JP2005281220A - Antiallergic agents derived from plants - Google Patents
Antiallergic agents derived from plants Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005281220A JP2005281220A JP2004098648A JP2004098648A JP2005281220A JP 2005281220 A JP2005281220 A JP 2005281220A JP 2004098648 A JP2004098648 A JP 2004098648A JP 2004098648 A JP2004098648 A JP 2004098648A JP 2005281220 A JP2005281220 A JP 2005281220A
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
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Abstract
【課題】植物の葉を用いて、抗アレルギー剤、特にヒスタミン遊離抑制作用に基づく抗アレルギー作用を発揮する抗アレルギー剤を提供する。また、当該抗アレルギー剤を含有する各種製品(食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、日用品)を提供する
【解決する手段】ヤマモモ、アラカシ、クヌギ、及びコナラよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の植物の葉またはその溶媒抽出物を抗アレルギー剤(ヒスタミン遊離抑制剤)の有効成分として用いる。また、食品、飼料、医薬品、医薬部外品または日用品等の各種製品に上記葉または溶媒抽出物を配合することによって即時型アレルギーの予防や症状の緩和に有効な製品を調製する。
【選択図】なしAn antiallergic agent, particularly an antiallergic agent that exhibits an antiallergic action based on a histamine release inhibitory action, is provided using plant leaves. Also, providing various products (food, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, daily necessities) containing the anti-allergic agent. [Means for Solving] At least one kind selected from the group consisting of bayberry, arakashi, kunugi, and konara Plant leaves or a solvent extract thereof is used as an active ingredient of an antiallergic agent (histamine release inhibitor). In addition, a product effective in preventing immediate allergy and alleviating symptoms is prepared by blending the leaf or solvent extract with various products such as food, feed, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs and daily necessities.
[Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は植物に由来する抗アレルギー剤に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、植物葉又はその溶媒抽出物が有するヒスタミン遊離抑制作用に基づいて、特にアトピー性皮膚炎、気管支喘息、花粉症等のアレルギー疾患の諸症状を緩和するのに優れた効果を発揮することのできる抗アレルギー剤に関する。この意味で、本発明の抗アレルギー剤はヒスタミン遊離抑制剤と称することができる。 The present invention relates to an antiallergic agent derived from a plant. More specifically, the present invention is excellent in alleviating various symptoms of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and hay fever, based on the histamine release inhibitory action of plant leaves or solvent extracts thereof. The present invention relates to an antiallergic agent capable of exerting a good effect. In this sense, the antiallergic agent of the present invention can be referred to as a histamine release inhibitor.
肥満細胞は、脱顆粒する際にヒスタミンやロイコトリエン等の化学物質を遊離し、その結果、花粉症、気管支喘息、アトピー性皮膚炎などの即時型アレルギーが誘起されることが知られている。このため、アレルギーの予防または治療方法の1つとして、肥満細胞で生じる脱顆粒を抑制し、ヒスタミンの遊離を防止する方法が提案されている。このような作用機作に基づく抗アレルギー剤として、ケトチフェン及びオキサトミドなどの合成薬剤が知られている。 It is known that mast cells release chemical substances such as histamine and leukotriene when degranulated, and as a result, immediate allergies such as hay fever, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis are induced. For this reason, as one of the methods for preventing or treating allergies, a method of suppressing degranulation occurring in mast cells and preventing the release of histamine has been proposed. Synthetic agents such as ketotifen and oxatomide are known as antiallergic agents based on such a mechanism of action.
現在、日本国民の約3分の1が何らかのアレルギー症状を発症しているといわれている(厚生労働省、平成3年度保健福祉動向調査)。潜在的にアレルギー体質をもち、これから発症する可能性のある人も多数存在するといわれており、国民病として社会問題にも発展しつつある。アレルギーは発症機構により、即時型アレルギー(I型)から遅延型アレルギー(IV型)まで分類されるが、近年特に、花粉症、気管支喘息及びアトピー性皮膚炎などに代表される即時型アレルギーの症例数が急増している。一般にアレルギーの治療は長期にわたることが多いことから、副作用の心配がなく日常摂取する安全な素材の中にアレルギー症状を軽減する作用を見いだそうとする試みが盛んに行われている。これまでに、茶カテキン、シソエキス、及び甜茶などからアレルギー抑制成分が見いだされ(例えば、特許文献1等参照)、これらの機能を付与した食品を毎日摂取することによって、アレルギー症状の軽減だけでなく、アレルギー体質の改善につなげることが期待されている。 Currently, it is said that about one-third of the Japanese population develops allergic symptoms (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1991 Health and Welfare Trend Survey). It is said that there are many people who have allergic potential and may develop in the future, and are developing into social problems as national diseases. Allergies are categorized from immediate allergy (type I) to delayed allergy (type IV) depending on the onset mechanism, but in recent years, especially allergies such as hay fever, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis The number is increasing rapidly. In general, treatment of allergies often lasts for a long time, and therefore, there are many attempts to find an action to reduce allergic symptoms in a safe material to be taken everyday without worrying about side effects. So far, allergy-suppressing ingredients have been found in tea catechins, perilla extracts, and green tea (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and by taking foods with these functions every day, not only alleviating allergic symptoms. It is expected to lead to improvement of allergic constitution.
このような観点から上記以外にも、今まで多くの植物抽出物を有効成分とする抗アレルギー剤が提案されている(例えば、特許文献2〜4等参照)。本件発明に関連した文献としては、具体的には、例えば特許文献5には、ヤマモモの樹皮抽出物にヒスタミン遊離抑制作用があり、アトピー性皮膚炎、気管支喘息または花粉症などのアレルギー性症状の緩和に有効であること、また特許文献6には、ヤマモモの抽出物を有効成分とした皮膚外用剤がアトピー性皮膚炎などのアレルギー性皮膚疾患の改善に有効であることが記載されている。また、上記特許文献6にはアラカシ、クヌギ及びコナラ等のコナラ属に属する植物の抽出物を有効成分とした皮膚外用剤もまた、アトピー性皮膚炎などのアレルギー性皮膚疾患の改善に有効であることが記載されている。さらに、特許文献7には、クヌギの抽出物を有効成分とする外用剤がアレルギー性皮膚炎の予防または治療に有効であることが記載されている。
From such a viewpoint, besides the above, antiallergic agents containing many plant extracts as active ingredients have been proposed (see, for example,
しかしながら、上記特許文献5は、ヤマモモの樹皮抽出物に関して記載するだけであり、ヤマモモの葉抽出物については何ら記載されていない。また、特許文献6にはヤマモモの樹皮と葉の混合抽出物が記載されているものの(調製例14)、それが肥満細胞脱顆粒抑制ないしヒスタミン遊離抑制作用を有することについては記載されていない。さらに特許文献6及び7には、アラカシ、クヌギ及びコナラの樹脂抽出物が記載されているに留まり(特許文献6:調製例11及び13、特許文献7:製造例1)、それらの葉抽出物が肥満細胞脱顆粒抑制及びヒスタミン遊離抑制作用を有することについては一切記載されていない。
本発明は、植物成分を利用して、アトピー性皮膚炎、気管支喘息または花粉症などのアレルギー性症状を予防または緩和するのに有効なヒスタミン遊離抑制剤を提供することを目的とする。具体的には、特定の植物の葉またはその抽出物を有効成分とするものであって、特に食品として日常的に摂取可能なヒスタミン遊離抑制剤を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a histamine release inhibitor effective for preventing or alleviating allergic symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma or hay fever using a plant component. Specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a histamine release inhibitor that contains a specific plant leaf or an extract thereof as an active ingredient, and can be ingested daily as a food.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく、日夜鋭意研究を重ねていたところ、ヤマモモ、アラガシ、クヌギ、及びコナラといった特定の植物の葉に優れたヒスタミン遊離抑制作用があることを見いだし、さらに研究を進めていたところ、これらの葉に対して、更に特定の処理を施すことにより、そのヒスタミン遊離抑制作用が増強(またはヒスタミン遊離抑制作用物質が増加)し、より強力な(または多くの)ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用物質が取得できることを見いだした。本発明は、かかる知見に基づいて完成したものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conducted intensive research day and night, and found that the leaves of specific plants such as bayberry, aragashi, kunugi, and oak have an excellent histamine release inhibitory effect, and During the research, these leaves were further treated to enhance their histamine release inhibitory action (or increase the amount of histamine release inhibitory substances) and to be more powerful (or more). It was found that a histamine release inhibitory substance can be obtained. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
(I)すなわち、本発明は下記に掲げるヒスタミン遊離抑制剤である:
1: ヤマモモ、アラカシ、クヌギおよびコナラよりなる群から選択される植物の葉またはその抽出物を有効成分とするヒスタミン遊離抑制剤。
2: 上記植物の葉が、乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理を施したものである項1に記載するヒスタミン遊離抑制剤。
3: 上記植物の葉の抽出物が、少なくとも乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理を施した葉を熱水または含水アルコールで抽出して得られるものものである、項1または2に記載するヒスタミン遊離抑制剤。
3-1: 上記植物の葉の抽出物が、(1)少なくとも乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理を施した古葉を熱水で抽出して得られるもの、(2)少なくとも乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理を施した古葉を含水アルコールで抽出して得られるもの、(3)少なくとも乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理を施した新葉を熱水で抽出して得られるもの、または(4)少なくとも蒸し処理と乾燥処理を施した新葉を含水アルコールで抽出して得られるものである、項1または2に記載するヒスタミン遊離抑制剤。
4: ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用に基づいて抗アレルギー作用を有する抗アレルギー剤である、項1乃至3-1のいずれかに記載するヒスタミン遊離抑制剤。
(I) That is, the present invention is a histamine release inhibitor listed below:
1: A histamine release inhibitor comprising as an active ingredient a leaf of a plant selected from the group consisting of bayberry, arakashi, kunugi, and quercus or an extract thereof.
2: The histamine release inhibitor according to
[3] The histamine according to [1] or [2], wherein the plant leaf extract is obtained by extracting at least a dry treatment, or a steamed and dried leaf with hot water or hydrous alcohol. Release inhibitor.
