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JP2005236360A - Electrode of piezoelectric vibrating piece and piezoelectric vibrator - Google Patents

Electrode of piezoelectric vibrating piece and piezoelectric vibrator Download PDF

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JP2005236360A
JP2005236360A JP2004039550A JP2004039550A JP2005236360A JP 2005236360 A JP2005236360 A JP 2005236360A JP 2004039550 A JP2004039550 A JP 2004039550A JP 2004039550 A JP2004039550 A JP 2004039550A JP 2005236360 A JP2005236360 A JP 2005236360A
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electrode
piezoelectric
vibrating piece
piezoelectric vibrating
piezoelectric vibrator
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Tetsuaki Nagata
哲章 永田
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Abstract

【課題】 本発明では、圧電基板への密着性が良好であり、耐食性等の環境特性に優れた電極、および前記電極を採用した圧電振動片を実装した圧電振動子を提供することを目的とする。
【解決手段】 上記目的を達成するために、本発明では、圧電基板の表面に、銀(Ag)を主成分としてモリブデン(Mo)を添加した2元素系合金(Ag−Mo)を電極材料として電極を形成する。また、上記銀を主成分としてモリブデンを添加した2元素系合金を電極材料として採用した圧電振動片をパッケージ内部へ実装した圧電振動子とする。
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrode having good adhesion to a piezoelectric substrate and excellent environmental characteristics such as corrosion resistance, and a piezoelectric vibrator mounting a piezoelectric vibrating piece employing the electrode. To do.
In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a two-element alloy (Ag-Mo) in which silver (Ag) is a main component and molybdenum (Mo) is added to the surface of a piezoelectric substrate is used as an electrode material. An electrode is formed. In addition, a piezoelectric vibrator in which a piezoelectric vibrating piece that employs a two-element alloy containing silver as a main component and molybdenum added as an electrode material is mounted inside the package.

Description

本発明は、圧電振動片の電極及び圧電振動子に係り、特に圧電基板に1層構造の電極を採用する場合に好適な圧電振動片の電極及び圧電振動子に関する。   The present invention relates to an electrode of a piezoelectric vibrating piece and a piezoelectric vibrator, and more particularly, to an electrode and a piezoelectric vibrator of a piezoelectric vibrating piece suitable when a single-layer electrode is adopted for a piezoelectric substrate.

図4(A)、(B)に示すように、従来、圧電振動片1に形成される電極(電極膜)は、ニッケル(Ni)若しくはクロム(Cr)からなる下地層4に対し、銀(Ag)若しくは金(Au)からなる電極層(表面層)3を成膜するという2層構造によって形成されていた。これは、水晶等の圧電基板2に対するAg、Auの密着性が悪いという問題からであり、AgやAuを圧電基板2に直接成膜した場合、製造段階あるいは完成後に電極が剥離してしまうという場合がある。   As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, conventionally, an electrode (electrode film) formed on the piezoelectric vibrating piece 1 is silver (Ni) (Ni) or chromium (Cr) with respect to the underlayer 4. The electrode layer (surface layer) 3 made of Ag) or gold (Au) was formed in a two-layer structure. This is due to the problem that the adhesion of Ag and Au to the piezoelectric substrate 2 such as quartz is poor, and when Ag or Au is formed directly on the piezoelectric substrate 2, the electrodes are peeled off at the manufacturing stage or after completion. There is a case.

また、上記のように、2層構造、あるいはそれ以上の積層構造から成る圧電基板2の電極は、圧電振動子等の製造段階において高温に晒された場合、下地層4であるNiやCrが表面層3に析出(拡散)し、特性劣化を起こす場合がある。また、表面層にAgを成膜した場合、高温に晒された時にAgの粒成長を誘発し、表面層のAgが粒状化する現象が起き、特性劣化を起こす場合があり、エージング特性に不利であるという問題がある。図5に電極が2層構造から成る圧電振動子のエージング特性を示す。   Further, as described above, when the electrode of the piezoelectric substrate 2 having a two-layer structure or a laminated structure of more than one is exposed to high temperature in the manufacturing stage of a piezoelectric vibrator or the like, the underlying layer 4 Ni or Cr is not formed. It may be deposited (diffused) on the surface layer 3 to cause characteristic deterioration. In addition, when Ag is formed on the surface layer, the grain growth of Ag is induced when exposed to high temperatures, causing a phenomenon in which Ag in the surface layer is granulated, which may cause deterioration of characteristics, which is disadvantageous for aging characteristics. There is a problem that. FIG. 5 shows the aging characteristics of a piezoelectric vibrator having an electrode having a two-layer structure.

