JP2005526018A - TIM−3、Th1特異的細胞表面分子に関連した組成物および方法 - Google Patents
TIM−3、Th1特異的細胞表面分子に関連した組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、概ね免疫応答の調節に有用な組成物および方法に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、Th1特異的細胞表面分子、すなわちT細胞免疫グロブリンおよびムチンドメイン含有分子−3(T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain−containing molecule−3)(TIM−3)の機能に関係し、かつ本明細書でともに開示される標的組織へのT細胞移動およびマクロファージ活性のレベルでの免疫エフェクター細胞機能を促進および阻害する方法に関する。また、本発明は疾患、例えば癌、感染性疾患、アレルギー、喘息、および自己免疫疾患を処置する方法に関する。
ナイーブCD4+Tヘルパー細胞の活性化によって、少なくとも2種類の異なったエフェクター集団、Th1細胞およびTh2細胞の分化が生ずる。Mosmann TRら (1986) J Immunol 136:2348−57; Mosmann TRら (1996) Immunol Today 17:138−46; およびAbbas AKら (1996) Nature 383:787−793。Th1細胞は、細胞内病原体に対する細胞媒介免疫応答、遅延型過敏反応(Sher A ら (1992) Annu Rev Immunol 10:385−409)、および器官特異的自己免疫疾患の誘導に、一般に関連しているサイトカイン(インターフェロンガンマ(IFN−γ)、インターロイキン−2(IL−2)、腫瘍壊死因子アルファ(TNF−α)、およびリンホトキシン)を産生する。Liblau RSら (1995) Immunol Today 16:34−38。Th2細胞は、細胞外寄生虫感染の制御に欠かすことができず、かつアトピー性およびアレルギー性疾患を促進させるサイトカイン(IL−4、IL−10、およびIL−13)を産生する。Sher Aら (1992) Annu Rev Immunol 10:385−409。疾患でのそれらの異なった役割に加えて、Th1およびTh2細胞は互いの増殖および機能を相互に調節し合う。従って、Th2細胞の優先誘導が自己免疫疾患を抑制し(Kuchroo VKら (1995) Cell 80:707−18; Nicholson LBら (1995) Immunity 3:397−405)、Th1細胞の優先誘導が喘息、アトピー、およびアレルギーの誘導を制御することができる。Lack Gら (1994) J Immunol 152:2546−54; Hofstra CLら(1998) J Immunol 161:5054−60。
本発明は、分化したTh1細胞で優先的に発現する膜貫通タンパク質TIM−3の同定ならびに構造的特徴付けおよび機能的特徴付けに部分的に基づいている。TIM−3のヒト形態およびマウス形態の両方の全長ヌクレオチドおよびアミノ酸配列を開示する。これらの配列を、米国特許第6,084,083号に開示されている独自に発見された200遺伝子および200遺伝子産物の対応配列と比較することで、それらの同一性が明らかとなる。しかし、驚くべきことに、TIM−3に対する抗体のインビボ投与は、ヒトの脱髄疾患である多発性硬化症のモデルとして幅広く認知されているTh1依存自己免疫疾患である実験的自己免疫脳脊髄炎(EAE)の臨床的重症度および病理学的重症度を高める。TIM−3に対する抗体の生体内投与はまた、マクロファージの数および活性レベルをも高める。TIM−3は、マクロファージ活性化および/または機能を調整することで、自己免疫疾患の誘導に重要な役割を果たし得る。従って、TIM−3は、末梢リンパ球組織でのマクロファージの活性化および増殖に重要な役割を果たす。さらに、この明細書で開示されるように、T細胞とマクロファージとのあいだの同族相互作用は、このマクロファージの増殖および活性化に関わっている。マクロファージの増殖および活性化は、Th1細胞によって誘導され、かつTIM−3依存型である。
本発明は、活性化Th1細胞の表面で選択的に発現する分子の機能的特徴の新たな認識に関する。特定の分子(ここではTIM−3と称する)のヌクレオチドおよびアミノ酸一次配列は、すでに米国特許第6,084,083号に記載されている。TIM−3が予測外にもマクロファージの活性化および増殖化に重要な役割を果たしていることが本発明によって発見された。また、驚くべきことに、マクロファージのTIM−3依存活性および拡大が予測外にもTIM−3発現T細胞とマクロファージとの間で同族の相互作用に関わっていることが、本発明によって発見された。この知見と一致して、マクロファージおよび樹状細胞を含む抗原提示細胞(APC)がTIM−3のリガンドまたは受容体を発現することが、本発明によってさらに発見された。
配列番号1−−マウスTIM−3cDNAのヌクレオチド配列
GenBank寄託番号AF450241
Phosphate Complex);テトロキソプリム;チアンフェニコール;チフェンシリンカリウム;チカルシリンクレシルナトリウム;チカルシリン二ナトリウム;チカルシリン一ナトリウム;チクラトン;チオドニウムクロリド;トブラマイシン;硫酸トブラマイシン;トスフロキサシン;トリメトプリム;硫酸トリメトプリム;トリスルファピリミジン;トロールアンドマイシン(Troleandomycin);硫酸トロスペクトロマイシン;チロトリシン;バンコマイシン;塩酸バンコマイシン;バージニアマイシン;およびゾルバマイシンが挙げられる。
