JP2005339898A - Plane heating element - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide various kinds of heating system utilizing flat heating element, aiming at improvement of heating efficiency (reduction of consumption power) and temperature unevenness of a surface. <P>SOLUTION: By combination of a flat heating member 3 and a plurality of flat electrodes 5, a whole of a heating part 2 is divided into three blocks 21, 22, 23, heating densities of both side blocks 21, 23 are set higher, and contrarily, that of the center block 22 is set lower, so as to heighten the heating density of the block 21 contacting a thermistor 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a floor heating system for houses such as detached houses and apartments, and a planar heating element used for heating other than houses such as agricultural and industrial uses.

  Conventional floor heating systems are roughly classified into two types, a hot water type and an electric type. In the hot water type, kerosene or gas is used as a heat source, and hot water heated by burning them is circulated through a pipe embedded in the floor in advance. The temperature of the pipe that warms the floor is constant near the temperature of the hot water, and this pipe is evenly arranged on the floor surface to make it difficult to understand the temperature unevenness. Also, the floor surface temperature is often managed by the temperature of the hot water or the temperature of the heating device. In the case of this hot water type, in order to make the floor surface temperature uniform, the heating element temperature is constant regardless of the place, and the target is to set it to a specific temperature.

  On the other hand, in the electric type, a planar heater is adopted, and this type of heater is a type in which electric wires meander to match the surface shape or a type in which thick linear heating elements are arranged in parallel. Things are known. In the former form, similarly to the hot water type, linear heaters having a constant temperature are evenly arranged on the floor so that temperature unevenness is difficult to understand. Also, the floor surface temperature is controlled by controlling the energization time of the heater, and has the function of connecting a thermistor directly to a linear heater, or selecting a representative floor location and disconnecting above the specified temperature. I often install thermo studs. In the case of this type as well, for the purpose of making the floor surface temperature uniform, the heating element temperature is constant regardless of the place, and the target is to set it to a specific temperature. This type of format is described in Patent Document 1, for example. On the other hand, in the latter type, a plurality of heating elements are formed and planar electrodes are arranged at both ends of the heating elements, in other words, a plurality of heating elements are sandwiched between the planar electrodes to form a ladder. Is known. In this type, since the heating element area is larger than the former type, the temperature unevenness of the floor surface can be considerably improved. The floor surface temperature is managed in the same manner as the former type. In the case of this type as well, for the purpose of making the floor surface temperature uniform, the target is to control the heating element temperature to be constant regardless of the location.

JP 2002-235927 A

  However, in a conventional electric floor heating system, a planar heating element having a uniform heat generation density is used, and the temperature is controlled by controlling the energization time, so that the floor surface is directly above the heating element and other locations. Then, a temperature difference (hereinafter referred to as temperature unevenness) occurs. This tendency becomes prominent when the floor surface material becomes thinner. If the heating element area or area ratio is simply increased in order to reduce this temperature variation, the amount of power consumption increases in proportion to this, and this is not a practical measure. On the other hand, if you try to reduce the power consumption by reducing the heat generation density (power consumption) of the heating element, the performance of the floor heating will be reduced or the energization time will be longer, although it will function as a floor heating. Therefore, the power consumption may increase on the contrary. On the other hand, the amount of power consumption increases because the detected temperature of the temperature detecting element itself is different from the sensation of the floor surface temperature and is easily affected by the air temperature. Even if there is a difference in the saturation time of the temperature, the floor surface temperature will have the same heating effect (floor surface temperature) even if there is a difference in the temperature saturation time. Often obtained. The detected temperature of the thermistor changes following the temperature change of the covering portion, and also depends on the balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the portion where the covering portion is in contact with the heating element and the amount of heat released to other portions. In addition, the covering portion (metal or the like) of the temperature detection element such as the thermistor has a large heat capacity. In other words, the transition of the detected temperature when the heat generation density of the heat generating part is low tends to increase with the sensory temperature, and if the heat generation density of the heat generating part is too low, the thermistor detection temperature does not exceed the set temperature when the temperature is low. There may be a case where it is equivalent to a continuous energization state. In this case, since proper temperature control cannot be performed by power supply ON / OFF, not only overheating or insufficient heating capacity occurs, but also the energization time becomes too long because the set temperature is not reached, resulting in a considerable increase in power consumption. It is thought that it will do.

