JP2005111261A - Environment setting method and apparatus, and information for environment setting - Google Patents

Abstract

An environment setting method and apparatus that can be realized in a more comfortable environment for humans than in the prior art and information for environment setting are provided.
A means for setting a rainforest-type environment based on the activation characteristics of a human brain core for rainforest-type environment information is arranged in an urban space, a living space, or other space that is a living space. The space is set to a substantially rainforest environment, and the human brain core is activated to realize an environment that is friendly to the human brain. The rainforest type environmental information has a higher density and higher complexity than the urban space type environmental information, and includes at least one of auditory information, visual information, and super-perception information of air vibration. . An environment that is friendly to the human brain is an environment that is comfortable and free from excessive stress for humans. Furthermore, the rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by stress by realizing an environment friendly to the human brain.
[Selection] Figure 18

Description

  The present invention relates to an environment setting method and apparatus for reproducing a city in order to realize a comfortable environment for human beings, and information for environment setting.

  Conventionally, the inventors have disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4 that “micro time in a second frequency range having a frequency in the first frequency range up to a predetermined maximum frequency exceeding the audible frequency range and exceeding 10 kHz. A non-stationary sound that changes in a region is generated, and a sound in the audible frequency range of the sound is applied to human hearing, and a frequency range that exceeds the audible frequency range of the sound is included. Proposed sound generation method and apparatus characterized by increasing human cerebral blood flow by applying sound to humans, thereby providing a hypersonic effect and human tension When you can relax a human. Therefore, stress is relieved, the comfort of the heart can be increased, and the body health is well maintained.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 209274, Japanese Patent Publication. Japanese utility model publication No. 022749 in 1995. Japanese Patent Publication No. 313610. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003 223174. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003177744. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003195856.

  However, simply generating the sounds proposed in Patent Documents 3 and 4 does not always provide a comfortable environment for humans, and is not a fundamental solution. .

  The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide an environment setting method and apparatus capable of realizing a space including a city space, a living space, and a living space in a more comfortable environment for humans than in the prior art. And providing information for setting the environment.

  An environment setting method according to a first aspect of the present invention is a method for setting a rainforest-type environment based on the activation characteristics of a human brain core for rainforest-type environment information, among urban space, living space, and living space. By arranging in a predetermined space including at least one of the above, the space is substantially set to a rainforest type environment, and the human brain backbone is activated to realize an environment friendly to the human brain. And

  In the environment setting method, the rainforest environment information has a higher density and higher complexity than the urban space environment information. Here, the rainforest environment information includes at least one of auditory information, visual information, and super-perception information of air vibration. The rainforest environment information is super sensory information that is sensory information composed of perceptible information and information exceeding the perceptual limit. Here, the setting means reproduces the rainforest environment information using at least one of a plurality of speakers arranged by a matrix coordination method and a visual information presentation device. To do. The environment friendly to the human brain is an environment that is comfortable for humans and free from excessive stress. Furthermore, the rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by stress by realizing an environment that is gentle to the human brain.

  An environment setting device according to a second aspect of the present invention provides a means for setting a rainforest-type environment based on the activation characteristics of a human brain core for rainforest-type environment information, among urban space, living space, and living space. By arranging in a predetermined space including at least one of the above, the space is substantially set to a rainforest type environment, and the human brain backbone is activated to realize an environment friendly to the human brain. And

  In the environment setting apparatus, the rainforest environment information has a higher density and higher complexity than the urban space environment information. Here, the rainforest environment information includes at least one of auditory information, visual information, and super-perception information of air vibration. The rainforest environment information is super sensory information that is sensory information composed of perceptible information and information exceeding the perceptual limit. Here, the setting means reproduces the rainforest environment information using at least one of a plurality of speakers arranged by a matrix coordination method and a visual information presentation device. To do. The environment friendly to the human brain is an environment that is comfortable for humans and free from excessive stress. Furthermore, the rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by stress by realizing an environment that is gentle to the human brain.

  The information for setting the environment according to the third invention includes means for setting the rainforest-type environment based on the activation characteristics of the human brain core with respect to the rainforest-type environment information, urban space, living space, and living space. By arranging in a predetermined space including at least one of the above, the space is substantially set to a rainforest type environment, and the human brain backbone is activated to realize an environment friendly to the human brain. It is characterized by that.

  In the information for setting the environment, the rainforest environment information has a higher density and higher complexity than the city space environment information. Here, the rainforest environment information includes at least one of auditory information, visual information, and super-perception information of air vibration. The rainforest environment information is super sensory information that is sensory information composed of perceptible information and information exceeding the perceptual limit. Here, the setting means reproduces the rainforest environment information using at least one of a plurality of speakers arranged by a matrix coordination method and a visual information presentation device. To do. The environment friendly to the human brain is an environment that is comfortable for humans and free from excessive stress. Furthermore, the rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by stress by realizing an environment that is gentle to the human brain.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, means for setting the rainforest type environment based on the activation characteristics of the human brain backbone for the rainforest type environment information is at least one of the urban space, the living space, and the living space. By arranging in a predetermined space including two, the space is set substantially in a rainforest environment, and the human brain core is activated to realize an environment friendly to the human brain. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the space can be realized in a more comfortable environment for humans. As a result, it is possible to greatly reduce human stress in the space, further enhance the comfort of the mind, and maintain good body health. In addition, the above rainforest environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as modern diseases caused by stress by realizing an environment friendly to the human brain. Can prevent and treat diseases.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Refer to the drawings for embodiments of “sound and civilization” relating to an environment setting method and apparatus and information for environment setting according to the present invention, specifically, an urban reproduction method and apparatus and information for urban reproduction. To explain. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same component.

<1> Introduction.
Just as essential nutrients such as vitamins exist in the world of substances, there are essential factors that are essential for living in the information world. The book was born on the star, the first book to tell the truth. Using the discoverers' arms as a shake.

  The grand material civilization built on the earth of science and technology civilization, more precisely, the stage of information civilization has sprung from the stage of material and energy civilization, and it is growing at a tremendous momentum. These two stages seem to be connected smoothly and seem to have no boundaries, as shown by computer science and communication technology.

  So is this view so trustworthy that we deserve it? In fact, as you change the viewing position and angle, between the two civilization stages, a mysterious fault that is torn between the maturity of the material civilization and the germination of the information civilization appears everywhere. . In particular, the difference seen in the relationship between human survival and the environment is even shocking.

  Our civilization as a material civilization is a search for a huge variety of chemicals that must be taken from the environment in order for humans to live, the essential nutrients. RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowance (according to the National Academy of Sciences) has set tremendously precise standards to take more than 2 million parts per person per day. There is no way to see the ultimate figure of a civilization that has developed and refined.

  On the other hand, what about the information environment?

  Looking at the sounds of the theme here, some of the governments and public organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the central authority that governs the health and hygiene of the Earth's human beings, are the sounds necessary for survival. Don't hear the example of setting standards for quality and quantity. On the contrary, even the evidence of taking an attitude to consider this cannot be recognized. Rather, it should be said that “the existence of sound-or information-essential for human survival”, that is, the concept of “essential information”, is still in the stage before it is formed.

This philosophical level of recognition is in the stage of material civilization before the concept of essential nutrients such as vitamins is formed. It must be traced back to the time when steam engines appeared around the 17th and 8th centuries when they started using citrus fruits to prevent scurvy. In other words, the current stage of information civilization may still remain in an immature stage comparable to the dawn of material civilization in terms of sound recognition and thought.

  Of course, if it is proved that there is no inconvenience for human survival even if there is no sound, it will be a problem even if it is a loose and biased attitude to the sound environment of this civilization Not worth it.

  However, when we re-established our own system and developed a new method based on the direction that is not inferior to the precision and reliability of modern material civilization, we reconsidered the relationship between sound and people more precisely. An unimaginable astonishing fact emerged that destroyed the existing concept.

  To put it simply, the information of sound had a powerful and complex approach to our human traps and hearts, much like substances.

  Let's take a specific topic and invite it to a small book. Our civilization has learned from the beginning of the 20th century that vitamins and environmental chemicals can have a life-threatening effect, even if they are insignificantly traceable or colorless, tasteless and odorless, Based on that, we are trying to arrange the material environment even in a very small area beyond our perception.

  However, with regard to the environment of sound, for example, about half of the perceivable frequency range should be measured across all academic, health and public administrations, in other words, about half of what is perceived should be ignored. He still lives in a simple and optimistic situation. Will future generations condemn the current state of the stage of information civilization as something that is not different from untold and envy?

  In this regard, the present inventors mobilized various sciences that bridge material civilization and information civilization, including information environment science and brain science, and tried to approach with a different strategy, and came to discover the surprising truth. It was.

  Among the beautiful and pleasant natural sounds collected by the present inventors from all over the earth by new means, it is not uncommon to have super high frequency components that are many times higher than the upper frequency limit that humans can hear as sounds. In addition, the inventors' own experiments have revealed that the activity of the brain trunk, including the brain stem, thalamus, and hypothalamus, is clearly increased by sounds containing such non-perceptual components.

  The brain core and the neural network based on it are the centers that control our minds and traps, and the effectiveness of the non-perceptual ultrahigh frequency components that activate them is the same as vitamins and trace elements seen at the substance level. is there. On the other hand, it was also found that if this activator is deficient due to changes in the sound environment due to urbanization, the activity of the brain's core cannot be reduced. It can lead to serious obstacles to our mind and body, such as lack of essential nutrients. In fact, it is closely suspected to be related to the pathology of civilizations that threaten modern society, such as lifestyle-related diseases, psychosomatic disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, and developmental disorders.

  However, these findings also mean that we have the prospect of being freed from the pathology of civilization by reconstructing a sound environment blessed with essential information. Depicting the perspective of Hundred Flowers is nothing but the theme of a small book.

  However, prior to this, the present inventors limited the information world to “perceivable areas” and extracted only explicit information of linguistic symbolism from them to give citizenship the modern times of the Rene-Descartes style. We must plan to leave our idea. Here too, you can see the prospects of the Manhana Rebellion. This is another important subject of the book.

  In this way, the inventors' willingness to bring the sound environment into a beautiful and pleasant original form overcomes the limitations of modern civilization itself and equates to pioneering a new civilization. It is.

<2> Search for brain-friendly sounds.

<2-1> Recombination of sound science.
<2-1-1> Capture sound in the history of civilization.
1. From ancient Greek philosophy and Chinese music to modern and modern musicology, acoustics, music therapy and soundscapes, humanity has accumulated a tremendous amount of wisdom, knowledge and techniques about sound. The current sound science, technology, and art at the top of the line are powerful enough to seem almost universal, especially when they are tied up with science and engineering. However, nonetheless, they are not necessarily functioning properly in elucidating and solving the serious problems we face today, sound and people and the environment. If we look closely at the actual situation, we should not seem to be forced to reexamine the framework itself that approaches sound, people and the environment.

  A very familiar and very basic example is the publicly used measure to determine whether the sound in the environment is suitable for humans, the noise level (the volume of the sound Let's examine the function of the physical scale dBA.) Using a device called a sound level meter to measure the noise level in a modern city, silence begins to be lost when the meter scale reaches about 45 dBA, and when it exceeds 50 dBA, discomfort is felt by most people. . Incidentally, these urban noises not only cause psychological incompatibility, but also lead to disturbed living and negative human effects. Therefore, in our society, the size of environmental sound is regulated by creating laws (environmental standards, etc.) (Fig. 1). This contributes as an almost indispensable tool to protect people living in modern cities from the effects of negative sound.

However, when we actually investigated the urban environment of paddy field farming in Monsoon Asia and the forests where hunter-gatherers still live in rainy tropical areas, It was completely different from the sound. There, the scale of the sound level meter not only keeps pointing to the base line around 50 dBA in a quiet village, and around 60 dBA in an exhilarating forest. The scale can easily jump up to 70 dBA. Nevertheless, the sense of sensibility keeps a sense of silence, and comfort does not relax. When the environmental sound of a typical rainforest is viewed as an average value (equivalent noise level), the value often exceeds ₆₀ dBL _Aeq and often exceeds ₇₀ dBL _Aeq .

  What will happen if we compare the sound of these villages and forests with the current noise regulation values? The sound of a quiet village and the sound of a refreshing forest are judged to be too high as the noise level exceeds the allowable limit, and are restricted from one end. In other words, the noise scales we use today and the sound regulations based on them are certainly valid for environmental sounds in exceptionally special modern cities in the history of mankind over millions of years. On the other hand, it does not work at all for the sounds of villages and forests, which are far more common environmental sounds in human history.

  Despite these limitations as to why they exist, current noise scales and regulatory values have never been set randomly. On the contrary, a vast amount of research and research and measurement / evaluation technologies that are at the forefront of the times are infused into the academic system. In addition, the legitimacy and validity of the standards have been examined through a lot of debate when setting standards with legal enforceability. So why was this inconsistent state led to this?

  The background of this is that the relationship between sound and human beings has been captured by all humankind, and from the original lifestyle to the cutting-edge urban space within the same field of view, the attitude of approaching them to life science was rare. It will be asked for. On the contrary, this situation is led by treating the urban environment at the end of modern civilization, which is only one line of human history, and the responses of human beings in the same way as human standards. It is. Such an attitude may be too short-circuited in terms of human history and life science.

  These limitations at the root of the idea lead to another serious problem with a subtle potential. That is to say, while the regulations on noise so far prescribe the upper limit for the volume of sound fairly precisely, there is no mention of the lower limit, and it is left to the delegation in both name and reality. Not limited to this case, there is almost no exception in the knowledge related to the current sound environment, and it neglects the possibility of incompatibility between the “soundless” environment and humans. However, the danger of an environment without sound is not inferior to that in a noisy environment, even in view of the fact that sensory blockage and brainwashing procedures that eliminate the sound cause serious obstacles to the functioning of the brain. .

  It should be pointed out that the same problem lies not only in the viewpoint of the “quantity” of sound such as <noise level>, but also in the understanding of “quality”. ISO (International Organization for Standardization), one of the most prestigious standardization organizations in the international community, once classified noise by paying attention to the sound source, that is, the structure of sound, or “quality” ( Figure 2). It has a very interesting content. First, human compatibility between sounds that are often felt negative, such as the sound of a car or air hammer, and sounds that can often be felt positive, such as the sound of a wave or waterfall. There is no distinction taking into account. In addition, there is no specific mention of the sound of trees and the sound of insects, which would have occupied the largest area in the human history of sound experience. In addition, the list of “general environmental sounds” that will include all of them, is listed in this table, so that the sound that can be given a negative evaluation is infinitely wide. Rather, it has a context in which almost every sound is placed in the garden of judgment. On the other hand, even if you try to assume a sound that is not listed in this table and will not be excluded, it is not easy to think of it.

  In order to be faithful to the context of such provisions, the sound that is positively recognized for its existence and allowed to resonate unconditionally is limited to a portion of the artifact "word and music" All other sounds do not have a positive reason for existence but have negative effects. What I have to be particularly wary of is the context related to the sounds of modern civilizations, and the sounds other than words and music are `` so good that the existence is unnecessary, there is no problem even if it does not exist at all '' It is possible to understand. There is not only a trace of the idea that the presence of some environmental sound may be essential for the healthy survival of mankind, but also a piece of language suggesting consideration for that possibility cannot be found. . In other words, there is no reminder that “the silent environment may not be good for the habit and mind”, and the problem awareness of the existence and securing of the essential environmental sound is left to the blank.

  2. The way of thinking about sound quality in the attitude of ISO shows the limit of the view of the environment starting from the point of arrival of civilization based on the same as the way of thinking behind the regulation on the amount of sound called the noise level. Yes. All of these can be said to symbolize the sound culture of Western modernity, which greatly regulates modern civilization. In fact, looking at the vast knowledge and technology systems related to the sounds belonging to this cultural lineage, the “sounds with positive existence value” are not limited to the various systems related to speech and music. There is little to see. On the other hand, it is important to note that academic and technical systems for measuring, analyzing, and eliminating sounds other than words and music as “a presence with the negative value of noise” are particularly highly developed. Attract.

  Mari Schaefer's soundscape proposal, which admits the reason for being active in sounds other than words and music, and systematically develops that claim in such a sound culture of Western Europe, is truly This is a milestone. In connection with that, contemporary composer John Cage announced in 1952 “4 min 33 sec” as an attempt to give music value to environmental noise and became one of the guide lines of soundscape thought. Is noteworthy. As is well known, in this “work”, a piano is usually placed on the stage, and when the time comes, the performer appears, sits in front of it, and remains as it is without doing anything for 4 minutes 33 seconds. After leaving, leave. Cage's plan is to let the audience themselves listen to music as an environmental noise formed by the rumors and oppositions made by the audience who were suspicious of the transition of this “no performance” situation. It is. Here, there is an assertion that “environmental sound itself can be music” and that it is intended to discriminate between environmental sound and music, and the validity of one aspect cannot be denied.

  Schaefer built the concept of soundscape based on this cage concept. He has also pioneered a major path to breaking the so-called Western-style sound culture saying that “If it is not music, it is not sound”. The soundscape system and activities have been developing from the 20th to the 21st centuries, and it is almost the only base that can compete with the classic philosophy of “Language Advantage” and “Absolute Music” and social forces behind it. It also has important value in terms of building it. In many ways, what we should expect from this trend cannot be measured.

  It should be noted here that cages and Schaefer have set functions, effects, and values as “musical” or “equal to music” for environmental sounds. Already in the cage, under the slogan “Music is a sound”, the aspect of endlessly enlarging the scale of music was already seen. If such an attitude is lumped and the sound environment is positioned as an area of music, there is a risk that the customer will fall. This is because human sound perception itself is basically environmental perception, and if there is music perception, it will only form a subsystem that occupies part of the perception of sound environment. It should be noted that Cage's philosophy was inherited fairly linearly in Schaefer and its soundscape.

  It must be regretted that the basic idea of soundscape including this, that is, the paradigm, does not fit well with the new sound science paradigm that we are developing. Some of these disagreements will not be impossible to achieve good harmony in the future. However, as the scientific philosopher Thomas Kuhn, who advocated the modern paradigm concept itself, points out in his main book, “Structure of the Scientific Revolution” 7, there is a big “impossibility of communication” between different paradigms. The groove is lying. Therefore, if our sound science tries to stand up to the current soundscape paradigm, the paradigm gap adjustment or overcoming is required as the first step, and so much time and energy is spent first. There must be.

  The main structures unique to soundscapes that are concerned about the occurrence of this gap are the attitudes and values that make up environmental recognition, including the attitude described above, which attempts to position the sound environment in the music plate. Modern knowledge or the near future based on the absence of effective life science tools such as molecular biology, evolutionary biology, brain science, etc. The limit of the activity as knowledge is mentioned.

  There is no doubt that the current trend of soundscape is almost the only hope star at this point in revising the relationship between sound, people and the environment. However, in the dimension of the paradigm, it is extremely difficult to establish a base for the basic idea of sound science of the present inventors. Rather, the inventors themselves establish an independent paradigm suitable for their own sound science, and open the doors to other paradigms to avoid symbiosis and avoid conflicts. It must be more productive.

  Therefore, a new approach that can be convinced by the present inventors to practically demonstrate the minimum effectiveness necessary for the inventors themselves, although it is indefinitely poor and unskilled compared to the existing dignified system. I decided to assemble the framework by hand.

<2-1-2> Examine the framework of environmental studies.
1. The sound science that the present inventors are now building will be referred to as <Sound ecology>. In this framework of knowledge, sound is regarded as the ultimate messenger from the environment and researched. In order to create such a framework, we extract not only effective knowledge from various systems related to sound, people and the environment, but also recombination, review more fundamental ideas and values themselves, and recombine. The work to produce knowledge and methodology that has never existed is indispensable. By integrating them, we will be able to proceed more reliably to build a new system.

  Sound environmental studies must be both sound studies and environmental studies. Therefore, special consideration is required in building the framework. As a matter of fact, there are often serious contradictions and conflicts that are linked to heavy historical and cultural backgrounds between being environmental studies and modern Western studies. In order to lead them in harmony, it is unavoidable to rethink ideas and values related to the basic structure of academics, and to construct a new intellectual framework. Therefore, the background of the actual situation where the knowledge and ideas of Western Europe, where the present inventors depend, often reveals the incongruity that can be said to be essentially essential with the object of the environment. I want to review it again.

  René Descartes, the ancestor of modern philosophy, criticized Scholasticism at the time, which was so effective that it became synonymous with bothersomeness and useless debate, and was clarified, that is, an obvious and confusing argument for everyone. I tried to establish a new system of knowledge that I could really trust, based on knowledge that has no room for truth. In this process, Descartes first found the absolute certainty of knowledge, and based on that basis, tried to systematize knowledge using objective and strict logic such as mathematical scientific procedures.

  As is well known, he begins with a thorough suspicion of all knowledge dubbed “methodological skepticism”, and the existence of the suspicious spirit itself cannot be questioned, and the consciousness, that is, the mind that can be realized. Was recognized as the first certain entity. In addition, the spatial extension of the object that can be grasped by extension or consciousness and can be measured three-dimensionally was recognized as a second reliable entity that exists objectively. Furthermore, the extension was made the substance nature, and a dualism was established to separate and recognize the spirit and the substance as independent entities. This dualism gives a part of Western European modern knowledge a characteristic that should be called "obvious knowledge", and has developed a tremendous development of the elucidation and control of the material world, and a great foundation for flowering modern science and technology civilization. Needless to say, it has become.

  On the other hand, Cartesian knowledge structures and their applications began to expose various limitations, especially from the second half of the 20th century. Global environmental problems must be one of the most serious manifestations. Beside to increase until the ultimate operability with respect to modern science and technology nature, truncation and the subtle non-verbal structure in consciousness, if it was not to be endlessly accelerated the fragmentation of disciplines with a self-closure and the single function of In this case, the current global environmental problems were probably not led.

  As another less conspicuous cause of global environmental problems, I think we can point out the problem of “confusion of the environment” based on the fact that Cartesian dualism was not always properly operated by its successors. . Before discussing the problems of the Cartesian knowledge structure itself, I would like to touch on this problem, which is probably related to the constitution of Western civilization.

  One important source of this confusion is the way of thinking symbolized by “Departure from Consciousness” based on the famous cogito ergo sum that was built by Descartes to approach the spiritual world. It seems that it is in a place that casts a shadow on environmental awareness. In the idea space, which was transferred from Descartes to Immanuel Kant and Edmont Husserl and amplified to the so-called transcendental philosophy, the mind function that can be perceived by oneself, that is, the consciousness of the ego, was placed at the origin. , The space of knowledge and information is concentrically formed around it. In this space, the area extending outside of itself is the “environment”. If this is understood by the framework of “subject and environment”, the subject has priority rather than overwhelmingly. Because in this system there is “I think”, there can be an environment around it, and if “I” does not “I think” or “I” does not “exist”, then the environment also exists. No. It is very similar to the scheme in which a magnetic field is formed around a magnet only once. Such an environmental concept could be referred to as an “ego-inducing environment” concept.

  In the knowledge space configured by such cosmology, naturally, the vicinity of the stance point of the self is likely to be the apex of the information density, and the information density decreases as the distance from the apex increases. As can be seen in the biased perception of noise given above as an example, the existing Western European view of modern environment is generally in this position. Many of the academic systems built on this fundamental nature inevitably occupy a large part of the vision of the self, its region and society, and culture, especially when it is civilized. The density of is concentrated. On the other hand, regions, societies, cultures, or living species that are separated from them, and human beings other than human beings, as well as living things other than human beings, inevitably become difficult to see, and the continuity between them is also in mind. As the distance from the stance point increases, the information density decreases as it is virtually equal to nothing. The resulting knowledge space tends to fall into an unbalanced information structure with a non-negligible distance from the environment entity.

  Here, if we return to the origin of Cartesian thinking, this way of thinking should have been a way of thinking when approaching purely mental things that are assumed to exist independently of matter within the individual. is there. In other words, it is hard to say that it was established as a procedure for the material world that extends outside the individual. By the way, the noise scale set by modern science and technology with the wisdom is effective only in an urban space that is exceptionally specialized in human history, and it can function normally if it is separated from it. I mentioned earlier that there is no example. There may be a great reflection of the limits of the view of the environment, which failed to put on Cartesian dualism.

  Because, if you think carefully, Descartes should have prepared another environmental concept different from the ego-inducible view of the environment. In other words, it is a concept that functions in the domain of “substance immediate extension” that is set to exist independently of the “spirit” centered on individual consciousness. It makes it possible to stand in a position where the environment exists a priori, independent of the presence or absence of the ego and its contents. Perhaps that is the attitude of African Mubuti people who are said to convey the original lifestyle of Homo sapiens sapiens to the present, and the ecological beliefs (animism) that are widely seen in monsoon Asia. First of all, it can be said that this is the most simple and universal view of the environment in terms of human history. Apart from whether or not the parties are aware of the environment, let's consider the environment as an ecosystem, and position humanity and the self that is a member of it as a module or element that constitutes this system. Basically, the environmental view can also be applied to this framework. Such an environmental view can be distinguished from an ego-inducible environmental concept as a concept of “ecologic environment” and will be effective. It is easy to harmonize with the new view of the environment that is being rebuilt with global environmental problems.

  Based on this recognition, the environment is essentially nothing but an autonomously defined by its own structure and function against the background of its own evolutionary history. Therefore, it cannot be defined a posteriori by any particular ego being, or by the society or culture that is the set of such egos. In other words, in this idea, the environment is overwhelmingly superior within the framework of “subject-environment”, whether or not “I” is “I think” and whether “I” is “existing”. Regardless of whether or not, the environment exists as harsh.

  A line of sight suitable for viewing the environment in this way must be able to obtain a more faithful mapping of the entity that is now manifesting and transitioning. First of all, it seeks a viewpoint that is independent of the observer's stance point and does not bias the entire environment. Species that can't respond to it will be the target of drought. From this point of view, it may be difficult in principle to set a rational viewpoint in the coordinate space where the Cartesian consciousness that the Cartesian has constructed for the spiritual world of introspection is located at the origin.

  The global environmental problem we are currently encountering is an incident in the realm of “substance extension immediately”. There is no evidence to support that appropriate control can be established under the control of ego-inducible views of the environment. Rather, the history of civilization in modern times is strongly suggesting the suspicion that the modern ego is the root cause of the destruction of the global environment, and unless it is liberated from independent control and tyranny of this value, the current view of the environment is required. It is extremely difficult to build properly.

  As a background to the fact that setting an appropriate perspective for viewing the environment is difficult to achieve, we should look at the influence of the cultural constitution before the study as well as Western European modern philosophy and thought. Looking at Western civilization from the outside, a unique way of thinking about how to perceive the relationship between the individual that has flowed in Western Europe since ancient Rome and the whole (system composed of individual elements) I can see. Its content is an ego-inspired cosmology with consciousness at the origin, and a value system that “priorizes the self over the system to which it belongs”.

  System scientist von Bertharanfi said in his main book "General System Theory" that "the system is a set of elements under interaction" and "the whole system exceeds the sum of the parts." " It is nothing other than self-contradiction in itself that an element that forms a part of a system with such a property dominates the whole. As for the social system, in principle, it is not loose.

  Of course, this principle should be applied to non-separate social environments with remarkable artificiality, ranging from ancient empires that diverge ignoring the optimal herd size set for human genes to modern-day national state systems. It is often not possible, and the dismantling and rebuilding of the system itself can often be justified. However, it is not reasonable to argue that human beings generally perceive a recognition specialized in a highly adaptive social structure that deviates from its originality. On the other hand, in the general lifestyle of mankind that is integrated with the ecosystem in the background of the natural nature including the sedentary society, between the whole and the human individual as an element belonging to it, If an individual can dominate the whole system, it will be limited to very specific exceptions.

  In this regard, it is noticed that the culture of the Western world, which has been regarded as a culture since ancient times, has been increasingly developed as an ideology since modern times. In particular, in a society with a culture where the value system of individual priority represented by the United States, etc., which is based on the idea that the nation was serving individuals, has an enlarged culture, it often tends to turn into a situation where anti-environment is dominated. It is important to note that this value system has reached the stage where it is almost completely skeletal in the current Western European culture, in which human beings and the society to which they belong more than the global environment. Moreover, the unique idea that oneself is more dominant than anything else tends to be perceived as if it were a universal rule and a standard of humankind.

  In reality, however, such an idea per se or a society where it is publicly supported and advocated is neither universal nor standard for humanity. Rather, many traditional cultures, including hunting and gathering societies that have occupied the overwhelming majority of humankind, have contrasting ideas. In terms of human history, the most common is a society with an idea method and a value system that places the environment at the top, then positions humans and their societies, and individuals as subordinates. It should be noted the background that society has been deceived.

  By the way, the view of the universe and the value system that puts individuals above the environment are, for example, the present time when the global environmental problem became apparent from the era of liberal dismissalism led by Adam Smith's Theory of National wealth From the viewpoint of the history of humanity, after having left it to proliferate in an instant that is equal to the moment, it has already clearly become a dead end. It is not a standard in terms of the whole human culture over the past and present, it is not a large number, but rather it is an unusual local transient phenomenon and is a promising candidate for acupuncture. right. At the same time, this anti-ecological view of the universe and the value system, which are deeply suspected of falling due to the general rules of Earth life and the nature of humanity, is very big for Western civilizations and modern civilizations formed immediately below them. And don't miss the Achilles tendon, which may be fatal.

  2. When we touch on some of the issues related to the Cartesian modern knowledge structure itself, the first thing to be noticed is the tremendous limitation of the approach to non-linguistic information. The Cartesian philosophy laid the foundation for making strong use of the abilities of rational logic thinking, which is blessed with humankind, in an effective state, and within its range, to the guardian deity of truth and justice. It has become. However, there is a limit to its range, and if you target systems that have semantic structures that cannot be translated into linguistic symbols or information structures that cannot be processed by finite logic operations, you will suddenly lose your magic. As one aspect of it, at least so far, the fact that Cartesian clarity is realized only in the domain of consciousness has led to serious problems. It is based on the fact that knowledge information being processed in the human brain is effectively limited to language systems, that is, information having a articulated structure configured as a one-dimensional symbol string.

  Orthodox members of Descartes and his successor, modern civilizations, through a phenomenal approach to discontinuous and discrete information with articulated structures created from language and symbols. We have advanced the processing means, accumulated the results, and built a magnificent system of obvious knowledge. It deserves unlimited praise. On the other hand, it recognizes and controls non-linguistic (non-symbol non-joint) information, that is, information with symbolic structure and especially concrete structure, which dominates the message that comes to us from the environment. The activity to do never developed like that for linguistic information. Rather, they can be said to have been abandoned and forgotten in practice, and have reached the present level while being debilitated.

  This bias has had a strong effect not only on the natural information environment but also on the social and cultural information environment in general. As a result, for example, the tacit knowledge of scientific thinker Michael Polanyi, and the “intuition knowledge”, “experience knowledge”, “insight knowledge”, and “traditional knowledge” that would constitute it, were deprived of citizenship of non-verbal information activity. And leave it to decline. Needless to say, this tendency is also reflected in the culture of sound. As will be described in detail later, the recognition of non-linguistic sound information was led to a state of being almost blank, and linguistic sound. It leads to problems at the level of human history, showing an overly dense response to information and extreme poverty. These facts simply tell us that the control of the obvious world is inseparable from the control of the implicit world.

  Another serious problem related to the modern-day knowledge structure that originated from Cartesian is the divergence between academic, technical, and art, starting from the division of the spiritual world and the material world based on dualism, and their subdivision, that is, specialized differentiation. Can be mentioned. Entering into the 20th century, as “the way of life with academics” that depends on the field of specialization begins to spread, Max Weber stresses that he is “confined in a specialized shell”, self-blocking and becoming monofunctional The mouth is highly recommended. Here are some excerpts from his lecture “Study as a profession”.

  “The pride that we have actually completed some academic work today can only be realized by being closed to our own specialization… a kind of terrible work that violates the territory of the adjacent area. The people who can't wear eye-catching leather from the so-called haze are the people who are far from studying first. ”(Translated by Kunio Otaka)

  Since then, history has changed this idea of Weber into a social wisdom, and the humanity of the 20th century, whose activity has been amplified, has blossomed a science and technology civilization.

  Indeed, the effectiveness of advanced specialization is remarkable. However, the effect reached its peak at the stage where the traditional society that is not monofunctional continues and specialization was introduced and the old and new activities formed a multi-layered structure. It must be noted that it has a mechanism to propagate white space. This is because at the stage where the activity of tradition and specialization becomes a multi-layered structure, the people who have undergone professional education themselves usually have a lot of traditional multi-functional and super-specialty as their constitution. In addition, traditional individuals and social systems with super-professional and fluid activity remain in the surrounding areas. For this reason, the gaps between fields, which are attributes of highly specialized fields, and incompatibilities with interaction systems, etc., are sufficiently covered by the activity of such traditions, so it is not easy to manifest themselves and lead to failure. What should not be overlooked here is that what is essentially a synergistic effect of tradition and specialization is misunderstood as an effect of specialization and overestimated. However, with the progress of specialization, while the monofunctionalization and self-occlusion of specialized fields and specialists deepen, the residual concentration of traditional super-professional activity will endlessly decrease. In this way, when society is replaced by a single-function professional activity, the limitations and deficiencies of professional functions that can never be perfect are in particular non-verbal experiential areas such as “inheritance of tradition” and “ ”And so on. At that time, the traditional super-professional problem-handling activity has already disappeared, so it will be inevitable to fill in the cracks and voids.

  In particular, the phenomena that can be grasped by the concept of environment cannot originally be isolated or closed systems that are independent of each other, and are accompanied by complex relationships between various things, with almost no exception. Moreover, many of these connections must be prepared to implicitly lurk in an unknown world that spans the blank areas between disciplines. Even if you try to apply such things to one of the current subdivisions, it's difficult to get rid of the fate of losing or cutting out essential factors and interactions. The present inventors are looking at the typical ending in the global environmental problems that the 20th century has invited.

  Special care must be taken in creating an academic system that targets the phenomenon of the environment, which in principle involves a high degree of specialized differentiation and incompatible properties. Using the existing specialized field as a material, leading to a new system from the self-movement of the academic itself The conventional way of forming a knowledge domain alone is not betrayed by the reality of the environment and life, betrayed History shows that there are many cases. Rather, we start with the specific environmental problems that we face in real life, and re-arrange the existing knowledge and methodologies so that they fit exactly, and create new ones that still satisfy the remaining gaps. It can be expected that the method of giving the answer to will be highly effective both in principle and in performance.

  However, it goes without saying that this approach is difficult to achieve if it relies on the highly fragmented specialized fields that dominate the modern era, fusing them together and creating a new knowledge structure from near zero. There is no way to avoid creating it. By accumulating such efforts and using them as resources, we will be able to build a framework that is suitable for academic studies that deal with the environment by performing a sufficiently appropriate configuration work from a high level.

  3. The environmental science of sound that is being newly constructed is nothing but the study of the message from the environment, the messenger carrying it, and its recipients. Focusing on the attributes of information and its transmission, and its acceptance and response, sound environmental studies can be positioned as an area of more general information environmental studies. Information environment science has already been systematized and applied to some extent, and fruits that support its effectiveness have begun to accumulate. It is already demonstrating the inherent effectiveness of a new construction procedure that overcomes the limitations of past professional studies, even though it is still at an early and experimental stage.

  It is most natural to introduce and utilize various conceptual tools, methods, work hypotheses, etc. in sound environmental studies, including a framework as a discipline that has accumulated and demonstrated achievements in information environmental studies. This is a reasonable starting point for building a new framework of knowledge, and there are not many in terms of efficiency, certainty, and safety. At the same time, it makes sound environmental science a strong hierarchical structure that links information environmental science directly to the foundation of general environmental science through it. As a result, sound environmental studies can be a paradigm that combines a reliable basic structure with a wide range of flexible applications.

  Focusing on these matters, the present inventors decided to construct a framework for sound environmental studies on the basis of information environmental studies that was previously systematized.

<2-1-3> A paradigm of sound environmental studies.
1. <Sound ecology> is based on information environment science and is growing up as a system that comprehensively captures sound, people and the environment from the three dimensions of materials, energy, and information, and studies them. It is a certain study.

  This system is based on a Cartesian modern knowledge structure that has been trying to separate the two objects by limiting the object to the two dimensions of substance (extension) and spirit (consciousness) Draw a line. For this reason, environmental science of sound does not adopt a specialized differentiation system with monofunctionalization and self-blocking, which are attributes of modern and contemporary studies. At the same time, we will evade the modern Western bias that has deepened the divergence from non-linguistic non-symbolic implicit information while immersing in explicit information of linguistic symbolism. In this way, we aim to realize a “bridge between things and mind”.

  In order to make these resonate reliably, the environmental science of sound integrates information and materials from the information environment science that became its mother's origin into a knowledge space that uses both informatics and molecular biology as both coordinate axes. Inheriting the framework of the thought that became. At the same time, the concepts of <life> and <information> to be incorporated into this framework are inherited from the information environment science as follows.

  First, <life> is defined as "an automaton that can replicate and evolve itself." At this time, Earth life, one of the specific manifestations, is a chemical life composed of molecules, and all the elementary processes of the Earth's life phenomenon proceed without exception as chemical reactions at the molecular level. Pay attention to what you do. As a result, a foundation for bridging material and information can be laid.

  Next, we limited the scope of <information> as a conceptual tool used by sound environmental studies to "life phenomena and related areas", and then changed them to "time that could cause some kind of reaction to life." It is defined as “scientific concept related to spatial structure (pattern)”. Regarding the life phenomenon of the earth to which this information concept is applied, some molecular biological phenomenon is assumed behind it, at least in accordance with the philosophy. It will effectively block the arbitrary walk of information concept, and will contribute to improving the reliability of sound environmental studies as it improves.

  2. The environmental science of sound is based on life science related to sound, people and the environment. Among the vast species that make up earth life, humanity is indeed a species with a unique activity. However, the fact that human beings are first living before being human beings cannot be ignored. When considering the environment of the ecosystem, it is essential to understand human beings in continuity with other organisms, and it is most effective.

  Molecular biology plays an important role as the most basic one in the area of sound environment that is particularly important in the expanding life science. Against this background, environmental studies of sound take the position of genetic determinism. At the same time, emphasis is placed on evolutionary biology, brain science, ecology, behavioral biology, and other essential tools.

  Emphasis is placed on historical perspectives on sound and the environment, and the viewpoints of earth history, human history, and civilization history. Among the modern humans who once joined Earth Life, there are Mubuti people who live in the rainforest of central Africa, which is believed to continue to maintain its original style at a high level. Among the group that traced the path to industrialization away, there is a modern Western history that recreated the environment on the scale of earth history and human history, and that the sound environment is not an exception, and it has greatly changed. I came. The Environmental Studies of Sound strives to establish and always secure a viewpoint that can capture the whole picture of the macro transition of the sound environment on a scale of civilization history, human history and earth history. If necessary, we will establish the “Perspective of Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life” as a more macro and neutral viewpoint that transcends these viewpoints.

  Furthermore, emphasis is placed on cultural anthropological aspects related to sound. Traditions of the various cultures that have been developed over time by various peoples are a treasure trove of traditional knowledge. The sense, consciousness, and mode of response to sound have a strong universality of humanity, but the diversity by region, ethnicity, and culture is also remarkable. While keeping all of them in the field of view with as little bias as possible, on the other hand, the uniqueness of each sound culture is considered as clear as possible.

  As a matter of course, as a stance in the cosmology that captures the environment, sound environmentalology is exclusively in an ecological position and does not take an ego-inducible view of the environment.

  3. In the same way as information environment science, sound environment studies take responsibility for the discovery and resolution of problems, and give priority to tackling the real and important issues related to sound, people and the environment. In order to make this effective and reliable, an intelligent system for solving the problem is built in an “input problem-driven” state each time in accordance with the target problem. To go. In this respect as well, the principle is different from a specialized differentiation method for obtaining a routine output by giving a problem to a fixed finite type of problem processing means. In addition, the intellectual excitement and pleasure of problem solving that accompanies such an approach, or intellectual development through self-movement of learning itself, is not denied, but it is a priority. Thinks this fall.

  In sound environmental studies, where priority is given to the discovery and solution of realistic problems, both traditional knowledge and modern knowledge are introduced according to the purpose, and restructured and utilized as much as information environmental studies. As a source of traditional knowledge, not only attach importance to the culture handed down by the peoples of the Earth, but also learn from the origin of humanity to the wisdom of wisdom that begins with the most primitive Earth life, and to provide ideas and verification. And At that time, we fully respect that the essence of the information structure that constitutes traditional knowledge is in the domain of tacit knowledge such as intuition, experience knowledge, and insight, and non-verbality (non-symbol articulation) corresponding to them. We will strive to refine and secure our information processing ability to a high standard. On the other hand, with regard to modern knowledge, the science and technology that should be the strongest problem-solving means gained by life on earth will be in the self-contained medicine basket and will be centered on a strategy that makes effective use of it. At that time, it is important to remember that the clear and well-developed method of modern knowledge that succeeds the Cartesian dressing pot is the “clarification of clarity”. We hope that these will bring the highest level of insight, clarity, reliability, precision, reproducibility, predictability, legitimacy, success, etc. possible to today's humanity.

