JP2005320851A - Spray nozzle mounting structure for multifunctional injection apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multifunctional injection apparatus capable of lengthening the life of its cutter and of quickly corresponding to various incidental works occurred in excavation such as removal of obstacles, subsoil improvement for water stopping or self-support of facing, and taking counter measures against the siltation of excavated sand gravel debris sediment. <P>SOLUTION: The multifunctional injection apparatus is equipped with plural spray nozzles 13, 13,... on the surface of an excavation head 2; an ultra high pressure water supply unit 14; a mud-making soil supply unit 15; and a subsoil hardening material supply unit 16 inside or outside of the multifunctional injection apparatus with the spray nozzles 13 as common injection holes. And the spray nozzle mounting structure is capable of switching as required the injected liquid from the spray nozzle 13 and of continuously rotating the spray nozzles along the rotation of the turning head in a predetermined circular orbit, or of changing theinjecting direction of the spray nozzles. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  In the excavator such as a shield excavator, a tunnel excavator such as a TBM, an excavator for foundation pile construction of a large structure, an underground excavator for an underground space, etc. Various problems that occur, specifically boulders and obstacles appearing forward, if you want to crush them, if you want to change the soil properties of the natural ground because you entered the gravel layer, The present invention relates to an injection nozzle mounting structure for a multi-function injection device that is suitably applied to an excavator that can comprehensively handle each case such as when water stoppage or improvement is required.

  Conventionally, in the case of tunnel construction using a sealed shield machine or the like, obstacles such as boulders, driftwood, concrete or sheet piles may appear on the front surface of the cutter head during excavation. In this case, if the digging is continued, the cutter head may be damaged, or an abnormality may occur in the earth and sand discharge device, etc. An operator enters the cutter chamber of the shield machine and removes the obstacle. In recent years, as shown in JP-A-63-1794, JP-A-3-55396, etc., an ultra-high pressure is applied to the cutter head surface in order to efficiently remove obstacles such as boulders, driftwood and concrete. Excavators with water jet nozzles have been proposed.

  On the other hand, in shield construction, the construction conditions are becoming increasingly severe, such as increasing the excavation distance and increasing the excavation depth. As the digging distance increases, the durability of the cutter bit is required, and various long-life bits are being developed. However, it is impossible to drill the entire excavation length without exchanging the bit. Bit exchanging work is required several times during excavation. In such bit replacement work, the ground is improved around the excavation route from the ground side for each planned replacement distance based on the amount of wear of the bit in advance, to stop water and solidify the ground, and the shield machine reaches this ground improvement site. Sometimes, the excavation work is temporarily stopped, and an operator enters the cutter chamber to replace the bit manually.

  On the other hand, as the excavation depth increases, the soil quality of the excavated ground changes to the gravel layer and the rock layer, so that it is possible to excavate such ground types in addition to cutter bits, roller bits such as disc cutters. More and more cases are adopting composite shield machines equipped with the. In such a case, the life of the bits is significantly shorter than that when excavating soft ground, and the bit must be frequently replaced. In addition, when the shield machine enters the gravel layer, mud soil material is injected from the center of the cutter head in order to impart imperviousness to the gravel excavated soil and to promote plastic fluidization.

  As described above, in tunnel excavation using an excavator, various problems occur during excavation, and these problems are specifically addressed from time to time. For example, when various obstacles appear in front of the excavation path, it is necessary to remove them efficiently, and when replacing the bit, the ground is improved to stop the water around the face and to stabilize itself. . Further, when entering the gravel layer, it is necessary to take measures such as injecting a mud material into the excavated gravel to impart imperviousness to the excavated soil and to plasticize the sediment. However, various incidental operations that occur during the excavation cause problems such as a great influence on the entire process, such as a decrease in excavation efficiency and an increase in the length of the excavation process.

  In addition, the ground improvement by the chemical injection etc. is performed by inserting an injection pipe from the ground side. However, if the ground is a river area or a building has already been constructed, the ground improvement work itself is difficult. There are some problems.

