JP2005281184A - Plant shelf life improver - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant shelf life improving agent that improves the water retention of a plant rhizosphere by giving a slight osmotic pressure to the root of the plant and improves the shelf life without suppressing the growth of the root part.
An aqueous solution containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of organic acids, inorganic acids and metal salts of these acids, wherein the osmotic pressure of the aqueous solution is 0.05 MPa to 0. It shall be in the range of 50 MPa.

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant shelf life improving agent.

  Conventionally, raising seedlings such as flowers and vegetable seedlings were mainly produced by individual farmers. In recent years, with the modernization of agriculture and the aging of farmers, a pot seedling system centered on cell trays has been established, and seedling production has shifted to agricultural cooperatives, farmers' groups and seedling producers. And now that stable supply of seedlings has become possible, the division of labor between seedling production and subsequent cultivation is rapidly progressing.

  However, the division of labor in seedling production has a problem that the seedling needs to be stored because the planting is delayed unless the field work proceeds as planned due to environmental conditions such as bad weather.

  In addition, seedling sales that support gardening will spend several days at supermarkets and retail outlets if sales do not proceed as planned. In this case, the manager tries to maintain the seedlings to be sold by irrigation several times a day, but the seedlings are usually grown and weakened by that.

  Furthermore, the number of general households who enjoy gardening has increased, and it has become desirable to be able to easily manage the plants planted in garden trees, flower pots, and planters.For example, when watering in the summer is reduced or watering is not possible due to travel or work reasons It is hoped that the life of the plant will be extended.

  Several methods for solving these problems are disclosed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-166380 discloses a method of forming a water retention gel with an anionic water-soluble polymer and a metal salt, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 8-134447 and 10-14423 disclose high-viscosity organic polymers. A method of gelling an aqueous solution to form a water-retaining gel, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-309804 discloses a method of combining abscisic acid, chitosan and a natural polymer, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-262680, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-262682. Discloses a method of forming a water-retaining gel by neutralizing an alkali silicate.

  Also, a method of filling a water-absorbing polymer packed in a flower pot (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-127192), or providing a sealed tank at the bottom of a seedling pot to fill with an organic polymer containing water (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. A method of continuously supplying water for a long period of time by using a water retaining material filled with an organic polymer such as 9-248066 is also disclosed.

Furthermore, JP 2002-356678 A discloses a water retention agent for plants using a combination of sugars and surfactants.
JP 2000-166380 A JP-A-8-134447 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-14423 JP-A-9-309804 JP 2002-262680 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-262681 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-127192 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-248066 JP 2002-356678 A

  However, the use of these high-viscosity organic polymers, water-retaining gels or water-retaining materials may not always be preferable for maintaining the freshness of plants. For example, a method using a high-viscosity organic polymer, a water-retaining gel, or a water-retaining material has the effect of easing the movement of moisture and improving the water retention, but the root part tends to be excessively humid for plants. In such a case, water flow is hindered, and oxygen supply to the rhizosphere is restricted, preventing normal breathing. When this happens, the enzyme action of the root cell changes, and in particular, the redox potential of the cortical cells decreases, and at the root part, tissue necrosis and cell wall lignification are promoted. As a result, the roots stop growing, the absorption of moisture and nutrients is hindered, the growth of the above-ground parts is suppressed, and the yellowing of the stems and leaves starting from the tip of the leaf blades appears. When the redox potential is further lowered and the rhizosphere is reduced to −400 mV or less, ferrous oxide is detected in the soil, and hydrogen sulfide is also generated. When such a situation is reached, the root portion turns brown, and the above-ground portion loses its vitality.

  In addition, high viscosity organic polymer may have poor workability due to its adhesiveness, or may be difficult to dispose of the water retaining gel or water retaining material that has finished its role, and it is not necessarily said that its use is excellent.

  In addition, abscisic acid disclosed in JP-A-9-309804 has a pore closing action, and by closing the pores, transpiration of moisture in the plant body can be suppressed, and plant atrophy can be prevented. However, it has a plant growth inhibitory action that antagonizes other plant hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, etc., and cancels these actions, so that its use is cautious. When abscisic acid is applied to the rhizosphere of a plant, a growth disorder may occur when it is used at 10 ppm or more. In addition, when sugars are used, attention must be paid to the occurrence of mold and bacteria after application.

  As a result of diligent research to solve these problems, the inventors of the present invention have carried out water retention in the plant rhizosphere by applying slight osmotic stress to the plant with an aqueous solution of an organic acid, an inorganic acid and a metal salt thereof. It has been found that the shelf life can be improved without suppressing the growth of roots, and the present invention has been achieved. Furthermore, it has been found that particularly favorable results can be obtained when the range of osmotic stress is defined by osmotic pressure.