  In this context, I emphasize the stance of using modern science and technology. The starting point of the critical incompatibility between the sound environment and humans can be considered directly as an industrial revolution. After that, modern science and technology has brought material wealth to a part of mankind, but it has been recognized as a culprit leading to the destruction of the global environment and the devastation of the spiritual world. Nor. There is also a stance to deny or eliminate the science and technology itself about how to deal with this negative legacy of science and technology. However, the present inventors have consistently taken the position that at present, science and technology is the only counter-measure that can be expected to be reliable and effective in order to eliminate the negative effects of science and technology. , Have been measuring its use. I would like to reaffirm that sound environmental studies are no exception.

  Furthermore, the three activities of academic, technical, and art are integrated at a high level, and the attitude is the same. The way to approach the phenomenon that connects sound, people and the environment is open to academic, technical and artistic fields. However, when dealing with real problems, it is rare that a single approach from any one of these three is sufficient. Rather, the desired response in most problems tends to reach a complex structure where the two or three are intimately connected to each other. For this reason, it is not sufficient to simply overcome the subdivision within each of the three regions, and fusion and integration are indispensable among the regions. For example, in non-invasive brain function analysis, acoustics, physiology, and measurement technology are involved, and in the case of Kansei information processing, in addition to these, artisticity, creation of works, and grasping ability of Kansei responses generated by users are also involved. In such a situation, it is inevitable that a serious structure will be induced by the division of the interrelationship between academic, technical and artistic aspects, both positive and negative. In such a case, we will uncover the necessity of dealing with multiple areas that the problem itself requires, including potential ones, and take a comprehensive and comprehensive system that never separates into a single specialty. . To summarize the above, those who are involved in sound environmental studies are required to be not only scholars but also engineers and artists.

  4). As an important strategy for environmental studies of sound, the divergence between the spirit and the substance is fused again with the brain as the head. The fusion of spirit and material again without the ancestors of the ancestors who reversed the evolution of modern knowledge after Descartes has been a desperate task. However, the inventors are in good luck in this regard. The background is the dramatic development of brain science. Taking this situation as an opportunity, we built a stance at the forefront of the Cartesian system of knowledge by reconnecting the mind and matter that have been separated since the Descartes, using the brain functions related to sensibility as a contact.

  First, if you stand on the spirit side, it is almost obvious to modern people that there is a place of mind work in the brain related to beauty and art such as creation and appreciation. This is a simple but strong and universal recognition. As another basis, the present inventors are now able to pioneer a big way to grasp the structure and function of the brain as an information processing device of life from the material science side, and use them at a practical level. It was. Therefore, with these backgrounds, the present inventors set the concept of the mechanism and work of the brain related to beauty and pleasure, that is, the <Sensitive brain>, and pay attention to its structure and function, beauty and pleasure. The approach of studying the mechanism from both theoretical and practical aspects was systematized into a framework called Kansei Science. This setting is often crucial for sound environmental studies.

  However, as a condition for putting this stance into practice, it is necessary to respond to the above-mentioned request that “you must be a scientist and an engineer as well as an artist”. It does not stop within the framework of the academic content itself or the scientific method in a narrow sense, but leads to re-questioning the researcher's code of conduct, motivation and way of life. In fact, how to rationally explain the “link between the spirit and the substance” that is firmly established within the experiences of the present inventors is an issue that was also recognized by Descartes himself, and often the non- The model of the pineal gland, cited as an example of scientificity, is actually a pioneering hypothesis full of good insights in terms of the strategy of linking the mind and matter with the brain as a friend. It may be said that the stance of connecting the mind and the substance through the emotional brain is what is trying to realize Cartesian strategy at the present time.

<2-2> Promised sound environment.
<2-2-1> Town sounds, village sounds, forest sounds.
1. Why do we have to be aware of serious problems with the sound in the environment? Needless to say, this is because the sound environment created by the modern lifestyle derived from history, especially the urban sound environment, is in sharp opposition to human survival. The cause of this conflict is now mainly attributed to urban mechanical noise. There is no doubt in itself, but it is not difficult to imagine that the problem will not be so simple when it comes to the fact that mechanical noise is not enough. Therefore, let's first look at the sound environment of the modern city, the sound of the city, which is the focus of the problem, and reexamine its structure and properties anew while making effective use of various aspects as much as possible. .

  The typical living environment of modern and modern times with a science and technology background can be seen in high-density living spaces in cities. There are various aspects of the sound that are unprecedented in terms of human life as well as the level of earth life. Here, let's take a general look at the changes in the daily environmental sounds experienced by urban dwellers, starting from the morning awakening from sleep. Needless to say, the world of sound that awakens people in the city is extremely diverse. However, a typical example that represents them is an indoor space sealed with concrete and glass. The latest building materials are highly sound-insulating, so many people have an unexpectedly quiet morning. However, if you listen carefully, you will often hear a series of unique sounds without low rumbling and ringing. What kind of <physical structure> does this sound have as air vibrations?

In such a case, a measure that measures the size, which is the simplest physical structure of sound, is used first. How about measuring the loudness of the morning room sound with the international standard noise level? The value varies greatly depending on the location and structure of the building, but when measured in middle- and high-rise buildings using new building materials that represent urban residence in the early 21st century, unless there is a sound source such as air conditioning or TV, The scale of the sound level meter in the room in the early morning is only 20dBL _Aeq . This measured value is actually out of the ordinary. That is probably surprising and perhaps surprising to the acoustic specialist. This is because the value is sufficiently comparable to the level of quiet required for broadcast studios, music halls, hearing test rooms, etc. in architectural design textbooks.

  In this evolutionary history of great apes, including human beings, the habitat environment with such a sound must have hardly existed in the course of eternal life. Even for modern humans, except for advanced living in modern times, the sound environment is close to that unless it is under a special condition such as a highly shielded house such as a cold district, such as indoors closed in snow. It is difficult to meet. For this reason, there are concerns about how far a program that can withstand such a lack of sound is being prepared, even in the vast adaptation of human genes. In fact, even if compared to the conditions of sensory blocking experiments, which were noticed in the context of brainwashing, and the stimulation reduction experiments conducted as a simulation of the information environment in the spacecraft, it is difficult to make a difference in terms of the lack of sound stimulation. . In these experiments, the negative effects on the mind and body are pointed out.

  Let's examine the structure of this faint environmental sound by considering not only the loudness (sound pressure or amplitude) but also the sound components. For this purpose, an excellent method called fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been put into practical use. Therefore, let's draw a time-average frequency power spectrum by analyzing the morning sound in the same room using this FFT. Then, the power of the sound is larger on the left side of the figure, that is, on the lower frequency side, and falls toward the higher frequency side on the right side. The frequency distribution has an upper limit of about 5 kHz, and there is almost no high frequency component beyond that (FIG. 3). In the drawings of the present application, the FFT spectrum and the ME spectrum array are shown, but the FFT spectrum shows a relative level with respect to the frequency, and the ME spectrum array shows the passage of time in addition thereto.

  By the way, the analysis method called FFT can be said to be an analysis method of the property of cutting out the average value of the frequency distribution of the sound per certain time region like a still picture without motion and looking at the cut end. However, this method does not work very well to see how the complex sound structure of environmental sounds and music changes continuously and momentarily. Therefore, the present inventors have developed a new method (ME spectrum array method) for visualizing a state in which the frequency spectrum changes every moment in the micro time domain as a spectrum array. Looking at the morning spectrum of the room's ME spectrum, it can be seen that the spectrum with a undulating shape continues monotonically without any significant change in time (Fig. 4).

  Such an indoor space with poor sound usually changes the sound appearance in a discontinuous and instantaneous manner when electronic media such as television and radio are switched on. Although the amount of sound transmitted from the speaker varies widely and is not uniform, the sound pressure level rises to about 50 to 70 dBA. At the same time, dramatic changes appear in the spectral structure of room sound. The entire spectrum spreads over 10 kHz in the high-frequency region on the right side, and shows some unevenness to some extent, but it is not so many when the upper limit approaches 20 kHz. The ME spectrum array will also show more complex changes (FIGS. 5 and 6).

  If we look at the nature of the sound sent out from electronic media as <information structure>, the main component is language, followed by music, and other sounds play a background role. It has only been fulfilled. A commonality is recognized in that the words and music that play the leading role here are artifacts that have an articulated information structure that is rarely recognized for their full-scale use in animals other than humans. .

  The room sound in the morning where the sound from electronic media spreads out is much less sporadic than words and music. However, this balance changes due to the addition of real sounds from daily activities such as breakfast. There is a pattern that can be heard as a “beautiful” or “noisy” sound in the sound of tableware touching, and these are not as articulated units, but as independent sound modules. Take>. In addition, like the sound of boiling water, information cannot be cut out as symbolic sound particles because the time break is not clear, but the structure of the signal itself directly conveys information. Sounds with a concrete information structure will also appear. Furthermore, when there is a conversation between consumers, an articulated sound called language is added to the real sound.

  As described above, the morning sound environment in the living room, which is the starting point of the day for urban dwellers, is very scarce as a bare characteristic. It is therefore easily dominated by the voices they send with the activation of the electronic media. This change in the sound environment occurs discontinuously as the power switch is turned on, and after that, the sounds of articulation (language music), symbolism and concreteness coexist, but the overwhelming power is Sound information with a concrete structure that is occupied by articulated sound information and completes at the signal level is relatively poor.

  As a step in behavior following the awakening and breakfast (often omitted) of modern urban dwellers, many people leave their rooms for commuting and attending school and are exposed to the outdoor sound environment. With this movement from indoor to outdoor, the sound environment again changes discontinuously. In many cases, at the moment of leaving a room or building, it is surrounded by powerful urban noise mainly composed of mechanical noise from transportation equipment such as cars, motorbikes, and trains. They have a structure that is almost completely discontinuous from indoor sound. The background sound that flows over time forms a chaotic sound signal that is difficult to symbolize, and the sound pressure level is, for example, higher than 70 dBA around the main road. On top of this baseline, miscellaneous and powerful artificial noise suddenly crosses. These sounds tend to be disgusted as unpleasant for almost all human senses. Looking at these sounds in the FFT power spectrum, except for the shocking sounds emitted in the immediate vicinity, the spectrum takes the form of a prominent left-handed slope similar to that of the indoor environment sound shown above. In addition, the level is much higher (FIGS. 7 and 8). However, the upper frequency limit of the component is not high at most points except for the moment when the sound of the car hits directly along the road (FIGS. 9 and 10). At most, it is about 15 kHz. Of the world. From the shape of this spectrum, the spectrum seen in the indoor sound in the absence of sound in the morning, the outdoor background sound attenuated by the sound-insulating means, entered the indoor, and a small amount of environmental sound. It can be deduced that it would come from what it occupied.

  Next, looking at the ME spectrum array, this also shows a vague shape that is close to the sound of the indoor environment, and the spectrum itself shows a structure almost like a structure unless the vehicle blows away in front of you (Figs. 9 and 10). In addition, the temporal change is monotonous and extremely unclear (FIGS. 7 and 8).

  With commuting, the present inventors are wrapped in the sound of trains and buses superimposed on the background sound, or the sound of the station premises. There, various announcements are often broadcast with musical phrases that are call signs, increasing the distribution of articulation information. Despite numerous efforts, these sounds generally tend to be perceived as negative environmental sounds that lack comfort.

  The working and learning spaces that serve as commuting and commuting points for urban residents and become the base for future activities are more advanced as they are closer to living spaces, except for civil engineering and construction, industrial production, and practical training and physical education. In many cases, the sound is eliminated. Here, speech and speech that make up conversations and lectures occupy the main force of environmental sound, and recently, the importance of artificial sounds from communication electronic media such as telephones and electronic media for education is increasing dramatically. Most of them are linguistic speech, and it is necessary to reduce the cost and reduce the size and weight of the equipment while requiring the clear transmission of the semantic content, and communication to the minimum that can function as articulation information. There is a strong tendency to reduce capacity. For this reason, for example, in a telephone, the reproduction frequency band is limited to 4 kHz or less, and the ringing tone or the like with a highly complicated spectrum change that is considered as sensitivity information cannot be said to be dominant. In this way, even in the office / learning space, there is a significant tendency for emphasis on articulated information and degeneration of symbolic / concrete information, and at the same time, there is no denying the tendency for the comfort and beauty of sound to be sacrificed.

  On the other hand, in industrial production, civil engineering construction, transportation, and on-site training, it goes without saying that the sound emitted by machines becomes dominant. Many of them are rotating mechanical sounds, which have high temporal continuity, poor change, and extremely low information density (FIGS. 9 and 10). The impact sound (for example, rivet sound) that tends to be less distributed often follows an intermittent transition and may act as symbolic information. These generally have a tendency that the sound pressure is greatly increased and the negative influence (discomfort) on the human sensory sensibility is remarkable.

  The sound environment in the process of returning home from work and study may be considered almost the same as in the morning commute. Next, in indoor spaces after returning home, or indoor and outdoor commercial facilities that enter for the purpose of return, dinner, entertainment, etc., artificial sounds taking into account the entertainment effect transmitted from electronic media dominate. The content is high in the language, mainly in the case of a home or own room, with TV, and the music is high in general commercial facilities. However, except for the fact that the game environment is occupied by powerful electronic sound effects with strong symbolism, the sound that has articulated information structures such as music and words remains dominant. . Its physical structure is close to the general structure when electronic media sounds are the mainstay, but the volume tends to be larger, and in discos and game facilities, extremely loud volumes exceeding 100 dBA are flooded. Yes. In such an entertainment artificial sound environment, efforts and efforts are being made to improve comfort and, in particular, pleasure. Of course, they have a considerable effect, but it cannot be denied that they have various problems as to whether they are truly approaching the sound environment that humans want.

  Thus, in these sound environments that are common in modern cities, the presence of sound itself is extremely sparse as the indoor environment itself. On the other hand, the sound from electronic media that fills the gap is not rich enough because the acoustic structure of software is limited by standards and technologies, and the hardware also has fidelity including frequency response and transient response. However, there is a tremendous limit and restricts the information structure that appears on the time axis, especially the information density. On the other hand, the sound of the outdoor environment has a high sound pressure, the frequency distribution is biased toward the low frequency side, the spectrum structure is quite simple, and its temporal change is poor. Therefore, the information density is still very low here.

  Summing up the above, the sound of the city has a structure like a collection of fragments that lacked spatiotemporal continuity from a macro perspective. The acoustic structure changes drastically with a slight difference in location and time, and the spatiotemporal discontinuity is extremely remarkable. People living in it are forced to undergo a number of dramatic changes in the sound environment that are so different that the continuity and commonality in physical and information structures are not recognized, corresponding to slight changes in time and place. It is made to experience. However, in some residential cultures, such as Europe, where many stone and brick walls and solid doors are used, the sound environment is inherently accompanied by temporal and spatial discontinuities, which is quite an exception in the human history of modern and contemporary residences. It is a precursor of a sound environment with remarkable discontinuities. Looking at each piece of town sound as <physical structure>, the frequency band is narrow, the spectrum structure is simple, and the temporal change is scarce. Therefore, the information density is remarkably low when looking at the <information structure>. Among them, language and music, that is, articulated information occupies the greatest power, especially through electronic media, while symbolic information and especially concrete information are extremely sparse. Furthermore, looking at this from the <response structure>, the majority of the people living there are unable to adapt to the sound environment both consciously and unconsciously, and generally feel some discomfort and disgust. Needless to say, it has created a strong awareness of the problem of sound in the environment.

  2. As a settled system that appeared in human history before the town, the village form that the village community that became the base of primary industries such as agriculture and livestock, that is, village village, is notable for considering the information environment. Unfortunately, the information environment of village communities suitable for comparison with existing urban information environments in developed countries has been strongly influenced by urbanization in various aspects in recent years, and the sound environment is no exception. However, there are still some villages in the Asian monsoon zone that maintain excellent content in terms of information environment, even though remarkable development is progressing. In particular, if you explore the paddy farming society located in the evergreen broad-leaved forest area, you can find a village that has a typical “sound of village”. Examples include traditional villages made up of man-made forests scattered across the Japanese archipelago, and rural dwellings in Bali.

  At first glance, these villages may seem to have been inhabited by people in a primitive natural environment. However, in reality, many of them are highly artificial living environments that were originally built with very sophisticated traditional techniques, and the techniques and results of the artifacts are compared with those of modern urban dwellings. It is not inferior to win. However, since the concept has an eye on integration and symbiosis with nature, the more advanced and artificial in that direction, the more paradoxical nature that human traces become dilute and naturalness increases. Have. Therefore, when approaching such traditional dwellings, if there is not enough evidence or rich insight, it is easy to get lost in the evaluation of artificial nature that cannot be perceived or deciphered.

  When comparing the sound of a village with the sound of a town, the difference in temporal and spatial continuity is first noticed. The sound of the city lacks continuity in time and space. On the other hand, the sound of villages has high continuity both in time and space, with unsteady fluctuations, and there is a tendency for the sound to change smoothly and seamlessly even with time and place changes. strong. Moreover, the continuity is seen in both macro and micro areas.

  The comfort of the summer in the residential forests that are still in operation in various parts of Japan is exquisite, but the sound environment is very similar to that of a typical Balinese village. ing. The sound of indoors that is open and airy is almost the same as that of the outdoors. The natural environmental sound that changes in the background slowly changes from morning to day, night, and again in the morning. In this respect, the difference from the sound of the city where the sound structure changes drastically as time passes and through the door is remarkable. In addition, the main sound of the town is an artifact that is directly or indirectly generated by humanity, whereas the main power of the village sound is dominated by vibrations generated from life forms other than humans. The buzz of trees caused by the wind, and the sound of insects and birds create a variety of sound spaces, in which human voices and words, and sounds emitted from living activities are interspersed.

Such village sounds usually lead to a quiet and comfortable reaction to human sensory sensation, but the sound pressure as a physical indicator is never lower than that of the city, such as Ubud Village in Bali. As actual measurement values, the morning time may be 55 to 65 dBL _Aeq , the daytime may be 45 to 60 _{dBL Aeq} , and the night may exceed ₆₀ dBL _Aeq , and the instantaneous value may exceed 70 _dBA . In any of these cases, the sound pressure rises even further when the gentle winds whisper the trees. Looking at the structure of such a sound in the frequency spectrum, the spread to the high frequency region is remarkable compared to the sound of the city. In a rural garden in Bali or a Japanese summer mansion forest, a complex spectrum that far exceeds 20 kHz, the upper limit of the frequency that humans can hear as sound, often exceeds 50 kHz. In addition, in the ME spectrum array, various undulations of power and temporal changes thereof appear throughout the spectrum extending in the high frequency region (FIGS. 11 to 14).

  As a general characteristic of the sound of the village, there is a scene in which the continuity in time is broken at a specific date and time, and it shifts to another phase. That is the sound environment when turning into a festival space. A remarkable example can be seen especially in the villages of Bali. The large-scale bronze percussion orchestra, gamelan, gon, and Kubjar, all over the village, symbolizes the sound environment of the festival space. The march of Bara Gandur, who walks around the village while playing the portable musical instrument group in the gamelan, creates a sound environment in the village with a powerful sound flood.

  From the viewpoint of information structure, the sound of a village in normal times is characterized by the leaves of trees and the noise, and the sound of insects that are highly concrete and temporally continuous. On the other hand, the sound of birds singing and the sounds of intermittent insects form symbolic sound images, and human words and music create articulated sounds, and these forces change over time. However, it forms a unique world of village sounds. However, the power of articulated sound information created by humans never dominates the sound information that has a concrete and symbolic structure except for the festival space.

  In this way, the sounds of the villages in the Asian monsoon region, which represent the rich sound environment in the human society under the primary industry, are in continuity in time and space, and are continuous in comparison with the sounds of the city. The specific gravity of the nodal information is relatively low, and the specific gravity of the symbolic and concrete information is relatively high. The spectrum has a high-density structure that greatly expands to the high-frequency side compared to the sound of the city, and that the change in the micro time domain is recognized more richly and clearly. And this sound structure clearly leads to comfort. When this transitions to an extraordinary festive space, the sound pressure level, the frequency spreads to the ultra-high frequency side, and the concrete, symbols, and articulations characterized by a rich temporal change in the extremely dense spectrum The information structure transforms into a unique sound space (FIGS. 11 and 12). The sound environment that appears here invites people into a world of pleasure that is different from everyday life.

  3. <Sound of the city> that covers the modern city symbolizes the transformation of the sound environment of the human society after the transition to the secondary industry, and <Sound of the village> that remains in rural areas in the monsoon region of Asia is under the primary industry. Symbolizes the comfortable sound environment created by human society. On the other hand, the symbol of the sound environment of human society that has chosen a path that does not follow industrialization is that the sound of the forest is adhering to the rainforest that the majority of hunters and gatherers have devoured I can do it.

  Currently, the ancient rainforests are rare. Nevertheless, some of the most prominent tropical rainforests, including some of the great rainforests in the Ituri forest of the African continent, forests in Malaysia, Brunei, Java, etc. in Asia, and dense forests of Costa Rica and Panama in the new continent And the Atlantic Forest that extends along the Atlantic Ocean in Brazil and the Amazon in the inland are known. Among them, it has been empirically known that the rainforests that people who have adopted the lifestyle of hunting and gathering in the past have actively selected as a place to live in are very beautiful and comfortable. In particular, the beauty and comfort of the Ituri Forest adjacent to the Great Rift Valley in Africa, which is the base of human evolution, is remarkable, and the mentality of the Mubuti people who continue their high-purity hunting and gathering lives there It has been admired by influential field workers such as Mitsuo Ichikawa and Colin Turnbull.

  To be sure, the experience of Tsutomu Ohashi, who is the inventor of the present invention, is not the beauty and beauty of Ituri Forest, the soul and the nobility of the Mbuti people who live there, the emergence, transmission and acceptance of beauty. The level of power and richness were far beyond the range of my imagination. The perfect sensory response induced by the perfect information environment created by them cannot be exhausted in both words and brushes. Of course, the world of sound is no exception. Rather, for Ohashi Riki, it is nothing but the source of the charm that adorns the forest.

  Needless to say, each existing rainforest on the earth has its own sound environment. Moreover, in each of them, temporal and spatial diversity is also remarkable. Nevertheless, the common features of information structures are clearly recognized there.

  The rainforest that hunter-gatherers choose is full of fertile sounds, regardless of time and space. The elements that make it up are certainly not in common with high-quality village sounds. But most of all, the type and volume of the sound source is far off. Neither the density nor the spatial distribution of the sound source is the ratio of the sound of the village. For example, in Ituri Forest, huge trees over 50 meters and sometimes as much as 70 meters densely grow on mountainous terrain with an average elevation of 900 meters. The sound of insects, the voice of birds, and the cry of beasts are confused with the spirit of a tree against the background of the thrill of a large tree that fills a huge space just like a gothic cathedral formed by the trunk and crown. A hall of fame is built. The sound of the sound is relaxing in the flow of eternal time, but continues to transition deeply and cannot be refused.

Looking at the environmental sound of the rainforest as a physical structure, it is often surprising that the environmental sound of the forest, which is perceived sufficiently quietly, pushes the scale incredibly high when measured with a sound level meter. It may exceed _{80 dBA} instantaneously, as well as 70 _{dBL Aeq} , which is the limit value of tolerance as urban noise. However, the comfort of the sound space will not help anyone who has a standard sense of sensibility. With regard to the sound of this forest, the noise concept created by the civilized society and the scale shown by the sound level meter are too far away from the sensory sensation and physiological responses that are evoked by the people who listen to it.

  It may be the first time in the world that the inventors have investigated the spectrum of environmental sound in such a rainforest to a very high frequency band that cannot be perceived as sound. He taught me the reality that I couldn't imagine without trying. The frequency distribution is infinitely widened to the high frequency side and often exceeds 100 kHz. And the change in the spectrum in the micro time domain spans the entire frequency band, and the fine particles of discontinuous change are abundantly scattered on the continuous change flow, and there is nothing wrong (FIGS. 15 to 18). . The most important environmental sound in the rainforest is the information of highly continuous and concrete information such as the noise of trees, the sound of insects that are not shattered or cut. It forms a line. And symbolic information such as bird voices, beast screams, and sounds of breaks and knotting insects are infinitely scattered, making the bassline rich. On the other hand, articulated information derived from humanity such as words and music exists only as a miraculous exception in the living area of human beings such as a single cow in a vast jungle. However, the dialogue and music of the Mubuti people, which is a specific form of existence, is integrated with the sound of the natural environment of the forest, listening to the exaggeration of natural products and the thrilling sound of heavenly beauty. It is.

  4). By the way, if you look at the spectrum analysis data, you will be surprised that the physical structure of the environmental sound of the richest rainforest is very similar to that of the village sound of the gamelan sound in the village on the day of the festival. . When the gamelan procession passes in front of the eyes, the sound pressure of the people along the road slightly exceeds 90 dBA and sometimes even exceeds 100 dBA, often reaching a much higher sound pressure level than along the city's main road. However, people actively construct and enjoy such a sound space in search of pleasure rather than having a discomfort in the sound. The average power spectrum of the sound greatly spreads to the high frequency side and shows a momentum reaching 100 kHz. Furthermore, the spectrum array shows the presence of tremendous ultra-high frequency components exceeding 100 kHz instantaneously while the complex waveform shows a drastic change in time (FIGS. 19 and 20). It works very effectively as a sound of healing and rest. As a high-quality metal sound source in common with such a gamelan, the sound generation mechanism of a disk-type music box attracts attention. Therefore, we developed a hypersonic music box that uses this sound generation mechanism as an ancestor to exert its healing effect. The spectrum includes a component exceeding 100 kHz, which is also full of fluctuations, and shows a commonality with the environmental sound of the forest (FIGS. 21 and 22).

  As the essence of another healing and resting sound as opposed to a metal sound source, you can't miss the Ogawa's murmuring sound, which is probably the most loved by the Japanese. In fact, in order to examine the information structure, in the normal sound environment influenced by human activities, the presence of background noise is hindered. Therefore, when we recorded and analyzed the murmur of a stream that flows through the prairie in the Mongolian highland, which should be called a huge silent space, we found the existence of a surprisingly high-frequency component that greatly exceeded 100 kHz with rich fluctuations ( FIG. 23 and FIG. 24).

  In FIGS. 19 to 24, a time average FFT spectrum of 10 to 60 seconds and an ME spectrum array every 25 milliseconds are shown.

  5). In retrospect, the sound environment of the rainforest where people living in hunting and gathering live is distinctly different from that of high-density urban dwellings that emerged near the end of the modernization attempt. The sound of the rainforest is, first of all, in terms of physical structure, an ultra-wideband complex power spectrum exceeding 100 kHz, a high degree of continuity in the macro space-time region, an unsteady fluctuation structure in the micro time region, and It is characterized by ultra-high density as a time series. Looking at this from the information structure, the sound of the forest is overwhelmingly rich in concrete information structure, followed by the richness of symbolic information structure, while the information structure of articulated information Existence is a rare distribution.

  The human response to the sound environment of such a rainforest is extremely comfortable and the level of nonconformity is at a very low level, which is emphasized by people who actually experienced it. This is in harmony with the reality that for the modern human beings, an overwhelming number of people who lived in the original hunting and gathering lifestyle lived in the rainforest, where there were almost no signs of information environment incompatibility. In view of our own sensory response, the sound of the rainforest is nothing but the ultimate comfort.

<2-2-2> The place of life and the way of life promised by genes.
1. Is there an ideal sound environment for us? If so, what is it? The “original-adaptation model” of information environment studies suggests the possibility of the sound environment promised to human genes and opens the way to ask for it.

  First of all, let's talk about <original-adaptive model> itself. This is an evolution of the concept of “adaptive biology” by Seiichiro Uchida and Hiroshi Sugawara, which we have composed and proposed as a core model of information environment science. In other words, the life of the earth is an activity that fits exactly like a key and a keyhole with the place where the species was born, that is, the environment of the ecosystem that has undergone evolutionary adaptation and the species-specific genes are composed. In the gene and the brain / nervous system it has designed as an "original program". The original program is always activated and ready for operation or waiting. The environment in this case is referred to as <original environment>, and the activity appearing there is referred to as <original activity> (FIG. 25a). The structure of the sound unique to the native environment that is unique to this species is nothing but the concrete form of the ideal sound environment promised by the gene.

  When life encounters an environment or situation where it is impossible to live by this natural activity alone, it will awaken a group of programs that are usually asleep in genes and brains by the stimulation of the stress that occurs, and measure survival . The program is called “Adaptation Program”, the activity that appears at that time is called “Adaptation Activity”, and the time, materials, energy, and information spent there are called “Adaptation Investment”. In addition, an environment that can survive by this mechanism is referred to as an “adaptable environment” (FIG. 25 b).

  Next, <programmed self-decomposition model> will be described. If a living organism is placed in an environment that is significantly different from its original environment and cannot be covered by the menu of the adaptation program prepared for genetic information, its life will react in response to the high stress acupuncture that occurs there. Start the same <self-dismantling program> as the program that will be launched when Tianju is completed. It leads to the cessation of life by itself and dismantles its own trap, returning the material that comprised it and the habitat occupied by its trap to the ecosystem (FIG. 25c). This mechanism is strange at first glance. However, this is actually an extremely sophisticated and high-dimensional survival strategy that contributes to the restoration of the environment and enables the repetitive use of ecosystems, accelerates the evolution of life in the system, and Contribute to stabilization and stabilization. This series of life science processes is called “programmed self-disassembly”.

  Here, it is inherently effective to introduce a mechanism that allows animals to autonomously control life activities such as adaptation and self-disassembly, and a behavior control model based on emotion and sensitivity.

  In other words, the emotion and sensibility circuit works so that the more comfortable and natural the stagnation place and behavior are, the more pleasant and less uncomfortable, the less the pleasantness and the more discomfort the higher the degree of adaptation. A mechanism is selected to preferentially select the action to go to. Therefore, as long as there is no abnormal bias, each species will naturally live converging into the original environment and optimal behavior determined by the gene. However, if you step into the non-conforming self-disassembly area beyond the adaptation limit, the emotion and sensibility will reverse the phase of positive and negative, the self-disassembly will be more pleasant, the unpleasant will be lower, and the viable side will be the opposite Accelerate actions that drive self-destruction (for example, anorexia and wrist cuts, especially suicide) just as Yuki Tatsuma rolls down the slope.

  Considering the combination of 〈originally-adaptive model〉, 〈programmed self-dismantling model〉 and 〈behavior control model by emotion and sensibility〉 Exceptions are very rare (Fig. 26), and it is very well suited to the real life of only higher animals, including being able to explain the mechanism that achieves a stunning “relation”.

  However, for us humanity, it is difficult to determine what kind of place is the original environment because the place of grudge continues to spread too much. This is solely related to the fact that the “humankind” that equalizes the gene with us has gained the activity of adaptation that has been strengthened in the history of evolution. The civilization that originated from agricultural and livestock (primary industry), which was created in the background, has continued to sway its entire lifestyle, including the place of stagnation, by virtue of its strong bias. If so, people who are so thin that they can ignore the degree of civilization and continue to protect the original lifestyle of humanity are autonomous in accordance with <Emotion and Kansei Behavior Control> under natural conditions without bias If you find a grudge place to choose, it will be a strong candidate for the “natural environment” promised to our genes.

  2. Needless to say, these puzzles should not be relied on as a single point of cut, but rather carefully combined with multiple approaches of different dimensions. Therefore, the present inventors have examined the evolution of the brain, the paleontology of mankind, the dynamics of the existing mankind and the reaction of the brain. I think this trial was blessed with a lucky answer.

  First of all, it may be a topic that has not been much talked about in evolutionary biology until now, but the evolutionary construction of the brain as a life information processing device including the sensory nervous system, and the environment of the natural ecosystem that serves as the cradle or shipyard Let us shed light on the relationship with information structure (Richard Bern et al.'S <Machiavelli intelligence hypothesis> is known about the relationship between social information environment and brain evolution). As the latest DNA analysis shows, we are included in the great ape group on the evolutionary tree, and belong to the primate as a larger framework. The appearance of primates, about seven to fifty million years ago, is very new compared to about 600 million years before the first animal appearance, and about 200 million years before the first mammal appearance. (FIG. 27). The stage of its emergence and evolution was the forest ecosystem's tree environment, where the gymnosperm was replaced by angiosperms at the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. An animal with a new concept that this new ecosystem that would have reached the richness and complexity of both the quality and quantity not seen in the global environment is nothing but a primate. The basic design found in the developed limbs, the visual system capable of stereoscopic viewing, the sophisticated auditory system, and the explosively enlarged cerebrum that serves as the control center for them, has the highest information density and complexity on the ground. It is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the fact that it is extremely effective as an evolutionary adaptation strategy for a forest ecosystem that embodies the information environment. In this regard, the present inventors, in evolutionary adaptation that substantially involves the developmental recombination of DNA, consider the information environment as a factor of evolution and trapping that is comparable to the target material or <template> ecosystem material / energy environment. I want to emphasize the determinism of

  Based on this idea, about 20 million years ago, a large ape that developed the brain that is the center of the information processing equipment, using the tropical rainforest that stands at the top of the richness of its information in the forest ecosystem. The emergence of ancestors (orangutans, gorillas, humans, bonobos, chimpanzees) at the forefront of primate evolution is a natural consequence. From this, the ecosystem with the most complex information environment on earth, the rainforest, emerges as a promising candidate for the evolution of our human brain.

  3. In the paleontology field, the savanna origin theory by the so-called “East Side Story”, a classic model proposed by Eve Copan, is widely known about the natural environment from which mankind emerged. According to it, about 8 million years ago, the western wall of the Great Rift Valley rose in eastern Africa, and the east side (east side) became savanna from the original rainforest due to the decrease in precipitation. The great apes have evolved in the tropical rainforests of the country, and humans have appeared in the eastern savannah when biped walking is encouraged. This was once supported as the most powerful hypothesis. However, the paleoenvironmental study revealed that the savannah in the eastern part of the Great Rift Valley is 2 million years ago, while the time of human appearance is about 7 million years in the fossil (Sahelantropus Chadensis, 2001). Excavation), mitochondrial DNA analysis (calculation assuming that the orangutan and gorilla branching is 13 million years ago) showed that it dates back about 5 million years ago, and inconsistencies occurred. There is still no evidence that African apes have a different distribution in the east and west of the Great Rift Valley. On the other hand, the origin of biped walking is the origin of Oruroline Tugenensis, which is estimated to have been discovered in Kenya in 2000 from about 6 million years to 580 million years ago. From the shape, it was pointed out that the possibility of taking a bipedal walk was high, and it became difficult to connect with savannah. The Lamidas monkey, which is said to be about 400 million years ago, and the Australopithecus aphalensis, about 350 million years ago, which remains a fossil of the famous bipedal walking, is unknown whether it is a rainforest It is highly probable that he was walking biped in the forest environment. These made it difficult to seek the origin of mankind and its bipedalism in savannah. In addition, the discovery of Sahelanthropus Chadensis, the oldest human fossil at the present time, excavated from the Chad Republic, located in the central northern part of the African continent, ended the East Side Story into a “story” by its appearance. This is because the Toros Menara is located far west of the Great Rift Valley, or West Side.

  4). As a matter of fact, it is important to note that the grounds of a genuine rainforest are naturally suitable for biped walking with a bush, unlike imagination. When I visited the Mbuti people in the deepest part of the Ituri Forest during the bee-season season, the land of the forest I met and the carpet of the moist and flat rotten leaves laid there reached the age of 50 at the time. It was something that allowed the full power of Ohashi power. Such an experience is very unfamiliar with the classic scenario of bipedal development and the birth of mankind through savannahization.

  In the long evolutionary history of primates, we have produced species that have succeeded in measuring evolutionary adaptation to the new environment away from the original forest environment. In particular, humans who have improved their adaptability to flat ground by walking on two legs have no doubt that numerous attempts have been made to advance into grassy environments that are separated from forests such as savanna and steps. The option to return to the forest again from there would have been possible. Relatedly, from about 3 million years ago to about 1.5 million years ago, human beings lived in parallel with multiple species of the genus Pallanthropus, Australopithecus, and Homo spread across the African continent. It seems to have been. Homo erectus has spread from Africa to Eurasia and Asia from about 800,000 to 300,000 years ago.

  However, humans who have moved far away from the origin of evolution have gone through their prosperity in various places, except for modern humans who have not yet achieved results, and eventually they have become extinct and have not left offspring. And it seems that new humans always appear from the evolutionary “core” somewhere in Africa. Surely, the ground for the evolution of human beings, the most luxurious species in Earth's life history, and the ground for the recombination of DNA in the direction of complications, is in all dimensions of matter, energy and information. It would have to be the ultimate luxury ecosystem that fits that. As a candidate for earth history, what is more powerful than the rainforest is not easily sought.

  However, testing this hypothesis has one challenge. That is a tremendous mismatch between fossil research and the rainforest environment. For the formation of fossils that require strange conditions to keep the structure of the body stable and a long time for petrification, it is not as suitable as a warm and moist forest humus, like a lump of enzyme that breaks down the body There will be no. Certainly, the Gobi Desert and Olduvai Valley, which are considered the mecca of fossil excavation, must have an environment that contrasts with the rainforest. However, even if it is a wall of 100-meter sedimentary rocks in Olduvai, which is said to be a treasure house of fossils, it is a lifelong life to explore the fossils of mankind that can only be excavated as long as it can be counted by a miracle master. May be too short. Although looking from the outside to the end, we are looking forward to the day when fossil research is overcoming the academic imbalances that tend to leave areas like rainforests blank.

  By the way, the present inventors have recently been blessed with the exquisite knowledge to fill this gap that can be considered fatal in exploring the core of human evolution. It is the discovery of a human fossil Sahelantropus Chadensis, estimated to be about 7 million years ago. As mentioned earlier, the Toros Menara is located in the central northern part of the African continent. The line going south from this excavation point and the line going west from Lake Victoria intersect in a vast rainforest belt that crosses the African continent and reaches the Rift Valley. The environment with conditions suitable for the swaying of humankind's evolution, like this area where genuine hunters and gatherers such as Mubuti and Aka people live, is still awkward. It must fit like a key and a keyhole with the basic design of a great ape, especially that of a luxury human being, by being the richest rainforest ecosystem on earth, in terms of material, energy and information. Of course, large-scale climate change throughout the glacial period has led to various bends in this area, such as the mixing of forests and grasslands and grasslands. There must have been a time when ancestors had to live up with the activity of adaptation in a non-conforming environment. Nevertheless, the environmental conditions that allow humankind to survive were secured as a continuous line, and a considerable amount of time in them was endowed with a fertile rainforest information environment that harmonized with the brain evolution vector. Uka. Here again, human fossils have been found from various points that have conditions suitable for excavation, so as to surround the great rainforest region in the center of the African continent. The composition seems to imply that the core of human evolution lurks with the missing link in the deepest part of the forest that refuses fossil research.

  5). Next, let's focus on the dynamics of <modern Homo sapiens (homogeneous sapiens sapiens = modern humans)> that equalize genes with us. Unfortunately, the point where our direct ancestors have appeared has not yet been identified in previous studies. As an alternative approach, people who have a low level of civilization and who continue to protect the original lifestyle of humankind at a high level, the “original environment” promised by our genes, It becomes effective to search in the place of the common grudge that chooses autonomously according to the control.

  First, regarding the existing human beings, what is the environment of the grudge site that people who choose to live in the original hunting and gathering lifestyle naturally and autonomously, that is, strongly controlled by innate behavioral programs, choose Let's see. In Africa, Asia, and the New Continent, except for a few examples of Sun (Bushman), who was chased by the Bantu farmers, and South Australian (Aboriginal) hunted by the invading Anglo-Saxon. Almost all hunter-gatherers live in a surprisingly common lifestyle, using a similar ecosystem, such as a border area with a rainforest or especially a contiguous forest. By the way, molecular evolution chemist Omoto Minato City is very common in hunter-gatherers in Africa, Asia, and the new continent, even though they are far apart from each other in terms of genetic distance within modern humans. In particular, we conducted research across various hunter-gatherers (Negrit) in the Sunda archipelago. Omoto stated:

  "Negrit's ancestor must have lived in Sundaland, and it is believed that the sea level during the glacial period since 20,000 years ago was cut off and isolated from the Asian continent. I want to think about why the miniaturization of the body happened, I would like to think of the similarities with the African pygmy that were brought about by adaptive evolution to a common environment, or adaptive parallelism. The common environment must be a tropical rainforest, and it can be imagined that Sundaland was once in a dense forest just below the equator, as in central Africa today. ”

  It was only about 12,000 years ago when our ancestors abandoned these original hunting and gathering lives and ran into agricultural pastures and started the first step of civilization. In other words, in the history of modern human beings that will exceed 14,000 years ago, transitional processes or adaptations, such as when they are spreading on the earth or when they are chased by something else The standard lifestyle is nothing but a forest hunter-gatherer, except when it is interpreted as a state of mind. Regarding the reality, Takakazu Yumoto says as follows.