  On the other hand, as disclosed in JP-A-63-11794, JP-A-3-55396, and the like, although a method of cutting an obstacle by super-high pressure water jet is very effective, In the injection method shown in FIG. 1, ultrahigh pressure water is simply injected from an injection nozzle that is provided at a predetermined position or can move only within a restricted range, and it is difficult to finely pulverize an obstacle. Therefore, since the obstacle that has been cut as it is cannot be discharged by the earth and sand discharging device, it is necessary for an operator to enter the cutter chamber and to remove the cut obstacle by human power.

  In addition, even if mud shield machine or earth pressure shield machine is used to inject mud material into excavated gravel soil, in fact, the mud material is injected on the front side of the excavation head. Are rarely mixed uniformly, and after being taken into the cutter chamber, uniform mixing is achieved using a stirring blade such as an agitator. Therefore, problems such as extremely fast wear of the cutter and face plate occur due to the gravel having a large friction coefficient directly contacting the cutter head.

  On the other hand, in the tunnel excavation technique using the excavator, since the ratio of the cutter cost to the total drilling cost is large, the drilling cost increases inevitably as the number of cutter replacement increases. Therefore, there is a permanent problem such as extending the cutter life without lowering the excavation efficiency or improving the excavation efficiency.

  The present invention aims to improve the life of the cutter, and various incidental operations that occur during excavation, specifically, removal of obstacles, ground improvement for water stoppage and self-supporting of the face, and gravel excavation soil mud To provide a multi-function type injection device that can respond quickly and improve the drilling efficiency, and finely crush the obstacles that appear in front of the excavation course and It is another object of the present invention to provide an injection nozzle mounting structure for a multi-function type injection device that can be discharged in the same manner and that allows uniform mixing of the mud material and the face mound.

  The present invention makes it possible to selectively inject ultra-high pressure water, mud clay material or ground solidification material from an injection nozzle provided on the surface of the excavation head, and comprehensively and quickly solve various problems encountered during excavation. Can respond. Specifically, when boulders, obstacles, etc. appear in front of the planned excavation path, they can be destroyed by the injection of ultra-high pressure water. The excavated sediment can be mud by injection. Further, when it is necessary to stop water or to stand up the face of the face by exchanging cutters or the like, the ground solidification material can be sprayed directly in front of and above the excavation surface to consolidate the ground.

  Furthermore, by excavating the ultra-high pressure water and digging while forming grooves and cracks in the face of Mt. Due to the mud of the earth and sand, the load on the cutter is reduced, so that the life of the bits can be improved. As another incidental effect, wear can be reduced by the cooling effect of the jet water. As described above, the frequency of cutter replacement is reduced and cutter replacement can be performed efficiently, thereby reducing the construction cost and the construction period. In addition, since ground improvement is performed directly by injection of solidified material from the excavator, there are advantages such as being free from any restrictions on the ground occupation situation.

The present invention is a mounting structure for an injection nozzle of a multifunctional injection device attached to the excavation head surface of an excavator,
For the rotatable rotary head substantially embedded in the excavation head surface, the injection nozzle is provided at a position displaced from the rotational axis of the rotary head, and the injection is performed separately from the movement of the excavation head by rotation. The nozzle is continuously rotated along a predetermined circular locus by the rotation of the rotary head.

  Alternatively, with respect to the rotatable rotary head substantially embedded in the excavation head surface, the jet nozzle is provided in a state where the jet axis is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the rotary head, and the rotary head is rotated. The injection direction of the injection nozzle may be changed continuously.

  More preferably, with respect to the rotatable rotary head substantially embedded in the surface of the excavation head, the ejection axis is deviated from the rotational axis of the rotary head and the injection axis is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the rotary head. In addition to moving the excavation head by rotation, the injection nozzle is continuously rotated along a predetermined circular locus by rotation of the rotary head, and the injection direction of the injection nozzle is changed. It can also be changed continuously.