Th1特異的mAbの産生。新規なTh1特異的細胞表面タンパク質を同定するため、ルイスラット(Lewis rat)およびLou/Mラットに、樹立Th1特異的クローンAE7および生体外(in vitro)で分化させた5B6由来Th1細胞系(Waldner Hら(2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:3412−17)とDO11.10 TCRトランスジェニックマウス由来Th1細胞系とを含むTh1T細胞クローンおよび細胞系を接種した。メスのルイスラットおよびLou/Mラット(ハーランスプラーグ−ドーリー社(Harlan Sprague−Dawley、Inc.))は、1〜5×107個のTh1極性分化(Th1−polarized)T細胞クローンおよび/または細胞系の皮下(s.c.)注射の組み合わせによって3回接種された。これらのラットを追加免疫し、その4日後、ポリエチレングリコール1450を用い、HAT培養液中で選別することによって、脾臓細胞を骨髄腫細胞(受託番号ATCC CRL8006)と融合した(Kohler Gら(1975) Nature 256:495−97)。約20,000のモノクローナル抗体(mAb)からなるパネルを作製した。融合プレートのウェルからとった上清を、Th1T細胞およびTh2T細胞のフローサイトメトリーによってスクリーニングした。Th1T細胞で陽性のシフトを示したがTh2T細胞では示さなかったハイブリドーマウェルの全てで、クローンを増殖させ、2回限界希釈してサブクローニングを行った。Th1細胞を選択的に染色した2種のmAb、すなわち8B.2C12および25F.1D6の特徴づけをさらに行った。これらのmAbは、細胞表面のあるタンパク質を認識するが、そのタンパク質は、樹立CD4+Th1細胞およびCD8+Tc1細胞上には存在するが、CD4+Th2細胞およびCD8+Tc2細胞上には存在しない(図1A)。
(TIM−3のクローニング) AE7Th1クローンのmRNAとpAXFベクターとを用いて、真核細胞発現ライブラリーを作製した。Seedによって開発された方法に基づく発現クローニング(Seed Bら(1987)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:3365−69))によってライブラリーのスクリーニングを行った。免疫選択された個々のプラスミドをCOS細胞へトランスフェクトし、その後、抗TIM−3抗体を用いて間接免疫蛍光染色した。陽性のクローンを配列決定した。この方法により、281アミノ酸からなり、以下のドメインをもつI型膜タンパク質をコードするマウスcDNAを同定した。すなわち、IgV様ドメインと、それに続く、31%のセリン残基およびトレオニン残基を含むムチン様ドメインとからなる細胞外ドメイン;膜貫通ドメイン;ならびに細胞質領域である(図1B)。cDNAによって発現されるこの遺伝子産物をTIM−3、すなわちT細胞免疫グロブリンおよびムチンドメイン含有分子と名付けた。細胞質領域は6つのチロシンを有し、そのうちの1つはチロシンリン酸化モチーフRSEENIY(配列番号7)の一部である。細胞外ドメインは4カ所のN結合型グリコシル化部位、および5カ所のO結合型グリコシル化部位を有す。
(TIM−3のインビトロ発現) TIM−3cDNA発現構築物を用いて、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣(Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO))細胞の安定したトランスフェクトを行った。安定したトランスフェクト体をフローサイトメトリーおよび免疫沈降で分析し、クローニングしたタンパク質がTIM−3であり、さらにそれが細胞表面に発現されていることを確認した(図1C)。
(TIM−3発現の動態) T細胞分化におけるTIM−3タンパク質の発現動態を調べるため、Th1分化誘導条件(Th1−polarizing conditions)またはTh2分化誘導条件下で、ナイーブDO11.10 TCRトランスジェニックT細胞のインビトロ活性化を行った。各回の再刺激の後、サイトカインを誘導するために、Th1およびTh2細胞をPMA/イオノマイシン(ionomycin)で刺激し、その後TIM−3およびCD4に対するmAbで染色し、さらに細胞内染色によってサイトカイン発現の検出を行った。この実験において、Th2細胞ではTIM−3がみられなかったが、Th1細胞では、3回目のインビトロ分化誘導(in vitro polarization)の後で検出された(図2)。従って、TIM−3の発現はT細胞分化の後期であり、このことは、TIM−3がそれ自体ではT細胞分化に寄与していないかもしれないが、Th1細胞の移動および/またはエフェクター機能に役割を持つ可能性があることを示唆している。
(EAEにおけるTIM−3の発現) 次いで、CNSのTh1媒介自己免疫疾患であるEAEの、進行期におけるTIM−3発現を調べた。EAE感受性であるSJLマウスを脳炎誘発性プロテオリピドタンパク質(PLP)の139〜151ペプチドHSLGKWLGHPDKF(配列番号8;クオリティー コントロールド バイオケミカルズ(Quality Controlled Biochemicals))で免疫した。EAEを誘導するため、メスのSJLマウス(生後4〜8週)(ジャクソンラボラトリー(The Jackson Laboratory))の各側部に、400μgの結核菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis;ディフコ(Difco))を含む完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA;ディフコ)に乳状化した50μgのPLP139〜151ペプチドを皮下(s.c.)注射した。以下のように段階付けされたEAEの兆候について、マウスを毎日検査した。すなわち、弛緩した尾、1;不均一な足並みおよび立ち直り反射異常、2;完全後肢麻痺、3;前後肢麻痺、4;瀕死状態、5である。マウスは、病状を記録し、免疫後の様々な時点で屠殺し、脾臓、脳、およびリンパ節を取り除き、TIM−3の発現を調べた。
順方向プライマー:CAAGCCGGTGGACCTCAGT (配列番号9);
逆方向プライマー:AGATGGGAGCCAGCACAG (配列番号10);
プローブ:AGCTGCCTGCCCAGTGCCCTT (配列番号11)
である。
ΔΔCT=ΔCT(1)試料−ΔCT(1)標準物質、
であり、相対的TIM−3発現量をグラフにするのに用いた値は、式2−ΔΔCTを用いて算出した。