  “In every rainforest, there were people who have lived since ancient times. Rainforests that have no human hands added are rarely found in the world, and if any, are exceptional. The human species is a member of the many animals, plants, and microorganisms that make up the rainforest, and it is impossible to ignore human existence in the first place when thinking about the rainforest. Is that ... "

  From the perspective of ecological anthropology, the hunter-gatherer who lives on the earth now has an overwhelmingly more directivity toward the rainforest-type environment, as shown in <Control of behavior by emotion and sensitivity> than other orientations. In the vicinity of us, who are at the extreme of civilization, hunting and gathering as a hobby that forms a system of desire and pleasure will be a supporting material. In addition, high-performance air conditioning realized by utilizing science and technology civilization, and convenience stores that provide daily resources including a wide variety of foodstuffs, etc., our genes are still built using tropical rainforest as a template It may be said that it is almost not taking off the state. Even after a hundred steps, we cannot deny that the genetic design does not optimize the polar regions, deserts and grasslands.

  So what are the characteristics of our brain's emotional and sensibility circuits as human beings living in the artificial environment created by modern civilization? In this regard, we have conducted a series of studies on the brains of existing Japanese who have lived on the same island for at least 10,000 years and have followed the history of hunting and collecting, farming, and typical science and technology civilizations. During the experiment, we have gained important revelation. Environmental sound, which is an influential area of information that has the potential to strongly affect the circuit of emotion and sensitivity, is in the order of urban sounds close to desert-grass, village sounds close to open forests, and rainforest sounds The time density (frequency upper limit) increases. Therefore, by examining the difference in the response level that the density difference of the presented sound leads to the brain and the level of listening volume that reflects the degree of preference for the sound (the volume selected according to preference for the unconscious habit), The activity of the sensibility circuit, that is, the <action control circuit>, which is based on the <reward system>, as well as the degree of preference for sound, increase as the density of the presented sound increases and exceeds the perceptual limit. (Details are shown in FIGS. 39, 41, 51, and 52). The same tendency was observed in experiments on visual information, suggesting that our sensory sensibility is oriented toward rainforest-type ultra-high-density information, at least in terms of sound and light environment. Furthermore, from the examination of the functional relationship between the brain regions related to the <2D perception model of the hypersonic effect>, the activity of the <behavior control circuit> and the activity of the <biological control circuit> centering on the brain stem and hypothalamus are linked. It was known that This linkage bridges the behavioral control by emotion and sensitivity and the biological control that determines the original, adaptation, and self-disassembly. It strongly supports that our mind and body, and by extension, the genes, are built with a rainforest-type ultra-high density and high complexity information environment as the original.

  These appeared about 160,000 years ago, and have undergone a history of adaptation to the decline in temperature and humidity caused by large-scale climate change such as the Ulm ice age and the simplification of natural ecosystems that lead to it. Even in sapiens, the genes and brain characteristics suggest that they are still in a state of little change from what was originally cast in a rainforest-type ultra-dense and complex environment. Yes.

6). However, until the idea that our modern Homo sapiens gene and brain are built in the rainforest as a natural environment, huge barriers have been raised until very recently. It is the existence of the “multiregional parallel evolution theory” about the origin of modern humans.
Until a while ago, this "multi-regional parallel evolution theory" prevailed about when and where we were born. It was born in Africa about 180,000 years ago <Homo Electus (a group of so-called Beijing and Javanese)> has made a foray into various parts of the earth for hundreds of thousands of years ago. It is said that it evolved independently and gave birth to various modern humans. Then, even if the main stream of the shipyard of the apes or the gene of the whole human being was a rainforest type environment, the DNA of the present human beings was formed in a very diverse environment. -From the adaptation model, it is impossible to deny the possibility that the original environment promised by the gene is diversified without being limited to the rainforest type.

  In contrast, in 1987, Alain Wilson et al. Proposed Milfford's single origin theory (the so-called “mitochondrial Eve” theory) based on mitochondrial DNA analysis, and Milford, who advocated the “multiregional parallel evolution theory”・ Intensified controversy with morphological anthropologists such as Wolpov and Alan Thorne. Later, in the 1990s, mitochondrial DNA analysis by Horai et al. Drawn an evolutionary phylogenetic tree with precise bifurcation ages, and in the 2000s, from the analysis of male <Y chromosome> and autosomal <microsatellite> With that support, the African single origin theory has been reinforced. Furthermore, in 2003, Hisao et al. Excavated a new Homo erectus fossil on Java Island, and the evolutionary direction in which the important structural indicators of so-called Javanese native fossils do not match those of native Australians. I pointed out that This means that Thorn's `` evolution model from native Javans to indigenous Australians '', which was the last basis of the multiregional parallel evolution theory, does not hold, and this makes the multiregional parallel evolution theory extremely It became difficult to maintain. In addition, in 2003, Tim White et al. Excavated a fossil of 160,000 years ago, the oldest of homo sapiens sapiens, in Ethiopia. All modern human fossils discovered around the world are newer than these fossils.

  Thus, the African single origin theory of modern human beings is being established as almost immovable. According to this theory, <Homo Electus>, which appeared about 800,000 years ago in the evolution of mankind that has been promoted in Africa, has made a widespread advance on the earth between about 300,000 years ago After that, it was extinct without further evolution. On the other hand, the ancestor of our present-day human beings was born somewhere on the African continent as a species with a new gene about 160,000 years ago, and probably divided into some waves about 50,000 years ago It is said that it has reached the present while spreading on the earth. Combining these findings with the evolution of the brain, the dynamics of modern humans, and knowledge from the viewpoint of the compatibility between the brain and sound investigated by the present inventors, It is supported that it is highly likely that the African rainforest, which is the main base of apes evolution and the core of human evolution, or its surrounding area will not be far away.

  If we count as an ape family, we are assimilated into the most fertile ecosystem on the earth, a rainforest-type environment over the last 20 million years, and other life living there It is likely that they belong to the mainstream of the lineage of creatures that have been symbiotic and have continued to recombine genes in a more complex way to suit their environment. The response of the ultra-high density and complexity of the brains of people living in cities that have already become containers of civilization to the environmental information is a species that we, as human beings, still adapt to the rainforest type environment. It suggests that it is in the state of.

  It is extremely difficult for these modern humans to cite the environment other than the rainforest as a candidate for the “original” itch site promised by the gene.

<2-2-3> A paradise called the rainforest.
1. What kind of ecosystem is a rainforest? During the Cretaceous period (144 million to 65 million years ago), the end of the Mesozoic period, when dinosaurs flourished, dramatic changes in the flora of the earth occurred. In the history of the earth's ecology, the most prosperous gymnosperms such as ferns and cycads (with exposed ovules) are replaced by new angiosperms (the ovules are enveloped in the heart skin). "Incident". The momentum is tremendous, and at the beginning of the Cenozoic, when mammals and birds replaced the extinct dinosaurs, it was estimated that new angiosperms already accounted for 80 percent of all plant species (currently 96 percent).

  Older generation gymnosperms rely mainly on wind to spread pollen and seeds carrying DNA. This method (wind medium, wind spraying) limits the range of offspring, so it is easy to create an ecosystem like a coniferous forest in the cold zone where the same kind of plants monotonously grow nearby. On the other hand, angiosperms depend on animals such as insects, birds, and mammals for DNA diffusion and amplify the range by an extraordinary amount. In this way (animal vehicle, animal spraying), each species disperses its progeny over a wide range, making it easy to create a complex ecosystem with many species mixed together. Plants that possessed these new activities have become the main axis, and a highly organic ecosystem has been formed with a vast amount of life ranging from microorganisms to primates. In this way, the rainforest is the ecosystem that is the most mature on the ground and has reached the climax of evolution while being constantly refined.

  Life in these tropical rainforests is a natural place of life, both in terms of material and information, under the stars that live as the most luxurious creatures on earth. At the same time, it suggests that rainforests can be the cradle of evolution that can nurture the most complex and advanced life, both structurally and functionally. In fact, the apes that are at the top of the evolution of animals, whether they are Asian or African, have all been in the rainforest and surrounding areas. Modern humanity before running into industrialization is no exception. It is highly likely that we originally came out as a part of the rainforest.

  Here, if we use the “Inherent-Adaptation Model” again, if the rainforest is a natural place for us, in that environment, we will be automatically in vivo unless there are special circumstances. It should be able to live depending on the activity based on the original program of human beings that are constructed and are always running or waiting. What is believed to be the natural lifestyle that can be realized in this way can be seen by high-purity hunter-gatherers who still live in the rainforest. It is realized in the form of a “hunting and gathering” that simply hunts and harvests abundant biological resources named the blessings of the forest nurtured by the ecosystem.

  By the way, if you are placed in an environment different from this original environment as the fate of Earth life, humanity will not be able to live with the original lifestyle alone. In order to correct the gap between the human life activity and the environment that occurs there, a special program that is usually asleep in the gene or brain is activated by stress acupuncture caused by environmental incompatibility. The activity must be revealed and an approximation to the hunter-gathering life in the original forest environment must be made. However, in order to do so, it is necessary to spend extra time by investing supplies and energy for adaptation that were not necessary under the original circumstances. Furthermore, when it enters an area where there is no adaptation program that can withstand the gaps with the original environment and life, the <self-disassembly program> starts up, and humans themselves, The process of dismantling and clearing should be followed physiologically and behaviorally.

  This model shows various interesting agreements on the history and lifestyle of modern humans. As mentioned earlier, people in the forest living in the rainforest, which is the natural environment of humanity, can hunt and collect the necessary food directly from the forest that lives in the natural lifestyle. In principle, they do not need to be increased or raised by humans, and the forest itself is born and raised, so it can always be fully obtained if the ecosystem is healthy.

  However, people who have thrown away the forest and moved to a place where they can't afford such grace must recreate and nurture the food that the forest should have given automatically. Disappear. Therefore, extra adaptation activities, such as farming and livestock, that were not necessary in the past, will be used to create and produce foods that have effects similar to those eaten while standing in the forest. In exchange for that, extra material, energy and time must be spent. We call this adaptive lifestyle the primary industry.

  At the stage of industrialization and manufacturing, which are secondary industries built on this structure, and at the stage of advanced industrialization after the tertiary industry, the forest environment and lifestyle are further separated and adaptation The energy increases to the stream. By the way, it is estimated that the total energy required by a genuine Mubuti person in Ituri Forest per day is about 3500 kilocalories. On the other hand, in the highly industrialized society where we live, the energy consumption per person per day can exceed several hundred thousand kilocalories and even reach one million calories.

  Surprisingly, the goals that modern societies that have reached this high level of adaptation are pursuing with the power of science and technology with enormous energy investment, and some have started to achieve at a fairly high level are seen in the material and energy dimensions As long as it can be interpreted as approaching the environment and life of the rainforest as much as possible. As a typical example, let's consider the most luxurious air conditioning that is controlled in a complicated manner, from temperature and humidity fluctuations and wind fluctuations to the adjustment of the concentration of physiologically active chemicals such as ionic composition and phytontite. As a result, it is nothing but a high degree of access to the atmospheric environment typical of tropical rainforests such as Ituri Forest. Also, people who procure various living materials from the nearest convenience store, if there was no register to pay money, in the order that the hunter-gatherers liked the rich blessings of the forest right next to the place of residence Surprisingly similar to the behavior of harvesting. Ohashi, who once came back to Japan from the life of the Ituri Forest where the Mubuti people lived and suddenly realized this shocking reality, had to recombine his ideas and values from the ground up.

  In fact, you can find any number of approximate approaches such as the air conditioners and convenience stores listed here. Looking at them, the science and technology that modern civilization is proud of is a system of adaptive behavior in which humans who are far away from the rainforest are guided by genetic programs to approximate the natural environment and life of the forest. I can't help thinking that it must be.

  This fact strongly suggests that modern Homo sapiens DNA will not still be in a state of motion, with the forest life set as the original. To be sure, the human beings after entering farming and livestock can see various traces of adaptive radiation in terms of habitat, lifestyle, body shape and skin color. Nonetheless, when it counts from the origin of a great ape, it will be over 20 million years, and even if it counts from a branch with a chimpanzee, it will exceed 5 million years, and the forest of the ape's evolution will not deviate from the mainstream In the genes of modern humans that would have steadily continued to improve the functions that make use of the environment, some of them have a time frame of industrialization of about 10,000 years after abandoning the original life of the forest. There must have been almost no rewrite of genetic information related to the backbone of survival, the original place of life and lifestyle. This also supports our model, which assumes that the environment and lifestyle standards preset for human genes are hunting and gathering in the rainforest.

  Looking at the behavior control model based on emotions and sensibility, when human beings live in hunting and gathering, which is their original lifestyle, in the rainforest, which is their original environment, the degree of pleasure is the highest and unpleasant And should be under the lowest stress level. The comfort of the rainforest has already been described repeatedly, but also in terms of lifestyle, the inherent living behaviors stipulated in the human genes of hunting and gathering are both unique desires that would have been preset in DNA. Accompanied by pleasure, humans are apt to do these things, guided by emotional sensibility rewards, the reaction of pleasure and beauty. If there is significant burden, pain, or danger, they remain in a secondary position as a rule and are rarely given priority.

  There are a number of excellent materials that suggest that the correlation between hunter-gathering behavior and emotional sensibility may be based on an original program universally preset by humanity. For example, it is a point that powers and rich people who have acquired the independence of high actions, regardless of whether it is ancient or modern, spend all money, squeeze wisdom, sweat a lot, and pursue the risk without hesitation. The existence of hunting as a hobby that closely resembles the sexual behavior of male animals and the existence of enthusiasm for gathering that transcends the needs of women customers who are developing at bargain sales in department stores, etc. It is truly revelation.

  Second, as the degree of reliance on adaptation programs grows away from these natural environments and lifestyles, humans also discover themselves who feel more pleasant on the one hand and more uncomfortable on the other. become. To be sure, if you take a step into the primary industry, you will have to do extra adaptive actions such as farming and raising livestock that were not necessary in the original way of life in the forest. This adaptive behavior, called “labor”, except for partial and accidental ones, cannot be expected to have a smooth and generous occurrence and fulfillment cycle of the promises and pleasures promised by the genes, such as in hunting and gathering. . Not only that, but the burden and distress become dominant at a very high degree, and the trend of behavior control by the emotional sensibility that “I do not want to select it” becomes remarkable. These are none other than environmental incompatibility reactions in both nature and society. By the way, in order to counter the natural behavior control mechanism by emotion and sensitivity that makes labor more unpleasant and avoiding it than hunting and gathering, in general human society turned to an adaptation mode of industrialization, Bias devices designed with a variety of “swords and whips” such as “power” and “class” and “honor” and “economic value” to force labor not favored by people were developed, configured and maintained, And the control of the conflicts that occur there has further increased adaptation stress and adaptation investment.

  In the industrial society after the secondary industry that has been built on the foundation of such a primary industry, there is a deviation from the original in the field of information environment in exchange for the approach to the original in terms of materials and energy. It has reached the present while showing the tendency to accelerate more dramatically. It is now suspected that the incompatibility between human emotional sensitivity and the information environment is approaching the limits of adaptation, and in some cases, already beyond that, it may have entered the area where <programmed self-disassembly> starts. Make it. The contents of the disassembly mechanism led by the self-disassembly program center on the degradation of the cell itself by hydrolases in single-cell organisms. However, the evolution of life has also evolved this mechanism, and in mankind it has become extremely complex, diversified and refined. In short, it is <gene-determined modern disease>, more specifically, <lifestyle-related diseases> such as cancer and diabetes, <psychophysiology> such as stomach ulcer and asthma, depression, and integration. It covers a very wide range, including mental and behavioral disorders such as ataxia, abnormal violence, and eating disorders, and developmental disorders such as autism and childhood chronic fatigue syndrome. These models apply well to the reality we are facing. As for the sound environment, there is no way to call attention to the seriousness of the problem.

  2. Higher animals that have increased their voluntary behaviors unprecedentedly lack the ability to monitor the information environment in order to avoid entering into the self-disassembly area above all, as well as to ensure the originality and lower the fitness level. Can not. There are a wide variety of sensory sensibility systems that play this role. Among them, there is no doubt that the <auditory system> plays the central role of <sound>, which is the ultimate messenger from the environment, and continues the total sensing of the ecosystem without rest. This monitor system will surely lead to relaxation and comfort in a comfortable feeling in the rich and natural sound space that extends into the rainforest. And as we move to a sound space with a structure away from the original sound environment of human beings, the feeling of comfort is reduced and the stress is increased, thereby generating the motive to seek the return to the original, finally making the sound environment one of the clues It should have guided human behavior to the area. If that doesn't happen, as a crisis management response, try to avoid environmental sounds that are far apart from the original as much as possible, and obtain something that can replace the “unchangeable sound” that was missing from the original sound environment. Will be commanding adaptive behaviors. Almost all approaches to the enlargement of the various acoustic music industries and the improvement of the sound environment that are characteristic of modern society belong to this category of adaptive behavior.

  Furthermore, as an issue that requires particular attention in relation to the programmed self-disassembly model, the emotion and sensitivity are judged if the gap with the original sound environment exceeds the adaptation limit and the nonconformity cannot be resolved. It is necessary to think about the case where it was given. This is because there is no evidence to exclude only <environmental incompatibility of sound> from the starting factors of the self-disassembly program that starts in such a case. Rather, as the ultimate messenger sent from the environment, sound must be the leading role in announcing environmental incompatibility, and it should be safe at least to trigger the possibility of self-disassembly. .

<2-2-4> Reference to the original sound environment of mankind.
Sound Environmental Studies establishes a paradigm that uses the sound of tree spirits in the rainforest as the norm of human sound environment. This will open up new ways of approaching sound, people and the environment that are clearer and more effective than ever before. Because it gives us a concrete comprehensive entity that exists as a reference of the optimal sound environment promised to human genes. The existence of this reference, which corresponds to a proven natural food in terms of substance, is a scientific comparison of various real sound environments produced by man-made and the norms of promised sound environments on concrete indicators. Enable. As a result, we can grasp the range of accurately grasping the specific sound environment of interest and the compatibility with humans, or the gap between them. Mari Schaefer's “sounds to leave, which sounds to spread, and which sounds to increase” can be defined in terms of life science and information science. References or “norms” with such functions have not yet been found in various approaches that have sought to harmonize sound, people, and the environment.

  Needless to say, the sound space of a real rainforest is under great diversity. Nonetheless, from the fact that the present inventors have actually investigated, there is no doubt that there is a unique universal structure that clearly differs from the sound space of the city. Therefore, by setting appropriate parameters, it is possible to capture at least a significant and essential cross section of the sound structure for human beings, and to compare and analyze it with various sound environments that actually exist. Based on this, we will scientifically analyze the relationship between the physical structure and information structure of sound space and its life science effects, create problem solving means, put them into practical use, and evaluate their effectiveness. The vast prospect of opening up.

  However, this approach is significantly more burdensome and constrained in terms of research tools and verification procedures than approaches that have dealt with harmony between sound and people. In particular, the development of ultra-high-sensitivity and ultra-high-precision recording and analysis systems, global fieldwork using them, and physiological experiments centered on brain function analysis have been used for both hardware and software. It will require various aspects of the equipment and methods that cannot be accommodated. In addition, as perceptions of sensory sensations are considered in the framework of science, a strong aesthetic and artistic approach has been demanded in a state of integration with highly natural scientific logic, demonstratives, and advanced technologies. come. In addition, work that takes into account both the theory and practice of verifiability, disprovability, reproducibility, statistical significance, etc. is also required. In addition, unprecedented burdens such as an increase in restraint derived from these conditions, suppression of arbitrariness, and submission of proof of existence with guaranteed reproducibility will be generated.

However, as a fruit that is connected to it, the effectiveness, reliability, rationality, objectivity, precision, etc., make a breakthrough. It is not only for deepening and expanding knowledge in terms of basic academics, but also for clarifying and solving real problems, especially in terms of effective and safe means and methods that stand out from the past. Must lead and bring its fruit.
Here, as the most basic first step to proceed with this approach, we focus on <physical structure> and <information structure> from the three-dimensional perspective that captures the sound environment, and the original sound of human beings deployed in the rainforest. Let's compare the differences between the environment and the sound environment of a modern city that is far from it.

  First, for the most basic sound pressure level of the physical structure, the sound baseline of the rainforest is consistently below 60 dBA. On the other hand, town sounds vary from almost silent levels to extremely loud volumes, and they are discontinuously distributed in time and space. In other words, the sound of mankind and the sound of the city that cracks in the forest is extremely separated in terms of the sound pressure structure.

  Next, when comparing the time density of each environmental sound in terms of frequency distribution, the sound of the forest contains not only the upper limit of human audible frequency of 20 kHz but also abundantly high frequency components that often exceed 100 kHz. This sound has a structure in which power is biased only from the vicinity of 10 kHz to the low frequency side at almost all points except the vicinity of the sound source. Furthermore, when comparing how the frequency spectrum of the ambient sound changes in the micro time domain, the sound of the forest has a high degree of complexity in which the detailed structure of the spectrum is fluctuating and changes constantly. On the other hand, in the city sound, there is only a monotonous structure in which an unusual spectrum appears occasionally and suddenly appears in a flat wave-type repetition with little fluctuation. In this way, at the most basic level of physical structure, there is almost an ultimate structural difference between the sound of the original human forest and the sound of our city ( 3 to 10 and FIGS. 15 to 18).

  Next, let's focus on the difference in the information structure between the sound of the forest and the sound of the city, and compare it from the perspective of the hierarchy of <concrete> <symbol> <joint>. First of all, the sound of the forest creates a meteorite-like baseline that has a complex and varied detailed structure, but never stops the information of highly continuous concreteness. There is a structure in which sex information is concentrated. Furthermore, the symbolic and continual sound information, which is almost limited to human language and music, has a much smaller distribution than the concrete and symbolic sound information, even in the human living area that transmits it. Yes.

  On the other hand, in the city sound, the distribution structure of these three layers of information varies discontinuously depending on the temporal and spatial positions. In most cases, however, the mechanical noise, whose structure is unclear, is in a flooded state, or the discontinuous articulation information that is otherwise generated is dominant. There is a structure that is almost reversed from the sound of the forest. In other words, from the viewpoint of information structure, the difference between the sound of the forest and the sound of the city is so remarkable that it is not easy to find commonality.

  Comparing forest sounds with city sounds more comprehensively, first of all, in a macro structure that is perceptible and clearly understandable, the sound environment of the forest has a rich diversity in each part, but the whole In contrast, the sound environment of a city takes the form of a collection of qualitatively different pieces that are shredded into a large number of spatiotemporal spaces. Therefore, on a macro time-space scale, the sound of the forest shows a simple structure that is uniform and difficult to change, whereas in the sound of a city, the overall structure of the sound changes dramatically when the time and place change. Shows an extremely changing structure. However, this relationship is reversible when we focus on the microscopic areas that make up the details of environmental sounds on a scale of 1 meter or less in space and 1 second or less in time. The sound of the city is characterized by low density, simplicity, and monotonousness with little change, whereas it is characterized by high density, complexity, and constant transformation.

  As described above, the framework for studying the sound of the rainforest established by sound environmental studies as the reference of the original sound environment of mankind is a huge framework related to the collapse of the harmony between humans and the sound environment facing modern society. It provides a new analysis point for problems that are extremely chaotic. Above all, it opens up a way to objectively grasp the discrepancy between the original sound environment suitable for mankind and the sound environment of the city. And the gap between them is [continuity in the sound of the forest] vs. [discontinuity in the sound of the city] at the macro level, and [ultra high density, high complexity, transformation in the sound of the forest] at the micro level. Concentration] vs. [Low density, simplicity, monotonicity in city sounds].

  When the original-adaptive model is applied to this diagram, the original sound environment adapted to mankind is characterized by a complex structure that is continuous in the macro, dense in the micro, and rich in transformation. The urban sound environment is characterized by a discontinuous macro, a low density, simple and monotonous structure in the micro, and it is almost unquestionable that it is the opposite of the sound environment promised by human genes. . As a result, a composition emerges that tells us that the current urban sound environment and human beings are being led by a large deviation from the originality in the physical information structure. Based on this new perception, we investigated and reconstructed the relationship between the sound environment and human survival, with particular attention to the continuity of sound space in the macro, density and complexity, and transformation in the micro. Approach to go into the range. It will provide a breakthrough in acquiring new knowledge and will provide a powerful tool that has never been seen before, especially to solve real problems.

<2-2-5> Sound cut point.
1. I would like to reorganize the point of how to interpret <sound> itself, which is a concrete object directly faced by the environmental science of sound.

  The remote receptive virtual message carried by the ultimate messenger from the environment, Sound, takes the form of an encrypted signal and is based on a codebook embedded within us Only when it is deciphered, reveals its meaning. Some of the senses of sound formed through the auditory system are checked against higher message sets (semantic recording memory) stocked in the brain, such as “Rush of trees”, “Rabbit of Ogawa”, “Birds” The process of listening and recognizing information such as “no twitter”, “the cry of intimidation”, “the word of love”, “the song that praises the gods” proceeds. There is also a process of entering the area of higher brain functions that govern reason and sensitivity. Furthermore, in these processes, there are a wide variety of phenomena that lead to the evaluation of biological value structures such as “pleasure-unpleasant” sensually and “beauty-acupuncture” sensibly for the sound itself.

  The codebook of message decoding that works during this period is, firstly, “inherent and universally preset“ read-only ”ones”, like that for the threatening voice, and secondly "Lust-once" that is unique to the society and culture that was born and raised and that is universal and imprinted in childhood and then fixed after childhood, and thirdly, the street It can be thought that it consists of three types of "random access" that is constantly being rewritten on an individual basis, like how to hear a strange stranger's voice. In addition, there are two areas: <physiological code> that includes areas that are difficult to perceive, and <sensory-sensitive code> or <psychological cognitive code> that constitutes areas that are easily perceived as part of the process. A heavy structure is seen.

  The process of accepting and deciphering complex and layered sounds is not only spreading through a network of dense interactions everywhere, but also between visual and other sensory processes. However, they are expanding their relationships with each other.

  As a means of capturing the message carried by the messenger of sound with complex and diverse organic structures as accurately as possible, the present inventors prepared three types of cut structures that are significantly different from each other but related to each other, An approach that linked them was constructed. That is the focus on three aspects of deciphering the sound environment: physical structure, information structure, and response structure.

  2. The most basic first is the “physical structure” of the vibration phenomenon that the sound itself has. Sound is nothing but a physical phenomenon called elastic waves mainly using air as a medium. Every message carried by sound is buried in the physical phenomenon of vibration. And the reception of sound on the side of life begins from the point of “reception of vibration”. The physical phenomenon called vibration is the starting point of the approach to sound and the ultimate feedback point.

  When air is used as a medium, sound is a phenomenon in which the pressure expands spatially while continuously fluctuating with time, that is, a dense wave. Therefore, it is possible to describe the state of the sound at the measurement point by following the trace of the pressure change as a single index on the one-dimensional time axis. Set various indicators about the basic properties of sound pressure (amplitude) over time, extract constituent factors, quantify each, or derive mathematical formulas and process them mathematically "Visualization" is now being developed as a central means of acoustics.

The most common are the <Noise level> that measures the level of environmental noise and the <Noise level> that is the scale. As a basis of this index, there is a unit called sound pressure level (SPL) that represents the energy carried by the air density wave on a logarithmic scale called decibel (dB). A weight added in consideration of the non-linearity of auditory sensation due to the difference in human sound frequency is <noise level (dBA)>, and the time average value is <equivalent noise level (dBL _Aeq ). > Is now widely used as a de facto international standard.

  The most direct, concrete, or in other words, the least abstract aspect that visually captures the physical structure of sound is the visual change of the air pressure at a certain observation point, that is, the change in sound pressure or amplitude. It can be said to be a time waveform that converts an unexplained phenomenon into an electrical signal and displays it on an oscilloscope cathode ray tube. However, the orderly sound that shows the effectiveness of this method is not so much as a sound phenomenon that exists in nature. Sounds that exist in reality have a complex structure in which vibration components of various frequencies coexist with various intensities, with the exception of artificial sounds created specially electronically or mechanically. Sounds that have the same loudness on the sound pressure level meter, but they are “concentrated on a single frequency”, “if they are divided into several frequency points”, “if they have spread throughout”, etc. The contents are infinitely diverse, and the nature of each sound varies according to them.

  In order to capture the whole picture of such sound, the measure of sound pressure level that focuses only on the loudness of the sound is too simple, and instead a graph showing the relationship between frequency and sound pressure power, that is, frequency power. The spectrum is effective. However, it is much more difficult to measure the spectrum than just measuring the sound pressure. For this reason, methods that divide the frequency into fixed bandwidths and check the average value of power within a fixed time for each division, such as the octave band analysis method and spectrum analyzer (so-called spectrum analyzer), are widely used. Yes.

  To go one step further, it is better to know the power distribution without any breaks over the entire frequency, instead of dividing the frequency roughly. Therefore, there is a means for visualizing and interpreting the nature of sound spaces such as environmental sounds that continuously change irregularly without various vibration components as a continuous sound pressure distribution on the frequency axis, that is, a continuous spectrum. Used routinely. With regard to this, frequency analysis methods against the background of fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm development and the development of computer technology, and various variations thereof, have come to be at the center of sound visualization. For speech with a discontinuous chain structure, <Sonagram>, which shows the discrete spectrum connected on the time axis, is widely used.

  However, these methods show a frequency spectrum that is averaged over a certain period of time on the premise of a steady sound, and inevitably the error becomes remarkably large as the observation time becomes shorter than the waveform period. Lead.

  Because of this difficulty, when analyzing sounds that are extremely lacking in steady state, for example, analysis of transient sounds such as explosive sounds, analysis using a function system based on sine waves and cosine waves, such as wavelet functions Techniques are being developed. However, since the wavelet function suddenly increases from zero and converges to zero, it cannot be said that the wavelet function is highly compatible with sounds that continue to flow continuously, such as environmental sounds.

  In this way, the method of visualizing the sound that is currently mainstream is divided into an analysis method suitable for very stationary sound and an analysis method suitable for extremely transient sound that is transient. However, it is difficult to give a description that faithfully reflects the actual situation of sounds that have natural environmental sounds that change continuously and constantly. In order to overcome these limitations, the present inventors have referred to the maximum entropy method developed by John Parker Berg in the earth science field and the autocorrelation analysis method developed by Koji Akaike in the industrial chemistry field. Thus, the ME spectrum array method (MESAM = maximum spectroarray array method) for visualizing the temporal change of the sound structure has been developed so that the state where the entire spectrum fluctuates in the micro time domain can be described.

  Mari Schaefer said, “Today, many professionals working in sound research—acoustics, psychologists, audiologists, etc.—are not proficient in sound in any dimension other than vision. "Acoustics is just the science of reading what is now visible" "All visual projections of sound are arbitrary and fictional." Certainly, they have a so-called truth.

  That said, of course, the reason for the lack of measurement and visualization of the physical structure of sound is not. In particular, about phenomena that cannot be perceived but are measurable—At the stage of material civilization, once we were unable to perceive measurable material, we suffered severe retaliation from the global environment. The cases are colorless, tasteless and odorless, and can be enumerated, including Minamata disease, which was led by leaving the methylmercury spilled out without any toxicity even if a considerable amount was ingested temporarily. . Some of the sound structures that have some influence on humanity and can be measured as physical quantities, such as the fluctuating structure of the shakuhachi sound, whose sensory responses are difficult to replace with consciousness, <Hypersonic Effect> I don't know how many things are difficult to hear. For this reason, sound environmental studies emphasizes that sensory sensibility and physical measurement should maintain a highly coordinated approach.

  3. The second point of approach to sound is the information structure. For this, we will prepare a category from << Hierarchical Structure >> and a class from << Transmission Function >> and use them according to the problem.

First, regarding the hierarchical structure, some of the sounds that reach our ears can be heard continuously in time, and independent unit structures cannot be heard inside, but they are discontinuous in time. In some cases, sound blocks (modules) with a finite length are chained together. These were hierarchized into three information structures: <concrete>, <symbolism>, and <jointness>.
<Hierarchy with a concrete information structure> is, for example, the so-called “matsukaze sound” heard when hot water is squeezed in a high-quality tea kettle, or the oscillation sound of a sine wave of a specific frequency that is generated electronically in an acoustic laboratory. A sound whose information is carried in the nature that the sound of the same quality lasts for an indefinite period of time, and during that time it does not feel discontinuous, and it can always be heard. Of course, the height, strength, timbre, etc. of these sounds can be continuously changed in response to changes in their generation state and conduction state. The entire information structure of such a sound is composed of the physical phenomenon of air vibration, that is, the signal itself without any abstraction, and its entire concrete structure carries all information. ing. In other words, it is impossible to separate the actual entity of a specific vibration phenomenon from the information it contains. And it reveals various physical or informational structures depending on the cut. We decided to call these sounds “sounds that have a concrete information structure completed at the entity level (concrete sounds)”.

  Strictly speaking, an information structure taking this form is difficult to code into discrete symbols. Therefore, it is distinguished from information that can be coded such as symbolic information and linguistic information, and is positioned as <non-coding information structure> <experience information structure> and <non-communication information structure>. May be effective. In the transmission of sound information that depends only on this format, the differentiation between a message and a signal (signal) is not obvious, and the signal works as a message as it is. If we pay attention to this point, it corresponds to the process of translation and the transfer of direct recognition without the intermediary of cryptography. Therefore, the effects of sound information including this category on humans often have a hybrid nature of direct recognition and indirect recognition. This property poses very complex problems for symbolic processing of such sounds, or for their electronic signal processing and communication.

  <Hierarchy with symbolic information structure> is an independent sound module with a finite length of time that is unique to many sounds such as insect sounds (ne) and bird voices. It is composed of sound particles and has a unique signal structure that becomes a subsystem inside. It forms a pattern composed of the characteristic loudness, pitch, timbre and their temporal changes. This pattern can be a cipher that carries a message, and while it is a single sound module, it has the potential to produce some semantic content by deciphering its internal signal structure at the receiver. When such an effect is introduced, this sound functions as a <symbol> that conveys information. This process can be applied to Shannon's model. In this way, a discrete module of a single sound with a finite time length accompanied by a unique signal structure as a subsystem can be called “a sound with a symbolic information structure (symbolic sound)”. .

  In order to achieve the symbol function, the sound module needs to have a specific sound structure as a parameter (indicator), and at the same time, it is sufficient to have those structures. . That is, when attention is paid to a specific symbolic sound, in order for it to function as a symbol, not all of the substance as a physical vibration, ie, a concrete signal structure, is essential. Focusing on this, it is the abstraction that is the traditional skill of mankind that tries to omit the signal structure other than the index structure, and transmission in signal processing such as band limitation and compression in the recent electronic information processing field This is also the case with volume-saving technologies. However, these processing techniques are not problematic for symbolic sounds, but they can be ignored in principle and practically in systems that are concrete sounds and have a direct cognitive role. Can lead to serious problems that can not.

  The term “hierarchy with an information structure of articulation” refers to words, music, etc. as a higher hierarchy than concrete and symbolic sounds. This is a category with sound information in the form of a symbol or code system in mind. In them, the unit is a word or symbol created by a discrete sound module (single sound) with a specific signal structure similar to that of a symbolic sound module and its combination. A time-series system, that is, a Markov process, that interacts with each other is arranged on the time axis with some kind of organic relation. Depending on the modules used and their arrangement order, various messages can be transmitted. This structure can be grasped in the framework of a system in which sound units having a <double articulation> structure, that is, <words> are linked in a chain, proposed by Andre Martine for human languages. The present inventors pay attention to the fact that there is <joint> as a Japanese language corresponding to the case where articulation [French] representing a segment indicates such a connection structure, and is constituted by an arrangement of such sound modules. We decided to call the system “sound with articulated information structure (articulated sound)”.

  A simple form of information communication that uses sound as a symbol has been found and studied in birds (bovine pine) and mammals (dolphins). Large apes such as chimpanzees are recognized for their ability to communicate using gestures. However, almost all of them take the <additional language system> in which the symbol array has no order effect, and there is a big gap with the <syntactic language system> shown by modern humans.

  Thus, looking at the messenger from the environment of sound as an information system, first of all, “hierarchy with concrete structure (concrete sound)” that cannot be separated from the physical entity of vibration, then the signal A sound module that forms a unique pattern, “hierarchy with symbolic structure (sound of symbolism)”, and “hierarchy with articulated structure” in which discrete sound units with signal structures close to symbolism are connected ( It can be organized in three stages: “articulated sounds”.

  4). With regard to the hierarchy of information having a symbolic structure, unit modules having various functions that are different from each other in general today are not limited to sounds, and tend to be handled together under the name “symbol”. However, at least in sound environmental studies, this approach is too big to be suitable for real use.

  This is because, for example, a monkey's voice signal constitutes a complete system that can convey a unique message with a single sound, and the code that decodes the message and the message content are immobile between the parties (between monkeys) It is functioning as a “symbol” because it is determined as a thing. However, a voice in a human-spoken word has a structure of independent sound modules when viewed as a signal, but it is a layer one level above where various sound modules are arranged in a line on the time axis. It is only one unit or part in the language system that constitutes the <articulated structure>, and it is unique only when they are systematized and deciphered as a structure (a part of text) that reaches the articulated level. A message appears. Moreover, as a feature of the system that takes the Markov process of language, the semantic content fulfilled by a unit (voice) varies depending on the interrelationship between other units arranged in front and back, that is, the context. In other words, a “voice word” composed of a single sound module cannot perform a function comparable to a “symbol” that conveys a unique complete message. In that sense, for sound modules that act as articulated subsystems or units, it is less contradictory to apply to the concept of <symbol> than to apply to the concept of <symbol>.

  On the other hand, with the emergence of communication means such as facsimiles (faxes) and modems in the modern society, the present inventors must consider another category of discrete modules of sound besides symbols and symbols. No longer. In digital communication by sound like fax, a binary encoding method that translates a message into the alternative of "Yes [1]" or "No [0]" along the time axis Take. This sound system corresponds to the articulated structure in terms of carrying messages by the arrangement of independent sound modules as a unit, and is close to words. However, looking at the individual sound modules, they all have the same pulse structure and cannot be distinguished from each other. From this point of view, there is a non-negligible difference between “symbols” in which various modules have their own signal structures. In addition, such pulse trains can be used to depict and communicate some other symbolic, symbolic or concrete sound structure. It would be confusing to treat a sound module that works like this with a “symbol” or “symbol”. Therefore, focusing on the fact that the sound module used is itself completely semantically neutral, this is associated with the concept of <code> and distinguished from symbols and symbols.

  As described above, the discrete sound module having independence in time and signal structure is distinguished from <symbol>, <symbol>, and <symbol> according to its structure and function. Once again, looking at the hierarchical structure as an information system for sound in the environment, it seems that there is no problem in putting the most basic hierarchy into a concrete structure. In addition, independent discrete sound modules are divided into three categories: symbols, symbols, and codes, but code-type ones are rarely considered in relation to the sound environment for the time being. Since inevitably moves to that side because it is an element of the articulated structure, it is appropriate to consider <symbol structure> as an independent hierarchy. Then, for human beings and possibly some animals, a <joint structure> configured as a symbol string is placed as a higher hierarchical level than that. Another approach is to classify sounds that focus on the transmission function. Active communication that humans use sound can be classified into three categories: “Sign”, “Language (language speech)”, and “Music”. Each of them has its own transmission function, which is deeply related to the time structure of the signal. And it leads to very interesting and serious problems.

  With this in mind, if we review the “information structure of sound environment” here again, it is the highest dimension that includes all categories categorized here, both in terms of hierarchical structure and transmission function. It can be seen that the sound system is configured.

  5). The third aspect of sound is the “response structure” that the arrival of the messenger of sound sent from the environment leads into our bodies.

  The events that the first contact of sound or elastic waves with us, including all responses that would be triggered by vibrating the eardrum or the body, including skin and organs, are once in the category of “physiological responses”. Will enter. Among them, the mechanism and function of the <auditory system> performed through the eardrum has become very well known. Along with the complex development of physiological responses, a “sensory sensation (psychological cognitive) response”, which is characterized in that the person can experience the reaction process in a subjective way, is derived on the basis thereof. Since this reaction is perceived by the introspection to a considerable extent, it tends to be captured with emphasis over other reactions. On the other hand, some physiological responses can have a significant impact on our life activities, even though they do not have a strong impact on consciousness. In this regard, attention should be paid to the fact that there are colorless, tasteless and odorless drugs and poisons.