このような構造の圧電振動片の電極に対し、特許文献1には次のような圧電振動片の電極を採用した圧電振動子が提案されている。特許文献1に提案されている圧電振動片は、銀を主成分としてパラジウムと銅を添加した合金(Ag−Pd−Cu)あるいは銀を主成分としてパラジウムとチタンを添加した合金(Ag−Pd−Ti)を電極の材料として採用し、蒸着法あるいはスパッタ法によって前記圧電基板に1層構造の電極膜を形成するというものである。   In contrast to the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece having such a structure, Patent Document 1 proposes a piezoelectric vibrator that employs the following electrode of a piezoelectric vibrating piece. The piezoelectric vibrating piece proposed in Patent Document 1 is an alloy (Ag—Pd—Cu) containing silver as a main component and adding palladium and copper, or an alloy (Ag—Pd—) containing silver as a main component and adding palladium and titanium. Ti) is used as an electrode material, and an electrode film having a single layer structure is formed on the piezoelectric substrate by vapor deposition or sputtering.

特許文献1に提案された圧電振動片の電極によれば、水晶基板等に対する密着強度が強く、従来の2層構造の電極に比べ、エージング特性が優れており、製造工程も少なくなるという特徴がある。
特開2001−44785号公報
According to the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece proposed in Patent Document 1, the adhesion strength to a quartz substrate or the like is strong, and the aging characteristic is superior to the conventional two-layer structure electrode, and the manufacturing process is reduced. is there.
JP 2001-44785 A

上記のように、特許文献1に提案されている圧電振動子に使用されている圧電振動片の電極は、その特徴からすれば従来の電極よりも優れているといえる。しかし、特許文献1に記載の電極材料には、主成分および添加物の一部に貴金属を使用しており、電極材料自体が高価なものになってしまうという問題がある。また、近年では、添加物の一つであるパラジウム(Pd)の価格高騰等があり、Pdの定値安定供給の不安から、Pdの割合を減らしたり、Pdを含有しない低抵抗値の金属を電極材料として採用する研究が進められている。しかし、低抵抗金属は、高価な貴金属以外では、銅やニッケル、アルミニウムといった酸化しやすい金属がほとんどである他、水晶基板等への密着性の問題もある。   As described above, it can be said that the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece used in the piezoelectric vibrator proposed in Patent Document 1 is superior to the conventional electrode in terms of its characteristics. However, the electrode material described in Patent Document 1 uses a noble metal as a main component and part of an additive, and there is a problem that the electrode material itself becomes expensive. In recent years, the price of palladium (Pd), which is one of the additives, has risen. Due to concerns about the stable supply of Pd at a constant value, the ratio of Pd is reduced, or a metal with low resistance not containing Pd is used as an electrode. Research to adopt as a material is underway. However, low-resistance metals are not easily expensive noble metals, but are mostly oxidizable metals such as copper, nickel, and aluminum, and also have a problem of adhesion to a quartz substrate or the like.

本発明では、比較的安価に、かつ安定した価格で取引することが可能な物質から構成される材料により、圧電基板への密着性が良好であり、耐食性等の環境特性に優れた電極、および前記電極を採用した圧電振動片を実装した圧電振動子を提供することを目的とする。   In the present invention, an electrode having good adhesion to a piezoelectric substrate and excellent environmental characteristics such as corrosion resistance, and the like, by a material composed of a substance that can be traded at a relatively low price and at a stable price, and An object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric vibrator on which a piezoelectric vibrating piece employing the electrode is mounted.

上記目的を達成するために本発明に係る圧電振動片の電極は、圧電振動片を構成する圧電基板の表面に形成される電極であって、銀を主成分としてモリブデンを添加した合金を電極材料とすることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece according to the present invention is an electrode formed on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate constituting the piezoelectric vibrating piece, and is made of an alloy containing silver as a main component and added with molybdenum. It is characterized by.

上記銀を主成分としてモリブデンを添加した合金を電極材料とすることにより、安定して、比較的安価に入手することができる金属から成る圧電振動片の電極とすることができる。また、電極を水晶等の圧電基板に対して、1層構造で形成した場合であっても、良好な密着性を得られる。また、耐食性(耐酸化性)の他、電気伝導性、耐熱性等も良好である。よって、性能・コストパフォーマンスに優れた圧電振動片の電極を提供することができる。   By using the above-mentioned alloy containing silver as a main component and molybdenum added as an electrode material, an electrode of a piezoelectric vibrating piece made of a metal that can be obtained stably and relatively inexpensively can be obtained. Further, even when the electrode is formed with a single layer structure on a piezoelectric substrate such as quartz, good adhesion can be obtained. In addition to corrosion resistance (oxidation resistance), electrical conductivity, heat resistance, and the like are also good. Therefore, it is possible to provide an electrode of a piezoelectric vibrating piece excellent in performance and cost performance.