  Further, in the planar heating element employed in the electric floor heating system, planar electrodes are provided in a straight line at both ends of the heating unit, so that there are a plurality of small obstacles in the area where the installation is to be performed. If it exists irregularly, it is impossible to lay a sheet heating element in the area itself, but the obstacle is smaller than the shape of the heating part and is regularly arranged at a certain interval. In that case, it is possible to lay the heating element avoiding the obstacle. However, in this case, even if a heat generating portion is provided between the obstacle and the planar electrode, the effect is weak. Even if the shape (width) of the heat generating portion is changed and a heat generating element close to the obstacle is installed, the heat generation amount must be reduced.

  The present invention solves such a conventional problem. In various heating systems using a planar heating element, the heating efficiency is improved (reduction of power consumption) and the temperature unevenness of the heating target surface is improved. An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent sheet heating element capable of achieving the above.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, a planar heating element of the present invention includes a heating unit in which a plurality of heating members are arranged in parallel with a predetermined interval between each other, and the heating unit. A plurality of planar electrodes for energizing the member, wherein the planar electrodes are disposed at both end portions and intermediate portions of each heat generating member, and the entire heat generating portion is formed by a plurality of blocks having different heat generation densities. The heat generation density different from the other blocks is set in some blocks. In this case, each heat generating member has a uniform electrical characteristic or structure, and the heat generating portion is divided unevenly by the planar electrode in the intermediate portion. Alternatively, the electrical characteristics or structure of each heat generating member may be changed for each block, and in that case, it may be divided equally by a planar electrode. Further, it is desirable that the area ratio of each block is set according to the difference in the heat generation density of each block of the heat generating portion, and the heat generation density for each block is made uniform. Further, it is desirable that the temperature detecting means of the heat generating part is installed in contact with a block having a high heat generation density. Furthermore, it is desirable that the heat generating member be formed in a surface shape.