3-1: The above-mentioned plant leaf extract is obtained by (1) at least drying, or extracting old leaves that have been steamed and dried with hot water, (2) at least drying, or The one obtained by extracting the steamed and dried old leaves with hydrous alcohol, (3) The one obtained by extracting at least the dried or steamed and dried new leaves with hot water, Or (4) The histamine release inhibitor according to
4: The histamine release inhibitor according to any one of
(II)また、本発明は、下記に掲げる食品等の製品である:
5: 項1乃至4のいずれかに記載するヒスタミン遊離抑制剤を含有する、食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、香粧品または日用品。
6: ヒスタミン遊離に起因して生じる疾患の予防またはその症状緩和に用いられる項5に記載する食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、香粧品または日用品。
7: 即時型アレルギー疾患の予防またはその症状緩和に用いられる項5または6に記載する食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、香粧品または日用品。
(II) Further, the present invention is a product such as food listed below:
5: Foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics or daily necessities containing the histamine release inhibitor according to any one of
6: The food, medicine, quasi-drug, cosmetics or daily necessities described in
7: The food, medicine, quasi-drug, cosmetic or daily necessities described in
(III)さらに、本発明は、下記に掲げる、植物葉が有するヘキソサミニダーゼ阻害活性またはそれに関連する活性を増強する方法である:
8: ヤマモモ、アラカシ、クヌギおよびコナラよりなる群から選択される植物の葉に含まれるヘキソサミニダーゼ阻害活性またはそれに関連する活性を増強する方法であって、上記葉を少なくとも乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理に供することを特徴とする方法。
9: ヘキソサミニダーゼ阻害活性に関連する活性が、肥満細胞からの脱顆粒またはヒスタミン遊離を抑制する活性である項8に記載する方法。
(III) Furthermore, the present invention is a method for enhancing the hexosaminidase inhibitory activity or related activity of plant leaves, which is listed below:
8: A method for enhancing hexosaminidase inhibitory activity or related activity contained in leaves of a plant selected from the group consisting of bayberry, arakashi, kunugi and quercus, wherein the leaves are at least dried or steamed A method comprising subjecting to a treatment and a drying treatment.
9: The method according to
(IV)さらにまた、本発明は下記に掲げる、植物葉に含まれるヘキソサミニダーゼ阻害活性成分またはそれに関連する活性成分を効率よく取得する方法である:
10: ヤマモモ、アラカシ、クヌギおよびコナラよりなる群から選択される植物の葉に含まれるヘキソサミニダーゼ阻害活性成分またはそれに関連する活性成分を効率よく取得する方法であって、上記葉を少なくとも乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理に供し、当該処理葉を熱水または含水アルコールで抽出する工程を有する方法。
11: (1)古葉用いて、それを少なくとも乾燥処理または蒸し処理と乾燥処理に供し、当該処理葉を熱水で抽出する工程、(2)古葉用いて、それを少なくとも乾燥処理または蒸し処理と乾燥処理に供し、当該処理葉を含水アルコールで抽出する工程、(3)新葉を用いて、それを少なくとも乾燥処理または蒸し処理と乾燥処理に供し、当該処理葉を熱水で抽出する工程、または(4)新葉を用いて、それを少なくとも蒸し処理と乾燥処理に供し、当該処理葉を含水アルコールで抽出する工程、のいずれかの工程を有する項10に記載する方法。
12: ヘキソサミニダーゼ阻害活性に関連する活性が、肥満細胞からの脱顆粒またはヒスタミン遊離を抑制する活性である項10または11に記載する方法。
(IV) Furthermore, the present invention is a method for efficiently obtaining a hexosaminidase inhibitory active ingredient or an active ingredient related thereto contained in a plant leaf, which is listed below:
10: A method for efficiently obtaining a hexosaminidase inhibitory active ingredient or a related active ingredient contained in a leaf of a plant selected from the group consisting of bayberry, araca, kunugi and quercus, wherein the leaf is at least dried. The method which uses for a process or a steaming process and a drying process, and has the process of extracting the said processed leaf with hot water or a hydrous alcohol.
11: (1) Using old leaves, subjecting them to at least drying or steaming and drying, and extracting the treated leaves with hot water; (2) Using old leaves and at least drying or steaming them Steps for subjecting to treatment and drying, and extracting the treated leaves with hydrous alcohol, (3) Using new leaves, subjecting them to at least drying or steaming and drying, and extracting the treated leaves with hot water Item 11. The method according to
[12] The method according to [10] or [11], wherein the activity related to the hexosaminidase inhibitory activity is an activity of suppressing degranulation or histamine release from mast cells.
以下、本発明をより詳細に説明する。
(I) ヒスタミン遊離抑制剤
本発明のヒスタミン遊離抑制剤は、ヤマモモ、アラカシ、クヌギ、及びコナラよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の植物の葉またはその抽出物を有効成分とするものである。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
(I) Histamine release inhibitor The histamine release inhibitor of the present invention comprises at least one plant leaf selected from the group consisting of bayberry, arakashi, kunugi, and quercus or an extract thereof as an active ingredient. .
ここで、ヤマモモ(Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.)は、ヤマモモ科(Family Myricaceae)ヤマモモ属に属する雌雄異株の常緑高木である。シロヤマモモ(Myrica cerifera L., M. carolinesis Mill.)もまた当該ヤマモモ科ヤマモモ属に属する植物であり、本発明においてヤマモモと同様に用いることができる。当該植物は、太平洋側では関東以西、日本海側では福井県以西の本州、九州、四国、沖縄、朝鮮半島の南部、中国大陸、台湾、フィリピンなどの熱帯〜暖帯地域で生育することができ、我が国でも街路樹や庭園木また果樹として広く栽培されている。ヤマモモは、その果実が食品として食されている他、古くから生薬として広く使用され経験的に安全性が確認されている植物である。 Here, bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. Et Zucc.) Is a hermaphroditic evergreen tree belonging to the genus Family Myricaceae. White bayberry (Myrica cerifera L., M. carolinesis Mill.) Is also a plant belonging to the genus Dioscorea, and can be used in the present invention in the same manner as bayberry. The plant can grow in tropical and warm regions such as Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Okinawa, the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, mainland China, Taiwan, Philippines, etc. In Japan, it is widely cultivated as street trees, garden trees and fruit trees. The bayberry is a plant that has been eaten as a food and has been widely used as a herbal medicine for a long time and has been empirically confirmed for safety.
アラカシ(Quercus glauca Thunb.)は、ブナ科(Fagaceae)コナラ属(Quercus)に属する雌雄同株の高木常緑樹であり、別名クロカシとも称される。当該植物は、本州(宮城県、石川県以西)・四国・九州・沖縄、朝鮮からアジア東南部、中国、ヒマラヤの暖帯に広く分布する。堅果はドングリとしてよく知られており、木部は建築材、器具材または船舶材などに利用される。 Arakashi (Quercus glauca Thunb.) Is a hermaphroditic evergreen tree belonging to the genus Fagaceae and Quercus, also known as kurokashi. The plant is widely distributed from Honshu (Miyagi Prefecture, west of Ishikawa Prefecture), Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa and Korea to the eastern part of Asia, China and the Himalayas. The nuts are well known as acorns, and the xylem is used for building materials, equipment materials or ship materials.
クヌギ(Quercus acutissima Carrth.)は、ブナ科(Fagaceae)コナラ属(Quercus)に属する雌雄同株の落葉高木であり、別名ツルバミとも称される。当該植物は、本州(岩手県・秋田県・山形県以南)・四国・九州・沖縄に広く分布する。堅果はドングリとしてよく知られており、木部は建築材、器具材、薪炭または椎茸の原木などに利用される。 Quercus acutissima Carrth. Is a hermaphroditic deciduous tree belonging to the genus Fagaceae and Quercus, also known as Tsurumi. The plant is widely distributed in Honshu (Iwate Prefecture, Akita Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture and the south), Shikoku, Kyushu and Okinawa. The nuts are well known as acorns, and the xylem is used for construction materials, equipment materials, charcoal or shiitake logs.
コナラ(Quercus serrata Murray)は、ブナ科(Fagaceae)コナラ属(Quercus)に属する雌雄同株の落葉高木であり、別名ホウソとも称される。当該植物は、北海道南部から九州までの日本全国及び朝鮮半島の山野に広く分布する。堅果はドングリとしてよく知られており、また木部は建築材、船舶材、器具材、土木用材及び椎茸の原木に、また樹皮は染料として用いられる。また種子は澱粉製造用および醸酒用として用いられる。 Quercus serrata Murray is a hermaphroditic deciduous tree belonging to the genus Quercus (Fagaceae), also known as Hoso. The plant is widely distributed throughout Japan from southern Hokkaido to Kyushu and in the mountains of the Korean Peninsula. The nuts are well known as acorns, the xylem is used for building materials, ship materials, equipment materials, civil engineering materials and shiitake logs, and the bark is used as a dye. Seeds are used for starch production and brewing.
本発明のヒスタミン遊離抑制剤の有効成分には、上記ヤマモモの葉、アラカシの葉、クヌギの葉またはコナラの葉をそのまま、またはそれらから溶媒で抽出して得られる溶媒抽出画分(溶媒抽出物)が用いられる。なお、前述するようにヤマモモは雌雄異株であり雄樹と雌樹とがあるが、いずれの樹に由来する葉も区別することなく使用することができる。また、新葉(新芽)も古葉も、区別することなく、使用することができる。 The active ingredient of the histamine release inhibitor of the present invention includes the above-mentioned bayberry leaves, arakashi leaves, kunugi leaves or konara leaves as they are or extracted from them with a solvent (solvent extract). ) Is used. As described above, the bayberry is a male and female different strain and includes a male tree and a female tree, but leaves derived from any tree can be used without distinction. In addition, new leaves (buds) and old leaves can be used without distinction.
これらの葉は生の状態で用いることもできるが、好適には乾燥処理、蒸し処理または炒り処理のいずれか少なくとも一方の処理を行った葉を用いることが望ましい。好ましくは乾燥処理、蒸し処理と乾燥処理との組み合わせ処理、乾燥処理と炒り処理の組み合わせ処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理と炒り処理の組み合わせ処理である。より好ましくは乾燥処理、蒸し処理と乾燥処理との組み合わせ処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理と炒り処理の組み合わせ処理である。なお、蒸し処理は、好適には乾燥処理前に行なわれる。 Although these leaves can be used in a raw state, it is preferable to use leaves that have been subjected to at least one of a drying process, a steaming process, and a roasting process. Preferably, it is a drying process, a combination process of a steaming process and a drying process, a combination process of a drying process and a roasting process, or a combined process of a steaming process, a drying process and a roasting process. More preferred is a drying process, a combination process of a steaming process and a drying process, or a combination process of a steaming process, a drying process and a roasting process. The steaming process is preferably performed before the drying process.
