JP2005520470A - Motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal device - Google Patents

Abstract

Motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal equipment,
At least one movable body (11) (eg, a rotor) having a plurality of surfaces (14a-d) as viewed in cross-section and having a plurality of magnets or coils (13) on each of these surfaces (14a-d) Or shuttle),
A plurality of electric conductor assemblies surrounding each of these movable bodies (14), each of which has a plurality of electric conductors (15), and each electric conductor (15) of these assemblies is A plurality of electric conductors having surfaces corresponding to the surfaces (14a to 14d) of one movable body component (11) having a magnet or a coil (13), and these surfaces being substantially the same surface Power is supplied to the assembly (15) (eg, stator windings or solenoids), as well as the electrical conductors of these electrical conductors (15), thereby interacting with the movable body (11) and Means for creating a magnetic field that moves the movable body (11), or means for mechanically moving the movable body (11), thereby inducing current in the electrical conductor (15) of the electrical conductor assembly;
Having equipment.

Description

  The present invention is a new device that can function in various forms and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy, depending on the particular deployment method in the various possible embodiments. To do. For example, it can function as a central part of an AC generator or a synchronous generator. Furthermore, it can be developed as an electric motor. Thus, as used herein, the term “motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal device” refers to the variety of forms that those skilled in the art can use the device in various embodiments. It is intended to show. More specifically, such embodiments include AC motors (single phase or multiphase), AC generators (single phase or multiphase), DC motors, DC generators, universal motors, stepping motors, servo motors, switches. It may be used as (but is not limited to) an essential component in trilactance (SR) motors, linear motors, pancake motors, high speed / high acceleration motors. One skilled in the art will effectively replace the conventional assembly that serves to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electromechanical device of the type described above. You should know what you want to do. The art is full of literature for those skilled in the art to design systems that utilize the present invention as essential components that serve to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy.

This application claims priority based on the invention of Patent Document 1 filed on May 16, 2001.
US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 291,464

The following US patent documents are believed to be relevant to the present invention, but do not provide any suggestion to the present invention.
US Pat. No. 4,996,457 US Pat. No. 5,517,099 US Pat. No. 5,808,395 US Pat. No. 5,818,139 US Pat. No. 5,990,590 US Pat. No. 6,068,573 US Pat. No. 6,072,298 US Pat. No. 6,104,112 US Pat. No. 6,121,749 US Pat. No. 6,138,781 US Pat. No. 6,140,731 US Pat. No. 6,166,525 US Pat. No. 6,232,742 US Pat. No. 6,252,325 US Pat. No. 6,259,176 US Pat. No. 6,259,233 US Pat. No. 6,343,433 US Pat. No. 6,343,910 US Pat. No. 6,384,555

  In the broadest embodiment, this motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal device can be considered to comprise:

  -At least one movable part or a plurality of movable parts, such as a shuttle or a rotor, and these movable parts have a plurality of surfaces when viewed in a sectional view, and each of these surfaces is on that surface. One with multiple magnets or coils.

  A plurality of electrical conductor assemblies (eg, stator windings or solenoids) surrounding each of these movable parts, the electrical conductors of these electrical conductor assemblies corresponding to the surface of one movable part part having a magnet That have the same surface, and these surfaces are almost the same surface.

  Means for supplying power to the electrical conductors of the electrical conductor assembly, thereby creating a magnetic field, which interacts with the magnetic field of the magnet of the corresponding movable part, thereby moving this movable part; Or means for mechanically moving the movable part, thereby inducing current in the electrical conductors of the electrical conductor assembly.

  In one particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises the following components:

  (a) at least one rotor having a plurality of surfaces as viewed in cross-section, each of which has a plurality of magnets or coils on the surfaces.

  (b) a plurality of stator assemblies surrounding each of these rotors, each having a plurality of windings, each stator of these assemblies corresponding to the face of one rotor having a magnet A plurality of stator assemblies having surfaces and arranged so that these surfaces are substantially the same surface.