  That is, the plant shelf-life improving agent of the present invention is an aqueous solution containing one or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of organic acids, inorganic acids, and metal salts thereof, Is in the range of 0.05 MPa to 0.50 MPa (claim 1).

  The plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention may further contain an oxidizing agent having a standard oxidation-reduction potential in the range of 0 mV to +800 mV (Claim 2).

  Examples of the organic acid include amino acids such as glycine and alanine, formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, nicotinic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, alginic acid, sorbine One or more selected from the group consisting of an acid and benzoic acid can be used (Claim 3).

  Inorganic acids include carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid, metaboric acid, trimetaboric acid, hypoboric acid, cyanic acid, isocyanic acid, thunder acid, peroxonitric acid, nitrous acid, peroxonitrous acid, nitroxylic acid, hyponitrous acid, pyrophosphoric acid , Triphosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, trimetaphosphoric acid, tetrametaphosphoric acid, peroxomonophosphoric acid, peroxodiphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, pyrophosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, phosphinic acid, pyrosulfuric acid, peroxomonosulfuric acid, One kind or two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of peroxodisulfuric acid, thiosulfuric acid, dithionic acid, sulfurous acid, pyrosulfurous acid, thiosulfurous acid, dithionic acid, and sulfoxylic acid can be used.

  Further, as the metal salt of the organic acid or inorganic acid, one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, and zinc salt can be used. ).

  As the oxidizing agent, one or more selected from the group consisting of copper chloride, copper nitrate, ferric chloride, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, quinones, and vitamin C can be used. ).

  The plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention preferably has a pH in the range of 4 to 9 (claim 7).

  The plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention can be a concentrated solution obtained by concentrating more than 1 time (claim 8).

  According to the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention, by imparting a slight osmotic stress to the plant, it is possible to improve the water retention of the plant rhizosphere and improve the shelf life without suppressing root growth. it can. Further, when the amount of water evaporation is small due to environmental factors such as low temperature, the shelf life can be improved by further containing an oxidizing agent.

  The osmotic pressure of the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention is in the range of 0.05 MPa to 0.50 MPa, preferably in the range of 0.10 MPa to 0.45 MPa. By giving such a slight osmotic stress to plants, the water retention of the plant rhizosphere is improved, and the plant shelf life is improved.

  When the osmotic pressure is less than 0.05 MPa, the effect of improving the shelf life cannot be obtained as compared with the case of irrigation with water. Further, when the osmotic pressure exceeds 0.50 MPa, for example, an organic acid salt or an inorganic acid salt excessively flows into the plant body, resulting in phytotoxicity.

  In order to set the osmotic pressure of the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention to 0.05 MPa to 0.50 MPa, the following organic acids, inorganic acids and metal salts thereof are used. In addition, if the osmotic pressure is within this range, the plant shelf-life improving agent of the present invention can be used as a low-viscosity water-soluble polymer or resin emulsion, lower alcohol, surfactant, preservative, agricultural chemical, fertilizer, plant vitality agent. Etc. can be contained as appropriate.

  Examples of the organic acid used in the present invention include various amino acids such as glycine and alanine, formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, nicotinic acid, salicylic acid, absidine Examples include acids, alginic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid and the like. These concentrations are preferably about 0.1 ppm to 10000 ppm (1% by weight). Among them, it is more preferable to use a preservative such as glycine, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid that induces systemic acquired resistance, or abscisic acid having a pore closing action.

  Examples of inorganic acids used in the present invention include carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid, metaboric acid, trimetaboric acid, hypoboric acid, cyanic acid, isocyanic acid, thunderic acid, peroxonitric acid, nitrous acid, peroxonitrous acid, nitroxylic acid, hyponitrous acid. , Pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, trimetaphosphoric acid, tetrametaphosphoric acid, peroxomonophosphoric acid, peroxodiphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, pyrophosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, phosphinic acid, pyrosulfuric acid, peroxo Examples thereof include monosulfuric acid, peroxodisulfuric acid, thiosulfuric acid, dithionic acid, sulfurous acid, pyrosulfurous acid, thiosulfurous acid, dithionic acid, and sulfoxylic acid. These concentrations are preferably about 0.1 ppm to 10000 ppm (1% by weight).

  Examples of the metal salt used in the present invention include sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, and zinc salt. Preferably, a metal salt of the above organic acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid is used. These concentrations are preferably about 0.1 ppm to 10000 ppm (1% by weight).