  Currently, the most effective method for capturing physiological responses induced by sound may be various non-invasive brain function analysis methods. The development of methods for observing the activity state from the outside without damaging the brain has been very active in recent years. A brief overview of these methods is to estimate the comprehensive state of the synaptic discharge from the surface potential of the brain (electroencephalogram measurement = EEG), also to estimate it from changes in the magnetic field (cerebral magnetic measurement = MEG), A method of tomographic imaging of blood flow or metabolic activity in the brain using radioisotopes as a tracer (positron emission tomography = PET, single photon emission tomography = SPECT), signals that change due to oxygenation of hemoglobin in the cerebral blood vessels That captures and images images using nuclear magnetic resonance (functional magnetic resonance imaging = fMRI), and a method that also captures information on hemoglobin oxygenation in the cerebral blood vessels as a change in near-infrared absorptance (near-infrared spectroscopy) (Scopy = NIRS), biomarkers related to the autonomic nervous system, such as methods of referring to electrocardiogram, myoelectricity, skin conductivity, etc. That. In recent years, it has been known that the presence of neuroactive substances, hormones, immune activities, and the like composed of neurotransmitters and related substances in body fluids is also a good indicator.

  6). Among sensory sensation responses, sensory response is the first conscious brain response that occurs when various environmental information such as sound is received. It is a universal physiological response that reflects pattern recognition in the initial stage. As a strong personality. There is a broadening of the spectrum from strong nonverbal responses related to the presence or absence of acupuncture and physiological pleasure and discomfort to psychological and cognitive responses that are easy to understand in language. Kansei reaction, on the other hand, is a complex response structure that integrates linguistic / non-linguistic, self-aware and non-awareness derived as the final result of all information processing processes in the brain including the higher brain where input information develops as acupuncture. Is shaped. In addition to innate responses that are universal to humankind, there are reactions with specificities that are determined by the temporal and spatial domains of history, society, and culture, and reactions that reflect their uniqueness and history for each individual. Is a multi-layered and complex response with high individuality.

  The word “Kansei” was originally ordinary and general Japanese, and its meaning was characterized by Japanese ambiguity and ambiguity. In recent years, however, terms and concepts such as “Kansei Science”, “Kansei Engineering”, and “Kansei Information Processing” have been proposed as academic tools in the field of science and engineering, and have already been used in earnest. I'm starting to break. However, at the present time, it has not been established since the introduction of the concept of sensibility into the field of science, and common recognition has not yet been established. Therefore, in environmental studies of sound, a conceptual tool for "Kansei" and "Kansei brain" responsible for its function is composed and used tentatively, mainly in the context of the structure and function of the brain. Let's organize them again and set the concept of sensitivity. Prior to that, we will discuss the mechanisms and functions of the brain that control the behavior of higher animals.

  Almost all emotional responses in the narrow sense, such as the arousal of eating behavior corresponding to hunger and its cessation in response to fullness, the occurrence of fear and the escape of responding to the appearance of predators, are almost all behavior programs preset in the brain stem and those It is controlled in a very reflexive manner by the most primitive pleasant / unpleasant reaction, or emotion, associated with it. The output of the brain stem, which is the driving force of this primitive desire and pleasure / discomfort, is amplified in series by the limbic system and fosters feelings such as emotion and emotion, that is, emotion or emotion. Call them or output them to the environment as audiovisual information such as facial expressions and voices, and work on other creatures such as the same kind to lead to a situation that is advantageous for achieving the purpose. The function of the mind formed by the brain stem and limbic system is sometimes collectively referred to as <emotion>. <Emotional control by emotion> is a fundamental mechanism that guides the behavior of animals to the “original” side, which has a mechanism like a spear and a whip, and has a low adaptive load promised by genes.

  However, the low rate of fulfillment of actions that are linearly controlled only by the program of emotions, as taught by the end of hunting and courtship. In such a case, it seems that the negative cortex, which seems to counter the action of emotion at first glance, is improving success through strategic tactics such as ambush and detour with patience, mainly in the cerebral neocortex, especially the prefrontal cortex. It can be said that <reason> works as a base.

  In other words, while the reason seems to be at odds with the emotion at first glance, its action is never the opposite of the emotion that has been said so far. Just like a negative feedback circuit that improves the performance of an electronic device, it works as a phenomenon while suppressing the emotion, but as an effect it functions as a support device. The analogy is “a thoughtful but humorous subject who faithfully supports the lord”. From this point of view, reason corresponds to the auxiliary circuit of emotion.

  As a feedback control mechanism that induces the work of reason to a higher level, sublimates it from mere purpose rationality, and reaches the border of true goodness and beauty, we view the work of “Kansei”. It plays a role in the brain stem and the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which is said to be the most advanced brain, and the monoaminergic nerves including the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). This is a system constituted by a group of projection systems. This system is suitable to be called <Sensitive brain>. It can be said that it is a complex system composed of various actions that aim for true goodness in terms of positive feedback and various actions that avoid false injuries in terms of negative feedback. This makes it possible to apply feedback control for inducing behavior to each part of the brain region to which the projection is made. This system is directly connected to various areas in the brain, including the reason that has been regarded as the "higher order" of human brain function as a conventional wisdom, directly from the brain stem that is the origin of desire and behavior itself. By adopting a circuit configuration for sending control signals, it stands at the top of the multiple feedback circuit of the brain involved in behavior control and completes the entire system. Looking at this circuit, the logic explained by <reason>, which was supposed to be at the top of human thought and judgment in the past, is actually a monoaminergic neuroprojection system. It is noteworthy that it has a structure that must follow the aesthetics of <Kansei>, which is told as a "voice of cranes" (Fig. 28).

  For the circuit of the brain that acts as a whip and whip, such as pleasurableness and beauty, such as <Emotion> and <Sensitivity> That's it. These control our behavior by a kind of function control. We organized them as a “action control model by emotion and sensitivity”. This circuit works so that when the place of stagnation and behavior are of the <original area>, the pleasant feeling is the highest and the unpleasant feeling (stress) is the lowest. This makes it easier to preferentially select an action toward the original area. However, when life deviates from the <applicable area> and enters the <self-disassembly area>, the phase of emotion and sensibility is reversed by 180 degrees, and the feeling of discomfort increases at the same time that the self-disassembly is significant. And start working to be the opposite on the survivable side. This accelerates the action of driving the animal to the side of self-destruction in a state where it is difficult to turn back again (FIG. 26).

  The presence of <A110 nervous system> is interesting as a typical example of the function of the sensory brain. The neurons (neurons) that make up this circuit place the base <cell body> in the <middle ventral tegmental area> above the brain stem, and from there to the prefrontal cortex, which is the highest region of the brain. Axons> are spread directly and concentrated, and the neurotransmitter dopamine accumulates in its enormous synaptic terminals and waits. Then, in response to the incident, the dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft and ignites a mechanism that generates a physiological reward called “pleasure” in the higher brain. It must have a positive feedback effect as a powerful <reward system>.

  A variety of monoaminergic neuroprojection systems, such as the medial forebrain bundle, have been found that use noradrenaline and serotonin as well as dopamine as well as various responses. Some of them are expected to work as negative warnings as a <warning system> by generating a sense of disgust or jealousy that can be called a negative sensitivity reaction. It is not difficult to imagine that the control action exerted when these various actions work comprehensively will reach a very sophisticated and outstanding level.

  Based on this background, “Kansei” is defined as “the most important behavioral control mechanism (including thinking) in the brain that makes positive emotions an essential attribute and exerts control effects on higher brain activity. Is defined. In this case, pay special attention to “reason” as a higher brain function to be controlled. In addition, the “sensory brain” is a concept related to the hardware in the brain responsible for such functions. Specifically, “the monoaminergic neuroprojection that develops into brain brain and brain regions including the higher brain from the brain stem. It is defined as a system configured by system integration.

  Of the sensory-sensitive responses that can be considered as psychological or cognitive responses, it is natural that new ingenuity is necessary to approach new sounds, but overall, experimental psychology, cognitive science, and acoustic psychology The vast accumulation of methodologies based on the above is available. On the other hand, the standard sensory-sensitive response for humankind that everyone has can in some cases be a circuit that approaches the truth of sound more accurately than academic methods. The only means of LP advocates who had been ridiculed by academism in the “LP-CD” debate once was the sensibility of amateurs, and it was the result of the discovery of hypersonic effects. It was revealed that it was. The background is full of revelation and lessons.

  Finally, one important consequence of the body's physiological and sensory response processes is that various behavioral responses may be output to the environment in response to the received sound. The inventors pay attention. It forms infinitely diverse and enormous areas, ranging from the very simple reflex responses found in insects and fish to the intricate behaviors that involve higher human brain functions.

  The development of the method of detecting and measuring behavioral responses to sound has historically been new and is emerging and developing in a state adjacent to the measurement of sensory response. Some of them are being developed that can detect responses that are difficult to capture in consciousness and language, and there are high expectations for the future.

<2-3> Continuous and discontinuous.
<2-3-1> Why is the blue celestial moth?
1. There is no sign in the sky that spreads over the reeds. Blue celestial spider

  There may be a celestial body in such a discontinuous space where such discontinuous phenomena are repeated repeatedly. Among the solar system families in the immediate vicinity, there are stars such as Mercury, where the temperature drops from 350 ° C in the daytime to minus 170 ° C at night, and Venus, where the rain of concentrated sulfuric acid flies in the atmosphere at 500 ° C.

  If there were life that lived on a tiny celestial body called elementary particles, the seeds that would thrive there must have gained an evolutionary advantage by making the blue celestial buds friends, food, and use. Those who live in a world dominated by quantum theory have discontinuities that switch from one state to a completely different state without any sign or remnant, with the space of time being cut into pieces and disconnected from each other Must live in an optimal environment. And for them, the blue sky is an expression that describes everyday, peaceful and comfortable situations.

  However, for Earth Life, the meaning of the blue sky is at the other end of the spectrum, with the emergence of unforeseen circumstances, the divergence of everydayness, and in most cases nothing other than the announcement of the crisis. . Where does this difference come from? It is because the global environment that we live in is composed of a single space-time system that is uninterrupted and expands endlessly. Based on being under structure that must be questioned.

  There are almost no macro events that can clearly recognize earth life, and they are based on strong continuity and interaction that spread in space and time. Whatever the phenomenon, it is inherently difficult to suddenly appear or disappear in a time-spatial state without any signs or aftermath.

  For example, even in the “thunderbolt” that should be a representative example of a suddenly occurring event, the uneven distribution of electrons between the thundercloud and the earth developed abnormally and became huge, and eventually the potential drop reached its limit. is there. This process is a continuous change in time and space, and if we measure it with an appropriate method, we can get a sign of it. Of course, there is no denying the possibility that some form of life senses the signs. In addition, the thunder squeezed by lightning strikes first appears as an impulsive pressure difference corresponding to a momentary discharge, but it cannot be concluded by itself. It immediately produces elastic waves as repetitive vibrations in the atmosphere and the earth. The wave not only propagates over a wide area over a period of time, but also leads to reflections and interference in the process, and it is complicated over a long period of time that cannot be compared with the time of discharge, which is a direct event. To spread the aftermath. In this way, even if it is a physical event such as lightning that represents a transient phenomenon where the continuity and interaction constraints are relatively short as ground events, the signs and remnants are not negligible. .

On the other hand, the molecular chemical events that make up the substance of Earth's life, in particular the chemical changes that play a major role, are far greater than the ratio of physical events such as lightning in terms of continuity and strength of interaction. By the way, free electrons that play a leading role in the dynamic aspect of electromagnetic phenomena can transmit electrical energy at a speed close to the speed of light, which is the upper limit of the speed that can be achieved in this universe. On the other hand, in water, which is the greatest material force of Earth life, H ₂ O molecules, which should have been spatially independent discontinuous particles, are bound to about 7 kilocalories per gram molecule. They are linked to the nearest other H ₂ O molecules by energetic hydrogen bonds, which are intricately bound to each other to form a causal mass liquid system. The resulting molecular system of “water” not only allows hydrogen bonds between the H ₂ O molecules that are the elements of the system, but also makes it easy to connect with various other types of molecules. Create and combine similar bonds with each other. This phenomenon is the dissolution of a substance in water, and almost all the elementary processes of the life activity of the earth in the form of molecular interactions and structural changes in the aqueous solution thus created, that is, chemical reactions in the aqueous solution. Progresses.

  In addition, the chemical reaction process itself emphasizes continuity in that the number of molecules and reactions that make up a phenomenon takes an extremely large number of values. For example, in the process of combining oxygen and hydrogen to produce one gram of water, approximately 1.67 × 1022, or 1.67 trillion, 10 million times as many oxygen molecules and 3.35 × 1022, or 3.35 trillion, hundreds. 5.02 × 1022, or 5.02 trillion, 10 billion times more molecules combined with 100 million times more hydrogen molecules. This number is 8.23 trillion times the total population of the earth at the beginning of the 21st century, about 6.1 billion. Because of this ultra-high density at the element level, the basic unit of chemical reaction itself is composed of discontinuous phenomena such as collision, coalescence, and division of molecules that form a single cluster in a spatially independent manner. The reality of chemical reactions for Earth life is realized as a typical continuous process in spatiotemporal space.

  Biological events built on the background of such chemical events will further amplify continuity and interaction, and the complexity will increase without limit. As a result, biological events are rising, progressing, and ending, are much slower than physical and chemical events, and do not end up being more closely related to other events. I ca n’t. Therefore, everything is inevitably accompanied by large and diverse signs and aftermath. The environment in which such earth life gathers constitutes an ecosystem that is an advanced organism including various living things and inanimate objects, and everything in the forest is extremely intertwined with each other. There, continuity and interaction have become even more striking, reaching an exaggerated state that there can be no sign or remnant event.

  There is no doubt that life on earth, especially animals, has evolved in the direction of maximizing the use of the structure of ecosystems that are based on such continuity and the laws that they lead. Predict the future of ecosystems that involve themselves based on the various signs read in the message from the environment, program action plans, and act as well as signs of the coming events The reading mechanism will continue to evolve while spending more than several hundred million years. If this was an ecosystem controlled by quantum theory, the creatures might roll dice rather than read the signs.

  However, the highly stable loop of information that circulates between the life and the environment found in the global ecosystem is not as universal or permanent as it is nearly complete. Sometimes it cuts off and cuts off discontinuously, trembling animals.

  One of them is the so-called natural disaster, that is, the emergence of a remarkable event of force majeure beyond the category of life activity that occurs in the earth sciences and astronomical territories. An example might be the fall of a huge meteorite on the Yucatan peninsula, which is said to have stabbed a dinosaur that was already under the setting sun, mimicking a drastic change in weather about 65 million years ago.

  The other is a group of artificially directed and radical behaviors that belong to the category of life activity and form part of the animal's survival strategy. No. In this case, as the predator strongly suppresses the transmission of information that predicts its existence based on some evolutionary or intentional tactics and succeeds in creating a fictitious peaceful and comfortable environment, the transition of the situation becomes less likely. As continuity increases, the effect of the attack is further enhanced, and the impact on both the mind and the body that occurs in the prey is increased. In our neighborhood, even if such a situation involving human behavior is perceived in the victim's standpoint, it is often referred to as a blue sky trap in the analogy with a force majeure natural disaster. In fact, there may have been much more this figurative symbolic example in the vast use from the time this word was developed in people living in mainland China to the present.

  In this celestial body, whether it ’s a natural disaster or a human being, the blue sky that creates a break in the passage of time is not a miraculous exception. In short, almost all blue sky traps are undeniable events, many of which are associated with serious disasters. The “discontinuity and discontinuity of environmental information”, as symbolized by the blue sky, is in principle incompatible with Earth life, and it can be considered that they lead to a high level of warning response and stress. In other words, “continuity of environmental information” is nothing but a basic message that guarantees comfort and peace.

  2. The remote reception system for animals that monitor the environment using sound and light as messengers has great expectations and responsibilities for sensing discontinuous events and their aftermath that are indicators of “unfavorable events” that occur in the environment. There is no doubt that it is imposed. So how do we deal with such discontinuous events in both the visual and auditory systems? Of great interest here is the tremendous gap lying between sight and hearing in how to accept discontinuous and discontinuous signals.

  In fact, in the visual field, the blue sky moth may not be so shocking. This is because the <contour>, which constitutes the most important area in the visual image, is nothing but the broken image that an object existing in the world produces on the boundary with the other. It is probably the largest version of the original rare discontinuous structure in the environment. The ability to detect such spatial disruption is a fundamental and important role in vision, so vision must be able to perform its intended function if we are shocked each time we encounter a disruption.

  In addition, all visual images are cut off suddenly when the bag is closed, and immediately reappears when opened. That is, it switches discontinuously between zero and everything. By the way, the term “instantaneous”, that is, “time to flutter” is used as a term for the minimal time that governs the change in discontinuity. Furthermore, the easy action of looking directly at the sun allows the visual system to accept excessive input that exceeds the processing limit, resulting in temporary inoperability. Thus, when hitting the sun, our visual system is quickly switching input from zero to full scale. For visual systems with this nature, discontinuous changes in signal input over a large dynamic range are not necessarily specific or rare, and cannot lead to the impact that is expected from the word blue sky. Probability is high. In order to break the wall of insensitivity, it would be necessary to devote yourself to widening the pupil in a dark room and striking a strobe, or to suddenly appear a predator in front of you, covering the entire field of view.

  In this way, it is difficult to think of vision as the leading role of the sensor for discontinuous changes in environmental information symbolized by the blue sky. Rather, the visual triggering of shock and fear is rather duller than the auditory sense, in which the visual image that symbolizes the fatal situation recognized through the analysis and the semantic memory are linked. It may consist of higher level pattern recognition levels.

  3. The auditory system's response to discontinuous changes in the signal coming from the environment can be more faithful, more sensitive, and even surprisingly more precise than the visual system. The background of its fidelity is different from the visual system that can block all input by the heel, and the auditory system itself that can not be closed by one's own will and can be opened without interruption at all times. It is in the continuous continuity of. For such an auditory system, changes in information input based on environmental changes must be much easier to capture than the visual system. This is because, in a visual system that constantly tracks an object based on the autonomy of the animal subject, the baseline of the visual image space that constitutes the changing visual field is constantly changing considerably. To extract only the changed parts that deviate from the environmental constancy from such changes and detect them as information, it would be necessary to have a considerably complicated processing procedure.

  On the other hand, in the auditory system that continues to accept all environmental information input faithfully from a fixed point observation because it cannot be operated autonomously, there is a constant homeostasis in monitoring the state of the wave appearing on the one-dimensional time axis. Because it is only necessary to discover a phenomenon that does not apply to the region, unusual discontinuous changes are likely to be detected more quickly, easily and more sensitively than the visual system. Therefore, sudden emergence of sounds that are not constantly present in the environment or sudden disappearance of sounds that are constantly present is much more sensitive and perhaps somewhat more sensitive in the auditory system than visual. Regardless of this, it will be more stressful. This is because birds and mammals with developed vocal organs send alerts and action suggestions to other individuals as sound signals, and many of the calls that call for them are not sound structures that are easy to distinguish from background sounds. It can be seen from the tendency to adopt a pattern that emphasizes continuity (however, in a bird alarm call, a fade-in / fade-out type control may be performed so that the natural enemy does not detect the position of the caller).

  Empirically, such shocking responses in the auditory system have a large dynamic range and are accompanied by sufficient analytical action. There is probably an energy difference of over a billion times between the amplitude of the sound of twigs breaking in the woods of the forest, the bursting sound of a peacock ball at the foot, and the bursting sound of a large firearm nearby. We accept them in terms of both quality and quantity, and have a shock response appropriate for each.

  The auditory system with these properties works most directly as a sensor for disruptive and discontinuous changes in information input that reflects changes in environmental ecosystems such as the blue sky. It is very likely that

  This raises a serious and serious problem that has hardly been pointed out in the sound environment of modern cities. Contrary to the advanced spatio-temporal continuity of the sound environment of the natural forest of mankind, the sound of the city is cut indefinitely by the spatiotemporal discontinuity. The myriad sound faults that lie there are waiting for the “human beings who can be at ease for the first time in a continuous sound environment” to prepare for the experience of some of the blue-sky sound. It will be. When you encounter it, the brain's crisis detection circuit is stimulated through the auditory system, which is the main axis of the sensor for environmental discontinuity, and the emergence of an unusual situation, the scattering of everydayness, and the shock that announces the arrival of the crisis Reactions and warning reactions will sound in the body. At the same time, they evoke stress-related negative sensory responses, including discomfort and aversion, and do not require adaptation actions including avoidance or escape to encourage return to the original or rejection to the current environment.

  Furthermore, the most terrible situation is the disruption of the continuity of sounds that continue to attack urban residents, and the divergence from the original sound environment, such as the wavy attacks of sound faults, exceeding the limits of adaptive ability promised by genes. Consider the case of expansion or persistence. This is because the possibility of triggering the <self-demolition program> prepared in the gene as well as the <primary-adaptation program> increases significantly. It derives lifestyle-related diseases as physiological self-disassembly and behavioral disorders as behavioral self-disassembly in a state that drives itself toward destruction with a reversal of the phase of pleasant-unpleasant reactions.

  When approaching the stressful urban sound environment where you must continue to experience the “small blue sky trap” each time you open and close the door, carefully introduce a new cut of “continuity and discontinuity”. It can be said that it is essential to conduct a careful examination again.

<2-3-2> Analog and digital.
1. Focusing on changes in the sound environment caused by urbanization, especially regarding sound and civilization, the important points of “continuous” and “discontinuous” emerge. About this, it is desirable to return to the starting point and rethink it, and prepare the thinking material enough. Here, I would like to consider the framework of <Analog> and <Digital>, which has a history that cannot be ignored as a conceptual tool to deal with such problems, and is highly general and well-ripened. To describe what analog and digital are in one word, “analog is a scientific and technological concept that represents a continuous structure”, and “digital and scientific concept that represents a discontinuous (discrete) structure”. It ’s okay. Every thing phenomenon cannot be independent of either or both of these two properties.

  Looking at the Earth itself as an example of an event with a particularly complex and advanced structure within our reach, both analog and digital properties have reached the ultimate level. . For such an event, it is essential to have a line of sight from both analog and digital. On the other hand, as an example of an event having the simplest and simplest structure, there is an information system of <binary encoding> composed of only two symbols [1] and [0]. This is nothing but the ultimate discrete structure. In principle, only a digital line of sight is essential. As a general trend, concrete events and events with entities are deeply related to the analog structure, and as the level of abstraction increases, analogity becomes sparse and relatively digital is emphasized. For example, an event accompanied by a physical quantity standard <CGS unit> (ie, length (cm) / mass (g) / time (sec)) has a strong analog property, and the analog property becomes thinner as the distance from the CGS unit increases. There is a tendency for digitality to become stronger (FIG. 29).

  In the actual event, analog and digital create a variety of relationships, and change their appearance depending on the point of view. For example, the weight of a person is a continuous continuous amount, and since there is a value at any time, it is continuously continuous. This system consists only of an analog structure, and all of its elements belong to the CGS unit system. On the other hand, the number of people in a room can be counted at any time, so it is continuous in time, but the number is one person, two people, and so on. Analog and digital coexist. In addition, meteorological data measured at every hour, for example, atmospheric pressure, is measured discontinuously at each time set at an interval of one hour. This is also a system in which analog and digital coexist. The scale of a digital clock is a digital-only system in which symbols (numbers) that switch discontinuously in units of seconds appear on a discontinuous time axis in increments of 1 second. The symbol itself is abstract and not tied to a CGS unit.

  As an important point of view, let's sort out analog and digital in the structure and functions of Earth Life. In principle, the elementary processes of earth life consist of chemical reactions that proceed in aqueous solution. Nerve transmissions that run electrical impulses, human movements and thoughts are no exception, and their entities proceed as chemical reactions, and there is no specific form of in-vivo information communication or system control that is not a chemical reaction.

  Chemical substances that make up life phenomena form an independent object called a molecule and have a unique structure. They are digital in terms of independent objects and analog in terms of their unique structure. A chemical reaction occurs and proceeds according to certain rules governed by an analog molecular structure to form a new molecule when two or more molecules are directly encountered, except when the molecule itself decomposes. The information polymer DNA unique to a living body digitally describes the amino acid sequence of a protein by a combination of three of four types of monomers (unit molecular structure) constituting the DNA. In the <regulatory enzyme> that has the function of controlling substance metabolism, one molecule of catalysis is caused by an analog reaction in which a specific molecule fits into an electronic lock in the keyhole structure called <allosteric site> that is responsible for switching its activity. Digitally controlled on-off in units.

  In this way, chemical phenomena related to life are digital phenomena in which an analog property related to its three-dimensional structure is emphasized inside a molecule, and an integer number of molecules are gathered and separated according to a certain rule between molecules. Show. On the other hand, the number of molecules that make up life is extremely large (approximately 108 to 109 cells / cell excluding water), and the rate of biochemical reactions is also considerably high (catalyzed by enzymes). Reactions usually range from 103 to 104 times per molecule (108 times per second is fast), so when looking at the flow of chemical reactions that make sense for life, the digital involvement of individual molecules is virtually It doesn't have a big meaning, and it fits analog reaction kinetics. Moreover, cleverly organizing such analog responses creates digital processes such as impulse transmission of motor and cerebral cortical neurons. In this way, the structure of life composed of analog and digital hierarchies and reciprocity exists as an a priori property that cannot be changed by any science and technology.

  2. When measuring a natural scientific approach to an event, it is often useful to prepare specific scientific and technical procedures that are highly compatible, taking into account the analog and digital structures of the subject and the purpose of the approach performed there. become. For example, in the engineering field, they have been divided into continuous-time systems and discrete-time systems, and each has a unique processing system. On the other hand, in the area related to telecommunications and computers, from the high effect of digital information processing, even when originally intended for a continuous structure, it is temporarily <encoded> into a digital signal, After the digital information processing procedure is added, <decoding> to <analog signals> <coding> has come to be widely adopted.

  How can we translate an event that has an analog structure and a strong physical property into digital information that can be processed by high-speed digital communications or computer processing? It is necessary to separate from the physical entity and the CGS unit system as much as possible and replace with pure encoded information having a high degree of abstraction. Ideally, it should be translated into two codes [1] and [0]. In addition, since the basic concepts of communication and computers so far presuppose a one-dimensional information flow, even a multi-dimensional or comprehensive event can be expressed sequentially and logically on a one-dimensional time axis. Must be translated into a typical information form.

  The <pulse code modulation (PCM)> method is currently the most widely used method as an almost decisive means for converting an analog signal to a digital signal (AD conversion for short). Unlike all <Pulse Time Modulation (PTM)> lacking quantization and <Pulse Number Modulation (PNM)> lacking coding, this has reached almost complete abstraction. The analog structure of the input signal has the principle of accurately describing and describing it in digital text, and while copying the target object deterministically, all other information (noise) is limited. It has the potential to be suppressed, and is also resistant to attenuation associated with information transmission, and has a high reputation and track record mainly in the information communication field.

  This system is configured as follows. First, <sampling> is performed on an input one-dimensional analog signal (a multidimensional structure such as an image or a moving image is translated into one-dimensional information in advance by a method such as scanning). . This is a process of extracting a value (amplitude) of an input signal at a <sampling point> discretely configured on the time axis, and is a <PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) wave> or <time An array of analog quantity pulses called a sequence> is obtained. Next, <quantization> is performed. Here, the amplitude value of each PAM wave obtained by sampling is applied to a scale constructed discretely by a binary system and rounded off to be digitized. This value is usually encoded into a binary bit array using electrical or optical impulses. <Quantization error> occurs because details are raised and lowered at the quantization stage. However, increasing the number of quantization bits can increase fidelity and reduce the error.

  In communication systems and computers, many inputs must be processed after binary encoded digital information and then restored (decoded) to analog signals before being output. This digital-to-analog conversion (DA conversion for short) includes the reverse flow of encoding, derives a PAM wave from a binary code string, and outputs a one-dimensional analog wave based on this. The PCM system, which has been enhanced with advanced related technologies, including correction of errors and information compression that occur in these processes, is an indispensable tool for information communication and computer use that supports the modern society. Penetration and its obvious and potential impacts are immeasurable.

  Furthermore, there is an analog-to-digital mutual conversion method based on <high-speed sampling 1-bit quantization> developed by information engineer Yoshio Yamazaki using this PCM method as a prototype. That is, the ΣΔ (sigma delta) method, one of the AD conversion methods for PCM, is reborn, and the functions are overwhelmingly improved while achieving both high performance and simplification of signal processing procedures. Technology. The main point is that the signal amplitude is encoded with 1 bit of [1] [0], focusing on the increase / decrease of the amplitude of the signal on the measurement points set extremely densely and precisely on the time axis. It is an elegant thing that can be realized with a simple low-pass filter, and it is not easy to truncate information at the quantization stage, which is the fate of the multi-bit method. In spite of problems such as the processing of so-called 1-bit noise that accompanies the principle, signals from DC (direct current) to a very high frequency band exceeding 100 kHz can be encoded very efficiently, and in addition to other formats. The conversion is easy and the sound quality is very good, so that the application is rapidly expanding especially under the name of DSD (Direct Stream Digital) mainly for recording and reproducing music.

  3. In this way, modern digital information processing continues to develop endlessly and is growing into an indispensable partner for us. In particular, the binary coding system composed of only two elements, [1] and [0], has led to the outstanding functions of digital computers and high-speed, large-capacity digital communications, and the gods compared to before its appearance. The intellectual activity of mankind was made to fly to a height that should be comparable to that of the seat. Its abstraction opens the way to universally handling information, in other words, freely handling information without being constrained from any physical quantity. At the same time, it takes all information processing under deterministic conditions that are completely unambiguous, that is, captures perfection within range. Therefore, if you target a problem with an originally discrete structure that fits this approach, you can expect to find a very sophisticated and sometimes complete answer due to its versatility and perfection.

  When the compatibility with the object reaches such a high level, the effect of this type of encoding process becomes significant. Directly, first, the recording, storage, and transmission of events are realized to a very high degree in accordance with the precise and definitive informationization of events. In addition, the effect produced by moving a computer that has been put into practical use for the first time by describing information in binary notation is even more remarkable. It paved the way for a given code system to move autonomously and powerfully, in terms of logical operations, analysis, inference, prediction, etc., acting on behalf of the human brain, often far beyond human ability Achieve highly.

  One of the simplest and most vivid examples can be seen in the trajectory calculation that predicts the relationship between the firing conditions and the landing point of the shell, which was a major motivation for the development of the current von Neumann digital computer. This is nothing but the effect of processing computations that are too complicated for human beings in large quantities, at high speed and accurately, far exceeding human capabilities. Similarly, examples of deriving highly reliable analysis results from vast amounts of data include countless advanced measurement and analysis techniques, including non-invasive brain function analysis and radio telescopes. As an example of a new topic, there is a virtual reality technology that calculates artificial sensory information through extremely complex and high-speed calculations and makes it feel as if it were a real world. Furthermore, the activity, which is widely called simulation, deserves special attention as a new ability in the hands of mankind. Specific examples of this are the analysis of individual sequences by cutting long sequences of gene DNA, and the time required for genome analysis and estimation of their combined images and overall images from a tremendous amount of computation. Therefore, in the past, experimental tests have been in desperate difficulties, and the evolution of Earth life has made it possible to carry out effective experiments on computers, such as <Artificial Life>. Derived.

  Although this encoding process is a gateway to powerful computer use, if the structure of the subject problem itself has, in part, continuity, the code In the process, the continuous structure must be broken down based on some working hypothesis, which leaves room for various negative effects. As a problem that leads to incompatibility between this continuity system and digital information processing, the analog structure that originally takes the form of a physical entity itself is separated from that entity and rewritten into a highly abstract form of digital data. The “decoding” stage and the “decoding” stage where the analog structure is revived from the code become particularly serious.

  As can be seen from the PCM method described above, the basic process of conversion from analog to digital is based on a certain work hypothesis, and the object is divided into very small time-space areas, and each physical quantity is measured and abstracted. It is nothing but to rewrite it into a simple numerical value and describe it as a huge symbol string. In terms of sound, this corresponds to measuring the amplitude (sound pressure) at each measurement point (sampling point) set on the time axis and writing it down in great detail. The measurement of all physical quantities is realized by ignoring the others in the form of setting a specific section based on some working hypothesis. Therefore, a problem arises if what was truncated in this process was not something that could actually be ignored. Among such problems, special attention must be paid to “dimension truncation” and “density truncation”.

  First, considering the dimension, digital information processing in the present is fundamentally and realistically a discrete sequential process on a one-dimensional axis. Nothing other than processing. The process of encoding a multidimensional continuous object using a medium having such restrictions and putting it on the flow of digital information processing involves an essential problem. As a means of examining this problem, the Shannon model that extends the communication system to a multidimensional information space is useful. That is, when a signal space with information has a multidimensional continuous structure, in order to faithfully deliver the spatial structure to the destination, copy the continuous object without losing any one point while maintaining continuity. In addition, there is a need for topological mapping that can be restored by inverse mapping. This principle itself is difficult to harmonize with digital processing based on discontinuity. In order for this mapping to hold, it is a condition that the dimension of the signal space of the information source matches the dimension of the circuit space. Here, when the dimension of the circuit space is smaller than that of the information source, it is a trade-off that "the dimensional match does not hold in order to maintain continuity, and the continuity cannot be maintained if the dimensions match." Contradiction occurs. And the electronic communication circuits that we currently have are essentially limited to a one-dimensional circuit space, with few exceptions.

  The problem with density truncation is quite complex because it can be reasonable or irrational. First, a digital conversion process such as PCM necessarily involves a sampling process. Since it measures the physical quantity of the object at discrete points in time or space, all the continuous structures originally contained in the object are once dismantled. However, for a completely band-limited signal, it is assumed that the original continuous structure can be restored if the band is kept below the Nyquist frequency (in this case, quantization is ignored).

  Therefore, in terms of short-circuiting, continuity should be ensured by setting infinite sampling conditions. In practice, however, this practice is practically difficult. The fundamental explanation of this problem originated in the famous "Maxwell Devil", which was shown by information scientists Leo Shirard and Leon Brillouin. This is made possible by the idea that energy must be injected according to accuracy. In other words, if the accuracy is to be increased, the energy for measuring and determining the physical quantity that is the source of information will increase without limit, and the reality will be lost.

  So when is the encoding process able to claim sufficient validity in real sound transmission? Examples of this can be seen at the level of <symbol> or <sign> in the hierarchy of the information structure of sound. In the communication using the sounds made by humanity as messengers, certain sound modules function as <symbols> in the case of <signals> and <symbols> in the case of <words>. For this purpose, each sound module must have a sound structure in itself that serves as a parameter for displaying the semantic content. In this case, it is sufficient that such parameters are provided as much as necessary, and there is no need for other structures, but it may also make recognition difficult and difficult.

  Considering this point and thinking about the actual sound, it is about the processing of the <articulation> (linguistic) information in which the sound module that works as <symbol>, especially the sound module that works as <symbol> is chained If digital conversion is achieved that is dense enough to describe the structure of the indicator as accurately as necessary, the message can be transmitted sufficiently accurately, and this process has a high level of reasonableness. You can expect sex.

  On the other hand, the sound itself or a sound with a concrete information structure that is so continuous that it is difficult to recognize a finite number of independent units within it, like symbolic or symbolic information It becomes difficult to define a specific internal structure as a parameter. In particular, it should be noted that the continuously changing signal structure itself bears the complexity and transformability of information, and that the whole may constitute semantic content as a comprehensive message. Don't be. When encoding such an analog structure, appropriate recognition and insight regarding the range and limit of encoding are essential for both dimension and density.

  Furthermore, another fundamental and serious problem is the question of the validity of the working hypothesis itself that is functioning in digital-to-analog interconversion. Yutaka Yamamoto, an information scientist, is not able to apply the <Nyquist frequency>, which plays a decisive role in restoring analog structures from digital data, and is subject to many limitations in actual decoding. Along with this, he pointed out that it would be dangerous to use this as a gold coin. At the same time, Yamamoto has proposed more sophisticated procedures necessary to avoid such dangers based on the method of <sample value control>.

  In this way, even in the PCM system that seems to dominate as the perfect flower of coding, its limitations can never be ignored. Sensitive insights and sensitivities are required to the limits that have already become apparent and the limits that have not yet been noticed. It extends not only to knowledge but also to sensory sensibility.

  As an example experienced by the present inventors, the problem of setting the sampling frequency of a recording medium for music and a compact disc (CD) is full of lessons. CD is an astounding technology that puts the principle of PCM into practical use at the level of daily civilian life using compact optical disk media, centered on Japanese company Sony and Dutch company Phillips. It would not be an exaggeration to say that it shines brilliantly over the human history of technology. In setting the recording density at the stage of standard development of this method, the frequency range of vibration that humans can hear as sound is within the range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz, and the high frequency component of 15 kHz or higher included in the presentation sound. Sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz (quantization bit number: 16 bits) that theoretically covers up to 22 kHz with a space added to the audible frequency band because the presence or absence of noise could not be detected as a sound quality difference by an official psychological experiment ) Was selected as the sampling frequency for the CD.

  However, after practical use, the sound quality of this CD will be heard inferior to LP (the response to the ultra-high frequency range that exceeds the upper limit of the audible range is much better than CD), which was the main medium before that. The “LP-CD” controversy that begins with claims, and the discovery of hypersonic effects that indicate that sounds containing high-frequency components that exceed the audible range are easier to harmonize with humans in terms of physiology, psychology, and behavior. Throughout the limits became prominent. Against this background, new sound media such as SACD and DVD audio that can record ultra-high frequency components that cannot be heard as sound by humans have appeared.

  In addition, information engineer Hirataro Nakajima, who became the center of CD development, was also pioneering in focusing on the limitations of CD itself, and with his unwavering decisions and efforts backed by his common sense, In nine years, SACD, the first general digital media that recorded high frequencies far beyond the audible range, was born.

  When we reexamine the footsteps of the glorious technique that symbolizes human wisdom, which is encoding processing, in the course of humankind trying to find out the relationship between sound and humans, it is often devised to limit humanity. You can't help but remember the serious problem consciousness of seeing that you can get lost in the maze and fall into an unforeseen pitfall at the world historical level.

<2-3-3> Abyss of quantifying the number.
1. From the end of the twentieth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century, the momentum of the spread of personal computers while accelerating their functions at an accelerated pace is tremendous. It can be said that it is the biggest incident in the history of tools that support human intellectual activities since the writing tools were invented and their use went on track. Of course, the computer here is a von Neumann-type digital computer, which is nothing but a device that arranges and combines two discrete numbers [1] [0] in combination. Despite its origin as a pure counting tool, it was given the name <general-purpose computer> by the explosive expansion of its application, and almost everything from completely abstract numbers to concrete physical quantities. It has come to work for things.

  There is a view that the current computer mechanism and work have pushed the tendency to equate <quantity> and <number>, which have been increasing throughout modern Western Europe, to the ultimate level. I think that <identity of quantity> has now ruled the hearts of people living in modern society, from experts to the general public, to the unconscious world. In the situation of the transition from material civilization to information civilization that has already begun, there is a continuation and discontinuity or analog and digital pitfalls where shadows are often dark in the areas where humans and advanced technologies cross. The possibility that the source of the crisis and the source of the crisis lurks in the idea of equating this quantity with the number-rather than the sensation-is quite rich. I would like to dig up this issue that is buried outside the consciousness area and call attention again, probably because it has never been pointed out in this civilization.

  2. The science and technology civilization that the Western world has blossomed may be allowed to surpass it even though ancient Greece is regarded as a norm. It is particularly striking in material science. It goes without saying that it is too harsh and inappropriate to use Thales, the source of all things in the pre-classical period, as a comparative material, and Thales, whose origin is water. However, even with a view of democritus atomism, Archimedes's physics and engineering, and Hippocrates's physiology / medicine, etc. There is no way to compare them to the modern material sciences that come and go with the moon and make full use of genetic manipulation. There is no way to admit the excellence of modern science that discontinuously surpasses ancient Greece brought about by a breakthrough after a breakthrough.

  However, once we turn to the world of mathematical science, especially the world of geometry, the level of ancient Greece is almost as high as it is in modern times. It is hard to say that it is discontinuous and obvious. Euclidean (Euclid) 's original theory, which is a compilation of the rich regrets of the classical period, which is regarded as the golden age of Greek mathematics, continues to reign as the one and only original source of geometry. The Greek geometry of the Hellenistic era symbolized by the outstanding genius Archimedes is regarded as the ultimate boundary of intellectual activity that humanity can reach. Such Greek geometry seems to have left many of the modern mathematical scientists straight, especially in its rigor, moderation and soundness. That is particularly striking about how the relationship between <quantity> and <number> is perceived.

  Classical mathematician and educator Arcutas (c. 428 BC to 1347 BC), also known as a good supporter of Plato, arranged mathematical science into four subjects according to the Pythagorean tradition. This is a high-level four course, and is a well-known free seven course (added to three lessons of grammar, rhetoric, and logic). The backbone of the European knowledge structure.