  The planar heating element of the present invention has the above-described configuration, can take a large heat generating area, and can suppress an increase in power consumption, thereby improving heating efficiency (reducing power consumption) in various heating systems. In addition, it is possible to improve the temperature unevenness and the heating effect on the surface to be heated.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show the configuration of the planar heating element in the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a planar heating element 1 is connected to a heating unit 2 in which a plurality of planar heating members 3 are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals, and a power source 4, and energizes the heating unit 2. A plurality of planar electrodes 5 and an outer layer material 6 laminated between them are provided. Here, the heat generating portion 2 is composed of a heat generating member 3 mainly composed of carbon or the like, and the plurality of heat generating members 3 are strips with a constant width, thickness and interval on an insulating film sheet such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate). It is printed and formed into a shape. Then, four planar electrodes 5 are formed on the heat generating portion 2. In this case, a series of planar electrodes 51 (5) are provided on both sides of the heat generating portion 2, that is, on both ends of each heat generating member 3, and further in the middle (that is, on both surfaces on each heat generating member 3). A series of two planar electrodes 52 (5) are provided in parallel with these planar electrodes 51 between the planar electrodes 51), and the heat generating part 2 is formed by a plurality of blocks 21, 22, 23. The heat generation density is set. Here, since each heat generating member 3 is made of the same material and has a uniform width and thickness, the electrical characteristics or the structure is uniform, and the heat generating part 2 is partially unaffected by each intermediate planar electrode 52. Divided evenly. The intermediate planar electrode 52 sets the distance between the planar electrodes 5 for each of the blocks 21, 22, and 23 in the heat generating portion 2, and the heat generating members 3 have no difference in film pressure or resistivity. , 22 and 23, the amount of heat generated varies based on the physical law calculated from the electrical resistance proportional to the length of the heat generating member (distance between electrodes) and the amount of voltage drop at that portion. In this manner, a specific heat generation density is set for each of the blocks 21, 22, and 23 in the heat generation unit 2, and a specific heat generation unit temperature (attainment temperature) is provided for each of the blocks 21, 22, and 23. In this embodiment, the heat generating part 2 is divided into a large block 22 at the center and small blocks 21 and 23 on both sides compared to this, and the central block 22 of the heat generating part 2 is set to have a low heat generation density, Compared to this, the heat generation density of the blocks 21 and 23 on both sides is set high. In this way, when the distance between the electrodes 51 and 52 of the block 21 or 23 corresponding to the installation location of the temperature detection element such as the thermistor 7 is reduced, the amount of heat generated in the block 21 or 23 is greater than that of the other blocks 22. Increased arbitrarily. In this case, the difference in heat generation density between the blocks 21 and 23 having a relatively small distance between the electrodes 51 and 52 and the block 22 having a large distance between the electrodes 52 and 52 in the planar heating element 1 seems to be large. If there is, the width (area, laying rate) of each heat generating member 3 of the large block 22 may be increased to reduce the difference in heat generation density. Further, by dividing the heat generating portion 2 into the plurality of blocks 21, 22, and 23 in this way, the current flowing through the electrodes 51 and 52 can be reduced, so that the width (cross-sectional area) of the electrodes 51 and 52 can be reduced. Therefore, the low temperature part (temperature unevenness) which arises between the planar heating elements 1 laid in parallel becomes inconspicuous.

  The construction example of the floor heating system 11 using this planar heating element 1 is shown in FIG. That is, the thermistor (temperature detection means) 7 is installed on the floor base material 13 on the heat insulating material 12, the planar heating element 1 is laid, and the floor surface material 14 is laid thereon. In this case, the thermistor 7 is installed in contact with a block having a high heat generation density of the heat generating portion 2, that is, one block 21 on one side of the heat generating portion 2 and the floor base material 13. The thermistor 7 has a temperature detecting element covered with a metal protective tube. FIG. 5 illustrates how the heat around the thermistor 7 is transmitted, but the detected temperature varies depending on the balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the planar heating element 1 and the amount of heat released to the other.

  In the floor heating system 11, as described above, since the spacing between the planar electrodes 5 is not uniform, the heat generation density is high where the spacing between the planar electrodes 5 is narrow, and the amount of heat generation increases. Since the thermistor 7 is disposed at a place where the amount of heat generation is large, the detection temperature of the heat generating portion 2 rises quickly and the heat generating portion 2 quickly reaches the set temperature, so that the heat generating portion 2 can be controlled to an appropriate temperature. In addition, the energization time is short, and it is possible to avoid an abnormal increase in power consumption. Since the degree of airtightness varies depending on the building such as ordinary houses, condominiums, buildings, etc., the required heating efficiency is different. If uniformization is achieved, the detected temperature does not rise as much as the sensation, even if it functions as floor heating, due to the difference in the heat insulation structure under the floor, and a situation may occur in which an excessive amount of power is consumed. On the other hand, in this floor heating system 11, it is difficult to consume more electric power than necessary, and a uniform floor surface temperature is maintained.