(c) (i) means for supplying power to the windings of these stator assemblies, thereby creating a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field of the corresponding rotor to rotate the rotor. Or
(ii) means for mechanically rotating the rotor, thereby inducing current in the windings of the stator assembly;

  FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the second embodiment described above, showing a rotor 11 and stator assemblies 12a and 12b. In the rotor embodiment depicted here, the magnet 13 is preferably a permanent magnet and is on four surfaces 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d, with the surfaces 14c and 14d being on opposite sides 14a, It is partially hidden on the surface 14b. These magnets 13 need to be made of a material that has a repulsive force and maintains a substantially permanent magnetic flux density. Representative magnetic materials of this type include, but are not limited to, ferrite ceramics, samarium-cobalt bonded magnets and neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) based sintered magnet mixtures. Absent.

  In FIG. 1, the stator assemblies 12a and 12b each have a plurality of windings. These windings on the individual stators of this assembly can have various winding configurations (eg, conical configurations) but have a surface corresponding to the rotor surface with the magnets, and these surfaces are It arrange | positions so that it may become a substantially identical surface (or direction of 180 degree | times). In order to avoid unwanted eddy current interference, the magnetic fields associated with the rotor and stator assembly are each preferably approximately 90 degrees to each other (as will be described later, as seen in FIG. 4). Such a configuration increases the degree of magnetic coupling compared to the conventional motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal device structure that does not have such a new configuration, and the platform depicted here has a very high magnetic flux. It is intended to have efficiency. These stator assemblies can surround the rotor except for the power takeoff surface. Further, the power take-off surface can have a planetary gear group and an output shaft, or a protruding gear, which are arranged in the housing 20 of the device. These windings have multiple contacts for supplying power to these windings, both with and without active control from the system. The assembly is completed with a central shaft 16 that is fixedly connected to the rotor center 17 and passes through the central opening 18 of each stator assembly 12a and 12b, and an end plate 19.

  The general rotor / stator depicted in FIG. 1 is coordinated and coupled with conventional means using techniques well known in the art, as a motor, as an alternator, or as a synchronous generator. Function as. For example, by means of conventional means (not shown here), current is supplied to the winding of the stator assembly, thereby supplying power to this winding, thereby forming an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the direction of current flow. This structure acts as a motor by creating a magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field lines generated by the corresponding permanent magnets of the rotor and rotating the moving parts. To do. Conversely, when the shaft and the rotor connected to it are mechanically rotated (using conventional means not depicted here) to induce current in the winding, the assembly shown in FIG. The product functions as a generator.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor 11 having a quadrangular cross section, showing the rotor surface 14 and the permanent magnet 13 more clearly. Preferred shapes of the rotor cross section include a quadrilateral, triangular, polyhedral or two-sided structure (ie, a flat plate having two or more regions). The rotor structure according to the present invention is configured such that the magnetic flux is radiated over 360 degrees on the surfaces of one or more rotors.

  FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment, which is illustrated in FIG. 1 with respect to the arrangement of magnets and assemblies that enclose these magnets and that have electrical conductors that generate a magnetic field when a current is applied. Linear motor equipment is constructed using the same general principles that form the basis of the equipment used. This device has a movable shuttle on a guide rod 35, with a plurality of permanent magnets 32 embedded in its surface, a plurality of solenoid assemblies 33 surrounding the shuttle, and each solenoid of the assembly has a magnet. It has a surface corresponding to the surface of the shuttle it has, and these surfaces are arranged so as to be substantially the same surface. Powering this solenoid, thereby creating a magnetic field that interacts between this magnetic field and the magnetic field by the corresponding shuttle to move the shuttle, or mechanically move the shuttle, Means for inducing a current in the solenoid of the solenoid assembly.

  One possible construction of these magnets and stator / solenoid is shown in FIG. 4 and includes magnetic material windings 33 and 36 of the stator / solenoid assembly 32 (right and left handed coils wired in series). ) Generates magnetic flux. In this case, the magnetic flux is focused and concentrated through the air gap by the permanent magnet 34 of the rotor / shuttle 31. This flux then travels through the rotor / shuttle 31 and the opposite magnet 35, is focused through the second air gap, and enters the opposite stator / solenoid 36 (left-handed coil). And by going through free space or magnetic material, this magnetic flux completes the magnetic circuit.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of this device, showing the path of the magnetic flux. In this figure, for the sake of clarity only, the return path of the magnetic flux through free space (which completes the magnetic circuit) is not shown. Again, magnetic flux is coupled to and induced in the magnetic material, thereby reducing the overall reluctance of the magnetic circuit and increasing the force applied to the magnet. Again, the corresponding mirror image configuration of the flux path through the opposite stator / solenoid assembly is not shown.