  In this case, it is desirable to prevent the injection nozzle from being clogged by making the injection nozzle an embedded spherical nozzle and rotating the spherical nozzle to close the injection port when the injection is stopped. Furthermore, in addition to the linear injection liquid flow path, a backwash flow path branched from the injection liquid flow path is formed in the spherical nozzle, and the backwash flow is separately formed from the wash water flow path separately formed when the injection is stopped. It is also possible to reverse the wash water in the flow path.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, since the position of the injection nozzle is continuously changed and / or the injection direction is continuously changed separately from the rotation of the excavation head, the boulders and obstacles ahead can be removed. It becomes possible to crush finely. Therefore, it is not necessary for the worker to enter the cutter chamber and remove the obstructions that have been cut, and it can be transported by fluid transportation, belt conveyor, etc., as in the case of ordinary excavation earth and sand, and the excavation efficiency is dramatically increased improves. In addition, when injecting the mud material, the mud material is injected into the excavated gravel soil while rotating the injection nozzle and / or continuously changing the injection direction. Sediment and mud material can be mixed uniformly, stable excavation and soil removal are realized, and cutter wear is also reduced.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a normal muddy water shield machine, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram when the present invention is applied to the muddy water shield, and FIG. 3 is a front view thereof.

  The muddy water type shield machine 1 is a shield machine which is applied to soft soil with small independence, sandy ground with a high groundwater level, and gravelly ground, and the stability of the face is achieved through a mud pipe 7 in the cutter chamber 5. The muddy water is supplied, and the muddy water pressure and the stable liquid action of the muddy water and the staking action of the cutter face plate are designed. A cutter head 2 (excavation head) is provided on the front surface of the machine body, and a natural ground is continuously crushed and excavated by a number of cutter bits 3 attached to the surface of the cutter head 2. The crushed excavated earth and sand are taken into the cutter chamber 5 and finely crushed by the agitator 4, and transported to a soil disposal facility (not shown) through the mud pipe 8. Reference numeral 6 denotes a cutter motor for rotating the cutter head 2, and reference numeral 10 denotes a shield jack for advancing the shield 1 with the segment 11 as a reaction force member. In addition, on the rear side of the shield 1, the segment 11 is installed by the sequential erector 9.

  In the present invention, a plurality of injection nozzle devices 13, 13... Constituting a multi-function injection device are provided on the front side of the cutter head 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the injection nozzle device 13 may be formed at a predetermined interval in the center in the width direction along the axis of the Y-shaped cutter spoke 23. It can also be provided for the two face plates. In addition, the spray nozzle device 13a disposed in the oblique direction on the peripheral edge of the cutter head 2 and the spray nozzle device 13b disposed in the tunnel radial direction are particularly solidified due to the self-support of the face of the face. Used only during material injection.

  On the other hand, the ultra-high pressure water supply unit 14, the mud-soil material supply unit 15 and the ground solidifying material supply with the injection nozzle devices 13, 13. A unit 16 is provided, and the various types of units 14 to 16 are connected to the injection nozzle devices 13, 13... For on / off control of the injection liquid injected from the injection nozzle devices 13, 13. Control valves 20 to 22 are provided in the middle of the respective supply paths leading to.

Hereinafter, the structure of the injection nozzle device 13 and the various units 14 to 16 will be described in more detail.
As the specific structure of the injection nozzle device 13, several structures are conceivable.

  First, in the first example shown in FIG. 4, apart from the movement by the rotation of the cutter head 2, the spray nozzle is continuously rotated along a predetermined small circle locus.

  In FIG. 4, the rotary head 24 that holds the injection nozzle 39 is mounted in a rotatable manner by being supported by bearings 25, 25 in a substantially embedded state in the cutter pork 23, and around the bottom side of the rotary head 24. A meshing tooth 29 is formed, meshed with a driving gear 31 of a separately provided hydraulic motor 30, and rotated by starting the hydraulic motor 30. The ejection nozzle 39 is arranged at a position deviated from the rotational axis O of the rotary head 24, so that it continuously rotates along a predetermined circular locus by the rotation of the rotary head 24.