ここで乾燥処理には、日陰乾燥、天日乾燥、及び機械乾燥が含まれる。特に制限はされないが、「日陰乾燥処理」としては日陰で数日間(通常2日〜1週間程度、好ましくは3〜4日間)干して乾燥する処理を、「天日乾燥処理」としては日光照射下で数日間(通常1日〜1週間程度、好ましくは3〜4日間)干して乾燥する処理を、また「機械乾燥処理」としては機械で加温(例えば、40〜60℃程度)しながら、数〜数十時間(通常2〜24時間、好ましくは5〜15時間程度)乾燥する処理を用いることができる。但し、乾燥時間や設定温度は当業界の日常的な設定変更事項であり、特に限定されるものではない。また、乾燥処理には凍結乾燥処理も含まれるが、本発明において好ましくは0℃以上、好ましくは5℃以上、より好ましくは10℃以上で行う乾燥処理である。 Here, the drying treatment includes shade drying, sun drying, and mechanical drying. Although there is no particular limitation, the “shade drying treatment” is a treatment that is dried in the shade for several days (usually about 2 days to 1 week, preferably 3 to 4 days), and the “sun drying treatment” is irradiated with sunlight. A process of drying and drying for several days (usually about 1 day to 1 week, preferably 3 to 4 days), or as a “mechanical drying process” while heating with a machine (for example, about 40 to 60 ° C.) , Several to several tens of hours (usually 2 to 24 hours, preferably about 5 to 15 hours) can be used. However, the drying time and set temperature are daily setting changes in the industry and are not particularly limited. In addition, the drying treatment includes lyophilization treatment. In the present invention, the drying treatment is preferably performed at 0 ° C. or higher, preferably 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher.
蒸し処理としては、制限されないが、高温(例えば、60-110℃、好ましくは90〜110℃)の蒸気を用いて蒸す処理を、また炒り処理としては、制限されないが、高温(例えば150〜180℃程度)に加熱した板の上で数分間(例えば1〜10分間程度)焙煎する処理を用いることができる。これらの処理温度や処理時間は、乾燥処理と同様に、当業界の日常的な設定変更事項であり、上記記載に特に限定されるものではない。 The steaming treatment is not limited, but the steaming treatment using steam at a high temperature (for example, 60 to 110 ° C., preferably 90 to 110 ° C.), and the roasting treatment is not limited, but is performed at a high temperature (for example 150 to 180 ° C.). A process of roasting for several minutes (for example, about 1 to 10 minutes) on a plate heated to about 0 ° C. can be used. These treatment temperatures and treatment times are daily setting changes in the industry as in the case of the drying treatment, and are not particularly limited to the above description.
葉の溶媒抽出物は、生葉、好ましくは上記処理(乾燥処理、蒸し処理または/及び炒り処理)を施した葉を、そのままの状態で、またはそれを破砕若しくは粉砕処理したものを、抽出操作に付することによって調製することができる。 The leaf solvent extract is a raw leaf, preferably a leaf subjected to the above treatment (drying treatment, steaming treatment and / or roasting treatment), as it is, or a product obtained by crushing or pulverizing it as an extraction operation. It can be prepared by attaching.
上記抽出に用いられる溶媒としては、特に制限されず、水、低級アルコール、多価アルコール、並びにその他の極性溶媒を広く用いることができる。より具体的には低級アルコールとしては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール及びイソプロピルアルコール、ブタノール等の炭素数1〜6、好ましくは炭素数1〜4のアルコール;多価アルコールとしては、グリセリン、1,3-ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール等;上記以外の極性溶媒としては、アセトンやエチルケトンなどのケトン類、酢酸エチル, 酢酸メチルまたは酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、エチルエーテルやプロピルエーテル等のエーテル類等を挙げることができる。これらの溶媒は、単独で用いてもよく、また二種以上を組み合わせて使用することもできる。二種以上の組み合わせ例としては、低級アルコール、多価アルコールまたはそれ以外の極性溶媒と水との組み合わせを挙げることができる。好ましくは、水、エタノールなどの低級アルコール、または水と低級アルコールとの混合物(含水アルコール、好ましくは含水エタノール)を挙げることができる。なお、抽出溶媒として低級アルコールと水との水性混合溶媒(含水アルコール)を使用する場合のアルコールの含有割合としては50〜90容量%、好ましくは60〜85容量%の範囲を例示することができる。 The solvent used for the extraction is not particularly limited, and water, lower alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, and other polar solvents can be widely used. More specifically, examples of the lower alcohol include alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, and butanol; examples of the polyhydric alcohol include glycerin, 1,3- Butylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc .; other polar solvents include ketones such as acetone and ethyl ketone, esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate or butyl acetate, ethyl ether and propyl ether, etc. Examples include ethers. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of combinations of two or more include lower alcohols, polyhydric alcohols or other polar solvents and water. Preferable examples include water, lower alcohols such as ethanol, or a mixture of water and lower alcohols (hydrous alcohol, preferably hydrous ethanol). In addition, when using the aqueous mixed solvent (hydrous alcohol) of a lower alcohol and water as an extraction solvent, as a content rate of alcohol, the range of 50-90 volume%, Preferably 60-85 volume% can be illustrated. .
葉として古葉を用いる場合は、生葉を乾燥処理、若しくは蒸し処理後に乾燥処理し、これを抽出溶媒として水(好ましくは温〜熱水)または含水アルコールを用いて抽出処理に供して、抽出物を調製することが望ましい。抽出溶媒としてより好ましくは含水アルコールである。 When using old leaves as the leaves, the fresh leaves are dried or steamed and then subjected to an extraction process using water (preferably warm to hot water) or hydrous alcohol as an extraction solvent. It is desirable to prepare. More preferable as the extraction solvent is hydrous alcohol.
葉として新葉を用いる場合も同様に、生葉を乾燥処理、または蒸し処理後に乾燥処理し、これを抽出溶媒として水(好ましくは温〜熱水)または含水アルコールを用いて抽出処理に供して、抽出物を調製することが望ましい。抽出溶媒としてより好ましくは含水アルコールである。なお、生葉の処理として炒り処理を行ってもよく、例えば乾燥処理後、または蒸し処理及び乾燥処理後に、炒り処理を行う方法を挙げることができる。 Similarly, when using a new leaf as a leaf, the fresh leaf is dried or dried after steaming, and subjected to extraction using water (preferably warm to hot water) or hydrous alcohol as an extraction solvent. It is desirable to prepare an extract. More preferable as the extraction solvent is hydrous alcohol. In addition, you may perform a roasting process as a process of a raw leaf, For example, the method of performing a roasting process after a drying process or after a steaming process and a drying process can be mentioned.
抽出方法としては、一般に用いられる方法を採用することができる。制限はされないが、例えば溶媒中に上記植物の葉(そのまま若しくは粗末、細切物)又はそれらを乾燥処理、蒸し処理または/および炒り処理を施したものを、冷浸、温浸若しくは加熱しながら浸漬することによって抽出する方法、またはパーコレーション法等を挙げることができる。なお、浸漬は静置状態で行ってもよいし、また攪拌しながら行ってもよい。 As the extraction method, a generally used method can be employed. Although it is not limited, for example, the leaves of the above plants (as they are, raw powder, shredded products) or those subjected to drying treatment, steaming treatment and / or roasting treatment in a solvent while being subjected to cold immersion, digestion or heating A method of extracting by immersion, a percolation method, or the like can be given. In addition, immersion may be performed in a stationary state or may be performed while stirring.
得られた抽出物(抽出液)は、必要に応じてろ過または遠心分離によって固形物を除去した後、使用の態様に応じて、そのまま用いるか、または溶媒を留去して一部濃縮するか乾燥して、植物エキスまたは植物エキス乾燥物として用いることができる。また濃縮乃至は乾燥後、該濃縮物乃至は乾燥物を非溶解性溶媒で洗浄して精製して用いても、またこれを更に適当な溶剤に溶解もしくは懸濁して用いることもできる。また、抽出物を慣用の精製法に供して高度に精製して使用することも可能である。精製法としては特に制限されないが、例えば向流分配法やカラムクロマトグラフィー等を用いて、ヒスタミン遊離抑制活性、具体的には後述する実施例に記載する方法に従ってヘキサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性を測定し(例えば、片岡ら、「ラット好塩基球白血病細胞(RBL-2H3)による生薬の抗アレルギースクリーニング」生薬学雑誌、46, pp.25-29 (1992))、当該活性を有する画分を取得する方法を挙げることができる。また、こうした各種の精製処理により得られた溶媒抽出物(溶媒抽出液)を更に減圧乾燥や凍結乾燥等の通常の手段により乾燥して使用することもできる。 The obtained extract (extract) can be used as it is, or partially concentrated by distilling off the solvent, after removing solids by filtration or centrifugation as necessary. It can be dried and used as a plant extract or a dried plant extract. Further, after the concentration or drying, the concentrate or the dried product can be used after being purified by washing with a non-soluble solvent, or further dissolved or suspended in an appropriate solvent. It is also possible to use the extract after highly purifying it by subjecting it to a conventional purification method. The purification method is not particularly limited. For example, the histamine release inhibitory activity, specifically, the hexaminidase release inhibitory activity is measured according to the method described in the Examples described later, using a countercurrent distribution method or column chromatography. (For example, Kataoka et al., “Anti-allergy screening of crude drugs using rat basophil leukemia cells (RBL-2H3)”, Biopharmaceutical Journal, 46, pp. 25-29 (1992)), obtaining a fraction having the activity. A method can be mentioned. Moreover, the solvent extract (solvent extract) obtained by these various purification treatments can be further dried and used by ordinary means such as reduced pressure drying or freeze drying.