  Connect stator / solenoid windings to take advantage of the normal inherent rotating magnetic flux generated by alternating current, or use an active control mechanism to power the winding pairs in sequence. Causes the rotor / shuttle to act on the rotor / shuttle by alternating alternating and repulsive forces (in the case of alternating currents) or in turn (if using a control mechanism), thereby converting the electrical energy into mechanical energy, thereby the rotor / Shuttle and accessories attached to the rotor / shuttle can be moved.

  In order to evaluate the focusing effect of the permanent magnets and the resulting force acting on the rotor / shuttle, this device can be integrated into the smallest possible element: one magnet group and one corresponding stator / solenoid group. It is best to try to reduce it. And, between the attractive force and repulsive force part in the cycle (in the case of alternating current) or the attractive force generated in sequence (in the case of using the control mechanism), the force acting on these elements is analyzed using a normal magnetic circuit method. can do.

In the attractive phase, the magnetic flux through the stator / solenoid and the rotor / shuttle can be expressed mathematically (in static) as follows:

Y _{m, core} = nI / [2R ₁ +2 (x1 / u ₀ A _ag ) +2 Y _{m, pm} + (x2 / u ₀ A _mg ) + (x3 / u ₀ A _rg )]

here,
n = number of turns of coil I = current value in amperes
R ₁ = Magnetoresistance of stator / solenoid core
x1 / u ₀ A _ag = Magnetoresistance of air gap between stator / solenoid surface and rotor / shuttle surface
Y _{m, pm} = permanent magnet magnetic flux
x2 / u ₀ A _mg = Magnetoresistance of air gap between rotor / shuttle magnets
x3 / u ₀ A _rg = Magnetoresistance of the gap between the opposite stator / solenoid back (return path)
x1, x2, x3 = length of magnetic path of each air gap
A _zz = _Cross -sectional area of the corresponding gap

In kinetics, this equation is

dY _{m, core} / dφ = {ndI / dt / [2R ₁ +2 ((dx1 / dφ) u ₀ A _ag ) + (x2 / u ₀ A _mg ) + (x3 / u ₀ A _rg )]} + 2Y _{m, pm}

It is expressed.

Here, dφ = change in linear or angular displacement of the rotor / shuttle part, and the magnetic flux passing through the stator / solenoid and the rotor / shuttle in the repulsive force stage can be expressed mathematically as follows: it can.

dY _{m, core} / dφ = {-ndI / dt / [2R ₁ +2 ((dx1 / dφ) u ₀ A _ag ) + (x2 / u ₀ A _mg ) + (x3 / u ₀ A _rg )]} + 2Y _{m , pm}

The force exerted by the stator / solenoid winding on the opposing magnet groups in both the attractive and repulsive phases of the cycle is determined by the equations defined above with reference to FIG.

F _max = -1 / (u ₀ A _ag ) * Y ² _{m, core} [Attraction in static state]
F _max = 1 / (u ₀ A _ag ) * Y ² _{m, core} [Repulsive force in static state]

Y _{m, core} = B _av * A _ag , and these equations can be rewritten as follows.

F _max = -A _ag / u ₀ * B _av ² [Attraction in static state]
F _max = A _ag / u ₀ * B _av ² [Repulsive force in static state]

Since only the force component acting on the rotor / shuttle contributes to the operation of the rotor / shuttle, the force vector must be broken down into its individual components. Therefore, in FIG. 5, only the _Fy component is targeted. Therefore, when this force is resolved, it will change sinusoidally as the magnet approaches the stator / solenoid surface.

F _y = F _max Sin φ

Here, φ = angle between the magnet surface and the stator / solenoid surface.

And in dynamics, this equation is

dF _y / dφ = F _max d (Sinφ) / dφ

It becomes.