  The four subjects set by Arcutas are “geography related to stationary numbers”, that is, “arithmetic”, “geometry related to stationary amounts”, ie, “geometry”, and “geography related to moving numbers”, ie It consists of “music” and “amusement related to the amount of exercise” or “astronomy”. When this system is applied to our current situation, the majority of fields that currently belong to the field of mathematics, such as arithmetic, algebra, and analytics, and <music> are "arts related to numbers" according to Arcutas. In other words, it belongs to <Mathematics>. On the other hand, the original (general, non-analytic) geometry, physics, astronomy, etc. are “quantity-related arts”, that is, it is appropriate to call it “quantity”. Let ’s go.

  The attitude of handling quantity and number in a strictly distinct manner is said to have been built by Eudoxos (circa 408 BC, circa 1355) who was one step ahead of Arcutas and was praised as the greatest mathematician in the Greek period. . This work of Eudoxos is deeply related to the philosophy that absolutely counts the number of Pythagorean Schools ahead of it, the unique social behaviors behind it, and their catastrophes.

  The Pythagoras school, which would have ridiculed the pre-classical Greek intellectuals while telling the proverbs of civilization history, precious <natural number> (positive integer) as the root of all things and having the supreme value. This inevitably caused the quantity to depend on the number, and as an academic position, the arithmetic that handled the numbers stood at the top, and the geometry that handled the quantities was plunged into the downwind. The origin of the idea of the Pythagorean School is said to be heavily influenced by the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, especially Babylonia, which was not particularly focused on numbers. However, the absolute view of numbers in the Pythagorean School and the ideological radicals that spread it to social behavior and personal life are rarely seen in other civilizations. The only modern example of modern science and technology civilization, especially its absolute economic value.

  The various commonalities between the two civilizations that are now seen at the ends of history cannot help but feel anything. For example, a way of expressing numbers by arranging pebbles from the Pythagoras School. In the famous triangle number and square number (square number), a pebble is placed at a predetermined position in a preset dot pattern on the sand, and it is expressed and recognized as a basic unit of number. In particular, in an L-shaped framework called a gnomon, the dot pattern is in a single line. They mean [0] when no pebbles are placed (however, Greece at that time did not yet have the concept of 0 by the present inventors), and [1] when pebbles were placed. It is a completely discrete system. If we pay attention to it, an array of bits consisting only of [1] and [0] in the ultimate discrete binary coding system, which is an indispensable means of expression when we use computers, It ’s rare to see something similar.

  Also, in order to rationalize their own principles that set the number of discrete structures as the root of all things and dominate the universe, the Pythagoras School believes that space and time are intuitively continuous structures. While it is undeniable, each of the other is composed of <indivisible units> of discrete "collections of points" and "collections of moments", all of which correspond to numbers discretely and are governed by numbers. We have reached an amazing idea that we are allowed to. It will be exactly the same as the amount of numbers.

  However, the number of tyranny that the Pythagoras School stood out had its own seeds of decay. One is rooted in the fact that the numbers they sacred were limited to natural numbers, that is, positive integers and their simple combinations.

  According to them, this all-rounder of the universe is composed of a combination of beautiful simple natural numbers. For example, it was pointed out that for sounds that are elements of music, when the length of the string that is the source of the sound takes a simple integer ratio, the two sounds cause a consonant sound. In this case, the numbers used are limited to 1, 2, 3, and 4 constituting the perfect number 10 they sacred, and when the ratio is 1: 2, octave consonance, and when it is 2: 3 It is said that a 4th degree consonance is obtained when 3 to 4. And it ignores more complex ratios. Johannes Kepler, on the other hand, pointed out that "Pythagoras were too drowning in this number of philosophies," and "for that reason they failed to retain the judgment of the ears ... what is a harmonious scale, "What is not so ... is defined only by numbers, and the earliest judgment made as much as violence."

  It should be noted that the ancient Greek syllabary was assumed to have a tetracord (quarter sound composition) that included a quat that was essentially different from the medieval Western scale, so the frequency ratio that would appear there was It must be very complex. In this respect, it is speculated that the divergence between the Pythagorean school of rhythm and actual ancient Greek music would have been much worse.

  Thus, the Pythagorean School, which is convinced that the universe is composed of natural numbers (arithmos = number to be calculated) and its simple ratio, cannot be divided by any integer they faced. The situation of encountering> (irrational numbers) would have been a fatal shock. Moreover, among the right triangles that are the material of the Pythagorean theorem that became the monument of this school, in the isosceles right triangle with the most organized side configuration, the line ratio of the two sides that are not equal cannot be commensurable. It appeared in a very ironic form. This is the emergence of our well-known irrational number √ (2) (in this case, since the target is a line segment, it is an irrational amount to say exactly). This discovery broke out within the Pythagoras school itself, and said that this school (or should be called a group of faith in natural numbers) was greatly shaken. The seriousness of the blow to the Pythagoras School is also praised by naming such irrational numbers as “allogons” or “not to be said” and trying to conceal them completely outside. At the same time, those who leaked the existence of irrational numbers outside the school were sunk in the sea, or submerged in the sea was a member of the school that discovered the existence of irrational numbers. A number of incidents related to the sanction by, are handed down and darkly mark the opening of Greek mathematical history.

  The Elean school Zenon (circa 490 BC), led by Palmenides (circa 515 BC to 445 BC), followed by a blow to the Pythagoras school that fell into trouble due to widespread irrational existence. It was issued. It is the “Zenon paradox” that keeps its name in history. He noted the limits of the Pythagorean School's idea of identifying numbers. There, we equate “continuous quantities” of time and space with “discrete numbers”, each of which is a unit of geometry and has no <point> (considering the point of time as an instant). While constructed as elements, each of these points is supposed to have a number nature. Of course, it is the number that dominates among these, and the quantity is in a position controlled by it.

  To counter this framework, Zenon built a powerful paradox using the phenomenon of movement as a material. Where Aristotle left in "Natural Science", we can now know about four examples. Among them, in the famous “Achilles and Turtle”, “the fast ones that depart later must first arrive at the point where the late ones departed earlier, and catch up with the late ones that departed before forever. I can't. " Also, in the “arrow”, “the tip of the flying arrow occupies a certain point in the course at any moment, that is, in the unit of time that cannot be divided below. So while occupying this point, It must be still there, because if this object moves a little, it will further divide the smallest time unit, so as long as the time and space cannot be further divided, the arrow will remain stationary. ”

  These Zenon paradoxes are not only flawed as a logical language system, but also formally compelling, but completely contradict the real experience. For that reason, it cannot be said that it can be cited as an example of a vicious stigma that leads to disruption of true / false relationships. In addition, Aristotle who introduced this paradox group in "Natural Sciences" at the same time stated an objection to it and rejected them in form. However, Zenon's allegations are insignificant, and his problems have not lost their reason for existence until now. The core is that if you think that distance is composed of a collection of points with no length, and time is composed of a collection of moments that do not last, motion is composed of a collection of states without movement. The question is "Why can't it be considered as a thing?", And points out how difficult it is to make it difficult to arbitrarily reject only one corner of this three-point set of ideas. This indication is an unusual argument and has a difficult assertive power. In this way, the limits and dangers of the paradigm of quantity identification under the discrete number advantage that the Pythagorean School was high were highlighted.

  Zenon's paradox acted as a blow to control the death of the Pythagorean school, which had been deeply wounded by the discovery of irrational numbers, and became a factor that dismissed this school. The history of the Pythagorean school in this way was cut off by the Greek mathematics as a scandal that would underlie its roots, and it is not difficult to imagine that it would have been seriously reflected and reviewed. As a result, as seen in Euclidean's "Theory", it was realized as a new strict and modest trajectory unique to Greece. It abandoned the belief of the absolute superiority of the Pythagorean number and the idea of identity quantification, and the control and verification symbolized by <infinity> and <indivisible unit> It is a strict seal on difficult abstract concepts.

  As a manifestation of this review, geometry for continuous concrete quantities took the throne instead of the arithmetic for discrete abstract numbers that had reigned so far. How appropriate this choice was is eloquently supported by the fact that the Greek geometry built on a new trajectory has not yet lost its brilliant sparkle as the ultimate fineness of human wisdom. ing.

<3> Create the sound promised by genes.

<3-1> Message from non-verbal brain.
<3-1-1> How is the shakuhachi sound carved?
1. Japan is a masterpiece that expresses the sound of the West, symbolized by the symphony orchestra, with the expression of the oriental sound symbolized by the shakuhachi and cypress, and condenses and draws the contrast of the sound in one piece of music. I think that Toru Takemitsu's composer, “November Steps No. 1 for Shakuhachi, Aoi and Orchestra” (1967) has historical significance. Takemitsu's orchestral method with unique sophistication and the performance of Seiji Ozawa, who has continued to embody it in the sound since its premiere, is the best in the 20th century. It must be one of the timbre expressions. And there is no doubt that the sound of Western art music is overwhelmed by the shakuhachi of a single tube and the saddle of one side, unrelentingly and often unfinished. .

  The composer Sadao Betsumiya, who listened to the Japanese premiere of this song, said, “... Orchestra (Seiji Ozawa, Japan Philharmonic) also used this Western-style medium to draw out the sound that often met the shakuhachi and the song. I thought of the sharp sensitivity and inventive power, but the sharp music of harp and percussion instruments was a habit, the sustained sound of the string tube was a shakuhachi, and the strength of its expression was not enough, so as a medium of such music I questioned the suitability of orchestral music to mobilize dozens of people, but to show the essence of Japan's unique music to the West, I could say that it was a really excellent work. ”(Asahi Shimbun, June 8, 1968) ).

  Takemitsu himself also praises that the experience of this song would have been particularly serious from the social remarks and the trajectory of subsequent actions. As an example, let us quote from his text “One Sound” that is deeply related to our problem awareness.

  “The sound of Japanese instruments is extremely free when it is actually played… In the process of creation, it continued to threaten Ohashi's power until tearing up the logic of thought… (Ichibachi), a single note is too complex to play a role in carrying logic, and it has already been completed by itself ... the sound has lost its originality of expression, Even more sophisticated and sophisticated, it will be equal to nothing, like the natural sound of a rotting bamboo ... and what else can I add? "

  He sees the essence of astonishing sharpness as if he was on a time machine and looked back at the ME spectrum array that had just emerged in the hands of the inventors. Here, the high degree of freedom of the spectrum that Japanese instruments such as Samurai and Shakuhachi can make full use of during performance, it is built at the stage of just one sound before it comes to the logical combination of sound and sound The complete structure and action of music are clearly recognized. In the sound of such an instrument, the player can freely and decisively construct all of the micro information structure as the invisible active ingredient on the spot at that time. On the other hand, in the musical notes under the predecessor that visually substitutes the sound, there is no inherent signal structure and semantic action in a congenital and fixed state. . For this reason, as long as these sounds are used as material, “composition” by a method unique to Western civilization, in which music is created in the form of a musical score that arranges symbols in the space, including notes, is a concrete information structure of music. Never finished forming. Even if you take a hundred steps and look at the music score of a work as a template for music, its utility must be very partial. In the framework of Western-style composition, where the combination of symbols and symbols is written on paper, the micro continuous structure that forms the interior of the sound is at the same level as the macro discrete structure (the arrangement of notes). This is because there has never been an explicit depiction or technical support.

  However, in Shakuhachi and Sakai, a continuously transforming analog structure that acts decisively as music is conceived and built by the performer in synchronization with the actual performance. In Shakuhachi, in particular, the discrete articulated digital structures that can be described in the staff are often extremely concise and very low density, and their musical effects are indirect and very sparse except for sustained action. It is customary to stay at a reasonable level. Therefore, in such a musical composition centered on musical instruments and expression methods, a Western European “composition” where the true creator must be entrusted to the player to construct a continuous transformation structure simply by taking charge of the description of the discrete articulated structure. Returning to the “home” completely and unconditionally would be highly questionable.

  Takemitsu is very likely to have caught the smell of danger that threatens the reason for the existence of the Western “composition” act. By the way, despite the great success of this song and the strong demand from the market for its extended work (in fact, it is possible that the number of people who love this song the most among all of Takemitsu's works will be the most. The road to deepen this east-west contrasting line ends without reappearing in his options. This Takemitsu's choice, which abandoned himself for the success and glory that is foreseen in “November Steps”, is notable. It tends to be guided by music created from the intersection of Western art music and a culture of different sounds, and is often critically dependent on a single beat of a masterpiece performance from outside the West, regardless of composition. Involved in the reality of resentment. It may lead to an unfair impression on Western composers and composers. Takemitsu's choice contributes to preventing the formation and spread of such impressions. At the same time, it may slow down the rate at which internal contradictions in the music paradigm of Western civilization and the social system related to music emerge, and may have a silent effect as a sacrifice to defend this system from collapse. Furthermore, it is no longer possible for us as a beneficiary to see a work full of supreme charm that could only be created by Takemitsu who would have existed before it appeared in the real world. It also means that it has become unreachable.

  The maintenance of the system of the “music society” dominated by Western art music, the expansion of the illustrations, or the extension of their lives, and the enjoyment of the sound that we are trying to enjoy are in this form. I have also stayed. The bias toward the specialization of Western civilization, which is attributed to monofunctionalization, self-blocking, and excessive competition as the background, is the one composer who has undergone Western-style training that Takemitsu himself declared in `` One Sound ''. The more serious the attitude of “I want to walk as”, the more it acts to prevent the human genes from going straight toward the music they want.

  The complexity of air vibration and the intensity of transformation that a single shakuhachi and a single ridge reveal instantly. It is often composed of the symphony orchestra that was composed with the best of modern orchestral music and played by the best performers. At the same time, it threatens a rare composer by “tearing the logic of thought”. This discovery in “November Steps” poses us a new, interesting and serious problem.

  The waveform that was created from the simple notes of the shakuhachi and koto that the ME Spectrum Array first drew, is a double orchestra that mobilizes dozens of highly accurate scores. The more it appears to be static and steady, the more it transforms into a wave (Figures 30 and 31: Conducted by Seiji Ozawa, performed by the Toronto Symphony Orchestra). There is no orderly geometric regularity. However, it can never be seen as a random irregular phenomenon. The unique pattern of Yoichiro Kawaguchi's three-dimensional CG made into a wire frame is irresponsible for those who want to see it as an object. When asked in the visual memory of the brain for a similar shape, it looks like a wave under a strong wind, a gorgeous mountain valley, or a body tissue of an animal or plant that extends into the field of view of an optical microscope. be able to. They can't help but assume the existence of complex systems against the backdrop of fractals and chaos.

  In other words, these spectral arrays have an ecological natural phenomenon, that is, a form that closely resembles nature, inevitably based on various laws that overlap from universal to individual, and the coincidence of accidents that transcend them. . Nature is beyond the work of individual life, all of which has the same meaning as “perfect innocence”. Exactly, “the sound that the shakuhachi master wants in his performance is the sound that blows away the roaring bamboo basket” (from Toru Takemitsu “One Sound”). Being equal to a natural product means that you must end up with a perfect structure inside it. The shakuhachi sound of a famous hand probably meets that condition and has built something closer to nature in a more microscopic dimension than we have drawn with the ME spectrum array.

  So how are the masters instantly carving the vibrations into the air and spinning them endlessly?

  Even if you try to do this in a way that depends on the language brain function that arranges the explicit codes on the time axis like when playing a piano or keyboard, the information processing dimension and speed are far below the reality. There is no sex. Shakuhachi players try to entrust their mind and body to an unimaginable frontier in order to get out of control of conscious manipulation by the language brain. Especially in the old songs, the player's immersive immersion is thorough through a single sound, and it tends to be completed by a single sound.

  In particular, there is the norm of one-tone Buddha in the playing attitude of old songs. In the corresponding technique, it is essential to master the technology to generate an analog fluctuation structure beautifully and richly in one sustained sound. At this time, the player's body acts intuitively and reflexively, reflecting the current state of the non-linguistic brain, which swirls in a complex dimension and enormous amount of information, which directly affects the sculpting and transmission of sound. The listener then identifies the vibration with an implicit message that is about to reach the cosmic scale, taking it as a lump of objects before deciphering it with an objective external code.

  In this process, the transcendental environmental recognition function of our non-verbal brain, which has been evolved and trained by the ultra-dense complex environmental information of the rainforest, must work as a decisive acceptance system. Absent. At the same time, the decoding and digestion of enormous messages woven by biological codes and cultural codes, the transformation of the internal state of the brain led by it, and the restructuring of the mind and body acceptance system toward the next sound, etc. are expanded, For the progress and completion of this process, a time domain of <interval> is required.

  The starting point of this process is the “unrelenting place of the player”, which means that the control of the language brain is ultimately suppressed and the activity of the non-language brain is ultimately enhanced. Let ’s go. The master of the shakuhachi old tune that has its roots in the Zen of the Fuhua Buddhism, as its border, forms an unspecified and immense information space that cannot be fully coded into a language because it is cosmic It's not difficult. If that ground is studied, the body cannot help but respond to it.

  Therefore, as the next step, we must enter into the act of linking the sensed state of this spirit and body to the sculpture of air vibration and its sustainability. It calls for the preparation of a sufficiently rational and effective mechanism that can continue to code the state of mind and body into the gods' speed, and in no time to the sound spectrum. The reason why Huahua Shakuhachi brought Japanese sound culture to the soil and blossomed it is just that rational and effective methodology. Interestingly, however, this rational mechanism has often been referred to as a symbol of irrationality since the encounter between traditional Japanese culture and modern Western civilization. To be sure, the shakuhachi's unique arrangement seen there is at least as far apart from rationality as a sound generator and technique from the perspective of Western music.

  2. Shakuhachi is a bamboo wind instrument with no lead that originated in ancient China and has developed uniquely in Japan. The structure is very simple at first glance, and a part of the upper end of one bamboo tube is cut off obliquely to form a singing mouth, and air vibration is generated by blowing on the sharp edge formed by the slope of the cutting edge and the inner wall of the tube. The sound born from this extremely unstable structure has many overtones and lacks regularity. Moreover, there are only five finger holes that determine the pitch of the sound. In contrast to this, the Western-style boem-type flute controls the musical sound by providing a metal singer suitable for maintaining a stable sound quality and a small hole for a trill in addition to 13 or 14 finger holes. It has a perfect structure. However, in Shakuhachi, there are only five finger holes, so the “stem sound” that is digitally formed by opening and closing them is only the five sounds in the traditional Japanese “Twelf”. However, Shakuhachi has a completely different system of highly effective expression. From the aspect of pitch control, analog pitch shift techniques such as <Kazashi>, <Meri (verb is mel)>, and <Kari (verb is kal)> are highly effective. Every pitch in the gap with the sound is generated continuously and freely.

  Kazashi is a method of lowering the pitch by closing the hole halfway up the fingerhole and enlarging the effective length of the tube to lower the pitch. Meri Cali has created a more complex and transformable technique system. One of the foundations is the half-opening of various degrees of the finger holes close to Kazashi. The other foundation is to change the angle of the breath that hits the singing mouth by moving the jaw up and down. Raising the chin, which is in contact with the opening at the top of the tube or tube, raises the pitch, and lowering the mel, ie lowering the chin, lowers the pitch. Of course, since this change is continuous, the pitch moves everywhere within the changeable range. The pitch difference that can be made by the half-opening of the finger holes and the technique of moving the jaws up and down is one and a half full-tones when skillful skills are demonstrated. -Names such as Komeri are given. Meri Cali has a continuous pitch change within its pitch control range, allowing any analog pitch transition. This sound structure transformation mechanism is particularly unstable, and immediately changes the tone as well as the pitch depending on the angle of the jaw and the strength of breath. In other words, it has a strong non-linearity, and is a mechanism that works effectively for the formation of complex spectra and their rapid transformation.

  The basic technology that uses this mechanism is called “Third Year Swing” and is probably a series of neck movements that make up the greatest learning content of the shakuhachi mastery. The techniques included here are commonly used in addition to meli-kari, which raises and lowers the jaw, as well as <lily> that repeats this motion and <lily lily> that repeats the motion of shaking the head left and right. In addition, various methods such as <Agomeli>, which produces a sound that is one note lower than the stem sound on fingering just by lowering the chin without using half-opening of the finger holes, and <Nayashi>, which raises it sequentially to reach the stem sound. Is extremely. The transformation of the sound derived from shaking the neck, coupled with the adjustment of the angle, amount, and sharpness of the breath, does not just lead to an explicit fundamental change, but a more dramatic change to an implicit harmonic component. Bring it grandly.

  While the movement of the neck functions for the transformation of analog sounds with a high degree of continuity, a variety of technologies are also prepared to lead the transformation of sounds with a digital nuance by emphasizing more discreteness. ing. In addition to opening a closed finger hole for a moment and closing it immediately <Oshi / Okuri>, oppositely opening and closing again for a moment to hit the open finger hole <Ochi>, in addition to a kind of trill made with fingering <Koro> Then, there is <Oshiyuri> that accelerates <Oshiri> to <Yuri>.

  In addition to these, as a technique characteristic of the generalized shakuhachi, the expression area of sound effects plays an important role. Among them, <Muraiki>, which creates a kind of random noise by blowing the maximum amount of breath into the singing mouth while slightly loosening the lips and making the opening of the breath, has a strong effect, and is a chest in the hill of the song It becomes a sound of the deadly death. It also uses techniques such as “Komibuki” that shakes the sound with the blowing method that changes the pressure of breath by manipulating the abdominal muscles, “Tabane” that shakes the tongue and shakes the sound, and “Tane” that shakes the uvula. It has been broken. All of these lead to major milestones in the sound flow and highlight effects. From such a variety of technique systems that manipulate air vibration at a high level, a sound with a spectrum of tremendous height is born.

  It should be noted here that the unique structure of the shakuhachi, which is not considered reasonable from the wisdom of a musical instrument called a whistle, is likely to lead to a decline in function, but in fact the sound spectrum is real-time. It plays a decisive role in establishing the wind technique that can be operated freely. The typical point can be seen in the structure of a singer, whose spectrum changes greatly with slight fluctuations such as breath strength and angle, and that changes the pitch, tone, and volume. Under the influence of the idea of Western music, it is often perceived as a negative property of “unstable”. However, from the viewpoint of making full use of the transformation of the analog spectrum as an expression tactic, it must be said that it is extremely wrong to see the shakuhachi singer's function as unstable. At least it should be appreciated as an advanced performance that exhibits a “sensitive” or “sensitive” response.

  By the way, the piano can be mentioned as one of the most counter instruments in this respect. Its sound spectrum is extremely stable, and as the reality shows that it is difficult to distinguish between the sound played by a cat and the sound played by a person, the shape of the spectrum is only slightly affected by the performance. Has reached. In other words, the piano at the top in the operation of regular musical tones, in other words, is in the position of an extremely insensitive instrument in terms of the real-time transformation function of the sound spectrum.

  The fact that there are only five finger holes on the shakuhachi is easily linked to the so-called “primitive” concept, and tends to be an index that emphasizes the functional limit in manipulating the pitch. However, this structure realizes a continuous change in pitch with a large head and a high degree of freedom. At the same time, by utilizing the material of natural bamboo, a unique difference is given to the attribute of sound for each stem sound. As a result, the sound of the shakuhachi sounds a unique sound color according to its height. Since this is also a manifestation of naturalness, it is possible to demonstrate the effectiveness of ecological naturalness, that is, expressions that try to approach nature. This advanced analog sound spectrum operation function of Japanese traditional musical instrument called shakuhachi and its traditional playing style has built up one of the most powerful castles in human music culture.

  By the way, in the cultural history of sound, another great tidal music synthesizer appeared that might threaten the shakuhachi stronghold in terms of the function of transforming the sound spectrum until the second half of the 20th century. Its ability to modulate sound, either programmatically or in real time, has reached a level that is far beyond conventional non-electronic means. As a new trend, the disc jockeys (DJs) who control the center of sound with disco developed a scratch technique that manipulates the speed and direction of the LP player, but it is quite limited and complex in the sound spectrum in real time. It has succeeded as a means to give a transformation effect. Furthermore, experimentally, a <morphing> technique has been developed that skillfully replaces sound sources with different sound sources in different continuities, and has also been introduced into electronic music composition.

  In order to execute <Modulation> that transforms the wave shape with a synthesizer, the chain of sounds must be continuously pinched by keyboard operation, so one hand is used to create a string of fingers and the other hand is <Modulation Wheel> (Usually a disk installed near the keyboard, rotate it to adjust the depth of modulation, etc.)> Or use both hands for fingering, knees, feet, or sometimes breathing Pressure is applied to the operation of the modulation lever and volume control. This means that the operation of spinning the sound and the operation of modulating it are in a trade-off relationship. However, in Shakuhachi, spinning the sound and transforming the sound are inextricably integrated as a movement and have a complementary relationship as shown by Meri Cali's playing technique. Rather, it can be said that there is a synergistic relationship. The effect of continuing to carve complex and constantly changing “borders” into the spectrum of sound in real time is far beyond the current synthesizers.

  Focusing on the <dimension> of modulation, the synthesizer is allowed in real time to select one of the programs that are prepared for it, usually one type, and then increase or decrease its parameter in one dimension The operation remains. This is an unavoidable limit because the operation of the slider or wheel is limited to level control, that is, “just increase / decrease”. Of course, it is not so difficult in terms of circuit configuration to move this to a joystick or the like to make it multidimensional. However, if that happens, the need for intervention of consciousness and thought will increase at once compared to when operating one-dimensional parameters, and it will be difficult to follow the situation where the player changes in real time. Rather, it will be a hindrance to form and maintain a higher level of “situation” itself.

  What about looking at the shakuhachi on this side? The construction of a macro-sustained sound that plays the same role as fingering on the synthesizer's keyboard starts from where the finger holes are opened and closed by the fingers and the effective length of the tube is determined. In other words, it is close to a synthesizer in that the fingers are the leading role. On the other hand, the transformation of the sound, that is, the modulation of vibration, is in the area composed of the organs inside and outside the face, including the mouth and lips, the muscles of the head including the neck that moves the jaw and the nervous system that controls it. Become. In human beings, muscles and nerve elements are distributed with the highest density along with fingers in human beings, and this region is constructed as an ultimate luxury motor system. In the motor area and sensory area of the cerebral cortex that controls this, the maximum cortical area, that is, the number of nerve cells is assigned together with the fingers. These mechanisms enable the programming, execution and feedback control of extremely complex and precise motions, possibly at the highest level among the various parts of the human body. In particular, a group of muscles that move directly reflecting the state of the brain directly on the face is waiting, and as soon as information on the mental state and its transformation is received, the response can be output as a “facial expression”. It is noted that this is possible.

  Such a tool stand is perfect for functioning as it is in the modulation of sound while coordinating with the fingers of another operating system, the changes in the position and muscle structure and state of the player's face in contact with the singer. Are suitable. The practice of directly reflecting this physical transformation as a complex dimension and high information density in the spectral structure of sound has been handed down as the core of the traditional shakuhachi technique.

  In other words, such a mechanism is also superior to the real-time sound spectrum operation function of the keyboard-type synthesizer, which is a historically successful work built by the sound technology of modern civilization. That is, consistency between the formation of macro sound structure and its micro transformation, multi-dimensional complexity of modulation parameters and freedom of operation, quickness, comprehensive interactivity of brain activity and sound, and these This is because the shakuhachi is given superiority such as temporal coherence (non-delayed).

  3. Compared with the development of the Boehm flute, which is a typical European flute, the process of the development of Japanese generalized shakuhachi by hardware, the evolution of musical instruments means two sound cultures. I want to find a place.

  The Western European flute has six finger holes until the 17th century <Renaissance Flute>, which is equivalent to the shakuhachi prototype. Eventually, the movement to improve the mechanism began in the latter half of the 17th century, and the trend toward perforation was promoted. After four, six, and eight key flutes, German flute player Theobalt Böhm Completed the prototype of "Seki Flute". It has two tremolo keys in addition to 13 (or more) finger holes. At the same time, a physically ideal finger hole diameter is set, and it reaches a size that cannot be covered with a finger. In this way, flutes (including from piccolo to bass flute) that correspond to 12 equal temperament exactly chromatic (semitone) and have high timbre uniformity appeared.

  The origin of Japan's Shakuhachi dates back to the Chinese shakuhachi that was introduced as a whistle that forms part of Gagaku in the 7th century. There are still nine pipes in Japan that are estimated to have arrived around the 8th century, all of which have five finger holes on the front side and one hole on the back side. In other words, the shakuhachi and the flute depart from the same place in terms of the number of finger holes. However, since the Middle Ages, it is presumed to be the precursor form of the “universal shakuhachi” that is now generally called “shakuhachi”. The shakuhachi in Japan moved in the opposite direction to the evolution of Western flutes, and originally there were four finger holes on the front side and one on the back side. The total is reduced to five. This choice is a reversal in the Western flute culture symbolized by the flute and the underlying modern rationalism, and may be an act of understanding. However, this reduction in finger holes, which seems to be degenerated at first glance, is actually an exquisite move that flew the expression function of shakuhachi symbolized by Meri and Cali, which is inferior to the development of the key system of the boehm type flute. It is worthy of a revolutionary “evolution”.

  However, this mechanism is very latent as a causal structure, and it is difficult to grasp it from the surface. The effectiveness of this reform has been embossed as a negative image of the fact that all the attempts to increase the number of shakuhachi fingers that had been repeated several times have been completed without going into orbit. For example, as well known in the attempt to make porous, in the 1920s, the idea of operating a finger in an idle state with a normal five-hole shakuhachi <seven-hole shakuhachi> and <nine-hole Shakuhachi> and <Oak Lauro>, which has been ported with a Boehm key system, have been developed. In both cases, the operation of the digital sound structure is significantly improved compared to the traditional five-hole shakuhachi. However, neither the shakuhachi performers nor the recipients welcomed this porosity. The reason is simply that “the sound lacks taste” and “the sound is not interesting”.

  As for the sounding mechanism, the remarkable difference between the shakuhachi and the recorder, which have the same principle, is noteworthy. For example, the response when comparing the two will be in stark contrast, especially for beginners. Because, for the first time, people rarely make a decent sound immediately with their shakuhachi in hand, but it is almost impossible for a beginner to make a random sound and no sound from the recorder. This difference is that the recorder has a mechanism that blows the breather and the airway (duct) in front of the singing mouth and blows the breath at the fixed angle at the edge of the singing mouth that comes later. Based on not having it.

  Longitudinal flutes with a sounding mechanism such as a shakuhachi or recorder usually provide a fixed airway in front of the singing mouth and a blowing mouth in front of it to eliminate instability of pronunciation. For example, <Ocarina> is an example. If the airway is lightly equipped, the deformation of the lips can be reflected to a considerable extent in the transformation of the sound spectrum, so in Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia, <Surin>, which leads the analog transformation to the sound skillfully with such ingenuity, is active. ing. In China's Toya, where the singing is exposed like a shakuhachi, the inside of the singing is deeply penetrated to facilitate pronunciation. However, only Shakuhachi has continued to “Sumimori” the structure of singing singing that is unstable and difficult to produce sound, without taking such “reasonable ideas” into account. This kind of shakuhachi attitude may seem mysterious to the eyes of other flute cultures. However, as we have already seen, the shakuhachi song is designed to react as sensitively as possible to the state of breath when trying to continue to transform the sound spectrum structure of the sound at will, in a complex and rapid manner. The mouth demonstrates unparalleled performance. In the history of Shakuhachi, the effect and utility of such a highly implicit expression strategy is virtually objectively verified, and the value is derived as a social group consensus. This undeniable reality is that the society itself and its members, who have built the shakuhachi culture, are sensitive and discriminating about the implicit implicit sound world that is suitable for the extreme non-lingual brain function. Must be recognized as a cultural code (ie, social constitution).

  In Western Europe, the field of contemporary music is one of the attempts to convert traditional instrument sounds into objects since the development of a prepared piano by John Cage in the 1940s and the proposal of music concrete by Pierre Schaeffer. There is no trend, and flute is no exception (for example, Luciano Berio's "Sequenza I" 1958). However, for this purpose of “sound objectization”, that is, the sculpture of air vibrations, the boem-type flute is of course not highly compatible, and its turn is very limited compared to the shakuhachi. It's stuck to the thing.

  The attempts at the structural reforms of Huaqing Shakuhachi are not all unsuccessful, as in the case of perforation, but there are some that have proven effective and are almost completely established. One of them is the remodeling of the singing mouth centered on the Koto style and the Toyama style, and the edge of the edge, which was originally made by cutting bamboo, was made by processing buffalo horns and ivory. Replace with This facilitates pronunciation and strengthens the singer physically. Another is <relay (naka next)>. The standardized shakuhachi is made from the material of the seven sections at the base of Mambo, with a singing mouth at the top section and three sections between the second and third sections. Two finger holes are provided between the third and fourth nodes. At this time, the relay is a socket-like fitting structure formed between the second and third sections so that disassembly and assembly can be easily performed. In addition to improving portability, this mechanism has an important effect of making it easy to adjust the temperament by adjusting the inter-node variation of natural bamboo depending on the setting of the fitting portion. In addition, a “coating” that adjusts the internal structure of the tube is applied. Polish the inside of the tube into a smooth cylinder, apply a mixture of lacquer and abrasive powder (and sometimes gypsum), and finish the surface with vermilion or black lacquer. Shakuhachi with this type of processing is called “Ground Shakuhachi” and is the most popular.

  These improvements are post-modern measures to standardize and stabilize functions within a range that does not greatly interfere with the shakuhachi sound expression. The background was that it was necessary to compose the temperament on a common standard for musical instruments and music other than the shakuhachi, especially for the ensemble with the shamisen, a so-called “song ensemble”, and to maintain it stably. by.

  The original form of shakuhachi that does not provide such structural functions is called <old pipe> <total pipe (meaning no relay)> <groundless shakuhachi>. First of all, because it is not relayed, the only material that can be found is to find bamboo with knot spacing that satisfies the basic structural condition as it is. In addition, some singing mouths have no glamor, amplifying instability. In addition, it is called the “knot-remaining-type”, and it is only necessary to pull out the node in the tube, and the tone is adjusted while gradually removing the inner structure of the tube in the tube, leaving a part. In other words, the entire inside of the pipe is not cut and smoothed, and is not grounded, leaving the pipe to complex natural shapes. The tube made in this way has nothing to do with physical or geometric regularity, but is constructed with emphasis on the complexity and nonlinearity that fully incorporates the natural nature of plants. Become. Needless to say, this directly leads to an improvement in the function as a sound generator aiming at emphasizing complexity. There, you can see the analog complexity improvement vector that goes against the boehm type flute created from precise metalworking utilizing modern science and technology civilization. In the “Myoan School”, which is a trio ensemble and does not play the <Outside Song>, but only the Shakuhachi, the <Myoan School>, etc., respects the plain shakuhachi. Absent. Even in the Kotoko school, there are many performers who try to play the shakuhachi without the need to consider the constraints of temperament. This choice may seem irrational at first glance. At least it seems to be so from the standpoint of idealizing a Western-style boem flute. However, according to Shakuhachi's unique expression strategy, this choice is justified and must be made with excellent and reasonable judgment.

  I would like to draw attention to these two retrograde rationalities that show the Shakuhachi and Boehm flute. In contrast to Shakuhachi, it strongly embodies the rationality involved in the control of the ultra-high-density complex structure that the non-verbal brain body claims, and from the Boehm flute genus (from Piccolo flute) Chapter 4 is the reason why it can be said that it embodies the rationality related to the control of the logical articulation of the neutral symbols claimed by the language brain module derived from it. The vivid contrast between the two eastern and western whistles is based on the underlying nature of the culture that prioritizes implicit non-language brain functions and the civilization that prioritizes explicit language brain functions. Highlight the phase difference.

  4). By the way, the shakuhachi function, which can amplify the player's mental state rather than straightforwardly, rather than sculpting it into the structure of the sound, approximates the sound to the biological code of human voice expression. Make it possible to emphasize and transmit. Therefore, for example, if the player's brain is dominated by the activities of areas that function in emotion and emotion, such as the limbic system, it is possible to realize extremely forced emotional expression that is directly linked to emotions To do. Although it brings effective expression and success in one aspect, it gives the front of the prefrontal cortex as a reason for supporting the achievement of objectives by applying negative feedback to the emotional system, and also applying positive and negative feedback control. Messages that correspond to higher-order mechanisms such as the “Kansei brain” created by the brainstem and monoaminergic neuroprojection system, which has the function of moving away from simple objective rationality and sublimating to the supreme beauty, are hollowed out. There is a fear.

  By the way, it is nothing but an extremely serious fallen from the Zen philosophy of Fuhua Buddhism, the origin of the shakuhachi. Therefore, in the mainstream of the generalized shakuhachi, an important issue is to break away from the dwarf egocentricism and build an ecological soul expression integrated with nature and the universe. It should be noted that this is the supremacy of “the sound of blowing away the bamboo that has decayed in the wind” and the monk seeking “Ichitonari Buddha”. Rather, shakuhachi has a decisive meaning for the monks of the Huahua Buddhism as a legal instrument (a tool for monks). It is because Shakuhachi truly represents the present state of the soul with a single sound. In other words, the shakuhachi sound of the hunting monk can have the greatest reason for its existence as a decisive indicator of its monks, especially as an indicator of its departure from egocentrism.

  In the Japanese sound culture, the flute used in Noh's <Hayashi>, which has a remarkable constitution that warns about hollowing out of higher-order brain activity due to emotion orientation, With other hardware (for example, the installation of throats) and software (for example, the method of playing Hijigi), a system in which emotional orientation is physically difficult is nurtured.

  Shakuhachi's music world has thoroughly devised the expression strategy of <unbeatable music> that has flowed through the oasis and grassland roads of the Silk Road for a long time, from the Middle Ages of Japan to the present, It can be said that it was exhausted. However, such an expression strategy is not unique to shakuhachi. It has deep and widespread invisible influence on all areas of Japanese sound culture. For example, you can see a variety of developments in the enormous system of Buddhist statements, narratives such as Joruri, Yoshita and Naniwabushi, folk songs and enka, shamisen music, and song. In contrast to Western music that attempts to capture the essence of music in a discrete symbolic structure that is symbolized by a staff notation or twelve equal temperament, the essence of music in a continuous, non-stationary structure. A system that captures

  Among them, the shakuhachi is attracting attention because it is highly consciously aimed at continually carving the complex structure that continuously transforms into the air in real time. Shakuhachi has consistently been accompanied by the impression of negative simplicity in the name of “primitive”, consistently since the encounter between Western and modern sound cultures and Japanese traditional sound cultures. Has been captured by the concept. However, in fact, on the contrary, I would like to draw attention to the fact that we have rationally constructed acoustic information manipulation techniques with terrible complexity and speed.

  The impact of Toru Takemitsu's “November Steps Ichiban” did not expose the cracks that were tearing the Western civilization of civilization by shakuhachi and the cracks of the sword under the sun. I wonder.

<3-1-2> Knowledge structure that transcends linguistic communication.
1. Ludwig Wittgenstein, a scientific thinker known for his logic positivism, said in his main book Theory of Logic Philosophy (1921) that “people must be silent about things they cannot talk about”. It is nothing but a declaration of a negative reason for non-verbal information. On the other hand, scientific philosopher Michael Polanye (the brother of economic anthropologist Advocate Carl Polanyi), who is based on physical chemistry, explains, “We can know more than we can talk about,” The idea of> was advocated. The term tacit knowledge is often suspected of its unique nuances such as irrationality, anti-scientificism or mysticism. However, the reality is that it is an intelligent device that is reasonably well prepared and carefully prepared.

  In the book “The Tacit Dimension” (1966), M. Polany has a strong momentum that has been filtered and discarded in the Western world since Descartes, and it seems that it has already disappeared beyond oblivion. Focused on linguistic information. He formed a very fundamental and effective idea about their existence and action, and proposed it under the name of tacit knowing. Although it is related to scientific thinking in general, it is expected to obtain a new perspective that is particularly effective in viewing the structure of sound. In summary, this model is structured as a systematic concept in the following two layers.

  In other words, tacit knowledge reveals an important relationship between the following two terms, with an understanding of the comprehensive existence that they collaborate to build. The first item is the details that make up the inclusive existence, and one can perceive it but cannot speak it explicitly with words. This item is called <proximity term>. The second item is the overall picture of the comprehensive existence that is noticed through the first item. This item is called <remote term>.

  This model fits well with a model that captures the sound that composes the music that we have nurtured in sound ecology, with a macro and micro dual structure. The structure of the sound that the inventors have made visible with the ME spectrum array method, especially the sound found very typically in shakuhachi and gamelan sounds, would be a good material. First, the imprecise structure drawn in the micro time domain, which is too complex to capture with consciousness and cannot be described in words, is in harmony with the concept of the first item = proximity term. In addition, it is an explicit form that can be captured in words, expressed in words, and translated into notes, in the form of a single collective sound that contains them as an internal structure, that is, in a macro time domain. The structure is in good harmony with the concept of second item = remote term. Let's examine whether this method is really valid and how effective it is in the process of tracking the analog-to-digital conversion of music using the ME spectrum array through the Western musical score.

