JP2005289759A - Method and apparatus for stretching glass body - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for stretching glass body Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005289759A JP2005289759A JP2004109372A JP2004109372A JP2005289759A JP 2005289759 A JP2005289759 A JP 2005289759A JP 2004109372 A JP2004109372 A JP 2004109372A JP 2004109372 A JP2004109372 A JP 2004109372A JP 2005289759 A JP2005289759 A JP 2005289759A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01225—Means for changing or stabilising the shape, e.g. diameter, of tubes or rods in general, e.g. collapsing
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Abstract
【課題】延伸ガラス体の外径変動を低減する。
【解決手段】加熱炉５にガラス体の母材１Ａを挿入して加熱軟化させ、外径を制御しつつ延伸するガラス体の延伸方法において、前記ガラス体の母材１Ａが加熱炉５内で延伸・縮径されている延伸変形部（ネック部１Ｃ）もしくはその近傍の外径値ＤPVを測定する。そして、外径測定値の二乗値ＤPV 2の目標値Ｄ2 SPとの差分ｅ（＝Ｄ2 SP−ＤPV 2）に基づいてガラス体の延伸速度を調整するか、または、外径測定値とガラス外径の目標値との差分値ｅ（＝ＤSP−ＤPV）の２次関数値Ｅ＝−ｅ2/２ＤSP＋ｅに基づいてガラス体の延伸速度を調整する。
【選択図】図１
An object of the present invention is to reduce fluctuations in the outer diameter of a stretched glass body.
In a glass body stretching method in which a glass body base material is inserted into a heating furnace and softened by heating and the outer diameter is controlled, the glass body base material is placed in the heating furnace. stretching deformation portion which is stretched and reduced in diameter (neck 1C) or measuring the outer diameter value D PV of the vicinity thereof. Then, the stretching speed of the glass body is adjusted based on the difference e (= D 2 SP −D PV 2 ) with respect to the target value D 2 SP of the square value D PV 2 of the outer diameter measurement value, or the outer diameter measurement. The stretching speed of the glass body is adjusted based on the quadratic function value E = −e 2 / 2D SP + e of the difference value e (= D SP −D PV ) between the value and the target value of the glass outer diameter.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、ガラス体の延伸方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a glass body stretching method and apparatus.
ガラス体の延伸方法として、ガラス体を加熱軟化させ、ガラス体の両端間の間隔を広げながら、ガラス体の両端を各々加熱炉に対して相対的に移動させることにより、ガラス体を延伸する方法が知られている。 As a glass body stretching method, the glass body is heated and softened, and the glass body is stretched by moving the both ends of the glass body relative to the heating furnace while widening the distance between both ends of the glass body. It has been known.
従来、その一つの方法として、ガラス体を加熱軟化させて延伸する際に、ガラス粘性変形部途中の外径を測定し、その外径測定値により延伸速度（引き延ばし速度）を調整して、所定外径のガラス体を得る方法が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, as one method, when a glass body is heated and softened and stretched, the outer diameter in the middle of the glass viscous deformation portion is measured, and the stretching speed (stretching speed) is adjusted according to the measured outer diameter to obtain a predetermined value. A method for obtaining a glass body having an outer diameter is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
また、別の方法として、ガラスインゴットを加熱溶融して延伸する際に、ガラスインゴットが加熱炉で延伸縮径されている箇所と、概ね延伸が終了した箇所のそれぞれに第１、第２の外径測定器を設置し、第２の外径測定器の測定値に基づき第１の外径測定器の設定値（目標値）を変更しつつ、その第１の外径測定器の設定値に第１の外径測定器の測定値が合うように、延伸速度を調整する方法が知られている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。 As another method, when the glass ingot is heated and melted and stretched, the glass ingot is stretched in a heating furnace at a portion where the diameter of the glass ingot is expanded and contracted and a portion where the stretching is almost finished, respectively. A diameter measuring device is installed, and the setting value (target value) of the first outer diameter measuring device is changed based on the measured value of the second outer diameter measuring device, while the setting value of the first outer diameter measuring device is changed. A method is known in which the stretching speed is adjusted so that the measured value of the first outer diameter measuring device matches (for example, see Patent Document 2).
しかし、上述した従来のガラス体の延伸方法はいずれも、外径測定値をそのまま制御変数とし、それに基づいて延伸速度を調整し外径制御を行うので、延伸ガラス体の外径変動幅が十分には低減されず、また、延伸ガラス体の平均外径（中心値）と目標外径の間に若干のズレが残存することが散見された。 However, any of the above-described conventional glass body stretching methods uses the measured outer diameter as a control variable as it is, adjusts the stretching speed based on the control variable, and controls the outer diameter. However, it was found that some deviation remained between the average outer diameter (center value) of the stretched glass body and the target outer diameter.
本発明は、上記事情を考慮し、延伸ガラス体の外径変動を低減すること、及び、延伸ガラス体の平均外径と目標外径の間のズレを減少して中心値に対する対称性を確保することができ、高精度の外径制御が可能なガラス体の延伸方法及び装置を提供することを目的とする。 In consideration of the above circumstances, the present invention reduces the variation in the outer diameter of the stretched glass body, and reduces the deviation between the average outer diameter and the target outer diameter of the stretched glass body to ensure symmetry with respect to the center value. It is an object of the present invention to provide a glass body stretching method and apparatus that can perform outer diameter control with high accuracy.