  Given the implications of these equations, we come to the following conclusions: The force in the air gap is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux through the air gap and the square of its magnetic flux density.

  Since the magnetic flux follows the path of least reluctance through the magnet, by using a permanent magnet, the magnetic flux density in the air gap during the attractive phase of the cycle is effectively increased and the smallest possible cross-sectional area, That is, it is confined and focused on the cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet.

  Minimizing the cross-sectional area and maximizing the magnetic flux density in the air gap can maximize the force acting on the rotor / shuttle at the cycle attractive and repulsive stages.

As noted above, those skilled in the art will be able to use the conventional assembly currently known in the art and other conventional components used in different rotor / stator structures to produce the assembly shown in FIG. Can be used for various devices. A person skilled in the art refers to a standard reference (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1; the full text of this reference is incorporated here for reference) and any of the following structures: It can be easily configured.
Electric Motor Repair, Third Edition by Robert Rosenberg and Hand et al; Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970

  The following is a list of preferred feasible structures, but not exhaustive.

  AC or DC induction motor: An induction motor can be constructed by incorporating the steel laminate 61 inside the rotor. See FIG.

  AC motor: If conventional active control is not used, the motor can function as a single-phase or multi-phase AC motor. In order to operate the motor with one of two different operating voltages, the windings belonging to the same phase are wired in series or in parallel.

  DC motor: A commutator can be used to allow the motor to function as a DC motor.

  AC / DC motor universal equipment: In this case, a commutator is used and the windings are connected so that the motor operates in this configuration.

  Winding motor: As described above, the winding 71 is attached to the rotor (induction type motor). See FIG.

  Brushless servomotor: In this case, an active control mechanism is used, and the stator winding is formed in a Y-connected three-phase winding configuration to produce a trapezoidal torque characteristic.

  Pancake motor: All motors with a diameter larger than the thickness can be called pancake motors. These motors are generally called torque motors, have direct drive capability, and can transmit power to a load without the need for a mechanical transmission.

  Stepping motor: An active control mechanism is used to pulsate and brake the rotor, thereby moving the rotor in discrete incremental increments, causing the motor to function as a stepping motor.

  Switched reluctance motor: In this embodiment, an active control mechanism is used to power the coil windings in turn, independently of each pair of phases, to generate a rotating magnetic field. A plurality of permanent magnets are configured as a pair of poles, and the pair of poles follows the rotating magnetic field.

  High-speed / high-acceleration motor: Uses an active control mechanism to supply power to the coil windings by changing the electric field into a high-frequency sine waveform.

  Motor / alternator / synchronous generator: This device is attached to the rotor by controlling the winding from the outside, switching the connection of each part of the winding, with or without actively controlling this device The kinetic energy of the assembly is used to control whether a current can be generated. For example, this current can be returned to the local power system.

  Alternator / synchronous generator: The device is controlled externally with or without active control of this device, and the connection of each part of the winding is switched, and this device is assembled to the rotor and attached assembly. The kinetic energy of the product is used to control whether or not an electric current can be generated by interaction with the permanent magnet. Furthermore, this current can be returned to the local power system. And, if necessary, a stator assembly that includes a planetary gear group and an input shaft arranged in the housing of the device or a rotor having a gear protruding from the surface of the motor housing, except for a surface for inputting power. Can be completely surrounded by. FIG. 8 shows a possible rotor modification method for incorporating the planetary gear group 81.

  The above description and accompanying drawings are merely intended to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention and should not be construed in a limiting sense. The scope of the protection sought after is set forth in the appended claims.

Perspective exploded view of the second embodiment Cross section of a rotor with a square cross section Linear motor equipment in another embodiment One possible structure of magnet and stator / solenoid Attraction and repulsion between magnet and stator / solenoid Rotor with steel laminate Windings and rotors in induction motors Rotor incorporating planetary gears Example of rotor and stator winding configuration