  An oxidizing agent having a standard oxidation-reduction potential of 0 mV to +800 mV can be further added to the shelf life improving agent of the present invention. In particular, it is preferable to add an oxidant in a situation where evaporation of moisture hardly occurs due to environmental factors such as low temperature. Examples of such oxidizing agents include copper chloride, copper nitrate, ferric chloride, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, quinones, vitamin C and the like, and their concentrations are 0.1 ppm to 10000 ppm (1 wt%). ) Degree is preferred. A substance having a standard oxidation-reduction potential of less than 0 mV is not used because it can be a reducing agent when the pH is, for example, 7 or more. Also, an oxidizing agent exceeding +800 mV is not used because the plant is subject to some growth inhibition when applied to the plant.

  The pH of the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention is preferably 4 to 9 which does not hinder growth. However, the oxidation-reduction potential varies depending on the pH, and for example, it may work as a reducing agent on the alkali side, so that it is more preferably 4-7.

  As the pH adjuster, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, the above organic acid or inorganic acid can be used.

  The plant shelf-life improving agent of the present invention may be applied to leaves and flowers, and can be appropriately sprayed with foliar spray, sprinkling from the top with watering, etc., in the case of potted plants, bottom irrigation, etc. There is no limit to the method.

  The soil to which the plant shelf life improver of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a soil capable of cultivating plants, and is particularly prominent in soils that contain a lot of sand, reki, etc. that are easy to dry. The effect is demonstrated.

  When the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention is applied to a potted plant, the pot is not particularly limited. For example, an unglazed pot, a plastic pot or a cell tray, a planter, or a paper tube pot connected with a pot. For example, a nursery box with a shallow bottom.

  There are no particular restrictions on the plant to which the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention is applied, for example, vegetables such as tomato, cucumber, cabbage, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, onion, strawberry, etc., crops such as rice, sugar beet, pansy, petunia And other plants, foliage plants such as Dracaena and Toranooran, lawn seedlings, fruit trees and trees for planting.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Example 1]
The plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention is prepared by preparing an aqueous solution so that sorbic acid is 20 ppm, glycine is 0.3 wt%, and sodium chloride is 0.4 wt%, and the pH is adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide. Got. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer (permeation type osmometer OM-160 Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.) after adjusting the pH. The osmotic pressure at this time was 0.45 MPa.

[Example 2]
Preparation of an aqueous solution so that sodium salicylate is 10 ppm, succinic acid is 0.3 wt%, and sodium chloride is 0.3 wt%, and the pH of the plant of the present invention is improved by adjusting the pH to 7 with potassium hydroxide. An agent was obtained. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.25 MPa.

[Example 3]
An aqueous solution was prepared so that sorbic acid was 20 ppm and sodium chloride was 0.1% by weight, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide to obtain the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.08 MPa.

[Comparative Example 1]
Distilled water (pH 6) was used instead of the shelf life improver of the present invention.

[Comparative Example 2]
An aqueous solution was prepared so that sorbic acid was 20 ppm and sodium chloride was 0.05% by weight, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide to obtain a comparative solution. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.04 MPa.

[Comparative Example 3]
An aqueous solution having a pH of 7 was prepared so that sorbic acid was 20 ppm and sodium chloride was 0.6% by weight, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide to obtain a comparative solution. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.54 MPa.

[Comparative Example 4]
An aqueous solution was prepared (pH 6) so that water glass (sodium silicate No. 3 specified in JIS K 1408) was 2.5% by weight and citric acid was 0.55% by weight, and a water retention gel for comparison was obtained. It was.

[Test Example 1]
Using the treatment solutions of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, a plant growth test was performed under the following conditions and methods.

Test place Acrylic greenhouse test plant Takii seedling culture (made by Takii Seed and Seed Co., Ltd.) and mountain sand mixed with 8: 2 pansy (3 pot) and viola (3 pot) just before flowering
Test method Pot seedlings were once irrigated at the bottom to keep the water content constant and then dried without watering for about 2 days. The seedlings with a constant water content were again irrigated with the treatment liquid, and each pot seedling was allowed to absorb 100 g of the treatment liquid. Then, the presence or absence of wilt and the presence or absence of phytotoxicity were observed without watering, and the state of the seedlings by each treatment was evaluated by visual observation when Comparative Example 1 was deflated. The temperature during this period was 20 to 35 ° C.