(抗TIM−3投与に続く超急性のEAE) TIM−3のインビボでの機能をさらに調べるため、EAEの進行に対する抗TIM−3抗体投与の影響をテストした。PLP139〜151ペプチドにより前もって免疫したSJLマウスに、抗TIM−3抗体またはアイソタイプの一致した対照群ラットIg(rIgG2a)を投与し、EAEの進行を観察した。メスのSJLマウス(生後4〜8週間)(ジャクソンラボラトリー(Jackson Laboratory))の各側部に、400μgの結核菌(M.tuberculosis)を含んだCFA中にある25〜75μgのPLP139〜151ペプチドを皮下(s.c.)注射した。さらに各マウスに、0.1mlのPBS中にある100ngの百日咳毒素(pertussis toxin)(リストバイオロジカルラボラトリーズ(List Biological Laboratories))を静脈(i.v.)注射した。100μgの抗TIM−3抗体(0.2〜0.8EU/mgの毒素活性)もしくは100μgの対照rIgGまたはPBSを、0日目にから1日おきに10〜16日間、マウスに腹腔内(i.p.)注射した。上述のように段階付けされたEAEの兆候について、マウスを毎日検査した。疾患のピーク時または実験の最後に、脳と脊髄を取り出して10%ホルマリンで固定し、炎症および脱随についての病理組織学的検査をおこなった。
(インビトロにおけるCD11b+細胞の抗TIM−3媒介活性化および増殖) TIM−3のインビボでの機能と、すでに観察されているEAEでの役割とをさらに理解するため、EAEになりやすいメスのSJLマウス(生後4〜8週間)の各側部に、CFA中に乳状化された50μgのPLP139〜151を皮下(s.c.)注射し、100μgの抗TIM−3抗体もしくは100μgの対照rIgGまたはPBSを、1日おきに腹腔内(i.p.)注射した。マウスを10日目に屠殺して脾臓を取り出し、脾臓細胞の単離をおこなった。脾臓細胞を5x105細胞/mlで丸底96穴プレートに入れ、PLP139〜151、または対照抗原であるノイラミニダーゼ101〜120ペプチドEALVRQGLAKVAYVYKPNNT(配列番号12;Nase;クオリティー コントロールド バイオケミカルズ)の濃度を増大させながら(0−100μg/mL)48時間刺激した。1プレートあたり1μCiの3[H]チミジンを、プレートに12時間パルス投与した。取り込まれた放射線標識チミジンを、ベータプレート(Beta Plate)シンチレーションカウンター(ワラック(Wallac))を用いて測定した。rIgG2aで処置された対照群マウス由来の脾臓細胞は、低レベル(バックグラウンド)の増殖性反応(1000−5000cpm)を示し、特異的抗原の添加とともに、用量依存的に増殖性を増大させた。一方、抗TIM−3処置マウス由来の脾臓細胞は、特異的抗原に対する反応は同様であったが、抗原の非存在下で6〜10倍の基礎反応を有した(図5A)。抗TIM−3処置マウス由来の脾臓細胞をフローサイトメトリー分析した結果、CD11b+細胞集団、すなわち単球/マクロファージを主に含む細胞集団に、2〜3倍の増加が認められた。
(抗TIM−3処置APC細胞およびT細胞の基礎増殖性反応における相乗効果) 基礎増殖性反応における、T細胞および非T細胞、特にCD11b+細胞の役割を明らかにするため、T細胞および非T細胞を、抗TIM−3処置マウスおよびrIgG2a処置マウスの脾臓から単離した。全脾臓細胞またはT細胞(105)のいずれかを、2×105個のB細胞、2×105個のCD11b+細胞、または紫外線照射された脾臓細胞の存在下あるいは非存在下で培養し、増殖性反応を測定した(3Hチミジンの取り込みを三連で測定)。抗TIM−3処置マウスから単離したT細胞、B細胞、またはCD11b+単球の単独で示す基礎増殖性反応が穏やかなものでしかなかったのに対して、B細胞と、CD11b+細胞との両方を抗TIM−3処置T細胞と共培養したときに、高い基礎反応を再現した(図5C)。対照として、rIgG2a処置マウスからのT細胞に、B細胞、単球、またはB細胞と単球の両方を加えたときには、相加的な効果しか生み出されなかった(図5C(黒色棒))。交差増殖実験を行ったところ、抗TIM−3処置T細胞をrIgG2a処置B細胞およびCD11b+細胞に加えることにより、基礎増殖性反応の増大が認められた。しかし、最大の基礎増殖性反応を得るためには、抗TIM−3処置T細胞と、抗TIM−3処置非T細胞の両方が必要であった。脾臓細胞をFc受容体(FcR)阻害抗体とインキュベートしても、基礎増殖性反応の低下がみられず、従って、FcR媒介の架橋の可能性を、この機構から排除可能であると示唆された。さらに、紫外線照射された非T細胞を抗TIM−3処置T細胞に加えても、同様な高い基礎増殖性反応が再構成されなかったので、T細胞と非T細胞との相乗効果があらためて確認された。
(T細胞と非T細胞との同族的相互作用) 基礎反応の増大に、T細胞と非T細胞との同族的相互作用が必要であるかを明らかにするため、別々に設定した実験で、T細胞および非T細胞を、細胞接触を阻害する浸透性の0.2μmアナポア(Anapore)メンブレンで分離し、増殖性反応を測定した。同じく図5C(灰色の棒)に示されているように、抗TIM−3処置T細胞を抗TIM−3処置非T細胞から分離させたことにより、増殖性反応に劇的な低下が生じた。これは、T細胞と非T細胞との同族的相互作用が必須であることを示すものである。
TIM−3発現T細胞は、APCの増殖(expansion)および活性化を調節する。TIM−3発現T細胞がマクロファージおよび他の非T細胞の増殖および活性化を調節するか、直接検討するため、5×106個のTIM−3+ Th1 5B6トランスジェニックT細胞(PLP139〜151に対する特異性を有する)を、ナイーブSJLレシピエントに養子移植した。その後このレシピエントを、PLP139〜151で免疫し、0日目および2日目に抗TIM−3抗体または抗ICOS抗体(T細胞抗体結合対照群として)で処置した。3日目に脾臓細胞を取り出し、CD11b、F4/80、B220、およびMHCクラスIIに対するmAbで細胞を染色した。移植から3日後に脾臓細胞をフローサイトメトリー分析した結果、抗TIM−3処置群では、活性化されたCD11b+/F4/80+細胞の数に劇的な増加が認められたが、抗ICOS抗体処置マウスではみられなかった。サブセット2(図5D)では、CD11b+/F4/80+マクロファージの数に2〜3倍の増加があった。これらのF4/80+マクロファージでは、MHCクラスIIも高いレベルで発現されており、これらの細胞がより活性化されていたことを示す。
TIM−3は、Th1細胞の標的組織への移動を促進する。マクロファージの活性化における役割に加えて、TIM−3はエフェクターTh1細胞の移動にも役割をもつ。より具体的には、TIM−3の発現は、Th1細胞が炎症部位および標的組織へ移動するのを促進し、それらの場所でTh1細胞は組織傷害および自己免疫を媒介し得る。従って、Th1細胞表面のTIM−3の発現、またはTIM−3とそのリガンドとの相互作用に影響を与えると、Th1細胞がそれらの標的組織部位へ移動し免疫応答および炎症を媒介するのを、促進または抑制することになり得る。