本発明は、以下の構成により達成される。
（１） ガラス母材を加熱軟化させ、延伸してガラス体を得るガラス体の延伸方法であって、
前記ガラス母材が加熱炉内で延伸縮径されている延伸変形部の外径測定値を測定し、前記外径測定値の二乗値を算出し、前記外径測定値の二乗値に基づいて延伸速度を調整することを特徴とするガラス体の延伸方法。
（２） ガラス外径の二乗値の目標値と前記外径測定値の二乗値との差分に基づいて延伸速度を調整することを特徴とする請求項１記載のガラス体の延伸方法。
（３） 前記外径測定値とガラス外径の目標値との差分値を求め、前記差分値を変数とする２次関数の値に基づいて延伸速度を調整することを特徴とする請求項１記載のガラス体の延伸方法。
（４） 前記２次関数を−ｅ2/２ＤSP＋ｅ（ここで、ｅ：差分値，ＤSP：ガラス外径の目標値）として、延伸速度を調整することを特徴とする請求項３記載のガラス体の延伸方法。
（５） ガラス母材を加熱軟化させる加熱炉と、
前記加熱炉にて加熱軟化されたガラス母材を延伸する延伸駆動装置と、
前記ガラス母材が加熱炉内で延伸縮径されている延伸変形部の外径値を測定する外径測定手段と、
前記外径測定値の二乗値に基づいて延伸速度を調整する制御装置とを備えたことを特徴とするガラス体の延伸装置。
The present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
(1) A glass body stretching method in which a glass base material is heated and softened and stretched to obtain a glass body,
Measure the outer diameter measurement value of the stretched deformed portion where the glass base material is expanded and contracted in a heating furnace, calculate the square value of the outer diameter measurement value, and based on the square value of the outer diameter measurement value A method for stretching a glass body, characterized by adjusting a stretching speed.
(2) The glass body stretching method according to claim 1, wherein the stretching speed is adjusted based on a difference between a target value of the square value of the glass outer diameter and a square value of the measured outer diameter value.
(3) A difference value between the outer diameter measurement value and a target value of the glass outer diameter is obtained, and the stretching speed is adjusted based on a quadratic function value using the difference value as a variable. The glass body stretching method according to the description.
(4) The stretching speed is adjusted by using the quadratic function as −e 2 / 2D SP + e (where e: difference value, D SP : target value of glass outer diameter). Glass body stretching method.
(5) a heating furnace for heating and softening the glass base material;
A stretching drive device for stretching the glass base material heated and softened in the heating furnace;
An outer diameter measuring means for measuring an outer diameter value of a stretch deformed portion in which the glass base material is stretched and contracted in a heating furnace;
A glass body stretching apparatus comprising: a control device that adjusts a stretching speed based on a square value of the outer diameter measurement value.
本発明のガラス体の延伸方法及び装置は、ガラス母材が延伸・縮径される延伸変形部の少なくとも１点の外径測定値を測定し、この外径測定値の二乗値に基づいて延伸速度を調整するように構成されている。具体的には、本発明のガラス体の延伸方法及び装置は、外径測定値の二乗値を算出し、二乗値の目標値との差分に基づいて延伸速度を調整するように構成されている。即ち、本発明では、ガラス体の延伸における外径制御のための制御基準値として、従来のように外径偏差（外径目標値と実測値の差分）ではなく、外径実測値の二乗値と目標値の差分を採用することにより、延伸制御の基準となる差分量（制御変数）と、延伸速度調整によるガラス外径変化量との間の直線性を確保するとともに、中心値（目標値）に対する対称性を確保することができるようになる。したがって、本発明のガラス体の延伸方法及び装置によれば、ガラス体延伸時の外径変動幅の低減が図れ、同時に、目標値に対するズレ量も大幅に低減できる。 The glass body stretching method and apparatus of the present invention measures an outer diameter measurement value of at least one point of a stretch deformed portion where a glass base material is stretched / reduced, and stretches based on the square value of the outer diameter measurement value. It is configured to adjust the speed. Specifically, the glass body stretching method and apparatus of the present invention are configured to calculate the square value of the outer diameter measurement value and adjust the stretching speed based on the difference from the target value of the square value. . That is, in the present invention, the control reference value for controlling the outer diameter in stretching the glass body is not the outer diameter deviation (difference between the outer diameter target value and the measured value) as in the past, but the square value of the measured outer diameter value. And the difference between the target value and the difference amount (control variable) that serves as a reference for stretching control, and the linearity between the glass outer diameter change amount by adjusting the stretching speed, and the center value (target value) ) Can be ensured. Therefore, according to the method and apparatus for stretching a glass body of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation range of the outer diameter during stretching of the glass body, and at the same time, it is possible to greatly reduce the amount of deviation from the target value.