また、上記目的を達成するための、本発明に係る圧電振動子は、圧電基板の表面に電極を形成してなる圧電振動片を実装する圧電振動子であって、前記圧電基板の表面に形成される電極は銀を主成分としてモリブデンを添加した合金から成ることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, a piezoelectric vibrator according to the present invention is a piezoelectric vibrator that mounts a piezoelectric vibrating piece formed by forming electrodes on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate, and is formed on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate. The electrode is made of an alloy containing silver as a main component and molybdenum added.

上記のような電極が形成された圧電振動片を実装する圧電振動子は、上記圧電振動片の電極と同様に、性能・コストパフォーマンスに優れた圧電振動子とすることができる。また、圧電振動子を上記構成とすることにより、エージング特性を向上させることができる。   The piezoelectric vibrator mounting the piezoelectric vibrating piece on which the electrode as described above is mounted can be a piezoelectric vibrator having excellent performance and cost performance, similar to the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece. In addition, aging characteristics can be improved by employing the above-described configuration of the piezoelectric vibrator.

以下、本発明の圧電振動片の電極および圧電振動子に係る実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。なお、以下に示す実施の形態は、本発明に係る一部の実施形態であって、本発明は、以下に示す実施形態のみに限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, embodiments of an electrode and a piezoelectric vibrator of a piezoelectric vibrating piece according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are some embodiments according to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to only the embodiments described below.

図1は本発明に係る圧電振動子の構造を示す斜視図であり、図2(A)は本発明に係る圧電振動片の電極を採用した圧電振動片19の平面構造を示す図であり、図2(B)は同圧電振動片19のA−A断面の構造を示す図である。   FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structure of a piezoelectric vibrator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a planar structure of a piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 employing an electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece according to the present invention. FIG. 2B is a view showing the structure of the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 taken along the line AA.

本発明の実施形態に係る圧電振動子10の基本的構成は、箱状体であるベース14と、前記ベース14の蓋部となるリッド12とから形成されるパッケージと、前記パッケージを形成するベース14の凹部に実装される圧電振動片19とから成る。   The basic configuration of the piezoelectric vibrator 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base 14 that is a box-like body, a package that includes a lid 12 that serves as a lid of the base 14, and a base that forms the package. The piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 is mounted on the 14 concave portions.

図2(A)に平面構成を示す前記圧電振動片19は、図2(B)にその断面構成を示すように、圧電基板18の両主面の対向する位置に電極16を備え、かつ電極16は1層構造としている。また、前記圧電振動片19は、前記両主面に形成した電極16から、圧電基板18の端部へ向けてリード電極17を延設し、前記圧電基板18の端部の位置に形成される電極を実装部としている。なお、本実施形態においては、前記リード電極17は前記圧電基板18を挟んで点対称な形状に形成することとする。つまり、前記圧電基板18の表裏面で一対のリード電極17を形成するのである。
前記圧電振動片19に形成された電極16およびリード電極17の構成材料は、銀(Ag)を主成分としてモリブデン(Mo)を添加した2元素系合金である。
The piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 having a planar configuration shown in FIG. 2 (A) includes electrodes 16 at opposite positions of both main surfaces of the piezoelectric substrate 18 as shown in FIG. 2 (B). 16 has a single-layer structure. The piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 is formed at the position of the end portion of the piezoelectric substrate 18 by extending a lead electrode 17 from the electrodes 16 formed on both main surfaces toward the end portion of the piezoelectric substrate 18. The electrode is used as the mounting part. In the present embodiment, the lead electrode 17 is formed in a point-symmetric shape with the piezoelectric substrate 18 in between. That is, a pair of lead electrodes 17 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the piezoelectric substrate 18.
The constituent material of the electrode 16 and the lead electrode 17 formed on the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 is a two-element alloy in which silver (Ag) is a main component and molybdenum (Mo) is added.