(TIM−3リガンドは、APCで発現されている) Th1細胞上のTIM−3を架橋することによる、マクロファージおよびCD11b+細胞の活性化メカニズムをさらに解明するため、マクロファージおよび他のCD11b+細胞で発現される、TIM−3に対する受容体またはリガンドの存在を立証するための実験を行った。TIM−3を、遺伝的にヒト免疫グロブリンの定常領域に融合させ、可溶性TIM−3Ig融合タンパク質を調製した。TIM−3リガンドを様々な細胞型で同定するため、この可溶性タンパク質をビオチン化し、フローサイトメトリー実験に使用した。図7に示されているように、この因子を用いて、可溶性TIM−3Igが樹状細胞(D2Sc1)細胞株およびマクロファージ(RAW264.7)細胞株の細胞に結合するが、マウスB細胞株(LS102.9)の細胞には、全く結合しないか、結合しても弱く結合するのみであることが観察された。さらなる実験により、TIM−3Igがインビトロでマウス正常細胞に結合することと、インビボでCD11b+細胞に結合することが示された。
(可溶性TIM−3) マウスTIM−3の全長および選択的スプライシング型を、RT−PCRに基づく方法を用いて単離した。マウスTIM−3遺伝子の5’および3’非翻訳領域(UTR)にプライマーを設計し、コンカナバリンA活性化脾臓細胞から調製したcDNAを用いたPCRに使用した。大きさがおおよそ1kbと800bpである2つのアンプリコンをクローニングし、配列決定した。1kbアンプリコンの予測アミノ酸翻訳は、シグナルペプチドドメイン、IgVドメイン、ムチンドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、および細胞質ドメインからなるオープンリーディングフレームを明らかにした。対照的に、800bp産物からのオープンリーディングフレームを分析したところ、シグナルペプチドドメイン、IgVドメイン、および細胞質ドメインのみの存在を明らかにした。選択的にスプライシングされた可溶型TIM−3の推定アミノ酸配列を、配列番号13として提供する。
配列番号13--TIM−3の選択的にスプライシングされた形態のアミノ酸配列
(可溶性TIM−3融合タンパク質構築物) 潜在的TIM−3リガンドを同定し、T細胞反応の調節におけるTIM−3リガンドの機能的役割を明らかにするために、ヒトFcテール(tail)に融合したマウスTIM−3の細胞外部分を有する、2つの融合タンパク質を構築した。第1の構築物、すなわちmTIM−3/hFc融合タンパク質は、マウスTIM−3の細胞外領域全体(IgVドメインおよびムチンドメイン)を有し、それがヒトFcテールに融合している。第2の構築物、すなわちmTIM−3Ig/hFc融合タンパク質は、マウスTIM−3のIgVドメインのみを有し、それがヒトFcテールに融合している。選択的スプライシング型のTIM−3がシグナルペプチド、IgVドメイン、および細胞質ドメインのみをもつことを示すデータから、この分泌型TIM−3にIg特異的なリガンドがある可能性が示唆されたので、この第2の融合タンパク質を構築した。これら2つの融合タンパク質は、TIM−3リガンド結合分子であり、TIM−3リガンドと相互作用し、またTIM−3リガンドの同定に利用することができる。
(可溶性TIM−3の投与に続く超急性EAE) これら可溶性TIM−3融合タンパク質構築物の実験的自己免疫性脳髄膜炎(EAE)の発生に対する影響を明らかにする、SJLマウスに、100ngの百日咳毒素を含んだ完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA)中にある50μgのPLP139〜151を静脈注射により免疫し、さらに0日目から10日目まで1日おきに、100μgのTIM−3/hFc、100μgのmTIM−3Ig/hFc、100μgのヒトIgG(対照群)、または100μlのPBSを、腹腔内注射する処置をした。mTIM−3Ig/hFcまたはmTIM−3/hFcのいずれかで処置されたマウスは、疾患の重篤性と死亡率の両方で明らかなように(表2参照)、より重篤なEAEを進行させた。mTIM−3/hFcで処置されたマウスは平均疾患スコアが2.69であり、それに対して対照群のhIgG処置マウスは平均疾患スコアが1.86、PBS処置マウスは1.89であった。mTIM−3/hFcで処置されたマウスは、死亡率でも、増大した値31.3%を示し、それに対して対照群のhIgG処置マウスは5.8%、PBS処置マウスは5.6%であった。このような、mTIM−3/hFc処置による重篤性および死亡率の増大は、抗TIM−3抗体で処置したマウスでみられたEAEの増大を想起させるものであり、TIM−3リガンドのブロックまたは活性化により、TIM−3それ自体をブロックまたは活性化するのと同じ効果が引き起こされることを示唆している。
(脾臓細胞の、可溶性TM−3媒介活性化および増殖) このEAE増大を引き起こすインビボ機構をさらに理解するため、実施例15の記載のように、融合タンパク質または対照タンパク質で免疫および処置されたSJLマウスを、10日目に屠殺し、脾臓を除いた。全脾臓細胞を、チミジン取り込みによって測定された増殖アッセイを行うために、5×105細胞/ウェルでプレートに入れた。hIgG処置対照群およびPBS処置対照群の基礎増殖率が低かった(約10000cpm)のに対して、mTIM−3/hFc(約60000cpm)またはmTIM−3Ig/hFc(約140,000)で処置したマウスからの脾臓細胞は、ペプチドで再刺激しなくても非常に高いレベルで増殖した(図8A)。この結果は、再び、マウスを抗TIM−3抗体で処置したときにみられた結果を想起するものである。48時間目にとった上清を用いてサンドイッチELISAを行い、サイトカイン産生を測定した。mTIM−3/hFcで処置されたマウスはIFN−γ(4111pg/ml)、およびIL−2(592pg/ml)を高いレベルで産生し、一方hIgG処置対照群およびPBS処置対照群はIFN−γまたはIL−2を全く産生しなかった(図8B)。また、mTIM−3/hFcで処置されたマウスは、IL−4も、hIgG処置対照群より3倍多く産生した(図8B)。まとめると、mTIM−3Ig/hFcまたはmTIM−3/hFcのいずれかで処置されたマウスからの全脾臓細胞は、高度に活性化されており、大量のTh1サイトカイン(IFN−γおよびIL−2)を産生し、そしてTh2サイトカインであるIL−4を相当量産生することが、この結果により明らかになった。IL−10またはTFN−αは検出されなかった。