また、本発明によれば、延伸変形部もしくはその近傍の少なくとも１点の外径値を測定し、その外径測定値とガラス外径の目標値との差分値を求め、その差分値の２次関数の値に基づいてガラス体の延伸速度を調整するように構成してもよい。具体的な２次関数としては、例えばＥ＝−ｅ2/２ＤSP＋ｅ（ここで、ｅ：差分値，ＤSP：ガラス外径の目標値）を用いることができる。 Further, according to the present invention, the outer diameter value of at least one point in the vicinity of the stretch deformed portion or its vicinity is measured, the difference value between the outer diameter measurement value and the target value of the glass outer diameter is obtained, and the difference value of 2 You may comprise so that the extending | stretching speed | rate of a glass body may be adjusted based on the value of a next function. As a specific quadratic function, for example, E = −e 2 / 2D SP + e (where e: difference value, D SP : target value of glass outer diameter) can be used.
このような構成の場合であっても、延伸制御の基準となる差分量（制御変数）と、延伸速度調整によるガラス外径変化量との間の直線性を確保するとともに、中心値（目標値）に対する対称性を確保することができるようになる。したがって、本発明のガラス体の延伸方法及び装置によれば、ガラス体延伸時の外径変動幅の低減が図れ、同時に、目標値に対するズレ量も大幅に低減できる。特に、本発明によれば、最初に実測値と目標値の差分を計算し、それを演算することで最終的な制御変数を求めるように構成されているので、演算器内での演算桁数の低減を図ることができ、演算器に対する負担を減らせる。これは、大径のガラス母材の延伸を行う場合に特に有効である。 Even in such a configuration, while ensuring the linearity between the difference amount (control variable) serving as a reference for drawing control and the glass outer diameter change amount by adjusting the drawing speed, the center value (target value) ) Can be ensured. Therefore, according to the method and apparatus for stretching a glass body of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the fluctuation range of the outer diameter during stretching of the glass body, and at the same time, it is possible to greatly reduce the amount of deviation from the target value. In particular, according to the present invention, the difference between the actual measurement value and the target value is calculated first, and the final control variable is obtained by calculating the difference. Can be reduced, and the burden on the arithmetic unit can be reduced. This is particularly effective when a large-diameter glass base material is stretched.
以下、本発明の実施形態を説明する。
具体的な実施形態の説明に入る前に、本発明者らが得た知見について先に述べる。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
Prior to the description of the specific embodiment, the knowledge obtained by the present inventors will be described first.
本願発明者は、延伸ガラス体の外径変動幅が十分には低減されず、また延伸ガラス体の平均外径（中心値）と目標外径の間に若干のズレが残存する理由を詳細に調べたところ、ガラス体の外径目標値と外径測定値との偏差の方向、つまり、外径が目標値より大きいか小さいかによって、同じ偏差量であっても、延伸速度調整によるガラス外径変化量に若干の差が出ることが確認された。即ち、偏差量に対する、延伸速度調整によるガラス外径変化量の非直線性により、上記の問題が生じていることが判明した。 The inventor of the present application details the reason why the fluctuation range of the outer diameter of the stretched glass body is not sufficiently reduced, and a slight deviation remains between the average outer diameter (center value) of the stretched glass body and the target outer diameter. As a result of examination, even if the deviation amount is the same depending on the direction of deviation between the outer diameter target value and the outer diameter measurement value of the glass body, that is, whether the outer diameter is larger or smaller than the target value, It was confirmed that there was a slight difference in the diameter change. That is, it has been found that the above problem is caused by the non-linearity of the glass outer diameter change amount by adjusting the stretching speed with respect to the deviation amount.
また、本発明者らはさらに鋭意研究を行った結果、ガラス母材を加熱軟化させ、延伸してガラス体を得るガラス体の延伸制御（方法）において、ガラス母材が加熱炉内で延伸縮径されている延伸変形部の外径測定値ＤPVを測定し、外径測定値の二乗値ＤPV 2を算出し、外径測定値の二乗値ＤPV 2に基づいて延伸速度を調整することによって、常にガラス形状に応じて好適な操作変数調整（延伸速度調整）がなされることを確認した。 In addition, as a result of further intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention have conducted glass glass stretching in a heating furnace in a glass body stretching control (method) in which the glass preform is heated and softened and stretched to obtain a glass body. Measure the outer diameter measured value D PV of the stretched deformed portion, calculate the square value D PV 2 of the outer diameter measured value, and adjust the stretching speed based on the square value D PV 2 of the outer diameter measured value Thus, it was confirmed that suitable operation variable adjustment (stretching speed adjustment) was always made according to the glass shape.