上記植物の葉の溶媒抽出物は、後記の実験例に示すようにヘキサミニダーゼ遊離阻害作用(ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用)を有する。従って、その原料であるヤマモモの葉、アラカシの葉、クヌギの葉またはコナラの葉(好ましくは、乾燥処理、蒸し処理と乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理と炒り処理した葉)、またはそれらの溶媒抽出物(好ましくは水または含水アルコール抽出物)は、ヒスタミン遊離抑制剤やヒスタミン遊離抑制作用に基づく抗アレルギー剤として、食品、化粧料、医薬部外品、医薬品、またはその他の製品(日用品)などの成分として用いることができる。そして、これにより肥満細胞脱顆粒、特にヒスタミン遊離によって生じる各種のアレルギー疾患の発症(アレルギー症状)を抑制、予防したり、またその症状の緩和・改善に有効に使用することができる。 The plant leaf solvent extract has a hexaminidase release inhibitory action (histamine release inhibitory action) as shown in the following experimental examples. Therefore, bayberry leaves, Arakashi leaves, Kunugi leaves or Quercus leaves (preferably dried, steamed and dried, or steamed, dried and fried), or their raw materials. Solvent extract (preferably water or water-containing alcohol extract) is a food, cosmetic, quasi-drug, pharmaceutical, or other product (daily necessities) as a histamine release inhibitor or an antiallergic agent based on histamine release inhibitory action. It can be used as a component. As a result, mast cell degranulation, in particular, the onset (allergic symptoms) of various allergic diseases caused by histamine release can be suppressed and prevented, and it can be effectively used to alleviate or improve the symptoms.
なお、ヒスタミン遊離によって生じるアレルギー疾患としては、具体的にはアトピー性皮膚炎、気管支喘息、花粉症、及びアレルギー性鼻炎等を挙げることができる。 Specific examples of allergic diseases caused by histamine release include atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, and allergic rhinitis.
本発明のヒスタミン遊離抑制剤(抗アレルギー剤)の有効成分として、植物の葉を用いる場合には、葉に対して、好ましくは上記処理(乾燥処理、蒸し処理と乾燥処理、または蒸し処理と乾燥処理と炒り処理)を施し、必要により破砕若しくは粉砕した物を、お茶葉代わりもしくはそのまま食用に用いるか、または食品素材として使用することができる。 When using plant leaves as the active ingredient of the histamine release inhibitor (antiallergic agent) of the present invention, the above-mentioned treatment (drying treatment, steaming treatment and drying treatment, or steaming treatment and drying) is preferably performed on the leaves. The processed and fried foods) and, if necessary, crushed or pulverized, can be used instead of tea leaves or as they are for food, or used as food materials.
これらの食品、化粧料、医薬部外品、医薬品、その他の製品(日用品)に配合される上記植物の葉またはその溶媒抽出物の割合は、抗アレルギー活性、特にヒスタミン遊離抑制作用に基づいて抗アレルギー活性を有することを限度として特に制限されない。例えば食品、医薬部外品または医薬品の場合、通常、その単位投与(単位摂取)あたりに上記植物の葉またはその溶媒抽出物が原料固形乾燥物〔原料として使用する葉の乾燥重量:以下、同じ〕に換算して、少なくとも0.1g含まれるような割合を目安として適宜調整配合することができる。 The ratio of the above-mentioned plant leaves or its solvent extract contained in these foods, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, and other products (daily necessities) is anti-allergic activity, especially based on histamine release inhibiting action. It is not particularly limited as long as it has allergic activity. For example, in the case of foods, quasi-drugs or pharmaceuticals, the above-mentioned plant leaf or its solvent extract is usually a solid dry product [dry weight of leaves used as a raw material: ] Can be appropriately adjusted and blended using as a guide a ratio such that at least 0.1 g is contained.
特に本発明の溶媒抽出物を有効成分とする医薬品は、アトピー性疾患や花粉症などの即時型アレルギーに対する抗アレルギー剤(アレルギー疾患の予防剤及び/または治療剤)として、アレルギー症状発生の予防、並びに発症後はアレルギー症状の緩和や改善に使用することができる。その投与量は、投与目的、患者の年齢や症状に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、成人1日あたりの投与量として、原料固形乾燥物0.01〜10gから抽出される量を挙げることができ、これを1〜数回に分けて投与することができる。また、鼻や喉に直接噴霧する場合は、原料固形乾燥物0.1〜10gから抽出される溶媒抽出物1mlを100〜1000倍に希釈した液を数回噴霧することによって使用することができる。
In particular, a pharmaceutical comprising the solvent extract of the present invention as an active ingredient is used as an antiallergic agent (preventive agent and / or therapeutic agent for allergic disease) against immediate allergies such as atopic disease and hay fever, In addition, it can be used to alleviate or improve allergic symptoms after onset. The dosage can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of administration, the age and symptoms of the patient. For example, the dosage per day for an adult can be an amount extracted from 0.01 to 10 g of the raw material solid dried product, and this can be divided into 1 to several times. Moreover, when spraying directly on the nose and throat, it can be used by spraying several times a solution obtained by diluting 1 ml of a solvent extract extracted from 0.1 to 10 g of a raw material solid dried
また本発明の溶媒抽出物を含む食品は、アトピー性疾患や花粉症などの即時型アレルギーに対する抗アレルギー作用を有する食品として、アレルギー症状発生の予防、並びに発症後はアレルギー症状の緩和や改善に使用することができる。 In addition, the food containing the solvent extract of the present invention is used as a food having an antiallergic action against immediate allergies such as atopic disease and hay fever, for preventing allergic symptoms and for alleviating or improving allergic symptoms after onset. can do.
食品は、食品の通常の製造過程において本発明の植物の葉、またはその溶媒抽出物を一成分として添加配合することによって製造することができる。また、医薬品または医薬部外品は、好適には本発明の植物の葉溶媒抽出物を有効成分として用い、必要に応じて薬学的に許容される担体(例えば、賦形剤、滑沢剤、結合剤等)や添加剤(例えば、香料、矯味剤、着色料等)を配合して、常法に従って錠剤、粉末剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、液剤、舌下錠、トローチ、うがい薬、点鼻薬または噴霧剤などの各種の形態に製剤化することができる。 The food can be produced by adding and blending the plant leaf of the present invention or a solvent extract thereof as a component in the normal production process of the food. In addition, the pharmaceutical or quasi-drug preferably uses the leaf solvent extract of the plant of the present invention as an active ingredient, and if necessary, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (for example, excipient, lubricant, Binders, etc.) and additives (for example, fragrances, flavoring agents, coloring agents, etc.), and tablets, powders, granules, capsules, syrups, liquids, sublingual tablets, troches, gargles according to conventional methods It can be formulated into various forms such as drugs, nasal sprays or sprays.
食品、医薬部外品又は医薬品等の形態または種類としては、特に制限されず、任意の形態または種類をとることができるが、花粉症や気管支喘息の予防またはその症状の緩和を目的とする場合は、有効成分として使用する植物の葉の溶媒抽出物が鼻粘膜や喉粘膜に接触するような態様で使用されることが好ましい。 The form or type of food, quasi-drug or pharmaceutical product is not particularly limited and can take any form or type, but for the purpose of preventing hay fever or bronchial asthma or alleviating the symptoms Is preferably used in such a manner that the solvent extract of the plant leaf used as an active ingredient contacts the nasal mucosa or throat mucosa.
食品としてはドリンクや清涼飲料水などの飲料形態、キャンディー、トローチまたはチューインガムなどの食品を挙げることができる。また医薬品または医薬部外品等としてはシロップ剤、舌下錠、トローチ、洗口液、口内清涼剤、うがい液、うがい薬、点鼻薬、喉噴霧剤等といった形態のものを挙げることができる。 Examples of the food include beverages such as drinks and soft drinks, and foods such as candy, troches, and chewing gum. Examples of pharmaceuticals or quasi drugs include syrups, sublingual tablets, troches, mouthwashes, mouth fresheners, gargles, gargles, nasal sprays, throat sprays, and the like.
また、本発明の各種植物の葉溶媒抽出物は、上記食品、医薬部外品又は医薬品以外にも、抗アレルギー作用(ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用)を期待して、特にアレルギー症状の抑制や緩和を目的として、日用品の成分に用いることもできる。例えば、加湿器の水への添加液として使用しても、またマスク、ガーゼ、包帯、タオル、ハンカチ、おしぼり、ティッシュ、ウエットティッシュ、手袋、下着、白衣、手術着、オムツ、寝装用品(布団、枕、シーツ、枕カバー、寝間着)に含浸または練り込んで使用することもできる。また、居間やトイレなどの生活空間に消臭や抗菌を目的として噴霧されるスプレーに配合して使用することも可能である。 Further, the leaf solvent extract of various plants of the present invention is intended to suppress or alleviate allergic symptoms in particular in anticipation of antiallergic action (histamine release inhibitory action) in addition to the above-mentioned foods, quasi drugs and pharmaceuticals. It can also be used as a component of daily necessities. For example, it can be used as an additive to the water of a humidifier, and it can also be used as a mask, gauze, bandage, towel, handkerchief, towel, tissue, wet tissue, gloves, underwear, lab coat, surgical gown, diaper, bedding (futon) , Pillows, sheets, pillow covers, sleepwear) can be impregnated or kneaded. Moreover, it is also possible to mix | blend and use for the spray sprayed for the purpose of deodorizing and antibacterial in living spaces, such as a living room and a toilet.
これら各種製品中における植物葉の溶媒抽出物の含有量も、これらの製品が抗アレルギー作用(ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用)を有することを限度として特に制限されず、前述する医薬品への配合割合を基準として調整することができる。 The content of the solvent extract of plant leaves in these various products is not particularly limited as long as these products have an antiallergic action (histamine release inhibitory action), and based on the blending ratio in the aforementioned pharmaceuticals Can be adjusted.
本発明が対象とするヤマモモ、アラカシ、クヌギ、及びコナラの葉は、肥満細胞からのヒスタミンの遊離を抑制する成分を多く含んでいる。従って、これらの葉またはその抽出物を有効成分とする本発明のヒスタミン遊離抑制剤(抗アレルギー剤)は、ヒスタミンが遊離されて起こるアトピー性皮膚炎、気管支喘息、花粉症などの即時型アレルギー疾患の予防並びにその諸症状の緩和軽減に有効に利用することができる。具体的には、本発明のヒスタミン遊離抑制剤(抗アレルギー剤)は、これらの即時型アレルギー疾患の予防並びにその諸症状の緩和軽減を目的として、広くに食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、日用品(雑品)等の製品として、またはその素材として有効に用いることができる。 The leaves of bayberry, arakashi, kunugi, and quercus that are the subject of the present invention contain many components that suppress the release of histamine from mast cells. Therefore, the histamine release inhibitor (antiallergic agent) of the present invention comprising these leaves or an extract thereof as an active ingredient is an immediate allergic disease such as atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and hay fever caused by the release of histamine. It can be effectively used for the prevention of symptoms and the alleviation of the symptoms. Specifically, the histamine release inhibitor (antiallergic agent) of the present invention is widely used for food, medicine, quasi-drugs, daily necessities for the purpose of preventing these immediate allergic diseases and alleviating their symptoms. It can be effectively used as a product such as (miscellaneous goods) or as its material.