  As described above, according to the sheet heating element 1, even if the sheet heating member 3 having a uniform heat generation density is used, the combination of the sheet heating member 3 and the plurality of sheet electrodes 5 generates heat. Divide the entire section 2 into three parts, increase the heat generation density of the blocks 21 and 23 on both sides, and lower the heat generation density of the central block 22 on the other hand, and set the heat generation amount for each block 21, 22 and 23 Since the heat generation density of the block 21 in contact with the thermistor 7 is increased, even if the area of the other block 22 is increased, the increase in power consumption can be suppressed by shortening the energization time. In the electric floor heating system 11 that uses the heating element 1 and performs temperature management by controlling the energization time, improvement in heating efficiency (reduction in power consumption), temperature unevenness on the floor surface, and improvement in the heating effect are achieved. be able to

  FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a sheet heating element according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Here, the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof is omitted. In this embodiment, the area ratio of each block 21, 22, 23 is changed according to the difference in the heat generation density of each block 21, 22, 23 of the heat generating unit 2, and the heat generated by each block 21, 22, 23 is different. The difference from the first embodiment is that the density is uniform. In this case, the vertical dimension of each heat generating member 3 of the central block 22 is set larger than that of the first embodiment, and the area ratio of the central block 22 is increased. As described above, the heat generation density is low and the heat generation amount is small in the block 22 in which the distance between the planar electrodes 52 and 52 is wide. If the distance between the planar electrodes 52 and 52 is too uneven, the temperature unevenness on the floor surface is increased. Therefore, in such a case, by increasing the area of each heat generating member 3 of the block 22 as much as the heat generation density is low, the heat density of each block 21, 22, 23 unit can be made close to uniform. Thus, the area ratio of each block 21, 22, 23 is set according to the difference in the heat generation density of each block 21, 22, 23 of the heat generating part 2, and the heat density of each block 21, 22, 23 is made uniform. By doing so, the average temperature for each block on the floor surface can be made closer to uniform.

  FIG. 6 shows a configuration of a sheet heating element according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, there are a plurality of small obstacles B in the area where the planar heating element is to be laid, and the obstacles B are smaller than the shape of the heat generating part 20 and are at regular intervals. The case where it arranges regularly is illustrated. In this case, the heat generating portion 20 is divided into five blocks 201 to 205 by two planar electrodes 51 on both sides and four planar electrodes 52 and 53 in the middle. Since both the sides 201 and 205 and the central block 203 correspond to the laying position away from the obstacle B, the distance between the planar electrodes 51 and 52 and the distance between the planar electrodes 53 and 53 are large. , 203 has a low heat density setting, and the area of each heat generating member 3 is increased accordingly. The blocks 202, 204 between the blocks 201, 205 on both sides and the central block 203 correspond to the laying positions around the obstacle B, and the distance between the planar electrodes 52, 53 is small. Each heat generating member 3 of 204 is set to have a high heat generation density, and accordingly, the area of each heat generating member 3 is formed to be small. In this way, the position away from the obstacle B is wide because the heat generation density of the heat generation part 20 is low, and the area around the obstacle B is set narrow because the heat generation density of the heat generation part 20 is high. The heat generation density is made uniform, and the average temperature for each block on the floor surface is made close to uniform.

  Thus, even if a plurality of small obstacles are irregularly present in the area where the planar heating element is to be laid, the shape of the heating part 20 and the planar electrodes 51, 52, By changing the arrangement of 53, the heat generation density of the heat generating unit 20 can be increased around the obstacle, and effective heat supply to the part can be realized. Note that, when the sheet heating element is laid in the conventional form without depending on the third embodiment, the sheet heating element is shown in FIG. It will be arranged in such a shape. In this case, the planar electrode 75 is disposed only on both sides of the heat generating portion 72, there is no planar electrode in the middle, and the heat generating portion 72 is not divided unevenly, which is different from the third embodiment. With such a shape of the heat generating portion 72 and the arrangement of the planar electrode 75, the amount of heat generated in the horizontal direction, that is, in the direction of the planar electrode 75 is small as viewed from the heating target in the figure, and an effect of improving temperature unevenness cannot be expected. . In addition, since the current density flowing through the heat generating portion 72 is uneven, not only relatively large temperature unevenness occurs in the portions having different vertical widths on the heat generating portion 72, but also temperature unevenness occurs particularly in a wide width region. It becomes easy.