(TIM−3リガンドを同定するための可溶性TIM−3の使用) どのような細胞がTIM−3リガンドを発現するのかを明らかにするため、SJLマウス、NODマウス、BALB/cマウス、およびC57BL/6マウスからとったナイーブ脾臓細胞を、mTIM−3Ig/hFcおよびmTIM−3/hFc融合タンパク質を用いて染色した。適切に選択された細胞表面マーカーを用いた共染色により、脾臓細胞の個々の集団を同定した。フローサイトメトリー分析の結果、mTIM−3Ig/hFcが、ナイーブCD4+T細胞および活性化CD4+T細胞を特異的に染色することが判明した。従って、選択的スプライシング可溶型TIM−3の潜在的リガンドの1つは、CD4+T細胞で発現されていることが明らかになった。
Claims (71)
- 標的組織の免疫応答増強を必要としている被験体を処置する方法であって、
標的組織へのT細胞移動を促進させるために、有効量のTIM−3結合分子を前記被験体に投与することを含む、方法。 - 前記TIM−3結合分子は、TIM−3に特異的な抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子は、ハイブリドーマ8B.2C12によって発現される抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子は、ハイブリドーマ25F.1D6によって発現される抗体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子は、TIM−3に特異的な抗体のフラグメントである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子は、TIM−3の細胞外領域に結合する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3の細胞外領域は、IgVドメインまたはそのフラグメントである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3の細胞外領域は、ムチンドメインまたはそのフラグメントである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体は、癌に罹っているか、もしくは癌に罹る危険性がある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体は、感染症に罹っているか、もしくは感染症に罹る危険性がある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的組織は、脳、胸部、肺、腎臓、肝臓、膵、胃、腸、卵巣、子宮、精巣、前立腺、骨髄、骨、筋、および皮膚からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的組織が中枢神経系である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体がヒトである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が前記標的組織部位以外の部位に対しておこなわれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が前記標的組織に関連するリンパ節以外の部位に対しておこなわれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が全身投与である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が静脈内投与である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対するアジュバントの投与をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対する抗腫瘍剤の投与をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記抗腫瘍剤が腫瘍特異的抗体またはその腫瘍特異的フラグメントを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対するサイトカインの投与をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対する抗菌薬の投与をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対する抗ウイルス薬の投与をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対する抗真菌薬の投与をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対する駆虫剤の投与をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍の処置を必要としている被験体を処置する方法であって、
該腫瘍へのT細胞移動を促進させるために、有効量のTIM−3結合分子を該被験体に投与することを含む、方法。 - 前記TIM−3結合分子は、ハイブリドーマ8B.2C12によって発現された抗体である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子は、ハイブリドーマ25F.1D6によって発現された抗体である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 感染症に対する処置を必要としている被験体を処置する方法であって、
該感染症へのT細胞移動を促進させるために、有効量のTIM−3結合分子を該被験体に投与することを含む、方法。 - 前記TIM−3結合分子は、ハイブリドーマ8B.2C12によって発現された抗体である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子は、ハイブリドーマ25F.1D6によって発現された抗体である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 被験体の標的組織へのT細胞移動を減少させる方法であって、