電極16の構成材料である上記2元素系合金(Ag−Mo)は、銀の良性(電気伝導性等)を残しつつ、耐食性、耐酸素プラズマアッシング性、UV/O3耐性、エッチング容易性等を改善した金属である。また、前記2元素系合金は、主成分には貴金属の中でも比較的安価に入手が可能な銀を、添加成分には貴金属を使用していないため、構成材料を安定的に安価に入手することができる。このため、前記2元素系合金自体も安価で作成することができる。 The two-element alloy (Ag—Mo), which is a constituent material of the electrode 16, retains the goodness of silver (electrical conductivity, etc.) while maintaining corrosion resistance, oxygen plasma ashing resistance, UV / O 3 resistance, etching ease, etc. Is an improved metal. In addition, since the two-element alloy does not use silver as a main component, which is available at a relatively low cost among precious metals, and does not use a precious metal as an additive component, the constituent materials should be obtained stably and inexpensively. Can do. Therefore, the two-element alloy itself can be produced at a low cost.

また、前記2元素系合金は、前記圧電基板18に電極として成膜する場合、抵抗加熱方式、あるいは電子ビーム方式等による蒸着や、スパッタ方式によって行うようにすると良い。また、前記2元素系合金は、水晶等の圧電基板18に対する密着性が良く、前記圧電基板18の表面に電極を形成する場合に、下地層を形成しなくとも、圧電基板18に対する良好な密着性を確保することができる。このため、電極を形成する成膜プロセスを従来の下地層+電極層といった2段階の工程から、電極層1層のみという1段階の工程へと簡略化することが可能となる。これにより、生産効率の向上および生産コストの削減を図ることができる。また、前記2元素系合金は、耐熱温度が高く、後述する圧電振動子10の製造段階において400℃近い高温に晒された場合であっても、融解・粒状化といった現象を起こす事が無い。このため、特性劣化によるエージング特性への悪影響が無い。   Further, when the two-element alloy is formed as an electrode on the piezoelectric substrate 18, it is preferable that the two-element alloy is deposited by a resistance heating method, an electron beam method, or the like, or a sputtering method. In addition, the two-element alloy has good adhesion to the piezoelectric substrate 18 such as quartz, and when the electrodes are formed on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate 18, good adhesion to the piezoelectric substrate 18 can be achieved without forming a base layer. Sex can be secured. For this reason, it is possible to simplify the film forming process for forming the electrode from the conventional two-step process of the underlayer + electrode layer to the single-step process of only one electrode layer. Thereby, improvement of production efficiency and reduction of production cost can be aimed at. Further, the two-element alloy has a high heat resistance temperature, and does not cause a phenomenon such as melting or granulation even when it is exposed to a high temperature close to 400 ° C. in the manufacturing stage of the piezoelectric vibrator 10 described later. For this reason, there is no adverse effect on the aging characteristics due to the characteristic deterioration.

上記構成の圧電振動片19を実装する前記ベース14は、図示しないが一般的には、セラミック等の耐熱製絶縁素材の基板を積層・焼結することにより、箱状体として形成される。また、前記ベース14の凹部には、図示しない外部電極と電気的に接続された内部実装電極が設けられており、当該内部実装電極に対して、前記圧電振動片19を実装するように構成されている。なお、圧電振動片19の実装は導電性接着剤20等を介して成される。   Although not shown, the base 14 on which the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 having the above structure is mounted is generally formed as a box-like body by laminating and sintering a substrate made of a heat-resistant insulating material such as ceramic. The recess of the base 14 is provided with an internal mounting electrode that is electrically connected to an external electrode (not shown), and is configured to mount the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 on the internal mounting electrode. ing. The piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 is mounted via a conductive adhesive 20 or the like.

前記リッド12は、前記ベース14と同素材若しくは、ガラス、あるいはメッキを施した金属等によって形成されることが一般的である。当該リッド12は、前記ベース14に前記圧電振動片19を実装し、前記圧電振動片19の周波数調整を行った後に、前記凹部(実装空間)を気密に封止する。前記封止は、窒素(N2)領域中若しくは、真空領域中で行うことが望ましい。パッケージの封止方法は、低融点ガラスをシール材(ロウ材)として使用するものや、コバール等にニッケル等を電解あるいは無電解メッキした金属蓋をシーム溶接やビーム溶接で接合するようにすれば良い。このような封止工程では、パッケージ温度が400℃近くになる場合があり、従来のように2層構造の電極を有する圧電振動片では、電極の下地金属が表面層上に析出、拡散といった現象が起きる場合があった。 The lid 12 is generally formed of the same material as the base 14, glass, plated metal, or the like. The lid 12 mounts the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 on the base 14, and after adjusting the frequency of the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19, hermetically seals the recess (mounting space). The sealing is preferably performed in a nitrogen (N 2 ) region or a vacuum region. The package can be sealed by using low-melting glass as a sealing material (brazing material) or by joining a metal lid made of nickel or the like electrolyzed or electroless-plated to kovar or the like by seam welding or beam welding. good. In such a sealing process, the package temperature may be close to 400 ° C., and in a piezoelectric vibrating piece having a two-layer electrode as in the prior art, a phenomenon in which the base metal of the electrode is deposited and diffused on the surface layer Sometimes happened.