また、本実施形態では、外径測定値の二乗値ＤPV 2と二乗値の目標値Ｄ2 SPとの差分ｅ（＝Ｄ2 SP−ＤPV 2）を偏差として制御を行うことにより、制御偏差に対する延伸速度調整によるガラス外径変化量の直線性、及び目標値に対する直線性を確保することができ、ガラス体延伸外径値の安定化に要する制定時間の短縮を図れることが確認できた。更に、これに伴い、延伸ガラス体の外径変動幅の低減を実現できると共に、延伸ガラス体の外径の目標中心値に対するズレ量の解消に有効な効果を得られることが確認できた。 In the present embodiment, the control is performed by controlling the difference e (= D 2 SP −D PV 2 ) between the square value D PV 2 of the outer diameter measurement value and the target value D 2 SP of the square value as a deviation. It was confirmed that the linearity of the glass outer diameter change amount by adjusting the stretching speed with respect to the deviation and the linearity with respect to the target value can be secured, and the establishment time required for stabilizing the glass body stretching outer diameter value can be shortened. . Further, along with this, it was confirmed that a reduction in the outer diameter fluctuation range of the stretched glass body can be realized, and that an effective effect can be obtained for eliminating the deviation amount from the target center value of the outer diameter of the stretched glass body.
また、外径測定値ＤPVとガラス外径の目標値ＤSPとの差分値ｅ（＝ＤSP−ＤPV）を求め、その差分値の２次関数値Ｅ＝ａｅ2＋ｂｅ＋ｃ（ただしａ、ｂ、ｃは定数）を、制御変数として採用することによっても、同様の効果が得られることを確認した。その場合、特に、前記２次関数値Ｅを、Ｅ＝−ｅ2/２ＤPV＋ｅとすることで、良好な結果を収めることができることも確認できた。 Further, a difference value e (= D SP −D PV ) between the outer diameter measured value D PV and the glass outer diameter target value D SP is obtained, and a quadratic function value E = ae 2 + be + c (where a, It was confirmed that the same effect can be obtained by adopting b and c as constants) as control variables. In that case, in particular, it was also confirmed that good results could be obtained by setting the quadratic function value E to E = −e 2 / 2D PV + e.
次に具体的な本発明の実施形態について説明する。
図１は、本発明に係る縦型のガラス体の延伸装置１０の実施形態を示す構成図である。
図１において、１Ａは延伸しようとするガラス母材、１Ｂはガラス母材１Ａを基に延伸されたガラス体、そして１Ｃはガラス母材１Ａが加熱軟化されて延伸・縮径される途中の変形部分であるネック部（延伸変形部）である。
Next, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment of a stretching apparatus 10 for a vertical glass body according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1A is a glass base material to be stretched, 1B is a glass body stretched based on the glass base material 1A, and 1C is a deformation in the middle of the glass base material 1A being heat-softened and stretched / reduced in diameter. It is a neck part (stretching deformation part) which is a part.
ガラス体の延伸装置１０は、縦型の延伸装置であって、主として、ガラス母材１Ａの上端を把持する上部チャック１２と、延伸されたガラス体１Ｂの下端を把持する下部チャック１３と、それぞれ上部チャック１２及び下部チャック１３をガラス母材１Ａの長手方向に摺動可能に保持する延伸駆動装置１４，１５と、ガラス母材１Ａを加熱軟化させる加熱炉１６と、延伸駆動装置１４，１５、加熱炉１６等を制御する制御装置１７とを有している。 The glass body stretching device 10 is a vertical stretching device, and mainly includes an upper chuck 12 that grips the upper end of the glass base material 1A, and a lower chuck 13 that grips the lower end of the stretched glass body 1B. Stretching drive devices 14 and 15 that hold the upper chuck 12 and the lower chuck 13 slidably in the longitudinal direction of the glass base material 1A, a heating furnace 16 that heats and softens the glass base material 1A, and stretching drive devices 14 and 15; And a control device 17 for controlling the heating furnace 16 and the like.
延伸駆動装置１４，１５は、ボールネジ１４ｂ，１５ｂと、ボールネジ１４ｂ，１５ｂを回転駆動するモータ１４ａ，１５ａをそれぞれ有している。各ボールネジ１４ｂ，１５ｂは、それぞれ上部チャック１２及び下部チャック１３にそれぞれ形成されたボールナット部１２ａ，１３ａと螺合している。ガラス母材１Ａの延伸時、モータ１４ａ，１５ａが駆動されてボールネジ１４ｂ，１５ｂが回転すると、上部チャック１２及び下部チャック１３は、ガラス母材１Ａの長手方向に平行な方向に移動する。ここで、上部チャック１２の移動速度は、ガラス母材１Ａの加熱炉１６への挿入速度Ｖｆに相当し、下部チャック１３の移動速度は、ガラス体１Ｂの加熱炉１６からの引取速度Ｖｆｃに相当する。延伸時には、Ｖｆ＞Ｖｆｃの関係が満たされており、下部チャック１３は、上部チャック１２から時間の経過とともに離れていく。 The extension driving devices 14 and 15 have ball screws 14b and 15b and motors 14a and 15a for rotating the ball screws 14b and 15b, respectively. The ball screws 14b and 15b are screwed with ball nut portions 12a and 13a formed on the upper chuck 12 and the lower chuck 13, respectively. When the glass base material 1A is stretched, when the motors 14a and 15a are driven and the ball screws 14b and 15b rotate, the upper chuck 12 and the lower chuck 13 move in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the glass base material 1A. Here, the moving speed of the upper chuck 12 corresponds to the insertion speed Vf of the glass base material 1A into the heating furnace 16, and the moving speed of the lower chuck 13 corresponds to the take-up speed Vfc of the glass body 1B from the heating furnace 16. To do. At the time of stretching, the relationship of Vf> Vfc is satisfied, and the lower chuck 13 is separated from the upper chuck 12 with the passage of time.