該被験体の標的組織へのT細胞移動を減少させるために、有効量のTIM−3リガンド結合分子を該被験体に投与することを含む、方法。 - 前記TIM−3リガンド結合分子は、TIM−3の細胞外領域にある少なくとも1つのドメインを含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのドメインがIgVドメインである、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3リガンド結合分子が可溶性TIM−3である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性TIM−3は、TIM−3の細胞外領域にある少なくとも1つのドメインと、免疫グロブリンの定常重鎖またはその一部とを含む融合タンパク質である請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのドメインは、IgVドメインである、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体は、前記標的組織の自己免疫疾患に対する処置を必要としている、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記標的組織は、中枢神経系、膵島、および関節滑液からなる群から選択される、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記自己免疫疾患は、多発性硬化症、1型真性糖尿病、および慢性関節リウマチからなる群から選択される、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 喘息またはアレルギーを処置または予防する方法であって、喘息またはアレルギーを処置または予防するために、被験体のT細胞でのTIM−3の活性または発現を高めることを含む、方法。
- 前記T細胞がTh2細胞である、請求項41の方法。
- 被験体のTh2媒介障害を処置する方法であって、
Th2媒介障害に罹った被験体のTh2細胞の表面上で、Th2媒介障害を処置するのに有効な量のTIM−3を発現させることを含む、方法。 - 前記Th2媒介障害が喘息である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 抗原提示細胞(APC)活性化を促進させる方法であって、APCを活性化させるために、有効量のTIM−3リガンド結合分子を前記APCに接触させることを含む、方法。
- 前記APCがマクロファージである、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記APCが樹状細胞である、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3リガンド結合分子がTIM−3の細胞外領域を含む、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3リガンド結合分子が可溶性TIM−3である、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記可溶性TIM−3は、TIM−3の細胞外領域にある少なくとも1つのドメインと、免疫グロブリンの定常重鎖またはその一部とを含む融合タンパク質である、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのドメインがIgVドメインである、請求項求50に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が細胞内感染を処置または予防する方法である、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が癌を処置または予防する方法である、請求項49に記載の方法。
- APC活性化を促進させる方法であって、
T細胞にTIM−3結合分子を接触させる工程、
APCに該T細胞を接触させて該APCを活性化させる工程、
を含む、方法。 - 前記TIM−3結合分子がTIM−3に特異的な抗体である、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子がハイブリドーマ8B.2C12によって発現される抗体である、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子がハイブリドーマ25F.1D6によって発現される抗体である、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子は、TIM−3に特異的な抗体のフラグメントである、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3結合分子がTIM−3の細胞外領域に結合する、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞のT細胞抗原受容体によって特異的に結合した抗原を、T細胞に接触させることをさらに含む、請求項54に記載の方法。
- TIM−3に特異的な抗体を、前記APCに接触させることを、さらに含む、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記T細胞と前記APCとの接触がエキソビボでおこなわれる、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記抗原が腫瘍抗原である、請求項60に記載の方法。
- マクロファージ活性化を阻害する方法であって、APCの活性化を阻害するために、TIM−3の活性または発現を減少させる薬剤を有効量で該APCに接触させることを含む、方法。
- 前記TIM−3の活性または発現を減少させる薬剤は、可溶性TIM−3である、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3の活性または発現を減少させる薬剤は、TIM−3の細胞外領域にある少なくとも1つのドメインを含む、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのドメインがIgVドメインである、請求項66に記載の方法。