以下、本発明を試験例及び実施例によって更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は当該試験例並びに実施例によって何ら制限されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail by a test example and an Example, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by the said test example and Example.
試験例1
被験植物試料として、ヤマモモの葉(新葉)、ヤマモモの実(新葉)、ヤマモモの種子(新葉)、クヌギの葉(新葉)、コナラの葉(新葉)、アラカシの葉(新葉)、柿の葉(6月中旬採取)、及び茶葉(緑茶の葉)を用いて、ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用を調べた。なお、ここで用いたヤマモモの葉、実、及び種子は雌樹に由来するものである。
Test example 1
Test plant samples include bayberry leaves (new leaves), bayberry berries (new leaves), bayberry seeds (new leaves), cucumber leaves (new leaves), oak leaves (new leaves), arakashi leaves (new) Leaves), bamboo leaves (collected in mid-June), and tea leaves (green tea leaves) were examined for histamine release inhibitory action. The bayberry leaves, fruits and seeds used here are derived from female trees.
具体的には、各植物試料を、まず水道水で軽く洗浄した後、水切りをし、凍結乾燥機にて乾燥させ、得られた乾燥物を粉砕器で粉末にした。得られた粉末1gを三角フラスコに入れて、これに10倍量(10mL)の蒸留水を添加して、三角フラスコごと沸騰水中に浸けて、15分間加熱抽出した。 Specifically, each plant sample was lightly washed with tap water, drained, dried with a freeze dryer, and the resulting dried product was powdered with a pulverizer. 1 g of the obtained powder was put into an Erlenmeyer flask, 10 times the amount (10 mL) of distilled water was added thereto, the whole Erlenmeyer flask was immersed in boiling water, and extracted by heating for 15 minutes.
次いで、得られた熱水抽出物についてヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を測定した。なお、熱水抽出物は、超純水(ミリQ処理水)を用いて1倍(希釈なし)、2倍、5倍、10倍、20倍、50倍及び100倍にそれぞれ希釈し、各希釈溶液についてヒスタミン遊離抑制活性を測定した。 Subsequently, histamine release inhibitory activity was measured about the obtained hot water extract. The hot water extract is diluted 1-fold (no dilution), 2-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 50-fold and 100-fold with ultrapure water (Milli-Q treated water). Histamine release inhibitory activity was measured for the diluted solution.
なお、ヒスタミン遊離抑制活性の評価には、ヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性試験(in vitro試験)を採用して行った。この方法は、ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用を有する物質のスクリーニング、すなわち即時型(I型)アレルギーに対する抑制成分のスクリーニング方法として、当業界で既に確立されている試験方法である(例えば、片岡正博ら、「ラット好塩基球白血病細胞(RBL-2H3)による生薬の抗アレルギースクリーニング」, 生薬学雑誌, 46, pp.25-29 (1992)など参照)。よって、当該試験方法は、別の角度から抗アレルギー活性、特に即時型(I型)アレルギーに対する抗アレルギー活性を評価していることにもなる。 The histamine release inhibitory activity was evaluated using a hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity test (in vitro test). This method is a test method already established in the art as a screening method for a substance having an inhibitory action on histamine release, that is, a screening component for an inhibitory component against immediate (type I) allergy (for example, Masahiro Kataoka et al., “ Anti-allergy screening of crude drugs with rat basophil leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) ", Biopharmaceutical Journal, 46, pp. 25-29 (1992)). Therefore, this test method also evaluates antiallergic activity, particularly antiallergic activity against immediate (type I) allergy, from a different angle.
具体的には、上記で得られた各試料の熱水抽出物について、片岡正博らの方法(生薬学雑誌, 46, pp.25-29 (1992))に従ってラット好塩基球白血病細胞(以下、「RBL-2H3細胞」という)を用い、下記の操作に基づいてヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性試験を行った。 Specifically, with respect to the hot water extract of each sample obtained above, rat basophil leukemia cells (hereinafter referred to as the following) according to the method of Masahiro Kataoka et al. (Biopharmaceutical Journal, 46, pp. 25-29 (1992)). (Hereinafter referred to as “RBL-2H3 cells”), a hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity test was performed based on the following procedure.
<ヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性試験>
まず、RBL-2H3細胞(ヒューマンサイエンス振興財団より入手)を5×105cell/mLに調整し、ここにDNP-BSA(2,4-dinitrophenylated Bovine Serum Albumin)マウスIgE抗体(SIGMA社製)を最終濃度が0.3μg/mLとなるように加え、48穴プレートに播種し、CO2インキュベーターで一晩培養する。翌日、培養したRBL-2H3細胞をpH7.3〜7.65のリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(以下、「PBS」という)で洗浄した後、遊離液(116.9mM NaCl, 5.4mM KCl, 0.8mM MgSO4, 5.6mM グルコース, 25mM HEPES, 2.0mM CaCl2, 1mg/ml BSA)を130μL添加し、さらにこれに各植物抽出物の希釈液またはPBS(ネガティブコントロール:陰性対照)を20μL添加し、CO2インキュベーター装置内に10分間静置し反応させる。次いで、得られた反応液に4μg/mLのDNP-BSAを20μL加えてCO2インキュベーター装置内に1時間静置し、脱顆粒を惹起させる。
<Hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity test>
First, RBL-2H3 cells (obtained from Human Science Foundation) were adjusted to 5 × 10 5 cells / mL, and DNP-BSA (2,4-dinitrophenylated Bovine Serum Albumin) mouse IgE antibody (manufactured by SIGMA) was added here. Add to a final concentration of 0.3 μg / mL, seed in a 48-well plate and incubate overnight in a CO 2 incubator. The next day, the cultured RBL-2H3 cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline (hereinafter referred to as “PBS”) at pH 7.3 to 7.65, and then the free solution (116.9 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 0.8 mM MgSO 4). , 5.6 mM glucose, 25 mM HEPES, 2.0 mM CaCl 2 , 1 mg / ml BSA) is added, and further 20 μL of each plant extract dilution or PBS (negative control: negative control) is added to the CO 2 incubator. Allow to react in the apparatus for 10 minutes. Next, 20 μL of 4 μg / mL DNP-BSA is added to the obtained reaction solution, and left to stand in a CO 2 incubator for 1 hour to induce degranulation.
上記反応液から、上澄み液16μLを96穴プレートに移し、これに5mMのヘキソサミニダーゼ基質溶液(p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamide 85.5mgを50mMのクエン酸緩衝液50mlmに溶解して調整)を66μL加え、37℃で30分間反応させた。反応後、これに166μLの反応停止液(100mM 炭酸緩衝液、pH10)を加え、得られた反応液について、405nmの吸光度をマイクロプレートリーダーで測定する。
Transfer 16 μL of the supernatant from the above reaction solution to a 96-well plate, and add 5 mM hexosaminidase substrate solution (p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamide 85.5 mg to 50
ヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害率(%)は次式により求める。 The inhibition rate of hexosaminidase release (%) is obtained by the following formula.
阻害率(%)={1−(S-B)/(C-b)}× 100
S:各抽出希釈液をRBL-2H3細胞に加えた時の405nmでの吸光度
B:RBL-2H3細胞非存在下で各抽出希釈液を加えた時の405nmでの吸光度
C:陰性対照(PBSを細胞に加えた時)の405nmでの吸光度
b:RBL-2H3細胞非存在下でPBSを加えたときの405nmでの吸光度。
Inhibition rate (%) = {1− (SB) / (C−b)} × 100
S: Absorbance at 405 nm when each extraction dilution was added to RBL-2H3 cells B: Absorbance at 405 nm when each extraction dilution was added in the absence of RBL-2H3 cells C: Negative control (PBS Absorbance at 405 nm when added to cells b: Absorbance at 405 nm when PBS is added in the absence of RBL-2H3 cells.
結果を図1に示す。 The results are shown in FIG.
図1からわかるように、ヤマモモの葉、ヤマモモの種子、クヌギの葉、コナラの葉、及びアラカシの葉の熱水抽出物には、茶葉抽出物よりも優れたヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性があることが判明した。中でも特に、クヌギの葉及びコナラの葉の熱水抽出物には、柿の葉抽出物(小谷ら、「ヒト好塩基球細胞およびマウスにおける柿の葉抽出物のアレルギー抑制効果」栄食誌, 52, 147-150 (1999);松本ら、「柿葉抽出物のNC/Ngaマウスにおけるアトピー性皮膚炎抑制作用」栄食誌, 54, 3-7 (2001))と同等もしくはそれ以上の優れたヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性があることが判明した。 As can be seen from FIG. 1, the hot water extract of bayberry leaves, bayberry seeds, kunugi leaves, konara leaves, and arakashi leaves has superior hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity than the tea leaf extract. It turned out to be. Among them, the hot water extract of Kunugi leaves and Quercus leaves includes the bamboo leaf extract (Otani et al., “Allergy-suppressing effect of bamboo leaf extract in human basophil cells and mice” 52, 147-150 (1999); Matsumoto et al., “Atopy dermatitis inhibitory effect in NC / Nga mice of Kashiwa leaf extract”, Eisei, 54, 3-7 (2001)) or better. Hexaminidase release inhibitory activity was found.
このことから、ヤマモモ、クヌギ、コナラ及びアラカシの葉、特にクヌギ及びコナラの葉には強いヒスタミン遊離抑制(脱顆粒抑制)作用があり、その作用に基づいて抗アレルギー作用があること、すなわちヤマモモ、クヌギ、コナラ及びアラカシの葉ならびにその抽出物は、即時型(I型)アレルギーに対する抗アレルギー剤として有用であることがわかる。 From this, the leaves of bayberry, kunugi, konara and arakashi have a strong histamine release suppression (degranulation suppression) action especially on the leaves of kunugi and konara, and based on that action, there is an antiallergic action, that is, bayberry, It turns out that the leaves of Kunugi, Quercus and Aracaci and their extracts are useful as antiallergic agents against immediate (type I) allergies.
試験例2
被験植物試料としてヤマモモの葉を用いて、採取場所及び採取時期の相違、新葉及び古葉の別、並びに雌雄の別に基づく抗アレルギー活性の違いを調べた。具体的には、下記のヤマモモの葉について熱水抽出または含水アルコール抽出を行い、得られた抽出物を対象として試験例1に記載する方法に従ってヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性試験を行い、抗アレルギー活性を評価した。
Test example 2
Using bayberry leaves as test plant samples, the differences in the collection location and timing, the difference between new leaves and old leaves, and the difference in anti-allergic activity based on the sexes were examined. Specifically, hot water extraction or hydrous alcohol extraction was performed on the following bayberry leaves, and the hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity test was performed on the obtained extract according to the method described in Test Example 1 to obtain antiallergic activity. Activity was evaluated.