  The injection liquid is supplied by forming an annular flow path 37 in the fixed side plate 2A of the cutter head 2 and supplying each of the injection liquids sent from the mud clay material / solidifying material supply pipe 35 or the ultrahigh pressure water supply pipe 34 to the annular shape. The structure is configured such that the spray liquid is fed to any position where the spray liquid flow path 24a formed in the rotary head 24 is rotated in the flow path 37. A concave groove is formed on both sides of the annular channel 37, and a water tightness is secured by fitting a packing 38 that contacts the back surface of the rotary head 24 into the concave groove.

  Next, in the second example shown in FIG. 5, the injection direction is continuously changed while the position of the injection nozzle is fixed. The description of the same reference numerals as those in the first example is omitted.

  In FIG. 5, a spherical nozzle 26 also serving as a valve is provided at the position of the rotational axis O of the rotary head 24. The bent outer tube 27 that is bent to a slight degree and extends to the back side continuously to the spherical nozzle 26, and The bent outer tube 27 is provided with a bent inner tube 28 for ultra-high pressure water that is concentrically disposed within the bent outer tube 27. The injection direction of the spherical nozzle 26 is inclined by an angle β with respect to the rotational axis O of the rotary head 24, and the directions of the distal ends of the bent outer tube 27 and the bent inner tube 28 are made to coincide with the injection direction. is there. The bent outer tube 27 and the bent inner tube 28 are sealed by a swivel joint 32 in a rotatable state. Therefore, when the rotary head 24 is rotated while spraying various spray liquids from the spherical nozzle 26, the direction of the spray ports 26a is continuously changed, so that the spray surface of the spray liquid can be conical.

  In addition, for the injection of each of the injection liquids, an ultra-high pressure water injection nozzle 28a is provided at the tip of the bent inner pipe 28, and the ultra high pressure water sent through the ultra high pressure water supply pipe 34 and the bent inner pipe 28 is the super high pressure water. It is injected from the high-pressure water injection nozzle 28a, passes through the spherical nozzle 26, and is injected forward. Further, the mud material or solidified material fed through the mud material / solidifying material supply pipe 35 flows through the annular gap space between the bent outer pipe 27 and the bent inner pipe 28 as a flow path, and is supplied from the spherical nozzle 26 to a predetermined value. Injected with pressure.

  Further, the third example shown in FIG. 6 is a combined type of the first example and the second example. In addition to the movement by the cutter head 2, the injection nozzle is continuously rotated along a predetermined small circular locus. And the injection direction is continuously changed.

  In FIG. 6, a spherical nozzle 26 serving as a valve is provided at a position displaced from the rotational axis O of the rotary head 24 by a distance h, and extends substantially to the back side continuously to the spherical nozzle 26. And a bent outer tube 41 for ultra-high pressure water disposed concentrically within the bent outer tube 41. The bent outer tube 41 and the bent inner tube 40 are sealed in a rotatable state by a swivel joint 32 as in the second example. Therefore, when the rotary head 24 is rotated while spraying various sprays, the spherical nozzle 26 continuously rotates along the predetermined circular locus line (L) as shown in FIG. The direction of the mouth 26a changes continuously.

  In the second and third examples, the spherical nozzle 26 is rotatable by a fluid rotational position control mechanism (not shown), and rotates the spherical nozzle 26 when the spray liquid is stopped, as shown in FIG. The nozzle is closed to prevent the nozzle opening from being clogged.

  Further, the spherical nozzle 26 is provided with a backwashing flow channel 26b branched from the jetting fluid channel 26a in addition to the linear jetting fluid channel 26a, while a washing water flow is formed inside the rotary head 24. A passage 24b is formed, and washing water is supplied from the washing water flow path 24b when the injection is stopped, and this is caused to flow back to the injection liquid flow path. The backwash water is supplied by forming an annular water supply groove 42 in the fixed side plate 2A of the cutter head 2 and supplying the wash water fed from the wash water pipe 36 to the wash water flow path 24b. In addition, a concave groove is formed on both sides straddling the annular water supply groove 42, and water leakage is prevented by fitting a packing 38 that contacts the back surface of the rotary head 24 into the concave groove.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, the ultra high pressure pump 17 for producing ultra high pressure water and feeding it to the injection nozzle device 13 includes a hydraulic unit 44, a water supply unit 45, and a booster ( The pressure booster 46 and the accumulator 43 are configured. The hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic unit 44 moves the piston in the booster 46 to the left and right, and the water in the water chamber is compressed into ultra-high pressure water. Further, the pressure of the super high pressure water is kept constant by interposing the accumulator 43 in the middle of the supply path.