- 前記TIM−3の活性または発現を減少させる薬剤は、TIM−3の細胞外領域にある少なくとも1つのドメインと免疫グロブリンの定常重鎖またはその一部とを含む融合タンパク質である、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのドメインがIgVドメインである、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 細胞内感染を処置または予防する方法であって、
マクロファージ上のTIM−3リガンド結合分子にTIM−3発現細胞を接触させることで、マクロファージの活性化を促進させることを含む、方法。 - 癌を処置または治療する方法であって、
前記APC上のTIM−3リガンドにTIM−3発現細胞を接触させ、前記APCに癌抗原を接触させることで、該APCの活性化を促進させることを含む、方法。
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- 2009-07-16 JP JP2009168305A patent/JP2009235099A/ja active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-12-20 US US13/331,387 patent/US8697069B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2014
- 2014-02-20 US US14/185,050 patent/US20140242094A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-08-20 US US14/464,447 patent/US9333256B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2014-08-20 US US14/464,455 patent/US9962440B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2018
- 2018-03-15 US US15/922,337 patent/US20180271977A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11501807A (ja) * | 1995-03-03 | 1999-02-16 | メレニウム ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレーテッド | 免疫疾患の治療および診断のための組成物および方法 |
| WO2001012215A2 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-02-22 | The Rockefeller University | Protective antigen of epstein barr virus |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5748653B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-10 | 2015-07-15 | 協和発酵キリン株式会社 | 抗tim−3抗体を用いた血液腫瘍治療法 |
| WO2010117057A1 (ja) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-10-14 | 協和発酵キリン株式会社 | 抗tim-3抗体を用いた血液腫瘍治療法 |
| US10550181B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2020-02-04 | Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd | Anti-TIM-3 antibody |
| WO2011155607A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | 協和発酵キリン株式会社 | 抗tim-3抗体 |
| JPWO2011155607A1 (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2013-08-15 | 協和発酵キリン株式会社 | 抗tim−3抗体 |
| US8552156B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2013-10-08 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Anti-TIM-3 antibody |
| US9556270B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2017-01-31 | Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd | Anti-TIM-3 antibody |
| JP2017189168A (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2017-10-19 | 協和発酵キリン株式会社 | 抗tim−3抗体 |
| JP2018503396A (ja) * | 2014-11-06 | 2018-02-08 | エフ・ホフマン−ラ・ロシュ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 抗tim3抗体及び使用方法 |
| JP2018518987A (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-07-19 | ウィルソン ウォルフ マニュファクチャリングWilson Wolf Manufacturing | 試験のための改良された培養方法と装置 |
| JP2023012529A (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2023-01-25 | ウィルソン ウォルフ マニュファクチャリング | 試験のための改良された培養方法と装置 |
| JP7544787B2 (ja) | 2015-05-08 | 2024-09-03 | ウィルソン ウォルフ マニュファクチャリング | 試験のための改良された培養方法と装置 |
