033A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-11 | Nexmed Holdings, Inc. | Methods and compositions for treating raynaud's disease |
| CN104936582B (zh) | 2012-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | 帝国制药美国股份有限公司 | 用于激素和其他药剂的经皮传送的组合物和方法 |
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| WO2000033825A2 (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2000-06-15 | Nexmed Holdings, Inc. | Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023500372A (ja) * | 2019-11-08 | 2023-01-05 | ヴェラ・バイオサイエンス・インコーポレイテッド | 女性の性機能を強化するかまたは女性の性障害を治療するための末梢作用性カンナビジオール(cbd)含有組成物およびその使用 |
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| WO2004004689A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| WO2004004689A8 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| EP1517672A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
| US20030129241A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
| AU2003248785A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
| NO20045534L (no) | 2005-03-01 |
| CA2489563A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
| ZA200410009B (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| US6825234B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 |
| CN1665485A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
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