  On the other hand, when the excavated soil is sand or gravel and the amount of fine particles is not sufficient, the mud material is added and mixed to make a good mud, and functionally supplements the fine particles of the excavated soil. Imperviousness and plastic fluidity are given to excavated soil. As the mud material, a material obtained by adding and mixing a material that imparts viscosity, such as bentonite, clay, or CMC, to water is usually used. Further, as the ground solidifying material, a water glass based solidified material, a cement based solidified material or the like is used.

  As the injection pump 18 for feeding the mud material and the injection pump 19 for feeding the ground solidification material, for example, a high-pressure pump such as a plunger pump is preferably used.

  When tunnel excavation is performed using a shield machine equipped with an injection nozzle mounting structure of the multifunctional injection device, when boulders or obstacles appear in front of the excavation course during excavation, it is shown in FIG. As described above, the super high pressure pump 17 is started, and the control valve 20 is opened, and ultra high pressure water is jetted from the jet nozzle devices 13, 13... On the front surface of the cutter head 2 to finely crush the boulders and obstacles. Note that the injection of ultra-high pressure water can be used to assist excavation even during normal excavation.

  Further, if it is necessary to inject mud material after entering the gravel layer, as shown in FIG. 11, the injection pump 18 is started and the control valve 21 is opened to inject the front of the cutter head 2. The mud material is sprayed from the nozzle devices 13, 13... To mix the earth and sand in front of the excavation head 2 with the mud material. The range S of plastic fluidization is controlled by adjusting the injection pressure of the mud material.

  If the amount of spring water is large, it is necessary to stop the water, or if the cutter of the cutter head 2 is worn and needs to be replaced, the injection pump 19 is started as shown in FIG. Then, the control valve 22 is opened, and the ground solidifying material is sprayed from the spray nozzle devices 13, 13... On the front surface of the cutter head 2 to solidify the front surface of the excavation head 2 and the surrounding ground. In addition, you may perform ground solidification in a horizontal shaft start part, an arrival part, a curve part, etc. In addition, after the ground solidifying material injection, the injection nozzle flow path may be cleaned so that the solidified material staying in the supply path does not solidify and block the flow path.

  By the way, in the above example, a combination of three units of the ultra-high pressure water supply unit 14, the mud clay material supply unit 15 and the ground solidification material supply unit 16 is used. However, two of these units may be installed in any combination. Good.

  The application to the muddy water shield machine has been described in detail, but the same applies to earth pressure shield machines, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine), foundation pile construction excavators, underground excavators for underground space, etc. Can do.

  For application to the TBM, the injection of ultra high pressure water is mainly used as a drilling aid. The TBM is an excavator for a mountain tunnel, and the cutter head 2 includes a rock cutting tool such as a disk cutter. Since the ground to be excavated is a rock, the possibility of the appearance of boulders and obstacles is low, and even these obstacles can be crushed, but the cutter load is large and the wear is large.

  Accordingly, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, a crack / cut groove 48 is artificially formed in advance in the rock by ultra high pressure water on the planned excavation line, and the cutting edge 47a of the disk cutter 47 is used as the crack / cut groove. By performing crushing while rolling on 48, the cutter load can be reduced and the cutter life can be improved.

In addition, since the ground for excavation of TBM is rock, there are few cases that require ground improvement of the ground and injection of mud material, but there is a soft layer or gravel layer in the middle of the bedrock layer. Therefore, in addition to the ultra-high pressure water supply unit according to the present invention, the ground solidification material supply unit and the mud clay material supply unit are installed, and the merit of enabling the optional injection is great.
[The invention's effect]

  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, in addition to the movement by the rotation of the excavation head, the injection nozzle itself is continuously rotated along a predetermined circular locus, or the injection direction is continuously changed. Therefore, the obstacles appearing in front of the excavation path can be finely crushed and discharged in the same manner as ordinary excavated sediment with a sediment discharge device or the like. Moreover, it becomes possible to uniformly mix the mud material injected in front of the excavation head and the excavation soil.