加熱炉１６は、略円環形状の加熱部材１６ａを有している。ガラス母材１Ａは、上方からこの加熱部材１６ａの環状孔内に挿入され、この加熱部材１６ａにより加熱軟化させられる。この状態で、延伸駆動装置１４，１５を介して上部チャック１２及び下部チャック１３が加熱炉１６に対して相対的に移動させられることによりガラス母材１Ａは延伸され、ガラス母材１Ａから所定の外径を有するガラス体１Ｂが生成される。このガラス母材１Ａが変形してガラス体１Ｂが生成される過程においては、加熱炉１６内の加熱部材１６ａによる加熱及び上部チャック１２及び下部チャック１３の相対移動によってガラス母材１Ａの外径が細くなった領域、ネック部（延伸変形部）１Ｃが形成される。このネック部１Ｃの外径は、ネック部１Ｃの長手位置に応じて変化している。 The heating furnace 16 has a substantially annular heating member 16a. The glass base material 1A is inserted into the annular hole of the heating member 16a from above and is heated and softened by the heating member 16a. In this state, the upper chuck 12 and the lower chuck 13 are moved relative to the heating furnace 16 via the stretching drive devices 14 and 15, whereby the glass base material 1A is stretched, and the glass base material 1A is subjected to a predetermined process. A glass body 1B having an outer diameter is generated. In the process in which the glass base material 1A is deformed and the glass body 1B is generated, the outer diameter of the glass base material 1A is increased by the heating by the heating member 16a in the heating furnace 16 and the relative movement of the upper chuck 12 and the lower chuck 13. A narrowed region, neck portion (stretching deformed portion) 1C is formed. The outer diameter of the neck portion 1C changes according to the longitudinal position of the neck portion 1C.
加熱炉１６内に形成されたネック１Ｃの周囲には、外径測定器２１が近接配置されている。外径測定器２１は、例えばレーザを用いた外径測定器であり、それぞれネック部１Ｃの外径を測定する。この外径測定器２１，２２によって測定された外径測定値ＤPVは、制御装置１７に出力される。 Around the neck 1 </ b> C formed in the heating furnace 16, an outer diameter measuring device 21 is arranged in proximity. The outer diameter measuring device 21 is an outer diameter measuring device using a laser, for example, and measures the outer diameter of the neck portion 1C. The outer diameter measurement value D PV measured by the outer diameter measuring devices 21 and 22 is output to the control device 17.
制御装置１７は、延伸装置１０の全体の動作を制御する制御器であり、外径測定器２１によって測定された外径測定値ＤPVに応じて、モータ１４ａ若しくはモータ１５ａ、またはその双方の駆動を制御することにより、上部チャック１２若しくは下部チャック１３、またはその双方の移動速度をフィードバック制御して、ガラス母材１Ａから延伸されたガラス体１Ｂの外径を一定に保つように動作する。 The control device 17 is a controller that controls the overall operation of the stretching device 10, and drives the motor 14 a, the motor 15 a, or both depending on the outer diameter measurement value D PV measured by the outer diameter measuring device 21. By controlling this, the movement speed of the upper chuck 12 or the lower chuck 13 or both of them is feedback-controlled to operate so as to keep the outer diameter of the glass body 1B drawn from the glass base material 1A constant.
本実施形態では、制御装置１７は、入力された外径測定値ＤPVの二乗値ＤPV 2と二乗値の目標値Ｄ2 SPとの差分ｅ（＝Ｄ2 SP−ＤPV 2）を求め、この差分ｅに基づいて延伸速度を調整し、外径制御を行う。ここで、外径制御においては、例えばＰＩＤ制御（比例・積分・微分制御）、ＰＩ制御（比例・積分制御）、Ｐ制御（比例制御）等が実施されることが好ましい。 In the present embodiment, the control device 17 obtains a difference e (= D 2 SP− D PV 2 ) between the square value D PV 2 of the input outer diameter measurement value D PV and the square value target value D 2 SP. The stretching speed is adjusted based on the difference e, and the outer diameter is controlled. Here, in the outer diameter control, for example, PID control (proportional / integral / derivative control), PI control (proportional / integral control), P control (proportional control) and the like are preferably performed.
なお、上記説明では、制御装置１７は入力された外径測定値ＤPVの二乗値ＤPV 2と二乗値の目標値Ｄ2 SPとの差分ｅ（＝Ｄ2 SP−ＤPV 2）を求め、この差分ｅに基づいて延伸速度を調整し、外径制御を行うとしたが、これに限られることはなく、たとえば、外径測定値ＤPVを予め特定の形に演算した上で、延伸速度制御を行うように構成してもよい。 In the above description, the control device 17 obtains a difference e (= D 2 SP− D PV 2 ) between the square value D PV 2 of the input outer diameter measurement value D PV and the square value target value D 2 SP. The outer diameter is controlled by adjusting the stretching speed based on the difference e. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the outer diameter measured value PV is calculated in a specific form before stretching. You may comprise so that speed control may be performed.