| JP2024164143A (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2024-11-26 | ウィルソン ウォルフ マニュファクチャリング | 試験のための改良された培養方法と装置 |
| US11130810B2 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2021-09-28 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Bispecific antibodies specific for PD1 and TIM3 |
| US12391757B2 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2025-08-19 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Bispecific antibodies specific for PD1 and TIM3 |
| US11413331B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2022-08-16 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Immunoconjugates |
| US12023368B2 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2024-07-02 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Immunoconjugates |
| US11285207B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2022-03-29 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Bispecific antibodies specifically binding to PD1 and LAG3 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2009202143B2 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
| EP3020413A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| CA2474497C (en) | 2013-12-03 |
| US20140242094A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| US20180271977A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| JP4694128B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 |
| WO2003063792A2 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| US20150044229A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
| EP1467759A4 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| JP2009235099A (ja) | 2009-10-15 |
| US9962440B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
| US20090110687A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
| US20150044230A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
| CA2474497A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| US8697069B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
| US20040005322A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| US8101176B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 |
| WO2003063792A3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| US7470428B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 |
| US9333256B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
| AU2003303082A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| AU2003303082B2 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
| US20120315286A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
| EP1467759A2 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
| EP4091631A1 (en) | 2022-11-23 |
| AU2009202143A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| WO2003063792A8 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
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