It is a schematic sectional drawing of a general muddy water type shield machine. It is a conceptual diagram at the time of applying this invention to the said muddy-type shield machine. It is the front view. It is a principal part expansion longitudinal cross-sectional view of the example of a 1st injection nozzle apparatus. It is a principal part expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view of the example of a 2nd injection nozzle apparatus. It is a principal part expansion longitudinal cross-sectional view of the example of a 3rd injection nozzle apparatus. It is the front view. It is a principal part expanded vertical sectional view of the injection nozzle apparatus at the time of injection stop. It is the schematic of an ultrahigh pressure pump. It is a conceptual diagram at the time of super-high pressure water injection during excavation. It is a conceptual diagram at the time of mud soil material injection during excavation. It is a conceptual diagram at the time of the ground solidification material injection during excavation. It is the schematic at the time of applying this invention with respect to TBM. It is the front view. It is a cutting state figure by the disk cutter of TBM.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Muddy water type shield machine, 2 ... Cutter head, 3 ... Cutter bit, 13 ... Injection nozzle device, 14 ... Super high pressure water supply unit, 15 ... Soil mud material supply unit, 16 ... Ground solidification material supply unit, 17 ... Super High pressure pump, 18/19 ... infusion pump, 20-22 ... control valve, 24 ... rotary head, 25 ... bearing, 26 ... spherical nozzle, 26a ... injection port, 26b ... backwash channel, 27/41 ... outside bent Pipe, 28.40 ... Bent inner pipe, 28a ... Ultra high pressure water injection nozzle, 32 ... Swivel joint, 37 ... Annular flow path, 39 ... Injection nozzle

Claims (5)

A mounting structure of an injection nozzle of a multi-function injection device attached to a drilling head surface of an excavator,
For the rotatable rotary head substantially embedded in the excavation head surface, the injection nozzle is provided at a position displaced from the rotational axis of the rotary head, and the injection is performed separately from the movement of the excavation head by rotation. An injection nozzle mounting structure for a multi-function injection apparatus, wherein the nozzle is continuously rotated along a predetermined circular locus by the rotation of the rotary head. A mounting structure of an injection nozzle of a multi-function injection device attached to a drilling head surface of an excavator,
The jet nozzle is provided in a state where the jet shaft is inclined with respect to the rotational axis direction of the rotary head with respect to the rotatable rotary head substantially embedded in the excavation head surface, and the rotary head rotates to rotate the rotary head. An injection nozzle mounting structure for a multi-function injection device, wherein the injection direction of the injection nozzle is continuously changed. A mounting structure of an injection nozzle of a multi-function injection device attached to a drilling head surface of an excavator,
With respect to the rotatable rotary head substantially embedded in the surface of the excavation head, the jetting is performed in a state where the jetting shaft is deviated from the rotary axis of the rotary head and the jet axis is inclined with respect to the rotary axis of the rotary head. In addition to the movement by rotation of the excavation head, a nozzle is provided, and the injection nozzle is continuously rotated along a predetermined circular locus by the rotation of the rotation head, and the injection direction of the injection nozzle is continuously changed. An attachment structure for an injection nozzle of a multi-function injection device, wherein   4. The clogging of the injection nozzle is prevented by making the injection nozzle an embedded spherical nozzle and rotating the spherical nozzle to close the injection port when the injection is stopped. 5. The mounting structure of the injection nozzle of the multifunctional injection device.   In addition to the linear injection liquid flow path in the spherical nozzle, a backwash flow path branched from the injection liquid flow path is formed, and the backwash flow path is formed from the separately formed wash water flow path when the injection is stopped. The mounting structure of the injection nozzle of the multi-function injection device according to claim 4, wherein the washing water is caused to flow backward.

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