(1)採取場所及び採取時期の相違
(i)島根県八束郡宍道町(島根県東部)の街路樹(雌樹、ヤマモモ)から、3月、7月及び10月に採取したヤマモモの葉(新葉)
(ii)島根県浜田市三階町(島根県西部)の野生種(雌樹、ヤマモモ)から、5月、7月及び10月に採取したヤマモモの葉(新葉)。
(1) Differences in sampling location and timing
(i) Yamabay leaves (new leaves) collected in March, July and October from the roadside tree (female tree, bayberry) in Shinji-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane Prefecture (eastern Shimane Prefecture)
(ii) Bayberry leaves (new leaves) collected in May, July and October from the wild species (female tree, bayberry) of Sankai-cho, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture (western Shimane Prefecture).
(2) 新葉及び古葉の別、並びに雌雄の別
島根県浜田市三階町(島根県西部)の野生種(ヤマモモ雌樹および雄樹)から、6月に採取した下記ヤマモモの葉
(i)ヤマモモの新葉(雌樹由来、雄樹由来)
(ii)ヤマモモの古葉(雌樹由来、雄樹由来)。
(2) New leaves and old leaves, as well as males and females The following bayberry leaves collected in June from wild species (Yamamomo female trees and male trees) in Sankai, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture (western Shimane Prefecture)
(i) New leaves of bayberry (from female and male)
(ii) Wild leaves of bayberry (derived from female tree, derived from male tree).
なお、熱水抽出は、まず被験試料であるヤマモモの葉を凍結乾燥処理した後に粉砕して粉末とし、得られた粉末1gを三角フラスコに入れて、これに蒸留水10mLを添加し、その三角フラスコごと沸騰水中に15分間浸漬することにより行った。熱水抽出後、得られた抽出液を0.45μm孔のメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC社製)を利用して濾過して濾液(抽出液)を採取し、これを熱水抽出物とした。 In the hot water extraction, the bayberry leaves, which are the test sample, are first freeze-dried and then pulverized to give a powder. 1 g of the obtained powder is placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and 10 mL of distilled water is added thereto. The whole flask was immersed in boiling water for 15 minutes. After the hot water extraction, the obtained extract was filtered using a 0.45 μm pore membrane filter (manufactured by ADVANTEC) to collect a filtrate (extract), which was used as a hot water extract.
一方、含水アルコール抽出は、上記と同様に、まず被験試料であるヤマモモの葉を凍結乾燥処理して粉砕した粉末1g(三角フラスコ中)に、80容量%の含水エタノール10mLを添加し、これを室温で一晩浸漬放置することによって行った。含水エタノール抽出後、得られた抽出液を0.45μm孔のメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC社製)を利用して濾過して濾液(抽出液)を採取し、これを含水アルコール抽出物とした。 On the other hand, in the same manner as described above, hydroalcoholic extraction was performed by adding 10 mL of 80% by volume of hydrous ethanol to 1 g (in an Erlenmeyer flask) of pulverized leaves of bayberry, which is a test sample, and pulverizing them. It was performed by leaving it to stand overnight at room temperature. After extraction with hydrous ethanol, the obtained extract was filtered using a 0.45 μm pore membrane filter (manufactured by ADVANTEC) to collect a filtrate (extract), which was used as a hydroalcoholic extract.
採取場所及び採取時期の相違に基づくヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性の相違を評価した結果を図2に示す。なお、図2中、A図は熱水抽出物の結果を、B図は含水アルコール抽出物(80%含水エタノール抽出物)の結果を、それぞれ示す。また、新葉及び古葉、並びに雌雄の別に基づくヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性の相違を評価した結果を図3に示す。なお、図3中、A図は熱水抽出物の結果を、B図は含水アルコール抽出物(80%含水エタノール抽出物)の結果を、それぞれ示す。 FIG. 2 shows the results of evaluating the difference in hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity based on the difference in sampling location and sampling timing. In FIG. 2, A shows the results of the hot water extract, and B shows the results of the hydrous alcohol extract (80% hydrous ethanol extract). Moreover, the result of having evaluated the difference in the hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity based on a new leaf, an old leaf, and the sex separately is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, A shows the results for the hot water extract, and B shows the results for the hydrous alcohol extract (80% hydrous ethanol extract).
図2に示すように、採取場所の相違によるヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性の変動はあまり見られず、いずれのヤマモモの葉にも優れたヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が認められた。採取時期に関しては、一年を通じてヤマモモの葉に優れたヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が認められたが、図2のA及びB図に示されるように、10月に採取したヤマモモの葉に、より強いヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が認められた。このことから秋に葉中のヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が上昇する傾向があることがうかがわれた。また、傾向として新葉よりも古葉のほうに高いヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が認められた(図3)。 As shown in FIG. 2, the hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity was not significantly changed depending on the collection location, and excellent hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity was observed in any bayberry leaves. Regarding the time of collection, excellent hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity was observed in bayberry leaves throughout the year, but as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, bayberry leaves collected in October Stronger hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity was observed. This indicates that the hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity in leaves tends to increase in autumn. Also, as a tendency, hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity was higher in the old leaves than in the new leaves (FIG. 3).
試験例3
被験植物試料としてヤマモモの古葉を用いて、葉の処理方法と抽出方法の相違に基づく抗アレルギー活性の違いを調べた。具体的には、下記の方法で処理したヤマモモの葉抽出物について、試験例1に記載する方法に従ってヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性試験を行い、抗アレルギー活性を評価した。
Test example 3
Using bayberry old leaves as the test plant sample, the difference in antiallergic activity based on the difference between the leaf treatment method and the extraction method was examined. Specifically, a bayberry leaf extract treated by the following method was subjected to a hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity test according to the method described in Test Example 1 to evaluate antiallergic activity.
より詳細には、島根県浜田市三階町(島根県西部)の野生種(ヤマモモ雌樹)から、平成14年8月に採取したヤマモモの古葉(前年以前に発芽成長した葉)を、(i)生葉、(ii)機械乾燥処理区、及び(iii)日陰乾燥処理区に分け、さらに(ii)機械乾燥処理区と(iii)日陰乾燥処理区については各葉試料を、それぞれ(a)蒸し未処理区と(b)蒸し処理区とに分けた。各処理区の試料の処理方法は下記の通りである。 In more detail, the old leaves of bayberry (leaves sprouted before the previous year) collected from August 2002, from the wild species (Yamamomo female tree) of Sankai-cho, Hamada-shi, Shimane (western Shimane) Divided into (i) fresh leaves, (ii) machine-drying treatment zone, and (iii) shade-drying treatment zone, and (ii) machine-drying treatment zone and (iii) shade-drying treatment zone, It was divided into) steamed untreated section and (b) steamed section. The processing method of the sample of each processing section is as follows.
(i)生葉(未処理区):採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、乾燥葉10gに相当する生葉(水分含量52.9%から算出)18.90gに、水または80容量%含水エタノールを各々100g添加し、ミキサーにて十分ホモジナイズした。次いで、このホモジナイズ物10mLを三角フラスコにとり、三角フラスコごと沸騰水中に15分間浸漬して抽出処理を行った。抽出後、得られた抽出液を0.45μm孔のメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC社製)を利用して濾過して濾液(抽出液)を採取し、これを熱水抽出物または含水アルコール抽出物とした。 (i) Fresh leaves (untreated section): After washing the collected leaves with tap water, add 100g each of water or 80 vol% water-containing ethanol to 18.90g fresh leaves equivalent to 10g dry leaves (calculated from water content 52.9%) And homogenized sufficiently with a mixer. Subsequently, 10 mL of this homogenized product was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and the whole Erlenmeyer flask was immersed in boiling water for 15 minutes for extraction treatment. After extraction, the obtained extract was filtered using a 0.45 μm pore membrane filter (manufactured by ADVANTEC) to collect a filtrate (extract), which was used as a hot water extract or a hydrous alcohol extract.
(ii)機械乾燥処理区:採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、(a)蒸し未処理区については機械にて60℃で12時間通風乾燥し、また(b)蒸し処理区については蒸気(110℃)にて1分間、葉を蒸した後に上記と同様に機械にて60℃で12時間通風乾燥した。次いで得られた葉試料をそれぞれ粉砕器で粉砕し、葉粉砕物1g(1試料あたり)について、それぞれ試験例2の方法に従って、熱水抽出処理及び含水アルコール抽出処理(80容量%EtOH抽出処理)を行った。 (ii) Machine-dried area: After the collected leaves are washed with tap water, (a) For the untreated area, the machine is dried by ventilation at 60 ° C for 12 hours. (b) For the steamed area, steam ( The leaves were steamed at 110 ° C. for 1 minute, and then air-dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours in the same manner as above. Next, the obtained leaf samples were each pulverized with a pulverizer, and 1 g (per sample) of the pulverized leaf was subjected to hot water extraction treatment and hydrous alcohol extraction treatment (80 vol% EtOH extraction treatment) according to the method of Test Example 2, respectively. Went.
(iii)日陰乾燥処理区:採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、(a)蒸し未処理区については日陰で3〜4日間干して乾燥し、また(b)蒸し処理区については蒸気(110℃)にて1分間、葉を蒸した後に、上記と同様に日陰で3〜4日間干して乾燥した。次いで得られた葉試料をそれぞれ粉砕器で粉砕し、葉粉砕物1g(1試料あたり)について、それぞれ試験例2の方法に従って、含水アルコール抽出処理(80容量%EtOH抽出処理)を行った。 (iii) Shade-dried section: After the collected leaves are washed with tap water, (a) untreated steamed area is dried in the shade for 3-4 days, and (b) steamed (110 After the leaves were steamed at 1 ° C. for 1 minute, they were dried in the shade for 3 to 4 days and dried as described above. Next, each of the obtained leaf samples was pulverized with a pulverizer, and 1 g (per sample) of the pulverized leaf was subjected to water-containing alcohol extraction treatment (80 vol% EtOH extraction treatment) according to the method of Test Example 2.