  As a material for this study, we selected a gamelan from Bali, a typical music from a cultural area outside the staff system, and recorded the performance of the classic song “Ganbang Kuta” in the traditional style. Next, the structure of the recorded sound was drawn on a precise ME spectrum array, and the discrete articulated structure of this song was mapped onto the staff. Furthermore, the mapped sheet music was played on a piano, which is the most standard interface for converting notation to sound in Western music, and the structure of the sound was depicted in the ME spectrum array under the same conditions as gamelan (Fig. 32).

  Looking at the Gamelan spectrum array, the overall harmonic content is much more abundant than the fundamental tone, and the spectral transformation is tremendous. It varies drastically and complexly in the micro time domain over a wide frequency range extending to 100 kHz. In addition, on the musical score, a continuous change in the spectral structure occurs at any point in the time domain corresponding to a single sound.

  Our brain has a mechanism that captures the transformation of the extremely fast and extremely complex sound structure as seen here. We must have felt the excitement of gamelan sound and the sign of masterpieces. This information structure shown by the micro time domain of the gamelan sound is the tacit knowledge that "the details that make up the inclusive existence can be perceived by humans but cannot be spoken explicitly by words." This applies to the concept of the proximity term without major contradiction. Corresponding high-speed and complex information processing in the brain greatly exceeds the limit of the processing capability of the language brain module, and is in charge of a non-language brain having a function suitable for it.

  On the other hand, in the macro time domain, there is a state in which a sound that can be encoded into a note on the staff and easily captured by the consciousness is reduced corresponding to the keystroke. The entire sound forms a single unit composed of a close-up micro sound structure that constantly changes in a complex manner. This is "the whole figure that is noticed through the first item, and humans can recognize it separately from others", so it may be applied to the concept of tacit knowledge second item = remote term.

  This gamelan music is encoded and mapped to a staff notation and then decoded by playing the piano (FIG. 32). The sound spectrum spectrum shows a structure very similar to the original gamelan sound in the macro domain, and the encoding-decoding is achieved at a fairly high level. On the other hand, in the micro region, first, the existence of the sound component itself is extremely poor as compared with the gamelan, and the frequency region is almost within 10 kHz. The change of the spectrum is hardly observed except when it occurs at the time of keystroke, and the stationarity is dominant.

  In other words, in the piano sound seen here, for the remote term, sounds close to the ideal musical tone are sounded faithfully on the musical score and arranged on the time axis, but are not described in the musical score forming the adjacent term. The components are almost destroyed, and the sound has changed into a discrete articulated structure as a whole, and it has declined to be too big to ask for tacit knowledge. In this conversion system using the staff and piano, the proximity term, which is the first item of tacit knowledge, is not secured, and the loss of information from the proximity term lost here is extremely large.

  In this way, encoding into a staff notation and decoding using a piano change continuously in time while emphasizing and storing discrete articulated linguistic information structures from gamelan sounds. The non-verbal information structure that plays an essential role in making music into music is highly filtered and rejected. The knowledge structure of modern language tyranny that Polany builds and criticizes the tacit knowledge concept thus reveals a critical limit in the world of music.

  The transfer characteristic of the system of the staff notation, as you can see here, is extremely poor with respect to the complex sound structure that appears in the micro area and its transformation. In reality, however, most of the instruments, unlike the piano, emit a sound far from the ideal musical sound and secure a considerable degree of analog structural transformation, so that this defect can be avoided. Also, pianos have been successful in covering defects with the support of acrobatic tuning, composition and performance techniques, etc., while American blacks are highly effective as “rhythm instruments that play melodies” and “percussion instruments that make chords choke” Discovered the function, paved the way to commercial music through jazz, pop, etc., digging a great demand. In addition, music synthesizers overcome the situation where stationary oscillation sound (musical sound itself) could not function as music material in its early days, such as amplitude transition such as attack, decay, sustain and low frequency modulation in one sound Practical application has been achieved by generating envelopes that give unsteady structures. All of this is nothing but the result that the analog sound structure that transforms continuously and seems to have been tried to expel it almost without the theory of Western music was recalled by reality. It can be seen as evidence that the principles of Western music have been overturned by biological necessity and have been defeated.

  2. Just as the music notation once captured the macro structure of music as a visual pattern, our ME spectrum array depicted the micro structure of music. So, should this spectrum array be able to function as a “visual equivalent of music” or a “highly normative musical template” that has been played in the past? . Pollani says about such a personality problem: “Understanding the clarity of letting go can destroy our understanding of complex events. "We are wiped out and our concept of existence will be destroyed." This indication tells the negative significance of scoring the ME spectrum array. Rather, before that, a quantitative score created with a staff score was equivalent to music, and the Western music paradigm, which attempted to completely define the details of music, which was originally continuous by discrete codes, was re-examined. It is also worth noting that light is required.

  From the environmental studies of sound, I would like to repeat the following points. In the first place, the shakuhachi and gamelan sound images drawn by the present inventors using the ME spectrum array method, in particular the structure that transforms in its microscopic area, is a musical element and never reproduces. It belongs to the category of natural biological phenomena. It can be compared to the trace of a single tracking process when a lion hunts a deer, for example. That single record of analysis will certainly have a valuable utility as an accumulation of experience and later lessons, and will lead to tremendous value, especially as a resource for insights. But does this really lead to a positive utility as a “hunting template”? And how difficult it is to build the mold and cast the animal's behavior into it. The details of hunting behavior are basically a one-time history that is shaped by being spun by chance and inevitable in a spatiotemporal space-time system that is controlled by biological code. .

  In the same way, the micro structure of human nature's original music is built with the influence of the accidental influence including the information environment of the place of performance while the basic protocol is governed by the biological code and the cultural code. . The ME spectrum array that cuts out the momentary image is just an invisible cross section of the sound that it is making and enjoying itself. The effectiveness of the ME spectrum array method is to first show the activity of the non-linguistic brain that instantly sculpts and interprets this complex thing, and the eye (Manako ) Except for the subtle. At the same time, it should be expected only in the role of reviewing the relationship between sound and people, opening the beginnings of building new wisdom and insights, and evaluating their progress and resentment.

  3. Polany said, “When we try to make something work as a tacit term for tacit knowledge, we expand it so that it takes it in its own bag or wraps it inside. "I will eventually become the one who dwells it inside." To be sure, a good listener was quickly taken into the cage as a mass of sound objects before it was deciphered with the linguistic code of the violently changing complex air vibrations of the shakuhachi carved by the master. The code is instantiated with the biological code and the cultural code that make up another system, and the message is made identical to the message. By the way, how far is it possible to communicate the content and structure of information processing that constitutes this process and the emotions born in the trap to a third party who does not know the shakuhachi in a language?

  First, with regard to the pitch, length, and number of sounds played here, the human brain is able to accurately use linguistic or symbolic articulation such as words, numbers, symbols, and signs. Can be portrayed and communicated to others at a reproducible level. The staff score developed by the Western European civilization shows an excellent example. However, it is almost impossible to describe and transmit the details of such sounds, such as the spectrum of the sound and its transformation, with the same accuracy (FIGS. 30 and 31).

  As another example, consider the act of “drinking”. In a banquet, the person who leans the cup of capacity and spends a certain amount of alcohol and communicates the amount of alcohol consumed to the person who was absent from the place by means of language. Can do. However, about the taste and intoxication of sake that the people who enjoyed here enjoyed, it would be inevitable that they would be despaired if they tried to convey to the unknown people about the sake by linguistic means.

  Certainly, no matter how much you try to convey the taste of the fine sake of the shakuhachi sound and the beauty of the heavenly beauty to people who have never touched it, no matter how much you put out words and brushes, you will end up with effort. There is no doubt. However, when trying to do so in a linguistic procedure, such a difficult procedure is communicated, but on the other hand, the concise procedure of actually listening to the sound of a famous shakuhachi and sipping a cup of sake. It is also a harsh fact that it can be realized completely and completely.

  The newly emerged issues regarding the subject and method of transmission must be considered essential and important, although they may not have received much attention in recent years. Classically on this issue, Blaise Pascal's philosophy focusing on abstractness and emphasis on concreteness and demonstrability, John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume pointed out the limits of rationalism of Descartes et al. There was their empirical idea. However, it is impractical to approach the issues raised here on these extensions. Therefore, the present inventors arranged this within the framework of sound environmental studies, and actually learned information that can be known by means of communication including linguistic discrete articulated procedures. We decided to distinguish the two as “experience information” as non-linguistic information that cannot be known without the process of doing it.

  Experiential information transmission means that the process of realizing physical acceptance of information by investing in an actual information space is essential. It leads to Polany's "our body is the ultimate tool for all our external knowledge, whether intellectual or practical." It should be noted that the substance of the information processing system that is at the heart of what Polany calls “body” here is nothing but the work of our non-verbal brain. Similarly, it supports the fact that not only <indirect recognition> information that allows <remote reception> but also <direct recognition> information with <close reception> has a very important meaning. doing. However, both the linguistic linguistic information and the experiential non-linguistic information are not bi-directionally differentiated, but form a kind of spectrum with various degrees and combinations for each event. In that respect, it is common to the analog-digital spectrum.

  There are various ways to introduce the difference between communicability and experientiality in information phenomena, and in particular, quantitative properties such as the amount of information, dimensions, and transformation speed of the object are fundamentally significant. In connection with this, the procedure and time for constructing or reconstructing the target information system may be a problem. In addition, the mobility of information transmitted by the object and the mobility of the information transmission source itself may be decisive. Furthermore, aspects such as information storage and duplication can be ignored. On top of these various aspects, it will be possible to organize information structures and information transmission in a gradual hierarchical structure ranging from communication to experience.

  Let me give you a specific example. Hierarchies that are most communicative and highly compatible with artificial electronic information communications, such as numbers, mathematical formulas, words, sentences, and simple one-dimensional discrete symbols or discrete strings such as small computer programs. There is information with a clause structure. These have a small capacity, are easy to create, and have a light mobility that can be smoothly passed through even a narrow artificial communication circuit. Next, as a higher-capacity hierarchy in which these pieces of information are developed, a document, a book (however, only a character and a symbol are not included) can be considered. Until this stage, almost all of the information is ready for processing by language brain function.

  As a subsequent step, it is necessary to consider data that is originally converted from continuous audio and images in an analog state, or a hierarchy of data obtained by digitizing them. These are associated with non-verbal brain activities, which are not only large in size but inherently two-dimensional in image data as compared to discrete linguistic symbol articulation information. Nevertheless, these mediaized data can also be substantially transmitted by a fairly simple communication means. As the next step, the audio visual information hierarchy that integrates the remote receiving information covering the visual and auditory languages as well as the language and voices mentioned so far, and the computer further intervened to incorporate control signals and increase the dimension. A hierarchy of multimedia and virtual reality comes. Although the hierarchy so far has an information structure corresponding to both language brain functions and non-language brain functions, it may be considered that communication by communication is sufficiently ensured. All of them constitute an <indirect recognition> information system capable of <remote reception>.

  However, considering higher layers, there will be situations where it is easy to transfer only information, that is, “communication”. For example, art. The effect is undoubtedly dependent on the “art information” sent from the object itself, not the object itself. That is, it is an information system that includes optical information as a main component and may contain information that is stimulating for hearing, touch, smell, and somatic sensation. However, unlike the media of photography, printing, video, etc., the art information that a work of art has as its active ingredient cannot be separated from the object of unique work itself that is the source of information. It is strictly in the sense that it is not a <direct recognition> transmission mode that often involves <close reception> under a format centered on the retina of the recipient directly capturing the light signal sent out from the work of art. It does not fall under the appreciation of art. In other words, whether or not you “see the real thing” has a decisive meaning. Needless to say, this transmission format belongs to the “experience” area, and the dimension, amount, and degree of change of information to be transmitted increase at once, and the specific gravity is greatly inclined toward the functional area side of the non-language brain.

  The information transmission realized here cannot essentially follow the “communication” flow. However, information can be moved. This is realized in the form of transporting the artwork that is the source of information to a place where you can appreciate it. This phenomenon suggests that information communication is not exactly equivalent to information movement. A format close to this can be seen in the clear transmission of experience, such as appreciation of live <music> and <entertainment>, and is realized by means of moving the performer. Of course, there may be a form in which the viewer moves to the performer. In both cases, the transmission of information will be realized through the movement of the human body called “journey”, and the complexity, plurality, and transformation of information that can be transmitted will be further enhanced accordingly. Can do.

  Even in the same live performance, there are things that can't be moved, as well as those that can move. In that case, the ceremonial executors and participants move to the ceremonial space, and the mobility of information is lost. When it comes to <festival>, which is often deeply related to ceremonies, it is rather exceptional when the information source can move away from the original festive space, and the specific gravity of the experience becomes much more pronounced accordingly. . On the other hand, in natural and partially artificial landscapes, of course, there is no information mobility. When this level is reached, a procedure called “Travel” in which the recipient's body is moved to the location of the information source becomes indispensable as a means of information transmission. This is nothing but the behavior of the recipient to experience an information space that is different from his / her own home as a temporary environment, and the personality of experiential information transmission and dependence on non-verbal brain functions is emphasized. .

The present inventors further have an information activity area related to the transfer of a large-scale information system such as <skill> and <intercultural exchange> as well as acquisition of <skill>. These require a longer-term experience in the form of a “stay”, not as temporary as a trip.
What will be the ultimate in such experiential information and its transmission? Perhaps it can be captured in the process of settled in the environment created by the “natural ecosystem” and “traditional community” and handed down the lifestyle.

  There is no doubt that linguistic communication information and non-linguistic experiential information are inherently complementary. However, since the difference between the two spectra appearing on the surface layer is significant, it must be noted that it tends to be often captured in a conflict. In order to reduce confusion and misunderstanding as much as possible, it would be effective to organize the main phase difference between the two as an information processing process with the brain working in mind.

  The communication information has a relatively simple and explicit structure, a strong discrete property, and high adaptability to digital information processing. Humans can input this kind of information into the brain through communication mediators such as languages and symbols. This corresponds to the <indirect recognition> information transmitted by <remote reception> proposed by the present inventors. This is behind the concept of communication information. Although the information processing process after acceptance is complicated, its main component can be put on the information processing flow by the language brain module, and it is usually mainstream. This process involves storing a one-dimensional array of words and symbols in the brain's data storage system, and recalling and recombining them into the workspace memory, which is the “cooking table” for information processing in the brain. Doing it, storing it in the storage system again and storing it, or converting it into communication information such as voice, writing, sign language etc. through the physical function that becomes the output interface, and outputting it to the external environment etc. Yes. This process as a whole is suitable for monitoring by consciousness and reporting its contents in language. If this property is used, the information processing method and contents can be transferred to a rational learning procedure, that is, “education” in which knowledge is symbolized and transmitted.

  On the other hand, experiential information has a more complex and implicit structure, and has a strong continuous nature, so it is not very suitable for digital information processing. About this kind of information, human beings cannot convert the whole into a language / symbolic medium and input it into the brain without damaging the essence. That is, it cannot have communication. Instead, it directly touches the target information source and information space and transplants (maps) the contents of the experience into the non-linguistic brain as it is as an information system that spreads continuously over a complex and fluid dimensional structure. be able to. This property harmonizes with the information concept of the <direct recognition> property proposed by the present inventors. Here, the input reaction that is brought about by contact with the information source is distributed in a region having a strong non-linguistic property among sensing, sensing, and perception.

  Since this experiential information forms a much larger information system than communicative information, it must be stored in the large-capacity data storage system in the brain differently from the communicative information. This category of memory does not fit very well with leading taxonomies, including Larry Squire's bisection of memory on long-term memory. If you deal with it, it will probably cover a wide range, such as the majority of <procedural memory> and the semantic memory and episode memory in <declarative memory>.

  These data can be moved or transcribed to a very large multi-dimensional continuous workspace memory system, which becomes a “cooking table” of information processing in the brain, and the processing operation can be added to the data storage system. Will be appended or saved. However, unlike communication information, experiential information in data storage or workspace memory cannot be output to the external environment as it is (for example, if our bag has the function of a video projector by nature) Part of it will be realized). In addition, due to its high density complexity and high speed of transformation, the processing process of experiential information cannot be monitored by consciousness circuits in its own brain and reported by linguistic means like communication information. However, once such experiential information is once stored in the non-language brain, it is highly realized that it is digitally converted and transferred to the language brain.

  In this way, experiential information processing has the important property of proceeding mainly with non-verbal brain activity that exceeds the perceived range. These brain activities are essentially implicit and implicit, even if they are highly intelligent, so it is essential to consider them as black boxes. It should be noted that the succession of this activity to the next generation cannot be fully effective by explicit and rational “education” centered on symbolic transfer of knowledge. Therefore, we have to expect a great deal from the power of “tradition” that can control the implicit information world more effectively.

  4). I would like to call this intellectual activity related to experiential information <experience knowledge>. Summarizing it here again, it can be said that it is an intellectual activity that accurately generates, incorporates, accumulates, reconstructs, and outputs information with dimensions, density, and complexity that exceed communication. Let ’s go. As a base of this activity, the information that cannot be replaced by language is incorporated into my “sword” —actually the non-linguistic brain—identifies it, and outputs the resentment as an action. It is necessary to focus on non-verbal brain function.

  Needless to say, the non-linguistic brain and the language brain module that make up our brain work together. In that context, it may be possible to reconsider the whole of intellectual activity in which the involvement of the non-verbal brain has an absolutely indispensable and decisive meaning as tacit knowledge. In addition to the experiential knowledge that has been studied so far, I think that intuition knowledge, insight knowledge, and traditional knowledge can be assumed as intellectual subsystems that make up the content. I would like to construct those concepts, though they are very budding.

  First, among the brain functions at the individual level, <intuition> can be considered as an intellectual activity related to <intuition>, which is probably the most implicit and has the fastest transient response. Intuition reacts to input from the external or internal environment, or spontaneously performs information processing in a reflective manner, without any analytical logical thinking as a linguistic process, and programming and execution of actions This is a structure that outputs and constructs some information structure including, and its black box character is particularly remarkable. The basis of this function is a write-once operating system (OS) that is based on a set of programs that are innately preset in the brains of all human beings based on genetic information, and that is socially and culturally constructed and imprinted. In principle, it can be thought of as a fixed program system.

  However, there is a big gap between culture and society whether this activity is considered to be intrinsically fixed or intrinsically ceramic, and this means that the activity level of the non-verbal brain is the social unit. Is almost definitive. On the one hand, there is a society where the function is implicitly defined as an innately fixed function that is difficult to become a subject of learning, and there is no awareness, opportunity or means to refine and grow it. For example, in Western modern times. The activity of intuition left in such a social environment remains budding even in adults and elderly people, and by human standards, it may end up in a simple level below that of infants. If we leave things to such atrophied intuitions, trust and appreciation for intuition will decline more and more as failures and catastrophes occur frequently. In this social environment trapped in this vicious circle, intuition and its non-verbal brain functions are inherently uncertain, inferior, dangerous, and in a position of brain activity that should never be relied upon. It will be. The existence of this constitution is highly doubted in modern civilizations.

  However, in other societies and cultural spheres, regardless of whether they are conscious or not, innate intuition is just an active ingredient, as is the case with other abilities. You may think that it will work in earnest for the first time. Within such social groups, there is no lack of will, opportunity and means to refine and intuition. In such a society, it is quite rare that social standards have been built substantially "explicitly" in terms of qualities, skill, ability, etc. related to intuition, and have led to the evaluation of social members by their abilities. Absent. The human intuition crafted in such a rich social environment is sophisticated, reliable and highly reproducible, and is truly worthy of intuition. Attention should be paid to the existence of a society that has a high status as a core area of human activity with high effectiveness and certainty against such brain functions and is secured by experience and achievements. right.

  Looking at the difference between these two attitudes towards intuition, the culture of whistle sounds that has been used as a reference material, we rejected the addition of intuition to the right path of thinking and did not make its operation normal. A typical example of how to do this can be seen in Western art music that gave birth to a boem flute. In contrast, as an example of putting intuition in the right path of thinking and making full use of its activity as a decisive factor, you can look at the Japanese sound culture that raised Shakuhachi. There, for example, under the slogan "Swinging around 3 years and 8 years", the operation of shaking the neck, which can be intuitively performed by anyone, is thoroughly refined in a traditional system that has been proven. The system of ability to execute uncontrollable and unconsciously accurately is built.

  Western Europe and modernity, which was built with a high refusal of reliance on intuition, both ideologically and practically, has now faced critical limits, and neglected a fundamental review of the treatment of intuition. I think it should not be. To that end, for example, we searched for specific materials such as the flute that represents East and West and their culture, and began to integrate logic activity and intuition, and intellectual activities that have been separated so far. It would be useful to try to approach

  <Insight> can be considered as an important area of intellectual activity contributed by non-verbal brain functions developed based on insight acquired by the brains of higher animals. The insight as a biological concept leads to a sudden and direct problem-solving behavior following some exploratory or trial-and-error approaches, with a comprehensive understanding of the environment and subject in higher animals It means a process, which is markedly non-analytic and illogical. The insights here are thought to be instantaneous, dramatic, and superlogical intellectual activities that develop by incorporating the analytical and logical thinking of human language brain modules as elements. It begins with an implicit world of information that can only be perceived or perceived without being easily perceived or conscious, and within the same field of view to an explicit world of information that can be clearly perceived and conscious, It is composed of rational knowledge and logic knowledge, and intuition and experience knowledge. It results as an intellectual activity that predicts a high degree of perfection with leap and maturity that can never be realized by relying solely on logical and linguistic thinking. Clear judgments and predictions about the fact that the range of knowledge and experience is beyond the bounds of rational reasoning are the true essence. For example, in the history of Shakuhachi's development, a non-linear non-linearity such as “reducing a few finger holes”, and an inspirational spirit that can be seen as one of the manifestations.

  <Traditional knowledge> is the introduction of various tacit knowledge such as experience knowledge, intuition knowledge, and insight knowledge into the broad fields of society and history, where non-language brain functions are essential factors, and its effectiveness in practice. It can be said that it is an intellectual activity that is being handed down while verifying. This process inevitably involves evolution and jealousy, so that every thing with a track record worthy of tradition is guaranteed “implicit rationality”. In particular, it should be noted that it often takes the form that “the mechanism is unexplainable, but the resurrection is proven and trustworthy”. By the way, you can see the tremendous level of activity in Japanese traditional arithmetic technology (Abacus and Mental Arithmetic) and Balinese traditional sound culture.

  Polanyi said, “The great philosophical movement that came out of the enlightenment movement is the It means refusing the grounds for praising fully intelligent self-determination, "" each successive generation, and each member of it, critically tests all the teachings that brought it up. He denies the possibility ”and has a position not to give up to“ denial by all authority or traditional science ”. Furthermore, “discourses that are clearly derived from explicit assumptions can be critically tested by examining their assumptions and the process of reasoning that led them.” If we know a lot of things we can't talk about ... the idea of knowledge on a completely explicit basis will collapse, and the transfer of knowledge from one generation to another is largely Must conclude that is implicit. "

  Based on this idea, Polany intends to reinstate heritage as the definitive means of conveying the implied dimension across generations, with her enlightenment being the greatest defeat target along with her authority. . That is, “Traditionalism requires belief before and to know, based on clear data, from which there is only a clear discourse that can be repeatedly tested, derived from formal reasoning. "It is based on deeper insights into the nature of knowledge and the transmission of knowledge than unreasonable scientific rationalism."

  By the way, throughout the 20th century, when Western civilization landed in Japan and continued to exert its tremendous influence, Shakuhachi's music was shaken by the phase difference of the culture of my sound, and was one of the most devastated fields. There is no doubt that it was one. The efforts to develop and disseminate the porous shakuhachi that have flourished since the 1920s can be said to be a result of such cultural pressure. In particular, after the Second World War, Shakuhachi was often imitated as an instrument that symbolizes pre-modernity as a negative value of Japan in the process of creating an overwhelmingly superior environment for Western art. Its primitiveness, simplicity, irrationality, ideation, authority, mystery, etc. are raised, it is exposed to severe headwinds, and it seems that it is natural to describe it as `` falling '' at one time .

  This led to various revisions to the history and current status of the shakuhachi, and in particular, the internationalization and modernization became seriously sought. Toru Takemitsu's “November Steps Ichiban” and its young shaku, which emerged from such circumstances, repelled the adversity that covered Shakuhachi and bursting its essential power to the cutting edge of world music The success of Katsuya Yokoyama, who became an eight soloist, has invaluable value. I don't know how much this inspired inspiring budding shakuhachi players. Among them, the internationally acclaimed players grew up one after another, including Kuniyama Yamamoto, who succeeded in entering jazz.

  This step from the fall of Shakuhachi to the resurrection is easy to see on the surface the expansion of the application. However, it should be particularly pointed out here that, while such diversification of applications, the interest in classical music, which should be the essence of the generalized shakuhachi, has increased in parallel, and the traditional music has been adapted accordingly. The evaluation of the instrument structure and playing style was reestablished. For example, the old pipes, which are no longer seen by those who sneak away at one time, are now different, for example, between the “Shinpachi Shakuhachi” and the “Shinpachi Shakuhachi”. “The appearance is the same, but the characteristics of the instrument are completely different. It is said that it is suitable for classical music, and the latter is suitable for trio and contemporary music.

  When thinking about the background of the recovery of the evaluation of such old pipes and this song, we cannot find any evidence of support by theory or promotion by slogans. Rather, there is a natural process in which spring water oozes from the ground. Ultimately, the code system of sound culture that has been passed down deeply and deeply into the Japanese society and the traditional knowledge that is the source of its water breathe steadily and implicitly support the history of Shakuhachi. Make you feel. When thinking about what the life function that supports this activity is, you can't assume anything other than a non-verbal brain. It is noteworthy that the activity is likely to survive and survive the extremely incompatible historical and cultural environment of Japan after the Second World War, and secured as a constitution of social groups.

<3-1-3> Can the brain reprove the promised sound?
1. In the modern civilization that originated in Western Europe, the sounds promised to human genes have followed the path of death. The footprints are in front of our eyes now. The basic concept of capturing music as discrete symbol articulation information, musical sounds as sound elements defined as its elements, musical notation in which musical sounds are encoded and arranged in a quantitative coordinate space, and visual information with electromagnetic waves as entities The equality that can be converted to an equivalent and reversible music that is a musical score, which is the auditory information that is the substance of air vibration, and the twelve equal temperament calculated independently of the natural temperament code to realize this. The negative legacy, such as the absolute pitch that irreversibly imprints this twelve equal temperament, which has questionable physiological compatibility with humanity, on the infant's language brain, is heavy. In the process of studying these details based on the framework of sound environment, the roots of these pathological phenomena that show various forms are non-verbal, with linguistic explicit information that is easy to grasp by consciousness, prejudice The state of converging on the philosophy of discarding implicit information is emerging.

  On the other hand, the harpsichord who left the piano in the process that these thoughts ruled the world of Western music, the gamelan of Bali, which is now in the spotlight of the world, or the Japanese scale in contrast to Western music. Looking at Hachi no Hibiki, we found that the non-verbal information structure that is the essence of music is richly developed. Sound sound that cannot be grasped in these words has very high commonality with the environmental sound of the rainforest which is the most promising candidate of the original sound environment promised by human genes in terms of its signal structure. These environmental sounds have also been rejected without consideration in Western civilizations.

  Looking at the background of the divergence from the sound promised to humanity seen here from the perspective of `` brain work '', the idea of strongly respecting language brain function with consciousness at the top is theoretically armed, rather than belief Rather, there is a view that is led by faith. For example, the effect of the left and right asymmetry of the hemisphere can be clearly seen in a classic model in which the left brain with language function is named the dominant brain and the other right brain is named the inferior brain.

  On the other hand, the present inventors reviewed the positioning of the brain of words from the framework of sound environmental studies, "Language brain module derived from the non-linguistic brain body universal to animals and the great ape stage from there I made a new model. A new consideration based on this model is that the constitution of the Western civilization that prioritizes linguisticity by overturning the relationship between the non-verbal brain body and the accompanying language brain module is inseparable from the decline of the `` sound promised by the genes '' I am embarking on what is tied to

  Getting out of the present situation, which can be called language brain worship, must also be hurried in order to make the mind and body of human beings living in this civilization healthy. But that is not easy. This is because once you fall into the system settings of a fallen brain that puts language brain function, especially <consciousness> at the top, there is an overlapping mechanism that makes it difficult to escape from it. It reminds me of starting a kind of self-disassembly program.

  In this regard, first, as an acute symptom that occurs mainly at the individual level, there is a pathology that starts with consciousness occupying the operating system of the brain body that is inherently plural. It narrows the visual field of the mind, slows thinking one-dimensional discretely, and closes the circuit to create an information isolation system. There is an “absolute belief” that dominates the heart regardless of authenticity, as long as the logical form is in place, and it will grow without end.

  Next, as a chronic symptom that spreads to the social level, the vicious circle that leads to cold treatment of nonverbal brain functions is serious. The validity of implicit and non-verbal brain functions that constitute tacit knowledge, such as intuition, experience, insight, and traditional knowledge, is inherently stochastic. If you try to eliminate it from society as a low-reliability approach to the definitive validity that is the essence of language brain function, it will be combined with it and its learning process will be excluded from society as well. Will be. In other words, the opportunity to refine the non-language brain function is deprived, and the activity of the non-language function, which requires much time and space to cultivate much more than the language function, will decline at an accelerated pace. They are finally allowed to decline the activity opportunities and achievements of intuition knowledge and traditional knowledge in the society, it would be to go endlessly to fall to its authority. It is difficult to measure how much the function of the non-verbal brain that human beings originally have will be lost after the generation of this vicious circle of modern civilization.

  Furthermore, as a phenomenon that caused the decline of non-verbal brain function from a completely different angle at the civilization history level, it was extremely difficult to review and turn it back. “Academic / art (later including physical education) occupations” Cannot be ignored. <Advanced Specialization> appeared in the Western world from the middle of the nineteenth century, proliferated violently while being justified by overwhelming effectiveness throughout the 20th century, and eventually deepened resentment as if it seemed to conquer the world.

  From one perspective, Western-style academic and artistic specialization is a strategy developed for an attempt to professionalize the approach to the “goodness of beauty” that should be the ultimate activity created by the evolution of the brain. No. As shown in <Kansei Brain Model> by the present inventors, positive and negative feedback is applied to the linear and simple objective rationality with reason, and the limit is overcome, and the multi-dimensional and large-scale space-time It is none other than the reward system of the brain related to true goodness, that is, the sensory brain function, that makes the rationality optimized for the system fly. Therefore, in essence, the reason is that the direct interests that the reason is trying to output are not parallel to the action, and transcends it and takes circuit characteristics that control it. From this point of view, the form of survival that earns the food by professioning the goodness and beauty possesses a mechanism that leads to some kind of self-contradiction.

  In modern civilizations, a person who is an expert as a profession must justify non-experts and then other professional candidates in the same industry in order to justify their existence. , It is required to demonstrate socially that it excels in professional skills. Therefore, what is said to maintain and improve one's own position is a very simple arithmetical strategy on how to efficiently produce the performance to be evaluated with limited capacity. In other words, the field of view is narrowed first, the target is set as small and specialized as possible, and all power is poured into it.

  Max Weber, one of the pioneering philosophers who promoted academic professionalization and specialization at the beginning of the 20th century, said in his previous lecture “Study as a profession” that this tactic is so noble. Describes the essence that can not be said without any ambition, and recommends it, "Those who can not wear eyeglasses from Mizuka ... are people who are far from studying first" (Otaka) Kunio translation). It imposes self-occlusion and monofunctionalization as “justice” in the construction of brain functions of those who want to study (and art). In highly specialized societies that have their own specializations divided into disciplines, education systems and institutions that train expert candidates are prepared on the one hand, and on the other hand, they are less than candidates produced from there. Numerous livelihood posts are being prepared. In other words, there is an inevitable process of selecting an option that takes the form of excessive competition. This structure is rarely found in societies in the primary industry stage. The competition for survival sought by this framework forces candidates to choose based on their expertise.

  In fact, I haven't seen any examples where this has been pointed out at this time, but note that the “competition” event that appears in this way has a negative effect that is almost fatal for implicit non-language brain functions. I want to arouse. The mechanism is as follows. In order to promote this competition, selection, and trap flow fairly, it is essential that the rules be “clarified” in advance and that objective rational judgment be performed after that. On the other hand, the absence of prior explicit rules and insightful or situational judgments after seeing the results lead to this system becoming self-destructive. Therefore, the value standard exercised in this system can be described as objectively as possible as linguistic information. Preferably, candidates are arranged in a line on a one-dimensional quantitative discrete scale. It should be simple and clear.

  In other words, in this value system, the complex, implicit, and ambiguous activities that the multi-dimensional continuous large-capacity high-speed information processing of the non-linguistic brain body produces can only lead to positive value. Rather, negative values are counted and subject to exclusion. On the other hand, the activity related to the language brain module in charge of only one-dimensional discrete information processing occupies an overwhelmingly preferential evaluation position. Now that China's bureaucratic promotion test has ended, the Western modern civilization in which we are in the midst of this process is already markedly more prominent than other cultures in terms of competition toward this language function. I think we are still accelerating.

  As described above, from the perspective of brain function, brain control by consciousness as an acute symptom, weakness of non-verbal brain function as a chronic symptom, intensifying competition with advanced specialization that directly and indirectly accelerates these As a result, the current state of Western civilization is making the decline of the non-verbal information world and the depletion of tacit knowledge. There is an example where two of the best primate researchers described the daily appearance of such a system that seems to have already penetrated into every corner of civil life. One is "Briete Gardicus", one of "Leakey's three daughters" (female anthropologist researcher trio discovered and raised by Queen of the Fossil Anthropology), the other is known by "I Project" that approaches the intelligence of chimpanzees The record is Tetsuro Matsuzawa and is recorded in Eco Sophia No. 5 (2000). Let's quote the relevant part.

Matsuzawa: Welcome to Japan. This is your first visit to Japan. How is your impression?
Gardikas: A beautiful country. And it's safe.
Matsuzawa: I understand the safety, but what does it mean to be beautiful?
Gardikas: First of all, the appearance of the town is beautiful. The road is also beautiful. Garbage has not fallen. Even the trash can is beautiful. Even tanks that store gas are colored with flowers. You can feel the beauty of the details.
Matsuzawa: Safe and beautiful ... how about people?
Gardikas: I think it ’s good. Be polite, kind and don't speak useless words. He / she waits quietly. In America, where Ohashi Riki lived, people are always speaking loudly. Otherwise, you will not be able to communicate well. If you don't speak, you can't rest assured. In Japan, there is no need to speak loudly. I think that you can feel good just by sitting silently. There is no tension.
Matsuzawa: When I was talking about something, I have something to come up with. My experience in America. For example, a station bench waiting for a train. Suppose you sit next to a stranger. From where it was far away, already hunched, to create a smile to the face, while raising and lowering his eyebrows, "Hello" it is necessary to apply a voice to Fu, such as "It's good weather,""What Is ~". If you don't do that, you'll be surprised and jumped away if you get close and suddenly sit next to you. But that's not necessary in Japan. There is no sense of incongruity sitting quietly next to you. The other party is not surprised. You can coexist without tension, even if you don't give a lot of signals, “I am safe for you”, and there is no verbal explanation.
Gardicus: That's right. It's great that you don't have to use wasted energy in your relationship, and you can communicate even when you are silent. It is also a joy. In American culture, there is always tension in the relationship between people. The same thing happens when you break up, as opposed to when you meet. He speaks, hits his shoulders, hugs, smiles, raises and lowers his eyebrows, and after a while he talks about a loveless story, finally confirms the bond and breaks up. In Japan, at best, just stare at each other and bow. Goodbye is goodbye. I hope that this quiet and wonderful Japanese traditional culture will be kept forever without being swallowed by the wave of global change.

  This is a case where non-verbal communication called “Ishin Shinshin” is effective as a cultural code at the social level, and the form in which it is replaced by linguistic communication does not necessarily mean improvement, but rather the loss of time and energy Examples with negative effects of increased tension are drawn.

  Medical journalist Rita Carter, in his book “Mapping The Mind,” captures the problem in the framework of the left (language) and right (non-language) brains as follows: Says.

  “Homo sapiens is so prosperous as a species because of the left brain. It is only with the left brain that it calculates, communicates, and even builds and executes complex plans. But it's not only good, the Western world's bad reputation – materialism, greed for control, and insensitivity – comes mostly from the left brain, whereas the right brain is calm, emotional and united with nature. It has the nature of trying to make it reminiscent of the East. "

  In addition, the ultimate of linguistic information is the “number” of “economic value”. It cannot be overlooked that this is self-propagating and dominates the real world. The global total of GDP is now 30 trillion dollars, while the amount of currency transactions this year is worth 300 trillion dollars. The literary writer Michael Ende, who spent his later years in the charges of unethical currency, left the following words: “From my point of view, the real problem with modern money is that the money itself is bought and sold as a commodity. It ’s a serious problem ”(from Ende's Will).

  The most anticipated movement to escape from this situation is probably the review of modern rationalism and science and technology civilizations, which are making an unprecedented rise in Western civilization itself. The momentum is also symbolized by the activities of Gardicas and the three leaky daughters. At least it is opening up the path of reevaluation and reapproach to intuition, experience, insights and traditions, and there is no doubt that its momentum is accelerating. The biggest challenge for this direction is that the non-lingual brain function that becomes the “seed” is depleted. The length of reconstruction time, which is difficult to predict, is also a problem, and the risk of deepening language priorities that must be countered and deterred during that time, and how to deal with it, must be a serious issue.

  2. Turning to your eyes, what is possible as an approach from the culture side that still ensures non-verbal brain function? There are several oriental traditions that showed a sharp break when the wave of Western modern civilization spread with enlightenment ideas, Cartesian dualism, Newtonian physics and so on. The old mansion philosophy, Zen, and the shakuhachi sound culture that belongs to its genealogy are typical examples. When these backgrounds are interpreted as the work of the brain, in contrast to Western civilization, the existence of a thought that suppresses non-language brain functions and strongly suppresses language brain functions emerges.

  Interestingly, the origin of such thoughts dating back to ancient times seems to be in some way connected to the current awareness of the present inventors who are wary of flooding of linguistic information. This is because, for example, the old mansion philosophy that emphasizes “experience rather than language” was founded in China, where the world ’s best character culture was already being built. This is because the origin of Zen, which is said to begin with “non-verbal communication directly”, dates back to ancient India, where it was accumulating the textbooks that would have the world's largest language sequence. The time of the samurai where the old mansion was said to have lived (around the 5th century BC) roughly overlaps with the time when Shakyamuni lived in India. And both have a strong sense of alertness to letters and language. In other words, the use of languages that are becoming active in each country and society will cause some side effects, or there will be signs of it. You can see what was causing it. There may have already been a situation that requires appropriate control of linguistic information as something that cannot be ignored.

  Let's assume that the original language form promised to human genes was as simple as Malay and Lingala. Then, the languages in civilizations that are flourishing in the spring and fall of Sengoku era, where the Buddha lived in ancient India and the old and young children, were already far from their originality, rather than the standard state preset for genes. It may have been a deeply adapted state. Did Tetsuto's shame read the current situation and things that could not be seen in the future?

  Zen and the old mansion idea eventually met in China, and from that interaction, Zen Buddhism was born. In addition, it spreads over and over again from the Kamakura period to the Edo period in Japan, and has a great influence on the formation of Japanese culture itself. Zen of the Fuhua sect, which is the foundation of the shakuhachi culture, is one of its important trends. Japan's Zen, which gave birth to the universal shakuhachi, which is an exquisite material for emphasizing the contradictions and limitations hidden in the Western European art music paradigm, has been honed from the Kamakura period to the present day, but has been greatly polished Continued. And since the Meiji era, especially after the Second World War, it has been developing internationally and its content has been enhanced.

  By the way, zazen, which is the core of Zen Buddhism, can be viewed as learning and checking techniques to deter language brain function at will. For example, in the form of constellation toward the wall, like the Japanese Soto Zen zazen, environmental information is highly deprived, which closes the circuit of the language brain module and creates a feedback loop, causing consciousness to oscillate. Makes it easier to occupy the entire brain. It is extremely difficult for ordinary people to reverse this and secure the superiority of the nonverbal brain. The reality of the monk is in the place where it is trained so that it can realize the grounds of “unforgettable”. This training incorporates a mechanism that takes a kind of biofeedback, such as a procedure in which the guiding monk senses disorder and sends a “policy” and hits his shoulders. There is a device to remember the control method. A brain trained in this way can ensure the ability to compete well in situations where the language brain is predominant.

  In contrast to this Zen strategy, esoteric ceremonies are attracting attention. This is visually abundant in a multi-dimensional, high-density, complex transformation, such as preparing a “daidan”, arranging a “mandala”, singing a “statement” auditorily, and spreading goma and incense. The sensibility information is made into an environment and sent to all human sensory windows. In Kegon Buddhism, magnificent rituals incorporating natural ecosystems, such as Shujikai at Todaiji Temple, are spread out in the same direction. They automatically open the brain's information reception space to multiple dimensions, and with its powerful power, release the central control of the brain by language function, especially <consciousness>, with little effort. It is noteworthy that the Kansei information environment developed in this way has a lot to do with the information environment of the rainforest and the performance of the Mubuti people who can expand on the stage. In that regard, the ritual tactics of Esoteric Buddhism and Kegon Buddhism can be said to have clever wisdom that deciphers and utilizes the basic design of the human brain.