外径測定値ＤPVを予め特定の形に演算した上で、延伸速度制御を行う場合について、図２を用いて説明する。
外径測定器２１の中には、付属する測定回路１８に外径目標値ＤSPを予め与えておくと、実測した測定値ＤPVと外径目標値ＤSPとの偏差ｅ（＝ＤSP−ＤPV）を自動的に出力するものがある。このような場合は、制御装置１７には、外径測定値と目標値の偏差ｅ（＝ＤSP−ＤPV）が入力され、制御装置１７は、この偏差を用いて制御のための計算を行うことになる。図２の制御系では、制御装置１７には、ＰＩＤ制御を行って挿入速度Ｖｆを出力するＰＩＤ演算部２２が設けられており、ここで演算した結果に基づいて延伸駆動装置１４，１５が制御される。ここでは、例えば、測定回路１８から出力された外径目標値ＤSPと実測した測定値ＤPVとの偏差ｅは、Ｅ＝−ｅ2/２ＤPV＋ｅに代入され、得られた値Ｅを制御に用いる偏差Ｅとして延伸速度の制御を行ってもよい。
After having calculated the outer size measurements D PV advance to the particular forms, the case where the drawing speed control will be described with reference to FIG.
Some of the outer diameter gauge 21, the previously given in advance the outer diameter target value D SP to the measuring circuit 18 comes to, actual measured values D PV and outer diameter target value D SP deviation between e (= D SP -D PV ) is output automatically. In such a case, a deviation e (= D SP −D PV ) between the measured outer diameter value and the target value is input to the control device 17, and the control device 17 uses the deviation to perform calculation for control. Will do. In the control system of FIG. 2, the control device 17 is provided with a PID calculation unit 22 that performs PID control and outputs the insertion speed Vf, and the stretching drive devices 14 and 15 control based on the calculation result. Is done. Here, for example, the deviation e between the outer diameter target value D SP output from the measurement circuit 18 and the actually measured value D PV is substituted into E = −e 2 / 2D PV + e, and the obtained value E is used. The stretching speed may be controlled as the deviation E used for the control.
制御装置１７は、上記いずれの場合も、外径測定値または外径測定値と外径目標値との偏差から制御変数を求めて、ガラス体の延伸速度を調整して、ガラス体の外径制御を行う。 In any of the above cases, the control device 17 obtains a control variable from the outer diameter measurement value or the deviation between the outer diameter measurement value and the outer diameter target value, and adjusts the stretching speed of the glass body to thereby adjust the outer diameter of the glass body. Take control.
このように、制御装置１７は、入力された外径測定値ＤPVの二乗値ＤPV 2と二乗値の目標値Ｄ2 SPとの差分ｅまたは差分ｅを変数として有する二次関数を用いて外径制御を行うため、高精度の外径制御が可能となる。即ち、ガラス体１Ｂの延伸における外径制御のための制御基準値として、従来のように外径偏差（＝外径目標値−実測値）ではなく、上述のように外径測定値ＤPVの二乗値ＤPV 2と目標値Ｄ2 SPとの差分ｅまたは差分ｅを変数として有する二次関数を用いて外径制御を行うことにより、延伸制御の基準となる偏差量と延伸速度調整によるガラス外径変化量との間の直線性を確保することができる。また、中心値（目標値）に対する対称性を確保することができ、これにより、外径変動幅の低減が図れ、同時に、目標値に対するズレ量も大幅に低減できるようになる。 Thus, the control device 17 uses a quadratic function having, as a variable, the difference e or the difference e between the square value D PV 2 of the input outer diameter measurement value D PV and the square value target value D 2 SP. Since outer diameter control is performed, highly accurate outer diameter control is possible. That is, as a control reference value for controlling the outer diameter in the stretching of the glass body 1B, the outer diameter measured value D PV is not the outer diameter deviation (= outer diameter target value−actual measured value) as in the prior art, but as described above. By controlling the outer diameter using a quadratic function having a difference e or a difference e between the square value D PV 2 and the target value D 2 SP as a variable, a deviation amount serving as a reference for stretching control and glass by adjusting a stretching speed Linearity between the outer diameter change amount can be ensured. Also, symmetry with respect to the center value (target value) can be ensured, whereby the outer diameter fluctuation range can be reduced, and at the same time, the amount of deviation from the target value can be greatly reduced.
次に図１を参照してガラス体延伸の実施例を説明する。
（ａ）延伸形態：縦型延伸機を使用して抵抗炉で加熱する。
（ｂ）出発材：シリカガラス（ＳiＯ2ガラス）、外径８０ｍｍ
（ｃ）延伸目標形状：外径３０．５ｍｍφ
（ｄ）延伸条件：初期挿入速度Ｖf0＝５．５ｍｍ／分、引取速度Ｖｆc＝４０ｍｍ／分、ヒータ（加熱部材１６ａ）の温度１７７０℃（温度が一定になるようにヒータ出力自動調整）
Next, an example of glass body stretching will be described with reference to FIG.