上記のような構成の圧電振動片19を有する圧電振動子10とすることにより、圧電振動片19に備えられた電極が酸化し難く、高温に晒された場合でも共振周波数の変化が極めて小さい。よって、エージング特性に優れた圧電振動子10を提供することができる。   By using the piezoelectric vibrator 10 having the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 having the above-described configuration, the electrodes provided in the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 are difficult to oxidize, and the change in the resonance frequency is extremely small even when exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, the piezoelectric vibrator 10 having excellent aging characteristics can be provided.

図3に本発明の圧電振動片の電極を採用した圧電振動片19を実装した圧電振動子10のエージング特性を示す。これによれば、図5に示す従来の圧電振動子に比べ、時間経過後の周波数にバラツキが少なく、エージング特性が優れているということが解る。   FIG. 3 shows the aging characteristics of the piezoelectric vibrator 10 on which the piezoelectric vibrating piece 19 employing the piezoelectric vibrating piece electrode of the present invention is mounted. According to this, it can be seen that, compared with the conventional piezoelectric vibrator shown in FIG. 5, there is less variation in the frequency after the passage of time and the aging characteristics are excellent.

上記実施形態では、ATカット圧電振動片を例に挙げて説明したが、音叉型圧電振動片等の他の圧電振動片に対しても本発明の圧電振動片の電極は適応できる。また、当然にそれらの圧電振動片を実装した圧電振動子も本発明に含まれる。   In the above embodiment, the AT-cut piezoelectric vibrating piece is described as an example, but the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece of the present invention can be applied to other piezoelectric vibrating pieces such as a tuning fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece. Naturally, a piezoelectric vibrator in which those piezoelectric vibrating pieces are mounted is also included in the present invention.

本発明に係る圧電振動子の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the piezoelectric vibrator which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る圧電振動片の電極の構成を示す図であり、(A)は平面図(B)はA−A断面を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrating piece which concerns on this invention, (A) is a top view (B) is a figure which shows an AA cross section. 本発明に係る圧電振動子のエージング特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the aging characteristic of the piezoelectric vibrator which concerns on this invention. 従来の圧電振動片の電極の構成を示す図であり、(A)は平面図(B)はA−A断面を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the electrode of the conventional piezoelectric vibrating piece, (A) is a top view (B) is a figure which shows an AA cross section. 従来の圧電振動子のエージング特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the aging characteristic of the conventional piezoelectric vibrator.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10………圧電振動子、12………リッド、14………ベース、16………電極、17………リード電極、18………圧電基板、19………圧電振動片、20………導電性接着剤。

10 ......... Piezoelectric vibrator, 12 ......... Lid, 14 ......... Base, 16 ......... Electrode, 17 ......... Lead electrode, 18 ......... Piezoelectric substrate, 19 ......... Piezoelectric vibrating piece, 20 ... ... Conductive adhesive.

Claims (2)

圧電振動片を構成する圧電基板の表面に形成される電極であって、銀を主成分としてモリブデンを添加した合金を電極材料とすることを特徴とする圧電振動片の電極。   An electrode formed on a surface of a piezoelectric substrate constituting a piezoelectric vibrating piece, wherein an electrode material is an alloy containing silver as a main component and molybdenum added thereto. 圧電基板の表面に電極を形成してなる圧電振動片を実装する圧電振動子であって、前記圧電基板の表面に形成される電極は銀を主成分としてモリブデンを添加した合金から成ることを特徴とする圧電振動子。

A piezoelectric vibrator mounting a piezoelectric vibrating piece formed by forming an electrode on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate, wherein the electrode formed on the surface of the piezoelectric substrate is made of an alloy containing silver as a main component and molybdenum added. Piezoelectric vibrator.

JP2004039550A 2004-02-17 2004-02-17 Electrode of piezoelectric vibrating piece and piezoelectric vibrator Withdrawn JP2005236360A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007109754A (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Sony Corp Multilayer piezoelectric element
US9065418B2 (en) 2009-12-25 2015-06-23 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co. Ltd. Resonator electrode material excellent in aging property, piezoelectric resonator using the same material, and sputtering target made of the same material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007109754A (en) * 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Sony Corp Multilayer piezoelectric element
US9065418B2 (en) 2009-12-25 2015-06-23 Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co. Ltd. Resonator electrode material excellent in aging property, piezoelectric resonator using the same material, and sputtering target made of the same material

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