  Focusing on Zen's powerful ability to suppress language brain, in line with the decontrollable runaway of language brain function, we switched to the mode of cognitive thinking in Western Europe that can not wipe out the suspicion of the indecisive decline of non-language brain function. Seems to be in the best position to recommend. The efforts seem to be consciously advanced. I don't know if it's in the stage of asking questions about the outcome, but I can really feel that this approach is more difficult than expected.

  It is especially the ultimate Zen slogan that has been condensed throughout the long history, such as “Ishinshin (a Zen term that means transmitting the truth from a teacher to a disciple) that cannot be communicated in language” (Ryumonji) (Zen's term for enlightenment cannot be communicated by words or letters, so it is communicated by non-verbal means without using it) ”simply implies the superiority of non-verbal brain function Not only to do, but to strongly imply denial and exclusion of language brain function. This trend became ideologically radical in religious controversies, insisting on the exclusive sole and absoluteization of non-linguistic functions, and the tendency to impose abandonment on the use of language functions. It is completely in phase with the Cartesian consciousness of absolute consciousness, but the attribute of exclusivity poses a challenge. In other words, the authentic Zen approach has strict restrictions on language use, especially objective, logical and rational. However, the current knowledge structure in Western Europe has already left the communication circuits other than language functions to decline, and its innate biological code is probably likely to be overlooked, and Zen transmission strongly rejects linguisticity. I don't think there is a saucer to accept the mode. This may be one of the reasons why Zen is expected to be the most promising candidate for bridging the Shenzhen that lies between East and West thoughts, but progress is not necessarily strong.

  On top of this structure, the following problems that would have been associated for a long time are synergistically overlapped, making the situation even more serious. For example, it is hopelessly difficult to convey empirical information such as shakuhachi sound and taste of sake using linguistic information, even though it is hopelessly difficult. It is related to the characteristic of experiential information that the transmission of a huge amount of complex information can be accomplished instantly and innocently just by praising the sake and the sake that boasts the beauty of heaven. It is objective and explicit among the people who have cultivated and matured non-linguistic brain functions to the ground and ability to brew a sake shakuhachi, and to brew beautiful sake as time goes by The transmission of the name “Ishin Shinshin”, which cannot be perceived by, is simply and completely established. It makes it possible to almost definitely and faithfully communicate all dimensions of tacit knowledge, including intuition, experience, insight, and traditional knowledge, depending on the degree of refinement.

  By the way, for people whose non-verbal brain activity has been refined to this level, it is impossible to convey the essence of tacit knowledge by means of linguisticity, and it is already equivalent to stupidity under the current language system. It has reached self-evident recognition. Therefore, the stance of how to "discuss" this with people who have the ability to accept linguistic information, or who believe that they are, is extremely unpredictable. I have to be.

  Because of these circumstances, when standing on the side of a person who is proficient in tacit knowledge, after trying to communicate with `` Ishinshin '' and `` Illegal characters '' during the interpersonal relationship exploration period, the effectiveness was not recognized On the other hand, it is customary to select and maintain the retreat to the communication mode restricted to the language information area. The asymmetry of the reciprocity that arises here has to bear the seeds of various negative effects.

  A similar limitation can be seen in the genealogy of the old mansion thought that is integrated with Zen and permeates Japanese society. For example, in the 1970s and 1980s, some of the first-class engineers in recording studios have grasped the sound quality improvement effect of high frequency components that cannot be heard by humans because they exceed the upper limit of the audible range. There was no shortage, and the skill to use it effectively was also shown. In such a situation, in connection with the establishment of standards for digital recording, a number of academic papers have appeared in the field of legitimate psychoacoustics that there is no difference in sound quality even if there is a high frequency of 16 kHz or higher. It was established as an established theory in academia. What kind of reaction happened after that? Many of the leading engineers officially talked about their own beliefs about the issue. During this time, it can be said that it was not superficial to any remarks or resistance to be seen. This mysterious situation has lasted for over a decade.

  While knowing and convinced, there is no argument and no action. This can be said to be the “lessness nature” itself, the central slogan of the old mansion philosophy as a condensed philosophy of the weak, a small country built by the descendants of the conquered people in ancient China. Studio engineers reign in the ability to cook and examine sound, but as a standpoint, the ability can be a kind of “weak” who is subordinated to a cobblestone mixed client.

  As seen in this example, people who are familiar with non-verbal brain functions and who are in the self-contained pharmacy are those who are not able to communicate with “Ishin-shin” and “Irakuji”, and with a high probability that many It must be understood that these are people who are integrated with the physiology that turns into communication interruption. It can be said that it is the same at the level between civilization and culture. This reality presents tremendous difficulties for the return and return of non-verbal brain functions. Nonetheless, science and technology civilizations originating in Western Europe are straying while demonstrating all-around activity, and it is almost supreme to stop the uncontrolled runaway of language brain control that lies in the deepest part of the problem. I think we are getting closer to orders. In doing so, if there are new ideas that are expected to be effective or plans that have not yet been verified, we should try them as aggressively as possible and check their utility. Rather than one of the most important issues in environmental science of sound, this is one of the responsibilities.

  3. In accordance with the framework of sound environmental studies, the present inventors consider that a vector that is going to deviate from `` the sound promised by human genes '' is one of the important indicators that symbolize the essential limitations of modern civilization. I caught it. At the same time, we will rediscover the existence and utility of the gene and the promised sound in the brain within this civilization, and create an opportunity to overcome the limitations of this civilization through a prescription that restores them. Is envisioned.

  The first thing that must be resolved here is that the Western European civilization that lost its promised sound was constructed by purifying the linguistic information world centered on consciousness based on Cartesian dualism. In an oriental culture in the old mansion philosophy and Zen genealogy that ensures the promised sound, linguistic information is severely suppressed, and rational and logical explanations are difficult to strictly permit Is built. It would be difficult to derive an effective formulation without cross-linking between this break. However, in reality, under the Cartesian modern thought, only the linguistic information world controlled by consciousness is exclusively selected, and the concept of old mansion and Zen is exclusive only for the non-linguistic information world that has left consciousness control. Therefore, their current cultural codes do not overlap at all. In other words, it is difficult to expect more effects than before in the conventional strategy of bridging the two through devising the use of existing cultural codes.

  Therefore, it is meaningful to examine whether there is a new code system that transcends these two culture codes or whether it can be used. In this regard, there is at least one strong candidate. Although it originated in Western civilization, it is none other than “natural science” that has begun to act as the most effective criticism of Western civilization itself at its leading edge. Moreover, regardless of whether it is east, west, north or south, what modern society uses as its own material, energy, and information infrastructure is already being rebuilt under the paradigm of modern science and technology, and it cannot escape from its umbrella. There is a reality that it has reached. There is inevitably a shift to a system that accepts, shares, and uses the new culture code called the “Science and Technology Code”, and a considerable amount of time has already passed since it turned the rudder. In other words, regardless of whether it is a society with a Cartesian cultural code or an old-style Zen cultural code, it is already common to effectively incorporate and operate the science and technology code as a social system. doing. Moreover, this code is quite culturally neutral. Therefore, the present inventors considered that an attempt to recognize this science and technology code as a code system that transcends the culture code and to use it for bridging between cultural codes that are separated from each other is worthy of consideration. Particularly noteworthy for our inventor's efforts, the material machine of the brain responsible for the realities of mental activity that was excluded from the scientific approach in Cartesian dualism became a full-scale object of natural science, Science is well on the track of effectiveness. The environmental science of sound has established this paradigm with this situation as the decisive ground.

  Following that, the inventors examined the construction of an important strategy. The choice is whether to proceed with an exhaustive and exploratory approach starting from zero based on the position where the promised sound has been lost, or to proceed with a hypothesis testing approach based on the position where the promised sound is secured. It is. In this regard, the second hypothesis verification approach was selected because it was considered optimal to utilize the individual experiences of the researchers themselves. The biggest reason is that if it hits you, it promises you to swiftly swear.

  What we are currently trying to create a framework of sound environmental studies is that we first know about sound and possibly other aspects of non-language brain-specific mechanisms and functions as experiential information. One of the operational areas is to translate the state of information that has been impossible to verbalize into science and technology code. Developed a strategy to capture and describe complex multidimensional non-linguistic information by means of verbalization with modeling, making effective use of science and technology, and has already become a standard in the modern Western Europe, which is highly specialized in linguistic functions The idea is to communicate so that it can be accepted and understood even by a natural brain. Positron emission tomographic imaging showing the ME spectrum array that visualized the shakuhachi sound of the wave and the FFT spectrum depicting the existence of ultra-high frequencies beyond the audible range, and its effect on the brain (hypersonic effect) The brain image by law is just one of the small trials. These are none other than the methods developed to make experiential information externalized and converted into linguistic information, and to convey its meaning and make it digestible through rational logical procedures. For the cultural sphere people whose activity related to non-verbal brain functions for sound may have already declined, the structure of sound beyond its linguistic explicit world, its existence, its effects, etc. The concept is translated into the most neutral and reliable code system and communicated as a fact that cannot be denied through the language function that is a limited receiving circuit. In this way, we start from the point where new recognition is realized.

  Of particular note at this stage is the need to be wary that the current situation can only be seen as an irreversible loss of non-verbal activity in the self and its civilization, leading to barren despair. A prescription to prevent it must be prepared. In this regard, a model of brain function that can be expected to effectively control language brain function and activate non-language brain function will be effective. In this regard, the present inventors have developed a model of a non-language brain body and a language brain module, and two hand-created models called a sensitivity brain model composed of hierarchies, and a prefrontal operating system such as Shintaro Funabashi and Toshiyuki Sawaguchi. Using a system function model as a material, one hypothesis is prepared.

  First, the animal brain originally evolved as a non-verbal brain, and the language brain module was derived from a large ape on the way. However, the overall integration did not move the OS function module in the prefrontal area on the brain body side, and the multidimensional continuous large Acting capacitively. The language brain module accompanies it, but it has <Consciousness> as an independent local OS. Here, when the activity of the language brain module exceeds a certain level, the consciousness occupies the OS function module on the main body side and turns it into a one-dimensional discrete sequential information processing mode. Comprehensive information processing of dimensional continuity is forced to be strongly suppressed and suppressed. Moreover, once this state is entered, the tendency is irreversibly deepened, and a vicious circle is likely to occur. According to the current wisdom that the prefrontal cortex with the OS on the main body is the highest structure of the brain that has no hierarchy above it, there is nothing that can control this consciousness tyranny, There is no reason to escape from it.

  The sensibility brain model of the present inventors is effective in showing the possibility of relieving this. In this model, there is an “emotion” that raises the behavior itself at the root of the circuit of the brain that controls the behavior. On the other hand, “Rage” works as a negative feedback circuit that avoids the risk of “striking suddenly” caused by emotions that directly dominate behavior, and increases safety and batting average. In addition, it is expanded on a large scale by rationally controlling myopic objective rationality that should be compared to the linear myopic eye of reptiles, in other words, by controlling intricately by positive and negative feedback and sublimating to true goodness. In addition, there are three layers in which “Kansei” works to lead to optimization in a multidimensional continuous space-time system.

  Here, it is assumed that the organs in the brain responsible for sensitivity are a <brain stem> and a <monoaminergic neuroprojection system> set including an inner forebrain bundle that develops from there to the higher brain. It should be noted that this sensory circuit can control higher-order brains with associated functionality represented by the prefrontal cortex. Among them, dopaminergic A-10 neurons projected from the upper brainstem (middle brain) mainly to the prefrontal cortex are functions that are located in the prefrontal cortex due to their powerful positive reward action. It must have a powerful control effect on the most central operating system functions.

  Therefore, if this sensibility circuit is set to activate the non-verbal brain function, the conscious tyranny can be effectively overcome. Moreover, this is likely to be realized by systematic input of information from the environment, particularly festive information. A good example of this is the esoteric rituals of Balinese Hinduism, which lead souls from a single encounter experience to countless Western cultures.

  Furthermore, as knowledge information to be referred to, the lifestyle guided by the original genes of genuine hunter-gatherers living in the rainforest will be a great revelation. For example, the performances of the Mubuti people spread over the dense jungles in Africa tell us exactly non-verbal how humanity's brain works when it works on its natural balance. Genuine Mubuti who live in the natural hunting lifestyle of human beings in the rainforest that has nurtured the genes of great apes including human beings for tens of millions of years have always been scientists and artists. shine. The garmentless, perfect and innocent figure conveys with joy that the modern human genetic design is still one of the ultimate in earth life.

  When we know that such a revelation exists as a reality, the beginning of a new departure is rather linguistically through a sensual experience that is linguistically refined and through a carefully selected sensual experience. I believe that people with better brains must be able to open more smoothly.

<3-2> A private experience that awakens the promised sound.
<3-2-1> Meet with “sound cooks”.
Languages and non-languages, explicit and implicit, logic and intuition, reason and sensibility, etc. were born and nurtured by Western European civilizations. . Occasionally, Tsuyoshi Ohashi himself encountered the fate of being in the midst of this problem in the two worlds of music and sound environment from the 1970s to the 1980s. That experience has become the background that led to the growth and growth of the <Environment of Sound> seeds. The essence is nothing but the awakening to the “promised sound of the gene” led to the experience of contact with the implicit sound universe that cannot be transferred to the language system. Because this experience that greatly transformed Ohashi's own power is inherently individual, it is difficult to generalize it. However, it cannot be avoided. Therefore, although it was a private matter, Tsutomu Ohashi himself decided to testify about this experiential information. First of all, I will talk about encounters with “sound cooks” who went into the world of record music production and experienced.

  In 1975, when LP reached its peak, Inventor Riki Ohashi was given the opportunity to work as a musician in one central environment for commercial record production. This was a marvelous event for Tsutomu Ohashi, who had never received regular music education and had no systematic guidance. At the time, Tsuyoshi Ohashi worked in a laboratory at a national university in Japan, while conducting research on the mechanism by which a group of chemical substances <ergot alkaloids> that cause interesting reactions in the brain and nervous system of higher animals were biosynthesized. In the name of Shoji Yamashiro, he presided over an amateur performance group founded in 1974, the Geino Yamashiro Gumi, and was in a position to lead the field of expression.

  Geinosanjogumi, with the strong support of folk musicologist Fumio Koizumi, paid attention to the different music cultures of the various ethnic groups in the Japanese music world, which was in a situation where Western music was all around. We were promoting activities to practice. From the beginning of this group, the group started to see examples in the international community through the 21st century (meta-musicality) (an activity in which the same individual or group performs music belonging to different cultural spheres). It is likely that this is the world's first realization in that respect.

  The activities of Geinosanjogumi were attracted by critic Nakamura, who has a strong influence on the record industry, and he was a budding director, Yasuyuki Iwata (later universal music), who was very keen and moderately unreliable. The record was produced by Victor Music Sangyo Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Japan Victor Co., Ltd. (JVC), a representative Japanese electronic equipment manufacturer, under the control of Mr. Nakamura. It will be released. At this time, the label that belonged to Geisha Yamashiro's works that did not fit into any existing genre was set by the audience of Nakamura as a popular music genre called “Invitation” rather than art music. Thus, in the winter of 1975, the activities of the present inventors as artists began in the midst of being blessed with the world's highest level record production environment.

  Therefore, Ohashi Tsuji discovered great sound engineers called “mixers”, that is, “sound cooks”. At that time, Victor's recording technology team showed a great deal of fulfillment under the leadership of the legendary mixer Yoda Heizo, and Yoda engineers themselves were in charge of recording, while Yoda engineers themselves were in charge of being a young mixer We started with a powerful lineup with Kazuyoshi Matsushita. Yoda, which I first touched on, must have been more musical than any other musician that Ohashi Tsuji met in the past. Accumulating beautiful and pleasant sound as the “God of Sound” from the surroundings, accumulating the achievements of “Todaiji Shujikai (water removal)”, which is said to be the treasure of recorded materials, and recording the main works of Toru Takemitsu. Yoda's ability to explore and create was a transcendental and absolute impression as an experience of Tsutomu Ohashi himself.

  Interestingly, Yoda taught me that Geinosanjogumi is a particularly interesting existence from the viewpoint of recording engineers. Needless to say, it is desirable for commercial record artists to be clear about the other special feature of the product, the so-called cucumber. It can be a melody that you can listen to, a lyrical lyric, or a punchy rhythm. Under such circumstances, our music has attracted interest as a very rare example where the “sound of the sound itself” is the most important thing.

  Whether or not to accept Nakamura's proposal to create a record for Geinosanjogumi, how to handle that unprecedented (or rather insane or messy) music will lead to results However, Yoda's remark that “the sound itself has a commercial value” became the decisive factor when JVC was considered in the company. In connection with this, Yoda changed the form of the sound that appears in the front, and in terms of its expression strategy, it is highly common with Toru Takemitsu's work that Yoda has worked on and has achieved results. Point out from the standpoint of the mixer. And Ohashi was taught by Yoda that his own motivation and pleasure were linked to the modeling of the “sound object”, and that some qualities and aptitudes could be expected. (In addition, Tsuyoshi Ohashi was eventually taught by Yoda through recording techniques, and almost as his apprentice, he grew up to a practical level as a recording engineer. In that sense, he became a teacher of Tsuyoshi Ohashi. Hit.)

  Against this backdrop, the music of the present inventors has entered the production process under a great strategy of fixing it to the package in a more emphasized state if possible without compromising the unique sound taste. Therefore, since the first installment, we have consistently selected halls and studios that seem to be optimal for the production of music, and the editing environment is compatible with the editing room of other record companies competing in the market depending on the music. It was a lavish thing, like using its higher editing console.

  In such a process, the sound created by the inventors of the device and equipment built in the traditional sound culture, and the range of defenses such as technology and know-how to operate it, greatly crossed the border, and again built technology. I often encountered situations where I could rectify. For example, a group of models made by Neumann, which was considered the best at that time only with a microphone as the entrance of sound, still showed an unacceptable resolution shortage for the sound created by the present inventors. This problem was solved by introducing a series of Microphones made by Shops, which was just released at the time, and which revolutionarily improved resolution. At the editing stage, we tried to make a surreal sound experience stand out, but at that time there were still no effective effectors in the world, and there was repeated “unlawful and unreliable trial and error”.

  This series of electronic post-production steps is followed by a cutting and pressing step to replicate the “object called LP”. When this stage was reached, a situation broke out in which it became clear that our work was not manufacturable. The structure of the signal recorded on the master tape as the first album of Geinosanjo Gumi greatly exceeds the design tolerance of the cutting head, which is the center of <cutting race (a machine that cuts a groove of sound into the lacquer master board)> It was. If such a signal is sent, the machine cannot follow correctly but may destroy the head. Therefore, the cutting machine incorporates a limiter circuit to keep the signal within the reference value for safety. However, this safety circuit is incompatible with the signal made by the present inventors, and from the groove carved in the lacquer master board in that state, only the extraordinary cracks in which the essence of the original sound has dropped are reproduced. I faced a problem.

  At this time, at the JVC Shinkoyasu Factory, which was in charge of LP cutting and pressing, very young engineers such as Mitsuo Yamaguchi (25 years old) and Kohei Nakamura (20 years old) have already established their skills. He was active on the front line in an independent state. First, they found that the limiter circuit was the main cause of sound quality degradation. Next, their solution was to use straight conditions where the most expensive sound quality could be expected, although the very expensive American Westlake cutter head might burn out but remove the safety circuit from the machine and expect the best sound quality. It was a bold thing to cut a groove in the lacquer board. There is a legend that their bosses who allowed this treatment were obsessed with a tale. Thanks to their skill and good luck, this attempt was successful.

  However, when making a mother board from the lacquer master board made in this way, making a stamper from this, applying it to the final press, and making the product, the groove cut into the master disk is too big and the fluctuation shape is too complicated It was clarified that when the disk was played, the sound was far from the lacquer master. This problem was solved by using an excellent technology that was previously developed in a press factory but was not put into practical use. The reason why such a technology was preserved and did not look positive was that the structure of the acoustic signal in the master tape handled so far does not require more than the conventional press technology, existing technology and new technology Based on the fact that no difference in sound quality was introduced.

  In this way, the first stage of the Geinoyama Castle Gumi LP, “Sanzan”, which finally appeared in the market by renovating the essential points of conventional technology, not only its formal novelty, In particular, the audio taste and fun, which had never been seen before, was given a very high evaluation by audio magazines, which spread to a wide range of record journalism and expanded the distribution of the product, which was more successful than expected.

  At the same time, however, a new and troublesome problem in terms of reproduction technology occurred. That is, the intensity of the change in the groove engraved on the LP, which is the product, is considerably higher than the expected value at the time of design in the product of <cartridge> that traces the groove with a record player and converts it to an electrical signal, This caused a situation where the needle of the cartridge could not follow the severe transformation of the groove, and the sound was distorted or the needle jumped. In contrast, the reaction that the audio market at the time showed was exhilarating. This is because the cartridge manufacturer did not discriminate against and reject this out-of-standard disc, but instead gave a new indicator of whether or not this troublesome disc could be traced, and gave an answer by improving its performance.

  I think that such synergies between content creation and technological innovation of the record were accompanied by a greater or lesser extent for all Geinoyama Castle Gumi albums. During this time, the warm response received from the production site and the market environment was a happiness for the creators.

  Recording engineers and cutting engineers who have come close to each other through the opportunity of LP production are owners of amazing abilities and personalities that Ohashi has never known before, and they are masters who live in an implied dimension. It was. The encounter with these people and the collaborative work over the years that have never been short have had immeasurable effects on the personality, including Ohashi's own thoughts and actions. I believe I was able to get it. I have to dig deeper into these benefactors.

  Since they are sound engineers, it is no wonder that they have a personality that is far from literary artists, modeling artists, humanities / social science researchers, and so on. However, both the engineers and acoustics researchers involved in the development of audio equipment that should be very close, and the musicians who are likely to be in contact with each day (except for studio musicians that touch later) are almost racial. I couldn't help but be surprised to see that it was different. Looking for a group of people who share something unparalleled with this unprecedented person, in the appearance as a worker who works with a single taste of sound, it is the leading and leading of a leading restaurant that lives with a single knife. Maybe close to restaurant chef. In that sense, it may be appropriate to call it a “sound cook”.

  Regardless of age or career, the qualities of a top-notch sound engineer who is always asked to taste the sound. In fact, it should be noted that while there are very few successful students who have studied music and acoustics at university, there are many who succeed in high school or lower education. Certainly, institutional education has no track record of developing good sound engineers. Successful people, without exception, refine their skills through apprenticeship and autonomous learning. That is deeply related to the overwhelming nonverbal and implicit nature of the learning content.

  A good sound engineer does not rely on any theory or knowledge, as a good cook does not trust and rely on any explicit medium, such as a recipe. We bet everything on the sensory sensibility and hand-crafted skills that we have backed by our own polishing experience. Therefore, with the exception of peculiar exceptions, there can be no authority in the taste of sound, rather than any authority. It is also the background for the revolutionary methodology that transcends all theories. On the other hand, however, the unconsciously large number of people who make up society, that is, the potential and potential users, are drowned. What is expected is not ordinary music or acoustics specialists, but ordinary record fans, audiophiles, and candidates for “amateurs for sound”. Treat them with godliness and humility as much as they serve God. And we will dig up the tastes of those “mediocre” people with all our strength, listen to the real intentions, and try to be close to them. It often shows a brilliant contrast with the insidiousness of producers and directors who are suspected of being limited in capacity, as well as music acoustic specialists.

  In addition, these people carefully evaluate and select collaborators. Directors and artists who have received at least a social system or formality as clients in the studio will never be able to bypass the sophisticated “aptitude tests” that are performed in a very “non-invasive” manner. In order to work together on an implied dimension, it is essential that non-verbal but accurate communication be established between collaborators in a world that is incompatible with language. In addition, before that, it must be questioned whether the new collaborators have the potential to travel the implicit dimension itself, even if potentially.

  This verification is particularly sensitive to the directors and artists how sensitive or blunt they are, especially at the start of collaboration, often due to engineer mistakes, and sometimes deliberately inflicted on the sound being processed. Terrible substance such as whether they do or do not notice major damage, how they react positively or unresponsively when a masterful skill is hit, and what personality the response reflects I have a secret. However, sincere respect is given to the clients who have demonstrated their activity during these trials, and if they encounter a competent personality that surpasses themselves, they will see it, be confident, and prostrate with joy. You can also. These sound engineers, and their indispensable studio musicians, have the spirit of sipping the genie and sake and dancing with dinosaurs in order to study the taste of sound. There is a lot of unreliability along with high maneuvers.

  What was the background of this unique world where this joy and unreliability were united? In this world, the most important command is “sound that sells” above all else. As the fate of replicated information products, most of the many discs that are sent to the market endlessly disappear with the artist as the only work according to the results far from collecting funds. Only a small number of projects will win success, and revenue will be collected, including the collection of funds that were largely wasted. It is a kind of gamble mechanism that targets society, and it is also a world of “government if wins”. Therefore, there is a need to continue to create sounds that are attractive enough to allow the unspecified number of people living in the world to feel “delicious” and to spend their money.

  The product value of music content in such a fate has the greatest influence on the post-production process that starts with recording and extends to studios and factories, unless it is an artist with such a big name. It depends on. The main players are a group of sensitive engineers who process, edit, and convert sound such as <Mixing Engineer (Mixer)>, <Mastering Engineer>, <Cutting Engineer>. In fact, the attractiveness of the work differs from heaven and earth by the skill and morale of these people. In other words, they are none other than the foundation of corporate power. Therefore, the first-class studio's flower engineer is truly amazing, and their social organizational status and authority within the music industry is so high from outside. In that respect, the sound engineer in the record industry can be said to be in a similar position as a chef at a restaurant in front of a first-class restaurant.

  Here again, I must touch on another major factor that gives a deep shadow to the human nature of these people. First-class engineers are not physically sound engineers, but are experts in interpersonal relationships. The background is that the standard business form of a recording studio is a set of acoustically controlled rooms, equipment, and engineers that lends as a means to support the creation of music to a director who has an artist. It is in. In other words, this business model cannot be related to a kind of customer service. So the studio staff is in an environment where they have to work as intended for each and every client who changes daily. Inevitably, the studio staff must be business neutral in the preferences and values of the “sound” that they do, and it is the subjectivity of the individual, from the premise that the client ’s intention is assigned as the supreme order. Making it publicly or socially public will be greatly frustrated. This structure leads to a reaction that immediately turns into a “bad guy” for a domineering client who has a deficiency in social behavior and a client who lacks taste as a human being.

  Looking at the work and people of the sound cooks who are responsible for the creation of the most elaborate music content at present, all of the essence is related to the nonverbal implicit dimension. I cannot deny that. Manipulating and controlling such implicit dimensions on an equal basis with explicit dimensions is the top priority imposed on sound cooks.

  With regard to these “functions that control the implicit dimension”, Western modern civilizations have a mature, full-fledged concept and strategy for discovering their qualities, for their selection and development, and for their evaluation. We do not have a system. There is no doubt that the balance between obvious and implicit is in the degree of bias that should be called pathology, compared with the enhancement of the current system of “legitimate” academic, art and technology related to the explicit dimension. There will be no. It highlights the limits of Western civilization with highly developed science and technology.

  Tsuyoshi Ohashi has gained guidance by working closely as a colleague with a person who stands out among these tacit dimensions of the implied dimension that the current civilization cannot shed the appropriate light on, but is still in great shade. I am very lucky. As an amateur who has no support for both qualities and knowledge, I found some seeds in me standing in front of them, sprouted them, and brought them close to the artist-like thing in a turn. The chef is none other than you.

  In the midst of this, I myself was walking toward the “cook of the sound that leads to the implicit dimension”. And that brought great luck to the Ohashi force as a researcher.

<3-2-2> Discovery of “information environment”.
In the early 1980s, as the university it belonged to was reorganized and moved to the Tsukuba Science City, Tsutomu Ohashi moved to Tsukuba, and started a molecular biological study on the restoration mechanism of the global ecosystem. I was in charge of the Graduate School of Environmental Science. Then, I was awakened to a completely new view of the environment. The beginning dates back to the scenery of the Tsukuba Science City, where the whole picture emerged. This man-made city, built with the prestige of Japan as an economic powerhouse and trying to return to the front line of the international community, was being outlined as an ideal image of the modern city concept. In the wilderness, which was almost empty, a model town with the highest level in the world was developed.

  Tsukuba is a science city that is orderly, clean and reminds you of the beauty of artificial beauty. The research institute with the world's latest and highest-class facilities is provided with a rich research environment that is unprecedented for Japanese researchers. In the midst of this, researchers suddenly attacked a disaster that was probably unforeseen. It is an unusual number of suicides by researchers. The frequency of this suicide was extremely high, exceeding the average Japanese suicide rate several times. And the cause wasn't obvious, but the majority were virtually impulsive suicides of unknown cause. The same phenomenon was not seen by the indigenous people around Tsukuba, and it occurred only on the side of researchers who were blessed with an ideal environment and should have been happy in Japan.

  How to approach this pathology, which was eventually called <Tsukuba disease>, is a serious question for Tsukuba Science City, which gathered representative Japanese experts including environmental health. Was raised. However, the answer to this was not readily available, and eventually it highlighted the essential flaws in modern knowledge structures originating in Western Europe. For example, paying attention to the nature of this pathology that is inherently linked to the local environment of Tsukuba Science City, it can be said that it is regarded as an environmental problem like Minamata disease and should be solved by improving the environment. Let ’s go. However, while environmental science and technology at the time, which should be used to solve environmental problems, have prepared a perspective that captures the environment mainly in terms of material and partly in energy, the rest is virtually blank. It was close to. Therefore, we could not find a specialized field that should serve as a contact point or receptacle for Tsukuba disease, and we could not find a highly compatible solution flow.

  On the other hand, in fields such as psychology and psychiatry, the cause must be reduced to the specific circumstances and circumstances of the individual, and the way to find the cause and the key to solving the problem on the side of the macro structure of the urban environment. Couldn't open up. Furthermore, in response to problems such as Tsukuba disease that do not fall within any of the defense fields of each existing academic discipline, there is a tendency that the action of changing the field of defense from the specialized field side and adapting to the problem is unlikely to occur. Was exposed. For example, researchers who make up the population of knowledge / capability owners who should solve the problem will be virtually free from responsibility simply by saying that I am out of the field. There is a structure. In particular, when an unprecedented disaster is encountered, it has not existed in the past, so there is no corresponding field of specialization, and all researchers are at least directly out of charge for problem solving. The reality of Tsukuba disease was no exception.

  As a remark to rationalize the behavior of researchers like this, “It is not the responsibility of an expert not to solve problems that occur in areas that do not belong to any specialty such as Tsukuba disease. “It is on the side of the problem itself that occurred in a blank area outside the field of specialization.” Although this statement is indeed against humanity, it is only a frank statement of the cruelty that modern specialization exceeds the permissible limits hidden in its basic structure of monofunction and self-blocking. You can also.

  Tsukuba's disease is demanding a way of study that is essentially different from such conventional specialized studies. What is it like? Whether or not to adopt specialization is a question of ideas and customs dominant in the society or cultural sphere before it is an academic issue. Ohashi force decided to generalize the problem to such dimensions.

  At the end of the twentieth century, environmental problems already existed in material science, and when they presented rational solutions based on their knowledge, they exerted a very powerful social coercion and sometimes restrained military superpowers. It can be an international political pressure. However, the area of mental activity as seen in Tsukuba disease is treated simply as a “heart” problem, and differs greatly from the case of material science in that its social influence has significant limitations.

  The issues raised by Tsukuba disease clearly highlight the essential limitations of modern knowledge structures and academic systems. To sum up, one is “absoluteization of specialized dependence” and the other is “deviation between“ thing ”and“ heart ”. These are the negative legacy left behind by the modern-day academic system that has been built on the orthodox Western thought since René Descartes' dualism. A basic review of the structure must be accompanied by fate.

  It happened that an opportunity to develop such awareness of problems came. As one of the projects of the national project “Science Expo Tsukuba '85”, the “International Symposium EXPO'85” is held once a year from 1982 to 1985. Tsuyoshi Ohashi is one of the expert committee members and later planning committee members. Participated as. Ms. Yoichiro Murakami, who worked as the coordinator of the “Environment” subcommittee of the first symposium in March 1982, had a limit to the previous view of the environment that had captured the environment only in two dimensions: material and energy. At the beginning, the subcommittee declared that a new dimension of information should be added, and that this subcommittee should proceed with the newly proposed “information environment” as the theme. Taking the opportunity to participate in the planning and implementation of this subcommittee, Tsutomu Ohashi was led by Murakami and the psychiatrist Oda et al. It was decided that the development of a prototype as an academic of this would be integrated with verification through practice.

  The specialized academic system of modern Western civilization has been established through the separation of the material world and the spiritual world beginning with Cartesian, self-occlusion of specialized fields accelerated by Weber et al. Tsukuba disease has emerged through the gap between fields, which is a fateful weakness of such a system. For this Tsukuba disease, the response of simply developing another specialized field for that purpose would of course be effective. However, more than such symptomatic treatment, it should be prioritized to explore a new way of learning that overcomes the limitations of the Cartesian-Weber specialization system through this case. So Ohashi decided to model an academic framework that could counter Tsukuba disease in this direction.

  Tsukuba disease cannot be ruled by the two dimensions of materials and energy, which was the starting point of natural science at that time, and can only be handled in earnest and directly by using the dimension of information as a medium. It became possible. What will happen if we take the traditional approach to shaping the new approach to the “information environment” into a single academic system? It will constitute an academic system that targets only the information environment separately from others and approaches the environment exclusively from the information side. However, this approach cannot escape the category of Cartesian-Weber specialization. Therefore, Ohashi Tsuyoshi decided to construct a separate academic system in which access from information to the environment is inseparably linked to access from materials and energy, and established it as <Information Environment Studies> as follows. I decided to go. In other words, the concept of information was added to the concept of matter and energy, and information environment science was established as an academic system that was constructed based on the framework of the idea of capturing the environment as if they were organically integrated. .

  Under such circumstances, in 1983, Ohashi Riki went to the African rainforest, which is seen as the cradle of the evolution of modern humans. They visited Mubuti people in the deepest tropical rainforest <Ituri Forest> in the northeastern part of the Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire). The aim is to explore the actual conditions of forests where African apes including human beings have developed their genes, and to see the original lifestyle of humans in accordance with the gene program of the originality of the Mubuti people living there. It was in place to see.

  This trip was not as easy as it was, but the pleasantness of the environment and the beauty of life and spirit of the Mbuti people who finally succeeded in encountering the vast forest of 70,000 square kilometers It was surprising and far from expected. This experience has become the source of information environment science and the main pillar of sound environment science.

  In particular, the incredible fertility of the environmental sound of Ituri Forest and the experience of the pleasure and refreshment that it had had vaguely until then had been vaguely known as Ohashi as the common sense that environmental sound must be present It was too much to shatter the idea of power. The fact that the power of Ohashi met was close to the exact opposite of the common wisdom of environmental sound. The sound in the environment must be rich, and it must have some special structure that is fundamentally different from the artificial noise of the city. It is a natural product that is neither linguistic nor symbolic, and must be beyond perception and consciousness because it is non-verbal. And there must be <essential information> that exceeds the perception of environmental sound, just as we must include <essential nutrition> that we don't understand in our food ...

  For the power of Ohashi, who came back from Africa with various experiences and thought materials overflowing in the body, the information environment that he first contacted after returning to Tsukuba was almost creepy as long as he knew the sound of Ituri Forest. There was a lack of sound that I couldn't feel. The intense impression, together with the impression of the beautiful and dense forest landscape, immediately led to the working hypothesis that malnutrition of environmental information leads to Tsukuba disease. Then, we started an experiment to search for the supporting material from human response to the sound environment. At this time, I focused on the structure of non-verbal sound that is difficult to recognize from the experience of sound in Ituri Forest. Specifically, it first detects how humans react to high-frequency components that are likely to be removed first due to the lack of sound sources and the presence of sound-insulating objects in high-density living spaces in the city, which also exceeds the upper limit of the audible range. I tried. This step has unmistakably originated from the sadly childish psychological experimental procedure possible at that time.

  Thus, our approach to sounds outside the perceptual range has begun.

<3-2-3> I am surprised to create "Rinka Symphony".
In 1985, when the CD that appeared in 1982 was on track, Victor Music Sangyo Co., Ltd. (at that time) was experimental and marketable on the premise of collaborative work linking music and technology so far. A new Geinoyama Castle Gumi project was proposed. It has a considerable knowledge of record production and manufacturing technology, and on the other hand, the musician Shoji Yamashiro, who is also a scientist, composes music that is customized for a new electronic media <CD>, and is a performing arts mountain castle. It should be recorded by the performance of the pair. This is not only a reason to tackle in the sense that it has been said, but also because of the limitations of the recording / playback function of the media called LP, the expression of sounds that can potentially be realized must often be largely restrained. It was a very welcome proposal for the power of Ohashi as a creator.

  This project was, as always, directed by Director Yasuyuki Iwata, and the producer was Tsutomu Ohashi himself. “Victor Studio Project Team” was formed as a technical team, and Heidazo Yoda was appointed as project chief and recording director. As a chief engineer, he is already emerging in the field of popular music. Later, Toshiaki Takada, the head of a Japanese recording engineer, was directly in charge, Makoto Yamada, assistant engineer Keiichiro Yoshioka, and others. A profound system of three people is taken. As a material of the sound, we have newly composed “Rinka Symphony” which consists of four movements with choral as the whole baseline, incorporating gamelan and Jegog, Bali, Indonesia, Japanese thirty-stringed koto, drums, and statements.

  This is the first time that the Geisha Yamashiro Group has used the so-called “Studio Musician” in earnest since its creation. The performers called studio musicians can be called the most capable musicians, both technically and in sensitivity. Many of them do not appear in live performances, but almost squeeze into the studio and perform their transcendental skills. He is very skilled in acoustic technology and works closely with recording engineers. Top-class studio musicians often have godly skills. The musicians who participated in this work were the highest peak. In particular, members such as synthesizer Keiji Urata, guitarist Imago, and keyboard Namba Shoji decided to work together.

  The recording seems to be a transition period from analog to digital, and against the background of the technical environment where multi-channel digital recorders are not yet fully operational, the first, second and fourth movements are very rich multitrack analog recordings. On the other hand, only three movements were recorded using a simple two-channel PCM recorder.

  In this way, the analog master tape of “Rinka Symphony”, which was produced more carefully than ever before, was cut into LP as it was (because this album was released in 1986, CD players became popular) It was the year when the number of CDs finally exceeded 10% and the number of CDs finally caught up to LP, and it was a time when the LP market could not be ignored. In this way, LP and CD were born from the same master.

  Tsuyoshi Ohashi must remember the memory of the shock of the day when she first compared the finished LP and CD test panels. Tsuyoshi Ohashi, who has two discs, rushed to the mansion in Sabae of Makoto Takashima (a professor at Shirayuri Women's University), a junior high school friend who was active as an audio critic. At the time, he built an audio room like a fortress armored by <Goto Unit>, which was the world's most sensitive horn speaker driver at the time, along the Tama River, and based on its transcendent bass reproduction capability Probably the world's best reproduction environment. Of course, Philips' professional CD player, which had only a few in Japan, was already installed.

  Here, the LP of “Rinka Symphony” was first played. It was felt that it was clearly a groundbreaking one in the LP series that had already reached 9 pieces. Next, the CD was played in the midst of an ever-expanding expectation of how much sound would come out of the CD that advocated "dream audio" if LPs could be heard so far.

  While listening to the first <tone cluster> for a few seconds, Tsutomu Ohashi learned that blood was drawn from all over the body. In other words, it's a feeling that "Yannu kana, everything is over". And as expected, the taste of the unwelcome sound did not change the impression at the beginning. I think this kind of discomfort was probably the first time I had ever experienced my sound. However, Ohashi's interpretation of this for the time being was almost as follows. In other words, CD is a medium that differs in principle from LP, but the technology is almost unrefined in contrast to the sophisticated and mature LP manufacturing technology. Still does not exist. This may be temporarily preventing the improvement of sound quality. Therefore, the true value will come to be exhibited with the appearance of highly customized technology for CD as well as LP.

  However, after a while, Tsuyoshi Ohashi studied the effects of high-frequency components exceeding the audible range on human beings, which had begun a simple experiment in Tsukuba's laboratory, and the LP and CD tasted in this “Rinka Symphony” project. I noticed that there may be a very significant link between this phenomenon and the difference in sound quality. This is because Shoji Yamashiro, who is the inventor of the “sound chef” working in the studio, actually has ultra-high frequency components that far exceed the upper limit of the human audible range in the media called LP. It was because he knew that it was not only included at a level that could not be ignored, but also led to a strange contribution.