(A) Drawing form: Heated in a resistance furnace using a vertical drawing machine.
(B) Starting material: silica glass (SiO 2 glass), outer diameter 80 mm
(C) Stretch target shape: outer diameter 30.5 mmφ
(D) stretching conditions: initial insertion speed V f0 = 5.5 mm / min, a take-up speed Vf c = 40 mm / min, a heater (heater output automatically adjusted so that the temperature is constant) temperature 1770 ° C. of (heating member 16a)
（ｅ）延伸制御：
・制御変数Ｅ(t)として、実施例１、実施例２で異なるものを採用する。
実施例１：Ｅ(t)＝Ｄ2 SP−ＤPV 2を制御変数とする。
実施例２：Ｅ(t)＝−ｅ2/２Ｄsp＋ｅを制御変数とする。
（ただし、ｅ＝ＤSP−ＤPV）
・上記の制御変数に基づいて挿入速度Ｖfを調整するＰＩＤ制御を次式（１）を用いて行った。
(E) Stretching control:
A different control variable E (t) is employed in the first and second embodiments.
Example 1: Let E (t) = D 2 SP −D PV 2 be a control variable.
Example 2: E (t) = − e 2 / 2D sp + e is a control variable.
(However, e = D SP -D PV )
-PID control for adjusting the insertion speed Vf based on the above control variables was performed using the following equation (1).
ここで、Ｅ(t)は制御偏差（制御変数）、ＫP は比例ゲイン、ＴI は積分時間、ＴD は微分時間である。また、設備稼働の安全上、挿入速度Ｖfを０ｍｍ／分≦Ｖf ≦１５ｍｍ／分に制限した。 Here, E (t) is a control deviation (control variable), K P is a proportional gain, T I is an integration time, and T D is a differentiation time. In addition, the insertion speed V f was limited to 0 mm / min ≦ V f ≦ 15 mm / min for the safety of equipment operation.
上記式（１）により求められた挿入速度Ｖfを用いて、ガラス体の延伸を行った。その結果、次の表１の実施例１、２に示すようなデータが得られた。なお、同表には、比較例として、従来の外径制御方法、つまり制御変数Ｅ(t)＝ＤSP−ＤPVにより延伸制御を行ったときの結果も並記する。 The glass body was stretched using the insertion speed V f determined by the above formula (1). As a result, data as shown in Examples 1 and 2 in the following Table 1 was obtained. In the table, as a comparative example, the results of the conventional outer diameter control method, that is, when the stretching control is performed by the control variable E (t) = D SP −D PV are also shown.
表１に示すように、比較例では、目標外径３０．５０ｍｍに対し、外径中心が３０．７８ｍｍと０．９２％程度のズレが生じたが、実施例１では、目標外径３０．５０ｍｍに対し外径中心が３０．５１ｍｍとなり、０．０３％程度のズレしか生じなかった。さらに、実施例２では、目標外径３０．５０ｍｍに対し外径中心が３０．５０ｍｍとなり、目標値に対する０．０１ｍｍオーダでの有意な差異が観測されなかった。 As shown in Table 1, in the comparative example, the center of the outer diameter was 30.78 mm and a deviation of about 0.92% with respect to the target outer diameter of 30.50 mm. The center of the outer diameter was 30.51 mm with respect to 50 mm, and only a deviation of about 0.03% occurred. Further, in Example 2, the center of the outer diameter was 30.50 mm with respect to the target outer diameter of 30.50 mm, and no significant difference was observed in the order of 0.01 mm with respect to the target value.
また、外径の変動幅も、比較例が±０．３５ｍｍであるのに対して、実施例１の変動幅は±０．１２ｍｍであり、実施例１では、比較例に比べて振動幅を１／３程度に抑制することができた。また、さらに実施例２の振動幅は、±０．０８ｍｍであり、実施例２では、比較例に比べて振動幅を１／４程度に抑制することができた。
以上の結果より、実施例１及び実施例２では、比較例に比べて安定した制御によって、延伸結果を目標外径に近づけられることがわかった。
Further, the fluctuation range of the outer diameter is ± 0.35 mm in the comparative example, whereas the fluctuation range of the first example is ± 0.12 mm. In the first example, the vibration width is larger than that of the comparative example. It was possible to suppress to about 1/3. Further, the vibration width of Example 2 was ± 0.08 mm, and in Example 2, the vibration width could be suppressed to about ¼ compared to the comparative example.
From the above results, it was found that in Example 1 and Example 2, the stretching result can be made closer to the target outer diameter by stable control compared to the comparative example.
以上の実施例１、２の結果から分かるように、本発明によれば、外径変動幅を大幅に低減することができた。特に、実施例２では、優れた効果を奏することが実証できた。 As can be seen from the results of Examples 1 and 2 above, according to the present invention, the outer diameter fluctuation range can be greatly reduced. In particular, in Example 2, it was proved that there was an excellent effect.
なお、上記実施形態では、縦型の延伸装置に本発明を適用した場合を説明したが、本発明は縦型に限らず、横型でも同様の効果を奏することが確認できた。 In the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to a vertical stretching apparatus has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the vertical type, and it has been confirmed that the same effect can be obtained even in the horizontal type.