Test evaluation Evaluation of wilting 5: No wilting (with leaf tension) 4: Light wilting (no leaf tension) 3: Withering (plant collapsed) 2: Withered wilting (with leaves There is an atrophic part and does not recover), 1: Evaluation of phytotoxicity due to chemical damage (leaves) ○: None, △: Yellowness of leaf blades, ×: Evaluation of phytotoxicity with leaf blade wilt (root) ○: None , △: Slow root elongation, ×: Root browning

[Example 4]
The plant of the present invention is prepared by preparing an aqueous solution so that sorbic acid is 20 ppm, abscisic acid is 2 ppm, citric acid is 0.2%, and potassium chloride is 0.5%, and the pH is adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide. The shelf life improver was obtained. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.42 MPa.

[Example 5]
Prepare an aqueous solution so that sorbic acid is 20 ppm, abscisic acid is 2 ppm, citric acid is 0.2%, potassium chloride is 0.5%, and vitamin C is 500 ppm, and the pH is adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide. Thus, the plant shelf life improving agent of the present invention was obtained. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.43 MPa.

[Comparative Example 5]
Distilled water (pH 6) was used instead of the shelf life improver of the present invention.

[Comparative Example 6]
An aqueous solution was prepared so that sorbic acid was 20 ppm and abscisic acid was 2 ppm, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide to obtain a comparative solution. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.00 MPa.

[Comparative Example 7]
An aqueous solution was prepared so that sorbic acid was 20 ppm and potassium chloride was 0.8%, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with potassium hydroxide to obtain a comparative solution. The osmotic pressure was measured with an osmometer after adjusting the pH, and the osmotic pressure at this time was 0.55 MPa.

[Test Example 2]
Using the treatment solutions of Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Examples 5, 6, and 7, the plant growth test was performed under the following conditions and methods.

Test place Acrylic greenhouse test plant Takii seedling culture (made by Takii Seedling Co., Ltd.) Pansy (No. 3 pot) and Viola (No. 3 pot) just before flowering
Test method Pot seedlings are once irrigated at the bottom to keep the water content constant and then dried without watering for about 2 days. The seedlings with a constant water content were again irrigated with the treatment liquid, and each pot seedling was allowed to absorb 100 g of the treatment liquid. Then, the presence or absence of wilt and the presence or absence of phytotoxicity were observed without watering, and the state of the seedlings by each treatment was evaluated by visual observation when Comparative Example 1 was deflated. The temperature during this period was 10 to 20 ° C.

Test evaluation Evaluation of wilting 5: No wilting (with leaf tension) 4: Light wilting (no leaf tension) 3: Withering (plant collapsed) 2: Withered wilting (with leaves There is an atrophic part and does not recover), 1: Evaluation of phytotoxicity due to chemical damage (leaves) ○: None, △: Yellowness of leaf blades, ×: Evaluation of phytotoxicity with leaf blade wilt (root) ○: None , △: Slow root elongation, ×: Root browning

The plant shelf-life improving agent of the present invention is used to improve the shelf-life of various plants, and is particularly useful for improving the storage properties of seedlings before planting.

Claims (8)

  An aqueous solution containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of organic acids, inorganic acids and their metal salts, wherein the osmotic pressure of the aqueous solution is in the range of 0.05 MPa to 0.50 MPa. A plant shelf life improving agent characterized by being.   The plant shelf life improving agent according to claim 1, further comprising an oxidizing agent having a standard oxidation-reduction potential in a range of 0 mV to +800 mV.   The organic acid is an amino acid such as glycine or alanine, formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, nicotinic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, alginic acid, sorbic acid The plant shelf life improving agent according to claim 1 or 2, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid and benzoic acid.   The inorganic acid is carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid, metaboric acid, trimetaboric acid, hypoboric acid, cyanic acid, isocyanic acid, thunder acid, peroxonitric acid, nitrous acid, peroxonitrous acid, nitroxylic acid, hyponitrous acid, pyrophosphoric acid, three Phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, trimetaphosphoric acid, tetrametaphosphoric acid, peroxomonophosphoric acid, peroxodiphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, pyrophosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, phosphinic acid, pyrosulfuric acid, peroxomonosulfuric acid, peroxodiphosphoric acid It is one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, thiosulfuric acid, dithionic acid, sulfurous acid, pyrosulfurous acid, thiosulfurous acid, dithionic acid, and sulfoxylic acid. The plant shelf life improving agent according to any one of the above.   2. The metal salt of the organic acid or inorganic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, and zinc salt. The plant shelf life improving agent according to any one of -4.   The oxidizing agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of copper chloride, copper nitrate, ferric chloride, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, quinones, and vitamin C. Item 5. The plant shelf life improving agent according to any one of Items 2 to 5.   The plant shelf life improving agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pH is in the range of 4-9. The plant shelf life improving agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is a concentrated solution obtained by concentrating more than 1 time.