Explanation of symbols

11 Rotor 12 Stator assembly 12a Stator assembly (inside)
12b Stator assembly (outside)
13 Magnet 14 Rotor surface 14a Inner side surface of rotor 14b Outer side surface of rotor 14c Inner side surface of rotor (partially hidden)
14d Rotor outer surface (partially hidden)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Winding 16 Center axis | shaft 17 Rotor center 18 Central opening part 19 End plate 20 Case 21 Bearing 22 Bearing accommodating part 31 Rotor / shuttle 32 Permanent magnet, stator / solenoid assembly 33 Stator / solenoid assembly, Solenoid / winding 34 solenoid / windings, the components of the magnet 35 guide rod, the force between the magnets 36 solenoid / winding 61 steel laminate 71 winding 81 the planetary gear unit F magnet and the stator / solenoid F _x, F _y force

Claims (24)

Motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal equipment,
(a) at least one movable body having a plurality of surfaces as seen in a sectional view and having a plurality of magnets or coils on each of the surfaces;
(b) a plurality of electrical conductor assemblies surrounding each of these movable bodies, each of these assemblies having a plurality of electrical conductors, and each electrical conductor of these assemblies has a single magnet. A plurality of electrical conductor assemblies having surfaces corresponding to the surfaces of the movable body parts, and the surfaces being arranged so as to be substantially the same surface; and
(c) (i) means for supplying electrical power to the electrical conductors of these electrical conductor assemblies and thereby interacting with the movable body to create a magnetic field that moves the movable body, or
(ii) means for mechanically moving this movable body having a plurality of magnets, thereby inducing current in the electrical conductors of these electrical conductor assemblies;
Having equipment. Motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal equipment,
(a) at least one rotor having a plurality of surfaces when viewed in cross-section and having a plurality of magnets on each of these surfaces;
(b) a plurality of stator assemblies surrounding each of these rotors, each of these assemblies having a plurality of windings, each stator of these assemblies having a rotor surface with a magnet; A plurality of stator assemblies having surfaces corresponding to each other and arranged so that these surfaces are substantially the same surface; and
(c) (i) means for supplying electric power to the windings of these stator assemblies, thereby interacting with the corresponding magnetic field lines of the rotor and creating a magnetic field that causes the rotor to rotate, or
(ii) means for rotating the rotor, thereby inducing current in the windings held by these stator assemblies;
Having equipment.   Focusing magnetic flux by utilizing permanent magnets built into the rotor or shuttle surface, and additionally by reducing the air gap between the stator and rotor and coupling the stator pair and magnetic material, Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it concentrates and thereby reduces the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, effectively increasing the magnetic flux density and the amount of force acting on the rotor.   Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the arrangement of permanent magnets is designed to increase the magnetic flux density.   The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the arrangement of permanent magnets is configured to surround 360 degrees on the same plane.   3. The magnetic flux generates an interacting magnetic field corresponding to a radial envelope over 360 [deg.] And an axial envelope over 360 [deg.]. Equipment described in.   The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sectional view of the movable body or the rotor has a geometric shape that increases the magnetic flux density.   Magnetic flux density by utilizing permanent magnets incorporated on the surface of the rotor or shuttle as well as by additionally reducing the gap between the stator and rotor and coupling the stator pair and magnetic material. These permanent magnets are configured to surround 360 degrees on the same plane to focus and concentrate the magnetic flux, thereby reducing the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, thereby reducing the magnetic flux density and the rotor. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it effectively increases the amount of force acting.   Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical conductor or winding is in the shape of a cone.   3. The electrical conductor or winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is arranged to increase the magnetic flux density so that the magnetic flux density is perpendicular to the rotor surface with magnets. machine.   The electrical conductor or winding generates an interacting magnetic field corresponding to a radial envelope over 360 degrees and an axial envelope over 360 degrees, Item 3. The device according to Item 1 or 2.   The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a linear motor having a linear movable shuttle as the movable body and a linear solenoid assembly as an electric conductor assembly.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as a pancake motor.   The device of claim 2, functioning as a single phase AC motor.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as a multiphase AC motor.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as a DC motor.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as an AC / DC motor universal device.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as a brushless servomotor.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as a stepping motor.   The device of claim 2, wherein the device functions as a switched reluctance (SR) motor.   The device of claim 2 that functions as a high speed / high acceleration motor.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as a motor / alternator / synchronous generator universal device.   The device of claim 2 that functions as an alternator / synchronous generator.   The device according to claim 2, which functions as a servo motor.

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