また、上記実施形態では、加熱炉の形式として抵抗炉の場合を示したが、酸水素加熱（燃焼ガス加熱）、誘導炉加熱、その他のガラス母材加熱炉等を利用することもできる。 Moreover, although the case of the resistance furnace was shown as the form of a heating furnace in the said embodiment, oxyhydrogen heating (combustion gas heating), induction furnace heating, other glass base material heating furnaces, etc. can also be utilized.
また、上記実施形態では、ＰＩＤ制御（比例・積分・微分制御）によるガラス体延伸制御について説明したが、Ｐ制御（比例制御）、ＰＩ制御（比例・積分制御）においても、それぞれ、従来の外径値偏差を用いた制御よりも有効性を発揮できる。 In the above embodiment, glass body stretching control by PID control (proportional / integral / derivative control) has been described. However, in P control (proportional control) and PI control (proportional / integral control), respectively, It is more effective than the control using the diameter deviation.
また、上記実施形態では、シリカガラス（ＳiＯ2）体延伸の場合を示したが、シリカガラスに他の元素（ＧeＯ2、Ｐ2Ｏ5、Ｆ他）を全体もしくはその一部に添加したものでも同様の効果を奏することができる。 The ones in the above embodiments, the silica glass shows the case of (SiO 2) body stretching, added another element to the silica glass (GeO 2, P 2 O 5 , F , etc.) in all or part thereof However, the same effect can be achieved.
また、上記実施形態では、制御変数に基づき、操作変数としてガラス送り速度（実施例では挿入速度）を調整する方式を記載したが、操作変数としてガラス引取速度を調整する方式、また、ガラス送り速度と引取速度の両方を同時に調整する方式でも同様の効果を奏する。 Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the system which adjusts a glass feeding speed (an insertion speed in an Example) as an operation variable based on the control variable was described, the system which adjusts a glass take-up speed as an operation variable, and a glass feeding speed The same effect can be achieved with a method in which both the speed and the take-up speed are adjusted simultaneously.
１Ａ ガラス体の母材
１Ｂ 延伸されたガラス体
１Ｃ ネック部（延伸変形部）
１４，１５ 延伸駆動装置
１６ 加熱炉
１７ 制御装置
1A Base material of glass body 1B Stretched glass body 1C Neck part (stretching deformation part)
14, 15 Stretching drive device 16 Heating furnace 17 Control device
Claims (5)
前記ガラス母材が加熱炉内で延伸縮径されている延伸変形部の外径測定値を測定し、前記外径測定値の二乗値を算出し、前記外径測定値の二乗値に基づいて延伸速度を調整することを特徴とするガラス体の延伸方法。 A glass body stretching method in which a glass base material is softened by heating and stretched to obtain a glass body,
Measure the outer diameter measurement value of the stretched deformed portion where the glass base material is expanded and contracted in a heating furnace, calculate the square value of the outer diameter measurement value, and based on the square value of the outer diameter measurement value A method for stretching a glass body, characterized by adjusting a stretching speed.
前記加熱炉にて加熱軟化されたガラス母材を延伸する延伸駆動装置と、
前記ガラス母材が加熱炉内で延伸縮径されている延伸変形部の外径値を測定する外径測定手段と、
前記外径測定値の二乗値に基づいて延伸速度を調整する制御装置とを備えたことを特徴とするガラス体の延伸装置。
A heating furnace for softening the glass base material by heating;
A stretching drive device for stretching the glass base material heated and softened in the heating furnace;
An outer diameter measuring means for measuring an outer diameter value of a stretch deformed portion in which the glass base material is stretched and contracted in a heating furnace;
A glass body stretching apparatus comprising: a control device that adjusts a stretching speed based on a square value of the outer diameter measurement value.
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| JP2004109372A Pending JP2005289759A (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2004-04-01 | Method and apparatus for stretching glass body |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH072539A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1995-01-06 | Corning Inc | Method of stretching glass article from glass feed material and method and device for making cane for optical fiber |
| JPH0986949A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-31 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Wire drawing of optical fiber and apparatus therefor |
| WO2004000740A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-31 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method for drawing glass parent material and drawing machine for use therein |
| JP2004018341A (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Glass base material stretching method |
| JP2004067471A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-04 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method for stretching glass base material and stretching apparatus used for the method |
| JP2005170714A (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-30 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Optical fiber preform drawing method and apparatus |
-
2004
- 2004-04-01 JP JP2004109372A patent/JP2005289759A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH072539A (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1995-01-06 | Corning Inc | Method of stretching glass article from glass feed material and method and device for making cane for optical fiber |
| JPH0986949A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-31 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Wire drawing of optical fiber and apparatus therefor |
| WO2004000740A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2003-12-31 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method for drawing glass parent material and drawing machine for use therein |
| JP2004018341A (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Glass base material stretching method |
| JP2004067471A (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-04 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method for stretching glass base material and stretching apparatus used for the method |
| JP2005170714A (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-30 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Optical fiber preform drawing method and apparatus |
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