結果を図4に示す。図に示すように、生葉試料よりも機械乾燥や日陰乾燥等のように低温〜常温または加温下で時間をかけて乾燥した試料の方が、抽出方法(抽出溶媒)の別に拘わらず、ヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が高いことがわかった。このことから、ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用成分(抗アレルギー作用成分)の抽出には、生葉よりも機械乾燥、日陰乾燥若しくは天日乾燥処理した葉試料、または蒸し処理後に機械乾燥、日陰乾燥若しくは天日乾燥処理した葉試料を使用することが好ましいと考えられた。さらに、図4に示すように、水(熱水)を用いて抽出するよりも、含水アルコール(含水エタノール)を用いて抽出するほうが、格段に高いヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性成分が抽出できることがわかった。 The results are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, samples dried over a long period of time, such as mechanical drying or shade drying, over a long period of time, such as mechanical drying or shade drying, are more effective regardless of the extraction method (extraction solvent). It was found that sosaminidase release inhibitory activity was high. Therefore, for extraction of histamine release inhibitory components (antiallergic components), leaf samples that have been machine-dried, shade-dried or sun-dried than fresh leaves, or machine-dried, shade-dried or sun-dried after steaming It was considered preferable to use treated leaf samples. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, it is possible to extract a much higher hexosaminidase release inhibitory active component by extracting with hydrous alcohol (hydrous ethanol) than extracting with water (hot water). all right.
以上のことから、ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用成分(抗アレルギー作用成分)の抽出には、生葉よりも機械乾燥、日陰乾燥または天日乾燥処理等の乾燥処理を施した葉試料、または蒸し処理後に機械乾燥、日陰乾燥若しくは天日乾燥処理などの乾燥処理を施した葉試料を使用すること、さらに抽出溶媒として熱水よりも含水アルコール(含水エタノール)を用いることが好ましいと考えられる。 Based on the above, for extraction of histamine release inhibitory components (antiallergic components), leaf samples that have been subjected to drying treatment such as mechanical drying, shade drying or sun drying treatment than fresh leaves, or mechanical drying after steaming treatment It is considered preferable to use a leaf sample that has been subjected to a drying treatment such as shade drying or sun drying treatment, and to use a hydrous alcohol (hydrous ethanol) rather than hot water as an extraction solvent.
試験例4
被験植物試料としてヤマモモの新葉を用いて、(1)葉の処理方法と(2)抽出方法の相違に基づく抗アレルギー活性の違いを調べた。具体的には、島根県浜田市三階町(島根県西部)の野生種(ヤマモモ雌樹)から平成14年8月に採取したヤマモモの新葉(当年に発芽成長した葉)を下記の方法で処理し、得られたヤマモモの葉抽出物について、試験例1に記載する方法に従ってヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性試験を行い、抗アレルギー活性を評価した。
Test example 4
Using new leaves of bayberry as a test plant sample, the difference in antiallergic activity based on the difference between (1) leaf treatment method and (2) extraction method was examined. Specifically, the following method is used for new leaves of bayberry (leaved and grown in the current year) collected in August 2002 from wild species (Yamamomo female tree) in Sankai-cho, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture (western Shimane Prefecture) The bayberry leaf extract obtained by the above treatment was subjected to hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity test according to the method described in Test Example 1 to evaluate antiallergic activity.
(1)葉の処理方法の検討
採取したヤマモモの新葉を、(i)生葉(未処理区)、(ii)機械乾燥処理区、及び(iii)日陰乾燥処理区に分け、さらに(ii)機械乾燥処理区については(a)蒸し未処理区、(b)蒸し処理(30秒)区、(c)蒸し処理(1分)区、及び(d)蒸し(1分)+炒り処理区とに、さらに(iii)日陰乾燥処理区については(a)蒸し未処理区、(b)蒸し処理(30秒)区、及び(c)蒸し処理(1分)区とに分けた。
(1) Examination of leaf treatment method The collected new leaves of bayberry are divided into (i) fresh leaves (untreated), (ii) machine-dried treated areas, and (iii) shade-dried treated areas, and (ii) For the machine-drying treatment zone, (a) steaming untreated zone, (b) steaming treatment (30 seconds) zone, (c) steaming treatment (1 minute) zone, and (d) steaming (1 minute) + roasting treatment zone Furthermore, the (iii) shade dry treatment section was divided into (a) unsteamed section, (b) steamed treatment (30 seconds) section, and (c) steamed treatment (1 minute) section.
(i)生葉(未処理区):採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、乾燥葉10gに相当する生葉(水分含量52.9%から算出)18.90gに、水を100g添加し、ミキサーにて十分ホモジナイズした。次いで、このホモジナイズ物10mLを三角フラスコにとり、三角フラスコごと沸騰水中に15分間浸漬して抽出処理を行った。抽出後、得られた抽出液を0.45μm孔のメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC社製)を利用して濾過して濾液(抽出液)を採取し、熱水抽出物とした。 (i) Fresh leaves (untreated section): After washing the collected leaves with tap water, add 100 g of water to 18.90 g of fresh leaves (calculated from water content 52.9%) equivalent to 10 g of dried leaves, and thoroughly homogenize with a mixer did. Subsequently, 10 mL of this homogenized product was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and the whole Erlenmeyer flask was immersed in boiling water for 15 minutes for extraction treatment. After extraction, the obtained extract was filtered using a 0.45 μm pore membrane filter (manufactured by ADVANTEC), and the filtrate (extract) was collected to obtain a hot water extract.
(ii)機械乾燥処理区:採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、(a)蒸し未処理区については機械にて60℃で12時間通風乾燥し、また、(b) 蒸し処理(30秒)区、及び(c)蒸し処理(1分)区については、蒸気(110℃)にてそれぞれ30秒間及び1分間、葉を蒸した後に、さらに(d)蒸し(1分)+炒り処理区については蒸気(110℃)にて1分間、葉を蒸し、次いで170℃程度で5分間程度焙煎した後に、上記と同様に機械にて60℃で12時間通風乾燥した。次いで得られた葉試料をそれぞれ粉砕器で粉砕し、葉粉砕物1g(1試料あたり)について、それぞれ試験例2の方法に従って、熱水抽出処理を行った。 (ii) Machine-dried section: After the collected leaves are washed with tap water, (a) For steamed untreated sections, the machine is dried by ventilation at 60 ° C for 12 hours. (b) Steamed (30 seconds) About ward and (c) steaming treatment (1 minute) ward, steam (110 degrees Celsius) for 30 seconds and 1 minute respectively, and then (d) steaming (1 minute) + roasting treatment ward After steaming the leaves with steam (110 ° C) for 1 minute and then roasting at about 170 ° C for about 5 minutes, they were dried by ventilation at 60 ° C for 12 hours in the same manner as above. Next, each of the obtained leaf samples was pulverized with a pulverizer, and 1 g (per sample) of the pulverized leaf was subjected to hot water extraction treatment according to the method of Test Example 2, respectively.
(iii)日陰乾燥処理区:採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、(a)蒸し未処理区については日陰で3〜4日間干して乾燥し、また、(b) 蒸し処理(30秒)区、及び(c)蒸し処理(1分)区については蒸気(110℃)にてそれぞれ30秒間及び1分間、葉を蒸した後に、上記と同様に日陰で3〜4日間干して乾燥した。次いで得られた葉試料をそれぞれ粉砕器で粉砕し、葉粉砕物1g(1試料あたり)について、それぞれ試験例2の方法に従って、熱水抽出処理を行った。 (iii) Shade-dried section: After the collected leaves are washed with tap water, (a) For steamed untreated sections, dry in the shade for 3-4 days, and (b) Steamed (30 seconds) section And (c) Steaming treatment (1 minute) The leaves were steamed with steam (110 ° C.) for 30 seconds and 1 minute, respectively, dried in the shade for 3 to 4 days and dried as described above. Next, each of the obtained leaf samples was pulverized with a pulverizer, and 1 g (per sample) of the pulverized leaf was subjected to hot water extraction treatment according to the method of Test Example 2, respectively.
結果を図5に示す。図に示すように、試験例3で古葉について得られた結果と同様に、生葉試料よりも機械乾燥や日陰乾燥等のように低温〜常温または加温下で時間をかけて乾燥した試料の方が、ヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が高いことがわかった。さらに、炒り処理を組み合わせた試料の方が、ヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が高いことがわかった。これらのことから、ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用成分(抗アレルギー作用成分)の抽出には、生葉よりも機械乾燥、日陰乾燥または天日乾燥処理等の乾燥処理をするか、若しくは蒸してから機械乾燥、日陰乾燥または天日乾燥処理等の乾燥処理を施した葉試料、並びに乾燥処理後に更に炒り処理を施した葉試料を用いることが好ましいと考えられる。 The results are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, similar to the result obtained for the old leaves in Test Example 3, the sample dried over time from low to normal temperature or under warming, such as mechanical drying or shade drying, than the fresh leaf sample. It was found that hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity was higher. Furthermore, it was found that the sample combined with the roasting treatment had higher hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity. For these reasons, histamine release inhibitory components (antiallergic components) are extracted from fresh leaves by mechanical drying, shade drying or sun drying treatment, or steamed and then machine drying, shade It is considered preferable to use a leaf sample that has been subjected to a drying treatment such as drying or sun drying, and a leaf sample that has been further fried after the drying treatment.
(2)抽出方法の検討
採取したヤマモモの新葉を、(i)生葉(未処理区)、及び(ii)日陰乾燥処理区に分け、さらに(iii)日陰乾燥処理区については(a)蒸し処理(30秒)区、及び(b)蒸し処理(1分)区とに分けた。
(2) Examination of the extraction method The collected new leaves of bayberry are divided into (i) fresh leaves (untreated) and (ii) shade-dried treatment, and (iii) steam-dried treatment (a) steamed It was divided into a treatment (30 seconds) group and a (b) steaming treatment (1 minute) group.
(i)生葉(未処理区):採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、乾燥葉10gに相当する生葉(水分含量52.9%から算出)18.90gに、水または80容量%含水エタノールを各々100g添加し、ミキサーにて十分ホモジナイズした。次いで、このホモジナイズ物10mLを三角フラスコにとり、三角フラスコごと沸騰水中に15分間浸漬して抽出処理を行った。抽出後、得られた抽出液を0.45μm孔のメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC社製)を利用して濾過して濾液(抽出液)を採取し、これを熱水抽出物または含水アルコール抽出物とした。 (i) Fresh leaves (untreated section): After washing the collected leaves with tap water, add 100g each of water or 80 vol% water-containing ethanol to 18.90g fresh leaves equivalent to 10g dry leaves (calculated from water content 52.9%) And homogenized sufficiently with a mixer. Subsequently, 10 mL of this homogenized product was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, and the whole Erlenmeyer flask was immersed in boiling water for 15 minutes for extraction treatment. After extraction, the obtained extract was filtered using a 0.45 μm pore membrane filter (manufactured by ADVANTEC) to collect a filtrate (extract), which was used as a hot water extract or a hydrous alcohol extract.