  In each of the above embodiments, the electric characteristics or structure of each heat generating member 3 is made uniform, and the heat generating portions 2 and 20 are partly divided unevenly by the intermediate planar electrodes 52 and 53, respectively. The heat generation density is set for each of the blocks 201 to 205 separately for each of the blocks 21 to 23. However, the heat generating portions 2 and 20 may be divided unevenly, and different heat generation temperatures may be set for each block. On the contrary, the heat generating portions 2 and 20 are divided equally into a plurality of blocks 21 to 23 and 201 to 205 by the intermediate planar electrodes 52 and 53, and selectively for each of the blocks 21 to 23. By selectively changing the electrical characteristics or structure of each heat generating member 3 for each block 201-205, the heat generation temperature (attainment temperature) may be set for each block 201-205 for each block 21-23. Even this way It is possible to achieve the same effects as the serial first embodiment. In this case, similarly to the second embodiment, by changing the area ratio of each of the blocks 201 to 205 of each of the blocks 21 to 23, the average temperature for each block on the floor surface can be made closer to uniform. Further, as in the third embodiment, even if a plurality of small obstacles are irregularly present in the area where the planar heating element is to be installed, the size and arrangement of the obstacles are adjusted. By changing the shape of the heat generating parts 2 and 20 and the arrangement of the planar electrodes 51, 52 and 53, the heat generating density of the heat generating parts 2 and 20 can be increased and installed around the obstacle. An effective supply of heat to the part can be realized.

  Further, in each of the above-described embodiments (including the above modification), the heat generating portions 2 and 20 are formed of the heat generating member 3 mainly composed of carbon, but the heat generating portions 2 and 20 are formed of a linear heat generating member. It may be configured. In this case, the entire heat generating member can be formed in a planar shape by folding the linear heat generating member into a meandering shape. Then, by changing the meandering width for each block of the heat generating units 2 and 20, a specific heat generation density different for each block can be set in the heat generating units 2 and 20. Moreover, the whole can be formed in a planar shape by arranging the linear heating members in parallel. Then, by changing the interval of the heat generating member 3 for each block of the heat generating units 2 and 20, a specific heat density different for each block can be set in the heat generating units 2 and 20.

The top view which shows the structure of the planar heating element in the 1st Embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing which shows the structure of a coplanar heating element Sectional drawing which shows the construction example of a coplanar heating element The figure which shows the relationship between the detection temperature by the temperature detection element installed in the same surface heating element, and heat radiation and heat absorption The top view which shows the structure of the planar heating element in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The top view which shows the structure of the planar heating element in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. The top view which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the shape of the conventional heat generating part which does not depend on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention, and a planar electrode

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Planar heating element 2 Heat generating part 21, 22, 23 Block 3 Heat generating member 4 Power supply 5 Planar electrode 51 Planar electrode on both sides 52 Middle planar electrode 6 Outer layer material 7 Thermistor (temperature detection element)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Floor heating system 12 Heat insulating material 13 Floor base material 14 Floor surface material 20 Heat generating part 201, 202, 203, 204, 205 Block

Claims (6)

A heat generating part in which a plurality of heat generating members are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals,
A plurality of planar electrodes disposed in the heat generating portion and energizing the heat generating members;
The planar electrodes are disposed at both end portions and intermediate portions of each heat generating member, and the entire heat generating portion is formed by a plurality of blocks having different heat generation densities, and some blocks have a heat generation density different from other blocks. Is set, a sheet heating element.   2. The planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein each heating member has uniform electrical characteristics or structure, and the heating part is divided unevenly by a planar electrode in the middle part.   The planar heating element according to claim 1, wherein each heating member has an electrical characteristic or a structure that is changed for each block.   The planar heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an area ratio of each block is set in accordance with a difference in heat generation density of each block of the heat generating portion, and a heat generation density for each block is made uniform.   The planar heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature detecting means of the heating part is placed in contact with a block having a high heat generation density.   The planar heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heating member is formed in a planar shape.

Images