(ii)日陰乾燥処理区:採取した葉を水道水で洗浄後、(a)蒸し処理(30秒)区については、蒸気(110℃)にて30秒間、(b)蒸し処理(1分)区については、蒸気(110℃)にて1分間、葉を蒸し、次いで日陰で3〜4日間干して乾燥した。次いで得られた葉試料をそれぞれ粉砕器で粉砕し、葉粉砕物1g(1試料あたり)について、それぞれ試験例2の方法に従って、熱水抽出処理及び含水アルコール抽出処理(80容量%EtOH抽出処理)を行った。 (ii) Shade-dried section: After washing the collected leaves with tap water, (a) Steaming (30 seconds), 30 seconds with steam (110 ° C), (b) Steaming (1 minute) The ward was steamed for 1 minute in steam (110 ° C.) and then dried in the shade for 3-4 days to dry. Next, the obtained leaf samples were each pulverized with a pulverizer, and 1 g (per sample) of the pulverized leaf was subjected to hot water extraction treatment and hydrous alcohol extraction treatment (80% by volume EtOH extraction treatment) according to the method of Test Example 2, respectively. Went.
結果を図6に示す。図6に示すように、試験例3で古葉について得られた結果と同様に、生葉試料よりも蒸し処理後に日陰乾燥した試料の方が、ヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性が高いことがわかった。この傾向は、熱水抽出処理の場合も、含水アルコール抽出処理の場合も、いずれも同じであったが、図に示すように、日陰乾燥処理した葉試料の場合、水(熱水)を用いて抽出するよりも、含水アルコール(含水エタノール)を用いて抽出するほうが、格段に高いヘキソサミニダーゼ遊離阻害活性成分が抽出できることがわかった。 The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, similarly to the results obtained for the old leaves in Test Example 3, it was found that the sample dried in the shade after the steaming treatment had higher hexosaminidase release inhibitory activity than the fresh leaf sample. . This trend was the same for both the hot water extraction process and the hydrous alcohol extraction process. However, as shown in the figure, in the case of a leaf sample that was shade-dried, water (hot water) was used. It was found that extraction with water-containing alcohol (water-containing ethanol) can extract a much higher hexosaminidase release inhibitory active component than extraction with water-containing alcohol.
これらのことから、ヒスタミン遊離抑制作用成分(抗アレルギー作用成分)の抽出には、生葉よりも蒸し処理後に機械乾燥、日陰乾燥または天日乾燥処理等の乾燥処理を施した葉試料を用いることが好ましく、さらに抽出溶媒として熱水よりも含水アルコール(含水エタノール)を用いることが好ましいと考えられる。 For these reasons, leaf samples that have been subjected to drying treatment such as mechanical drying, shade drying, or sun drying treatment after steaming are used to extract histamine release inhibitory components (antiallergic components). It is preferable to use hydrous alcohol (hydrous ethanol) rather than hot water as the extraction solvent.
製造例1
採取したヤマモモの葉(新葉)を水道水で洗浄後、蒸気(110℃)にて30秒間、葉を蒸した後に、機械にて60℃で12時間通風乾燥した。次いで得られた葉試料をそれぞれ粉砕器で粉砕し、葉粉砕物100gを取得した。次いで、得られた葉100gに対して、80容量%エタノール水溶液1000mLを添加し、これを室温で一晩浸漬放置することにより抽出処理を行った。抽出後、0.45μm孔のメンブランフィルター(ADVANTEC社製)を利用して濾過して、濾液(抽出液)を採取し、これをヤマモモの葉の含水アルコール抽出物(葉抽出物)とした。
Production Example 1
The collected bayberry leaves (new leaves) were washed with tap water, steamed with steam (110 ° C) for 30 seconds, and then dried by ventilation at 60 ° C for 12 hours with a machine. Next, each of the obtained leaf samples was pulverized with a pulverizer to obtain 100 g of pulverized leaves. Next, 1000 mL of an 80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution was added to 100 g of the obtained leaves, and this was subjected to extraction treatment by leaving it to stand overnight at room temperature. After extraction, filtration was performed using a 0.45 μm pore membrane filter (manufactured by ADVANTEC) to collect a filtrate (extract), which was used as a hydroalcoholic extract of bayberry leaves (leaf extract).
製造例2〜4
製造例1において、ヤマモモの葉(新葉)に代えて、アラカシの葉(新葉)、クヌギの葉(新葉)、またはコナラの葉(新葉)を用いて、同様にして処理して、アラカシの葉の含水アルコール抽出物(製造例2)、クヌギの葉の含水アルコール抽出物(製造例3)、コナラの葉の含水アルコール抽出物(製造例4)を調製した。
Production Examples 2 to 4
In Production Example 1, in place of bayberry leaves (new leaves), Arakashi leaves (new leaves), Kunugi leaves (new leaves), or Quercus leaves (new leaves) were treated in the same manner. A hydrous alcohol extract of Arakasi leaves (Production Example 2), a hydrous alcohol extract of Kunugi leaves (Production Example 3), and a hydrous alcohol extract of Quercus leaves (Production Example 4) were prepared.
処方例
(例1) キャンディー
下記に示す処方に従って、キャンディーを作成する。具体的には、砂糖、水飴及び水を混合して150℃で加熱溶解し、120℃に冷却後、残りの成分を添加し、攪拌均一化した後、成形冷却し、キャンディーを得る。
Formulation Example (Example 1) Candy According to the formulation shown below, candy is prepared. Specifically, sugar, starch syrup, and water are mixed and heated and dissolved at 150 ° C., cooled to 120 ° C., the remaining components are added, and the mixture is stirred and homogenized, and then molded and cooled to obtain a candy.
砂 糖 120.0 (g)
水 飴 100.0
クエン酸 4.0
香 料 0.4
葉抽出物(製造例1〜4) 0.1
水 残 部
合 計 200.0 g。
Sand sugar 120.0 (g)
Minamata 100.0
Citric acid 4.0
Perfume 0.4
Leaf extract (Production Examples 1 to 4) 0.1
Water balance
Total 200.0 g.
(例2) ビスケット
下記処方の成分を混合し、所望の形に成形した後、焼成してビスケットを得る。
(Example 2) Biscuit The components of the following formulation are mixed, formed into a desired shape, and then fired to obtain a biscuit.
強力粉 100.0 (g)
薄力粉 30.0
上白糖 40.0
ショートニング 100.0
重曹 0.6
全脂粉乳 4.0
葉抽出物(製造例1〜4) 1.0
水 残 部
合 計 300.0 g。
Powerful powder 100.0 (g)
Soft flour 30.0
Super white sugar 40.0
Shortening 100.0
Baking soda 0.6
Whole milk powder 4.0
Leaf extract (Production Examples 1-4) 1.0
Water balance
Total 300.0 g.
(例3) チューインガム
下記処方に従って、ガムベースに残りの成分を添加し、攪拌均一化してチューインガムを得る。
(Example 3) Chewing gum According to the following prescription, the remaining ingredients are added to the gum base, and the mixture is stirred and homogenized to obtain a chewing gum.
ガムベース 100.0 (g)
クエン酸 1.0
香 料 1.0
葉抽出物(製造例1〜4) 0.1
合 計 2002.1 g。
Gum base 100.0 (g)
Citric acid 1.0
Perfume 1.0
Leaf extract (Production Examples 1 to 4) 0.1
Total 2002.1 g.
前述するように、ヤマモモ、アラカシ、クヌギ、及びコナラの葉は、肥満細胞からのヒスタミンの遊離を抑制する成分を多く含んでいる。従って、これらの葉またはその抽出物を有効成分とする本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、ヒスタミンが遊離されて起こるアトピー性皮膚炎、気管支喘息、花粉症などの即時型アレルギー疾患の予防並びにその諸症状の緩和軽減に有効に利用することができる。具体的には、本発明の抗アレルギー剤は、これらの即時型アレルギー疾患の予防並びにその諸症状の緩和軽減を目的として、広くに食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、日用品(雑品)等の製品として、またはその素材として有効に用いることができる。 As described above, leaves of bayberry, arakashi, kunugi, and quercus contain many components that suppress the release of histamine from mast cells. Therefore, the antiallergic agent of the present invention comprising these leaves or an extract thereof as an active ingredient is used to prevent immediate allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, and hay fever caused by the release of histamine and various symptoms thereof. It can be used effectively for mitigation and mitigation. Specifically, the anti-allergic agent of the present invention is widely used in products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, daily necessities (miscellaneous goods) for the purpose of preventing these immediate allergic diseases and alleviating and reducing their symptoms. Or can be effectively used as a material thereof.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004098648A JP2005281220A (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2004-03-30 | Antiallergic agents derived from plants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004098648A JP2005281220A (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2004-03-30 | Antiallergic agents derived from plants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005281220A true JP2005281220A (en) | 2005-10-13 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004098648A Withdrawn JP2005281220A (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2004-03-30 | Antiallergic agents derived from plants |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2005281220A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013018726A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-31 | Kao Corp | Vascular endothelial cell/leukocyte adhesion inhibitor |
| CN119033806A (en) * | 2024-08-22 | 2024-11-29 | 浙江大学 | Application of waxberry polysaccharide with anti-pneumonia activity in anti-pneumonia |
| KR102823047B1 (en) * | 2024-06-26 | 2025-06-23 | 대한민국 | Composition for preventing, improving, or treating mite-induced skin inflammation containing extract of Quercus glauca or a fraction thereof |
-
2004
- 2004-03-30 JP JP2004098648A patent/JP2005281220A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013018726A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-31 | Kao Corp | Vascular endothelial cell/leukocyte adhesion inhibitor |
| KR102823047B1 (en) * | 2024-06-26 | 2025-06-23 | 대한민국 | Composition for preventing, improving, or treating mite-induced skin inflammation containing extract of Quercus glauca or a fraction thereof |
| CN119033806A (en) * | 2024-08-22 | 2024-11-29 | 浙江大学 | Application of waxberry polysaccharide with anti-pneumonia activity in anti-pneumonia |
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