  Why did you know that? The distant background extends to a 4-channel surround recording / playback system using LP as a medium of <CD-4> developed by JVC. In this method, 30 kHz exceeding the audible range is used as a carrier, and a matrix signal by a frequency modulation method is recorded on the upper and lower sides with a bandwidth of plus or minus 15 kHz, and at the time of reproduction, a two-channel stereo signal recorded in the audible range is recorded. A surround signal for four channels is restored by calculation with the matrix signal. In order to realize this, it is necessary to provide excellent recording / reproducing performance up to an ultra-high frequency band of 45 kHz or higher, far exceeding the upper limit of the audible range. JVC's LP cutting system has reached ultra-high performance that seems to be abnormal from the viewpoint of general LP cutting.

  To tell the truth, we looked at such a mechanism to fossilize as a useless long product, and unreliable engineers and artists were polishing their skills unrelated to theory. Among them, Tsutomu Ohashi talked with young and bold cutting engineers when cutting his work from master tape to a lacquer master board, and with an equalizer the super high range far exceeding the upper limit of audible range 20 kHz. He used the trick of emphasizing it as a back hand. If this process is successful, the LP playback sound will shine brilliantly. Actually, the upper limit of the recording frequency of the LP which has been fully matured at this time exceeded 100 kHz, and the response of the cartridge for reproducing it was also above 100 kHz. However, this is the actual situation that the present inventors have known for the first time by actual measurement, and is hardly known to the public.

  Tsutomu Ohashi, while repeatedly listening to the “Rinne Symphony” CD, realized that the reproduced sound had a taste of dry and dry sound that reversed this trick. Considering that, the CD is made by completely cutting inaudible high frequencies above 22kHz. This is nothing but a heavenly revelation. This has led to the emergence of the significance of integrating the implicit structure of sound and the skill of the cook who controls it with the explicit logic and demonstration of natural science.

  On the other hand, from around this time, CD record was released for the first time in the world, and there was a suspicion about the sound quality of CD among Japanese record users who became the advanced market. Eventually, it develops into a diagram called “LP-CD controversy”. It began with the opinions of some consumers who have no orthodox professional career in music or audio technology. The content is that "the quality of the sound reproduced from the CD is not good compared to the LP record that I have been familiar with so far." On the other hand, there was intense objection from the experts, and the LP-CD controversy was cut.

  Opinions in support of LP were first laughed as nostalgia for the old technology that had been used for a long time. And it was expected that it would eventually disappear as a topic about the dawn of such technological innovation. However, claims and actions that appreciate and love LP did not follow the path to extinction over time, as seen in other examples. Rather, they survived and rebuilt in the 1990s, and began to show growth as high-end audio. On the other hand, at the end of the 20th century when DJs (disc jockeys) living in a disco environment unrelated to such high-quality audio competed for scratching techniques using LP records, The revival of LP is on track.

  During this time, the so-called LP-CD controversy created several hills, both of which were never weathered because they never allowed defeat, and reached the end of the 20th century. Then, in the beginning of the 21st century, CD advocates left silently in the beginning of the 21st century, including the 1999 SACD release, the 2000 discovery of the Hypersonic Effect, and the 2001 DVD audio release.

  The structure of this discussion is quite unique. From the perspective of time, there was a diagram of [the secular / traditional audiophile sensibility vs. a developed specialized theory of modern science and technology] at the beginning. And at the end, it converges on the composition of discovering the limits of professional theories that have been in the legitimate position and the emergence of new scientific and technological ideas.

  The composition of both sides was fairly distinct until near the end. LP supporters are amateur high-fidelity audio enthusiasts, excluding specialists in acoustic science and technology, so-called audio enthusiasts, and all they want is “delicious sound”. There, the stronger activation of the reward system of the brain, that is, the neural circuit of pleasure, is given priority over other circumstances such as usability, price, ownership and professional interests. On the other hand, CD supporters are ordinary people who are based on the common sense of science and technology, with a focus on legitimate specialists in acoustics and audio technology, as well as business people and critics who must defend CD for their duties. It was a wide composition.

  In other words, it can be said that the LP supporters were dominated by people with souls with superior non-verbal brain activity, and CD supporters were dominated by people with a modern spirit controlled by language brain activity. . Against this background, the LP group insists that “whatever the theory is, a good sound is a good sound and a bad sound is a bad sound”, whereas the CD group is “theoretical scientifically, the sound quality of a CD is A diagram that insists that "you can beat LP, but you can't be inferior" was drawn. Certainly, CDs are recorded in the highest technology PCM format at that time, with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz and a maximum playback frequency of 22 kHz, with more room for the upper frequency limit of 20 kHz that humans can hear as sound. Yes. In addition, as a premise to define this format, we examined the effect of restricting the high frequency range of music and band noise on human hearing through precise psychological experiments, and the presence or absence of high frequency components above 16 kHz affects the sound quality difference. Make sure not to give. Exactly, it seems that the sound quality of a CD can be better than LP but cannot be inferior.

  Dividing humans into two parts here means that `` what you can't think of '' has the same meaning as `` what you can't really do '', or `` what you can't think of '', that is, logic and `` that you can't do it '' Is the difference between and can have independent meanings.

  Despite being completely debated by CDs that are sufficiently advanced and theoretically armed, LPs often say “CDs that cannot hear the difference in sound must have limited sensitivity. " This shouldn't lead to fierce people who specialize or live in acoustic engineering or psychoacoustics, and the controversy turned into conflict and the conflict turned barren. However, as a general wisdom, LP support theory was placed in a position where it must be reluctantly treated as lacking scientific grounds, and it seemed that the superiority of CD was established.

  However, the views of the sound cooks in the recording studio, where these social conventions do not reach, were quite different. It first emerged as “bad sound” of digital signal processing devices that appeared all at once from the mid-1980s for recording and editing CDs, regardless of whether they were LP or CD. They are made in a direction that saves sampling frequency and the number of quantization bits, reflecting the emerging digital technology level of the time, and effectors that do not even reach the same 44.1 kHz sampling 16-bit quantization as CDs. And synthesizers were rampant. For engineers and musicians who cannot withstand such sounds, the sounds of synthesizers such as <Fairlight> and <Sinclavia> boasting a sampling frequency of 100 kHz will endlessly appeal, and they will try to get them without losing arrows and habits. The artist didn't waste. On the other hand, specialists in acoustic engineering and electronic engineering, even if the band is expanded to a high frequency during recording or editing, it is meaningless to cut off the components above 22 kHz before using CD and use high-grade equipment. Of course, there was often a scene of teaching something to the musicians and engineers in the field in good faith.

  For sound cooks, however, theory is not meaningless, but it cannot be given priority over self-sensibility. So that you can't be pampered with the kitchen knife and ingredients you don't like ... In short, they were able to ignore the almost perfect scientific perception. Among them, a firm view backed by the practice of Rupert Nieve, the deified giant as the designer of the mixing console, which is the center of the hardware for recording art production, later, his sense is exactly `` Prove that it was God. In such a studio environment, as far as Ohashi Tsutomu knows, perhaps more than half of the cooks, whether conscious or unconscious, had a firm grasp of the effects of super-high frequency components above the audible range. I think that.

  In Ohashi Tsuji himself, a cheerful cook of sound who lived in an implicit dimension was already growing. Because such a personality and the personality of a natural scientist aiming to verify the effectiveness of information environment science were united as living creatures, new seeds that spawn and capture sounds outside the perceived range have sprouted and grown. It was.

<3-3> Sound outside the perceptual range.
<3-3-1> A tool for hunting sounds that cannot be heard.
1. Some of the messages that come to us from the environment, like some nutrients and poisons, have a decisive effect on life that is not captured by the senses.

  The micro structure of the shakuhachi and gamelan sounds that the ME spectrum array has drawn for the first time, and its transformation, cannot be described in words with the consciousness of what it is. However, if you change the structure, for example, by changing the instrument or the performer, it will be felt as a difference in the taste of the sound. Also, if the complex fluctuations in the spectrum are made flat electronically, the sound quality will be felt differently. In other words, it cannot be denied that the present inventors feel and react as a message of a structure or transformation beyond the perception that appears in a microscopic area.

  From the model of “music takes a non-stationary information structure that changes continuously in time”, which is guided by sound environmental studies, the essential part of “information structure that changes continuously” is microscopic. It is hidden as an implicit message in the invisible area. The inventors decided to re-examine the existence and effect of this out-of-perception range message that their civilizations have ignored or forgotten.

  Here's a quick summary of how humans respond to message differences from implicit to explicit. For messages that are most implied, such as signs, the inventors may “know” without knowing the medium of information. If you have a little more impliedness and the medium comes to mind as sound or light, you will “sense” it. When it becomes clear which sense the messenger responsible for the message is talking to, the present inventors will have a fairly clear reaction of <perception> to them. Among them, when the message is explicit enough to be described in words, it becomes conscious. Of course, the difference in the degree of tacitness of perception, perception, perception, and consciousness is continuous and there is no clear break. In this, perception and consciousness overlap with the framework of <cognition>.

  Michael Polany says that "perception plays the poorest form of tacit knowledge." If this is applied to the case where music is encoded and recorded, Polany's remark is that if the sound that can be perceived is encoded faithfully, implicit information will not be missed. Supports out of the box. To be sure, coding with a staff notation that only describes structures that can be consciously linguistically symbolized is completely incomplete in this respect. On the other hand, it is a CD (compact disc) with a bit array encoded by the PCM method that has almost perfectly encoded the perceivable sound structure and made it possible to record and reproduce it with a complete system. It is none other than. This is digitally converted at a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz and a quantization bit number of 16 bits and described in a code string so as to cover the entire frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz of air vibration that can be heard as sound by humans. In other words, a CD is a medium that can be considered as a “score of a musical score” that accurately depicts all perceivable sounds. Regardless of Polany's words, these CDs must capture sound in both obvious and implicit dimensions. Regardless of the concept of tacit knowledge, modern society believed it.

  However, the LP-CD controversy caused by the practical use of CD, or the negative response that studio musicians and engineers have shown to digital audio equipment is not shit at all, unlike Polany's way of thinking, perceivable sound It is impossible to deny the possibility that there is an implied dimension that cannot be grasped even in a CD that encodes all of the above. Several events and experiences we have encountered over the sound medium of CDs call for examining the possibility of implicit structures that affect humans in air vibrations outside the perceptual domain. Isn't it? If you think of this as “the influence of high-frequency components beyond the audible range on humans”, it is in a solid and self-evident experience for Tsutomu Ohashi, a sound cook. For example, it is a sign of a prey lurking in an implicit forest, and there is no unnaturalness for the hunter that the next step is to hunt it. In the latter half of the 1980s, Ohashi Riki, along with his friends, became a “sound hunter” eager to chase and catch this invisible prey.

2. When I tried to leave for the hunting of sounds outside the perceptual range, I was locked up in front of my eyes because there were no essential tools for hunting this unknown prey.
First, there was a serious problem with microphones that convert air vibrations into electrical vibrations. It has been estimated from past knowledge that a microphone with an upper limit of the response frequency of 100 kHz or higher is required to fully capture the air vibrations generated from various events, whether they can be heard or not. . However, since the microphone should originally convert the “audible sound” into an electrical signal, even the finest microphones developed for studio recording at that time have components that exceed 20 kHz, which is the upper limit of human audible range. It was natural not to consider faithful responses. From the beginning, they cannot be considered by the inventors. However, for research purposes, there is a microphone that picks up air vibrations that humans cannot hear as sound, for example, because it is necessary to measure the destruction or explosion vibration of an object, and it was manufactured by Danish and Japanese manufacturers. However, these had other limitations. Since they are not music in mind, they are not capable of recording sounds that are sensitive to noise and sound quality. In addition, in order to bring out extreme performance, it was a substitute that could not be used safely unless restricted. In environments that tend to be hot and humid, such as tropical rainforests and Balinese gardens, for example, condensation on the diaphragm can cause sparks that can cause fatal wounds that cannot be restarted. However, because there is nothing else that can be replaced, the electronic circuit has been modified to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N ratio), to devise a method for preventing condensation, and finally in the field It was decided to make full use of this through operational skills, that is, the skills of craftsmen.

  The specifications of the next recorder, which was the next barrier, were accepted as first-class business equipment if they showed a response up to around 20 kHz, the upper limit of the audible range. All are the days of analog tape recorders. Since this performance is not a problem, a recorder made by NAGRA was modified to flatten the response up to about 40 kHz. However, many instrument sounds and environmental sounds exceeded the upper frequency limit, and the limits became clear. Among data recording recorders, recorders having response characteristics up to 60 kHz have been developed. However, when the sound is actually taken, the upper limit of the frequency is still limited. Of course, the international standard for DAT (digital audio tape) established during this period has a frequency upper limit of 24 kHz, which is not suitable for the research purpose of the present inventors. On the other hand, the present inventors have constructed a digital signal processing system of 500 kHz sampling 16-bit quantization using a D-RAM as a recording medium in response to the necessity of conducting research including signal structure analysis. I did. However, it was a large and complex device system and the recording capacity was exhausted in just 2 minutes and 12 seconds.

  It was the invention of high-speed sampling, 1-bit quantized analog-to-digital conversion method, created by signal processing genius Yoshio Yamazaki, a professor at Waseda University, that solved this extremely difficult data recording problem. The existence of this signal processing system was taught by Takeo Yamamoto, vice president of Pioneer Corporation (at that time), and by introduction, Professor Yamazaki first built a small, extremely portable system. This showed a frequency response of minus 3 dB from DC to 100 kHz, and was completed to overturn the concept of any audio signal recorder so far. The research of the present inventors was accelerated at once by a number of recorders with a beautifully beautiful tone of Professor Yamazaki, which was developed one after another from the first machine, and was able to get on track.

  The next barrier to recording is acoustic analysis. Here again, all the audio spectrum analyzers had the same problem as microphones and recorders in that 20 kHz was the limit. And, at least initially, dealing with the problem was more difficult than a microphone or recorder, and was almost disastrous. We have no idea what frequency the components of the sounds we are targeting are actually reaching. In order to determine the specifications of the entire research system, I want to analyze up to about 100 kHz. But it would have been nothing more than madness in the world of acoustic analysis in the early 1980s. Of course, there is no scale of equipment that makes it possible.

  Therefore, a search was made for FFT analysis up to 100 kHz over other possible fields other than acoustics. As a result, it was found that there is a technology that uses a laser radar in the advanced region of weather observation that has nothing to do with sound, and FFT analysis up to 100 kHz is being performed. In addition, I found out that the analysis software was installed in the main frame of the Meteorological Agency Meteorological Research Institute (at that time) located in Tsukuba Science City. So, with the help of the strangers who made an eight-handed, we were able to put the sound data of the inventors into this mainframe, possibly informally, and subject it to FFT. As a result, in the sound that the present inventors are actually touching, there are many components that extend to the ultra-high frequency range far exceeding the upper limit of the audible range. The analysis of the frequency led to the judgment that it is not safe unless it is always taken into view up to about 100 kHz. But where is such an FFT analyzer?

  This troublesome situation was highlighted by the launch of an automatic FFT analyzer capable of analyzing up to 100 kHz like the god of salvation from leading Japanese instrument manufacturer <Ono Sokki>. This equipment was introduced into the laboratory of Professor Hiroo Yamazaki (at that time) at the University of Tokyo, where I had a relationship, and the situation was greatly advanced by borrowing it from time to time. That said, the god of salvation was quite heavy as a human body weight of 80 kilograms, so even small Japanese researchers carried it by train from Tokyo to Tsukuba. I have also encountered quite a tragic situation. Over time, however, the situation improved with the appearance of smaller, higher-performance equipment.

  As the next step, a reproduction system for presenting various sounds to the subject must be constructed. In particular, if this research considers high frequency components up to 100 kHz, a very high performance speaker system for converting electrical signals up to that to air vibration and excellent amplifiers to drive it are necessary. It becomes. This task, which should be very difficult in the first place, could be overcome by procuring almost all of the individual parts from commercially available high-quality audio components. The reason for this is that the signal at 100 kHz that the peak LP carved into the groove had the implication of sound that could not be exhausted to improve the reproduction system. For this reason, components and systems that should be excessively high in terms of official technical specifications developed in the field of high-end audio bring about sound quality improvements that cannot be theoretically considered when actually used. As a result, although it may be strictly insufficient, practically, the equipment and components that can withstand the experiments of the present inventors have accumulated in the audio market. However, the speaker unit for reproducing ultra-high frequencies is too difficult to solve, and finally solved the problem by vaporizing the diamond and recrystallizing it into a dome shape.

  Rather, the biggest impact on the existing playback system was the “legitimate” circuit configuration used in the field of acoustics to investigate the state in which high-frequency components lead to sound quality differences. It splits the original electrical signal that is the sound source into two parts, one is passed through as it is, and the other is passed through a low-pass filter (an electronic circuit that cuts frequency components higher than a specified value) with certain characteristics. It is configured as follows. This makes it possible to create a signal that includes all band components and a component that excludes only the high-frequency components. And apply to statistical processing.

  The present inventors first conducted experiments on several sound sources including abundant high frequencies according to this method, and supported the fact that the presence or absence of high frequencies of 20 kHz or higher was heard at a simple level. I gave At this time, using a filter by which Ohashi Tsuyoshi himself can select the cutoff frequency arbitrarily, I tried to taste the difference in sound quality intuitively like a sound chef, cutting high frequencies over 50 kHz as well as 20 kHz and 30 kHz. But it made me feel the difference in sound quality.

  I decided to present the results of this experiment in 1984 at the most prestigious acoustics society in Japan. The lecture presentations made by graduate students attracted a lot of attention from scientific journalism, while the CDM marketers in a format that cuts components above 22 kHz, and the reluctance of those involved in PCM digital audio at the time. Naturally, I was violently bathed.

  Of course, among the orthodox auditory researchers, there were those who paid serious attention. In the discussion with such people, the legitimate circuit used all over the world and adopted here, that is, the high-cut signal that passed through the low-pass filter and the full-range signal that passed through the mere copper wire without passing through it. After that, the suspicion of the official method of comparing the playback sound that came out through the same playback system emerged.

  No matter how simple the filter circuit is made, an electronic circuit composed of a plurality of elements must be formed. In principle, it is unavoidable to have irregularities with characteristics that cannot be ignored when compared with a mere copper wire in a frequency region that should be flat, which should not be cut off. In addition, the <group delay characteristic> in which the frequency passing through the circuit becomes non-uniform due to frequency components cannot be ignored. Furthermore, in the amplifier and speaker after the filter circuit, there is a possibility that <non-linear distortion (IM distortion)> may occur due to the interaction between different frequency components passing through it, and the signal passing through the circuit It is inevitable that they are not equal due to the difference in the components of And all three can cause differences in sound quality. In other words, between signals that have passed through such a filter circuit and signals that have gone straight through a copper wire without passing through it, signals due to causes that are not related to them other than the difference in frequency components set for experimental purposes. There is no guarantee that this difference will not appear and that it will not lead to a difference in sound quality.

  In the current legitimate system with such a character, there is no problem if no sound quality difference is detected there, but if a sound quality difference is detected, the frequency difference is the problem. No one knows whether it is due to the difference in the components, the limit of the flatness of the filter, the difference in group delay, or the difference in nonlinear distortion. Perhaps in practice, these will be coordinated. It may be that Ohashi Tsuji himself felt the difference in sound quality no matter where the cut-off frequency was moved with the frequency variable filter, he was not simply listening to the difference in frequency components.

  By the way, the present inventors as sound cooks know that the quality of sound changes in the studio and audio room simply by changing the type of cable that carries the signal, and the choice is not limited. Be careful. However, it may be difficult to think that the difference in sound quality generated between a complicated filter circuit and a mere copper wire is smaller than the difference in sound quality between cables. Given this, this circuit model, which may still be legitimate, is a very unique one that can claim its effectiveness only when no sound quality difference is detected, and a criticism that it has a logical flaw. It will be difficult to deceive.

  Looking at this from the power of Ohashi, who was trained as a life scientist, the logic of this circuit configuration may be at a level that is unlikely to be approved by academics as an experimental model of modern biology. Therefore, it was examined whether a circuit model that could avoid this logical defect could be constructed. With regard to this, we received good hints from audio critics such as Saburo Egawa and Isao Shibazaki, and we were able to construct a system named “Bi-Channel Playback System” that can avoid all the previous logical defects. The essence is that the original playback electrical signal is first divided into an audible range component and a super audible range high frequency component, each of which can be turned on / off with a switch, and then both are completely independent and reproduced to air vibration. There is a place to make a circuit. Then, if both switches are turned on, a full-range sound including all components, a high-cut sound if only the audible component switch is turned on, and a low-cut sound (not audible if only the super-audible component switch is turned on) High frequency). In this circuit, all the above-mentioned logical deficiencies in the path from the sound source to the speaker of the current orthodox circuit are eliminated (however, the air vibration emitted from spatially separated speakers is eliminated) There is a possibility that an interaction will occur between them and affect the sound quality, so care must be taken in setting experimental conditions). The regeneration system that established the framework in this way continued to be strengthened and redeveloped from time to time. Development of the speaker system <Ohashi Monitor (OOHASHI MONITOR)> series, which is not only static but also dynamic as well as high-fidelity, strong and powerful, and excellent in sound quality. Authentic has developed a player that realizes the packaging of signals exceeding 100 kHz by setting special specifications using the SACD format using DVD as a medium, and integrating these to make it possible for the inventors to make almost all of their research.・ Hypersonic audio system construction and release.

  3. The next task is to build an experimental model that detects the effects of sounds outside the perceived range on humans. Around 1980, prior to the practical application of digital audio by the PCM method, a number of experiments, mainly in Japan, were conducted to evaluate to what frequency high frequency components affect sound quality. Among them, there was a large-scale experiment with a high degree of rigor using a group of subjects including studio engineers who recognized the effects of ultra-high frequency components of 20 kHz or more on a daily basis. The result of the experiment that has been recognized worldwide is that the limit that humans can detect the presence or absence of high-frequency components in music as a sound quality difference is only 14 kHz, and the presence or absence of high-frequency components above 16 kHz is human. Was not felt as a difference in sound quality. Based on the same purpose, an experiment conducted in Germany by stepping off the high-frequency range of white noise showed that the presence of high-frequency components above 10 kHz had no effect on the sound quality difference. It was. These are the basis of sampling frequency standards (32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz) in digital audio.

  These experiments, their results, and the attitudes of the specialists in the background make this keen sense for some serious studio engineers with particularly good sensations. Contrary to this, it acted as a denial. As a result, it has led to even unjust and serious cases of sadness, such as being struck by an unbelievable trouble and getting sick. Ohashi, who was in close contact with such a situation, questioned the authority of the iron wall, while knowing that the experimental data was supported by an authoritative theory and was derived from well-developed experiments. There was little hesitation in trying to verify it experimentally. Because, for the inventor of sound cook, <Yamagi Shoji>, what is “outside the perceived range” at 100 kHz, over 50 kHz, over 50 kHz, is the essence of creating a taste unique to me. So, as a nonlinguistic introspection, it is nothing but a trivial truth. At the same time, it was an experience shared by studio engineers and musicians with a certain sense of sensibility. Next, from the viewpoint of Shiro Ohashi, a scientist who lives in the same organism as this Shoji Yamashiro, if the current research method cannot detect such trivial experiential facts, it is the existence of the limitations of the research method itself. This means that you must take this into account and overcome it.

  In order to approach these issues, it is effective to create a siege net by comprehensively combining multiple methods based on another principle that is as far as possible from existing methods, and to make sure that the prey is driven. It may be difficult as a scholarly philosophy that is highly specialized and deepening monofunctionality, but it happens from the state unique to Ohashi Tsuru, where sound cooks and natural scientists merge into one individual. I thought that if it was a departure, there would be no possibility to hold it.

  In this stance, as a starting point in researching the effects of sounds outside the perceptual range on human beings, we decided to open a new perspective that is completely different from the current psychological method, and a physiological method that was almost undeveloped at that time. I paid attention to. There is nothing better than the “brain” device that accepts sound and derives its taste. Fortunately, for the first time in human history, the inventors were getting the opportunity to use various non-invasive brain function analysis techniques. Several methods open the way to drawing brain activity from different perspectives. When combined properly, it is no longer a dream to have valuable insights that could not have been imagined before.

  However, almost all of these methods were originally developed for medical purposes, and most require significant capital investment and are instrumental in providing sound and listening to the sound. There are not many things that have the property that the method itself is an obstacle. Moreover, they have the potential to give subjects negative psychological emotional bias that cannot be ignored during measurement. In other words, even though these existing methods are effective for medical purposes such as the discovery of illnesses and physiological abnormalities, the present inventors have not been able to detect out-of-perception sounds that have so far been undetectable due to their sophistication. It is difficult to use as it is for the purpose of approaching a response. At the same time, experimental places, opportunities, and frequency are significantly limited. In particular, it is necessary to consider that as many exploratory studies as possible should be performed as widely as possible, and that statistical processing must be performed frequently, at the stage of <exploratory research> that is visited when starting a new study. Therefore, we searched for the physiological index that reached this exploratory study. As a result, assuming a fundamental review of existing technology and overcoming a couple of problems, a method for capturing fluctuations on the scalp, an electroencephalogram (EEG), well known as an index of brain activity. It was concluded that it would be most promising to rebuild

  In the research history of electroencephalogram, first <spontaneous electroencephalogram> is noticed, α wave (= α rhythm: 8 to 13 Hz), β wave (13 to 30 Hz), θ wave (4 to 8 Hz), δ wave (1 to 4 Hz). Analysis for each frequency band has been performed for a long time. Since then, attention has been focused on <evoked electroencephalogram (EP)>, and recently, the application of <event related potential (ERP)>, which has been further developed, has become popular. Considering the effectiveness of these methods as a sound quality evaluation index, the suitability of the evoked potential method for detecting transient responses to single-shot stimuli is heard continuously for a long time, such as environmental sounds or music. The purpose of this study, which evaluates the harmony between the sound phenomenon and the human brain, is not high. The purpose of this research, which aims to comprehensively understand mental and physical responses to environmental information that is input continuously for a long time, is more unstable and difficult to measure and analyze. The reflected spontaneous electroencephalogram is more appropriate as an index. In particular, alpha waves, which are not only well known as indicators of peacefulness, comfort or concentration under arousal conditions, but also known to be suppressed by unpleasant sounds, are attracting attention as candidates for indicators. The Therefore, we developed a work hypothesis using the electrical activity in the α band as an index of compatibility between the brain and the information environment as follows, and proceeded with the development of a method for evaluating biological effects using brain waves.

  In the study of evoked electroencephalogram, based on the “stimulus = reflex” model, electroencephalogram activity is considered as a reflex output for a certain information input. On the other hand, the spontaneous brain wave has not been clearly modeled as an input = output relationship. However, the reality is that the idea of capturing an input-output relationship that is close to the idea of the evoked EEG is implicitly dominant. In other words, the idea is that “α waves do not occur as an initial condition but appear as a response to some information input”. This idea is to measure how the power is output to the EEG when some sound is presented, when the effect of sound is evaluated using the EEG as an index. It is drawn in the method.

  However, the silent state that is the standard in this model is that the human race or its great ancestors have evolved in a forested environment, and biologically rarely encountered through the process. Must be said to be a very unique sound environment. It can be said that it is a typical sound environment that is farthest from the “original sound environment” that nurtured human genes. Therefore, the silent state is very likely to act as a strong negative stimulus for humanity. Therefore, it was considered dangerous to be in tune with the current belief that this is standard or control.

  In the tropical rainforest, which is presumed to be the natural environment that nurtured human genes, the environmental sound is extremely rich. In other words, the sound environment standard for evaluating the compatibility between humans and sound is more appropriate for a rich sound environment with a rainforest type information structure than for silence. Therefore, with the help of the “original-adaptive model”, the α wave activity is positioned as an index of “the original state of the brain” or “stress-free state”, and is originally always generated at a considerable level. A working hypothesis was derived. In other words, in a peaceful situation where human beings have the least adaptive response and the highest level of original life activity in their original environment, stress is reduced to the minimum level, and alpha waves increase their activity most. . Stress is generated or increased in accordance with the deviation from the original, and it is considered that the advancement of adaptation is promoted and the activity of α-wave is correspondingly reduced. Thus, if the α wave is an index of <essence>, the power of the electroencephalogram α wave should be suppressed when an informational factor that causes stress due to the environment deviating from the original should appear. With this in mind, a new problem emerges whether the conventional EEG measurement method has taken measures to eliminate information environment factors that suppress the appearance of alpha waves.

  With few exceptions, EEG measurement has been performed in a medical institution that itself is prone to psychologically negative bias. In particular, the electroencephalogram is easily affected by external electromagnetic induction noise due to a weak electrical phenomenon, so there is a remnant of the era when equipment with high sensitivity and a low S / N ratio was used. It has been recommended to place the subject in a dedicated laboratory with a sufficiently threatening atmosphere, close eyes and block vision, and prohibit body movements. Even if this is not the case, the environment for the preparation and preparation of medical purposes in the laboratory does not create anxiety and fear in the minds of ordinary people. Of course, the measurement environment will have little effect on the results in order to detect abnormal electroencephalograms that are indicative of disease or to observe reflex evoked EEG responses in a very short time. However, when observing spontaneous EEG alpha waves that appear continuously reflecting comfort and psychological peace, the measurement environment that causes anxiety and stress for the subject itself has an effect on the results, and its expression Works in a suppressive manner. Therefore, it was decided to re-establish an experimental environment that could reduce this problem when the Ohashi Tsuruha workplace happened to move from Tsukuba to a national university institution in the Tokyo metropolitan area. This design and construction was promoted by Professor Masami Toyoshima, the world's best studio designer who built masterpieces such as Abbey Road Studio in the UK and Victor Aoyama Studio in Japan.

  Above all, the emphasis was placed on the structure and function in which subjects did not suffer much psychological stress. For example, while a normal acoustic laboratory gives priority to generating sound, a completely shielded state is created visually. In this laboratory, a large double-glazed window with sound insulation is taken outdoors. , Ensured natural light and a visual image of the outside world. The interior was finished with a natural-oriented design based on wood, and environmental paintings and ornamental plants depicting nature were placed throughout the room. Furthermore, while keeping all experimental equipment other than the speakers out of the field of view, the cables were placed in the pit, and efforts were made to reduce the degree of visual association that made the experiment aware. In addition, in order to simulate as many different acoustic spaces as possible, and to preserve the beauty and naturalness of the sound, we have developed a new method that controls the acoustic characteristics by changing the wall material of the room. The wall was composed of a rotating triangular prism, and its three surfaces were covered with three different materials with different acoustic characteristics: high-density marble, cherrywood, sound-absorbing material + jersey cloth. By rotating this triangular prism one by one, it became possible to create a wide variety of sound spaces with beautiful sound while ensuring a natural room design.

  The method of deriving brain waves from the subjects was also reviewed. The annoying and uncomfortable procedure itself commonly found in hospital laboratories, etc., results in more negative emotional movements, negating the positive effects of music. Therefore, we constructed a system that can transmit wirelessly by FM multiplex transmission from a small transmitter that puts on a cap with electrodes already attached and puts multi-channel EEG data in the subject's pocket. As a result, the electrodes can be set quickly, and the subject can take measurements while acting freely without being constrained by the cable.

  The last thing that comes to mind in experiments using brain waves is that it is extremely difficult to improve the stability and reliability of data. The electroencephalograph picks up all the fluctuations of the electric potential on the scalp at the microvolt level as an electroencephalogram. However, there is always the possibility that a strong electric potential will be mixed with the difference that occurs when the muscles move. Also, random noise may be mixed in the fluctuation component of 8 Hz to 13 Hz, which is measured by the instrument as all α waves. In addition, an unexplained potential fluctuation may occur locally on the scalp, which may be in an abnormal state. An EEG that normally checks all of these possibilities that are not often considered and passes a qualification examination would not be a particularly sensitive indicator of a reaction to sounds outside the perceptual range.

  In order to be rigorous in this respect and to improve reliability, data analysis was conducted with multiple strict barriers that are not usually done so strictly. First, data is collected in multiple channels, and the <time wave type> is monitored to check whether it is contaminated with noise. Next, the potential data for each electrode is subjected to FFT to check whether a peak independent from the noise component is formed for each frequency point of interest. Further, based on the FFT of the data of all channels per unit time, an electroencephalogram equipotential map (Brain Electrical Activity Map = BEAM) of the entire scalp is drawn to confirm whether the potential distribution on the scalp is abnormal. If there is no problem with all of these, the time integral value of the α wave power from a specific region on the scalp is calculated based on the BEAM, and the quantified data of the α wave power is obtained. After normalizing this to offset individual differences, data from a considerable number of subjects is subjected to statistical analysis. By such treatment, the electroencephalogram data has dramatically improved stability and reliability. This, combined with the high temporal resolution at which the brain waves show the most remarkable power, has played a decisive role leading to the success of our research.

  EEG exploratory research has led to very valuable discoveries about the unique temporal characteristics of physiological responses induced by high frequencies outside the perceptual range. However, while the electroencephalogram is excellent in time resolution, spatial resolution is extremely low. However, brain function research lacks decisiveness unless it locates the spatial function at the organ level in the brain, and must be reluctant to find out what is lacking. The method that can most appropriately do this at present is the apex with fMRI and PET. Among them, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), however, generates a strong magnetic force in an impulse manner, so that the scanner itself that the subject enters vibrates like a huge speaker, and the noise that makes the ears full. Is not suitable for sound research. Positron emission tomography (PET) does not involve much noise and is therefore highly suitable for sound experiments. However, since this uses a radioisotope, the same subject cannot be asked to participate in the experiment repeatedly within a short period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to carry things for several years according to a well-developed experimental plan.

  This experiment of the present inventors is unprecedented and has many problems inherent to it. In such an operation plan, starting from the general method, the effectiveness was relatively smooth in psychological / behavioral experiments and analysis of physiologically active substances in the bloodstream. Nonetheless, they are based on the premise of unique findings centered on the temporal asymmetry of the response obtained from physiological experiments that were very painful. Looking at themselves, each of the original methods has a huge gap.

  In this way, the hunting of sounds outside the perceptual range of the present inventors does not trace from a single specialized field in one direction, but creates a siege network by combining means and strategies from various fields. , Was promoted under the strategy of driving the prey.

  4). Finally, as a decisive issue, we must touch on the preparation of an acupuncture sound source that creates aerial vibrations that contain powerful ultra-high-frequency power, which is a shock that knocks out the implicit sensitivity of humans. This is a structure similar to that of nuclear physics, which determines how much the accelerator accelerates the beam of elementary particles and ions and how much energy can be injected when the particles collide. is there. Moreover, we must pay careful attention to the important code system of nature and culture that dominates human life.

  In order to satisfy these conditions, we focus on the sound source that has composed music with a historical track record of affinity with humankind from a cultural area with a high degree of nature and tradition. We searched and collected materials on a global scale for more than 20 years (about 50 titles were recorded in the “JVC World Sounds”, one of the international collection CDs of folk music. Commercially available).

  From a considerable number of material searches for dozens of music cultural spheres, we were able to select a perfect piece of music for the purpose of our experiments. It is a form of gamelan music in Bali, “Gambang Kuta”, a song played by <Gamelan Smalp Gringan>. The song has an ideal length for our experiments of about 200 seconds in total length, and there is also a mysterious structure that never gets tired of listening to it repeatedly in a natural flow. And while Balinese gamelan music is mild, it is full of tremendous ultra-high frequency components that are unparalleled throughout the entire song. The average power spectrum of all the songs seen by FFT reaches 50 kHz (FIG. 33). The meaning of this average value can be seen from the fact that when the same song is played on a piano, it only reaches around 10 kHz. Further, when the structure in the micro time domain is viewed with the ME spectrum array, the upper limit of the frequency frequently exceeds 100 kHz, and the complex analog structure as a whole continues to undergo severe transformation (FIG. 34).

  This unsteady fluctuation structure was found to be indispensable as a sound source used in the present inventors' research in subsequent studies. This is because if this super-high-frequency component is replaced with a steady-state band noise that does not fluctuate with the same average power spectrum or is changed to a periodic sine wave, the effect is lost or a negative effect is induced. is there.

  When this song was recorded locally in Bali, transported to Japan, and deployed in an experimental environment that had been prepared as closely as possible, a breakthrough that was initially considered impossible was begun.

<3-3-2> Discovery of the first essential information <Hypersonic Effect>.
The first but decisive prey of hunting to track the effects of ultra-high-frequency sound outside the perceptual range was obtained from physiological experiments using brain wave alpha (alpha) rhythm as an index. The data was derived from the point of view of the transition of brain activity, which is good at electroencephalogram measurement, with a high degree of time resolution in an experiment to listen to gamelan music in Bali. When switching between a full-range sound rich in ultra-high frequencies outside the perception range filled with non-stationary fluctuations of gamelan and a high-cut sound (Fig. 35 and Fig. 36) excluding only the super-high frequency component above 26kHz, The value obtained by integrating the electroencephalogram α wave power for all subjects appeared larger in the full range sound and smaller in the high cut sound. In this experiment, the changes in α-wave power followed by individual subjects were closely observed in steps of 20 seconds, and there was often a tendency as if the timing of switching the presentation sound and the increase / decrease in the activity of α-waves were shifted. . Therefore, the average α wave power of 11 subjects in this experiment (processing to offset individual differences) was averaged per unit time, and were listed along the time axis. A course that would have never existed. It was truly surprising and at the same time brought decisive luck to our work.

  First of all, the fact that α-wave activity is remarkably enhanced by full-range sounds including super-high frequencies, but it takes several seconds to a few dozen seconds to reach a high level. (FIG. 37 to FIG. 42: Physiological, psychological and behavioral responses of hypersonic sound by hypersonic effects including super-high frequencies). Later, as a result of detailed analysis of the electroencephalogram using the ME spectrum array method, the activity of the α wave once declines immediately after the arrival of the presentation sound, and then goes on to a high value with a delay of about 7 seconds on average. It was found. Next, when the α wave reaches a high value and then shifts to a high-cut sound by removing only high-frequency components, the average value of the power of the α wave remains high for about 100 seconds and then decreases rapidly. It was found that it settled to <low level>. Therefore, the value for 100 seconds after starting to present the sound to minimize the influence of such delay and residual of the electroencephalogram activity fluctuation is excluded from the calculation target, and statistical processing is performed only for the stable value thereafter. As a result, it was found that the power of α waves is higher when listening to a full-range sound than when listening to a high-cut sound at a level where significance is recognized (p <0.05).

  This experiment shows that a sound containing a super-high frequency component that cannot be heard as a sound by humans exceeding the upper limit of the audible range increases the activity of the electroencephalogram α wave more than the sound excluding the super-high frequency component, that is, affects the human brain. The fact is clearly shown only after being supported by statistically significant differences. Needless to say, its significance cannot be measured. The big prey that is inferior to that appears after a few seconds to several tens of seconds after the sound that stimulates the change in brain activity, which is the enhancement of the α-wave power, thus induced, and 60 to 100 after the stimulation is over. It is a fact that we never expected to remain for a second. When I discovered this fact, I realized that an undeveloped dimension that connects sounds and people that no one had ever anticipated had suddenly appeared in front of the inventors, and I can forbid joy and excitement. There wasn't.

  This phenomenon does not relax the foundation of auditory physiology and psychology. This is because the human auditory system has a much sharper time resolution than the visual system, and information can reach from the cochlear nerve at the entrance to the primary auditory cortex in about 9 milliseconds. Here, the phenomenon in which the activity of the electroencephalogram α wave changes with a delay or a residual on a scale of several seconds to 100 seconds due to the difference in sound found by the present inventors for the first time is general knowledge and theory about the auditory nervous system. So I can't give you a clue to explain. The discovery of this delayed residual phenomenon will later lead to revealing the pitfalls lurking in the existing psychological experiment methods that boast the authority of iron walls.

  As a next step, brain function analysis experiments with enhanced spatial resolution are expected to be effective, assuming the discovery of delays and residuals in alpha wave activity changes that have been highly successful as exploratory experiments. It was. This experiment was performed in parallel with the electroencephalogram analysis using PET (Positron Emission Tomography), which also led to an unimaginable result that almost completely exceeded the defense range of auditory physiology.

  PET uses tomographic images of blood flow (local cerebral blood flow) in each part of the brain using radioisotopes. By utilizing the property that the activity of nerve cells and the cerebral blood flow at the site are parallel, it is possible to examine the degree of nerve activity in the entire brain with high spatial resolution. However, since radioisotopes with a very short half-life must be produced in-situ and immediately administered to the subject, large-scale facilities, including cyclotrons that produce such nuclides, as well as numerous knowledge and techniques Requires staff. Therefore, we collaborated with a group of Prof. Hiroshi Shibasaki from Kyoto University's Department of Brain Pathophysiology (at that time) and Yoshiharu Yonekura of Fukui Medical University High Energy Medical Research Center. At this time, brain waves were also measured in parallel. In addition, with the same idea as the experiment conducted using the electroencephalogram as an index, the environment of the PET measurement room was made as comfortable as possible.

The structure of the experiment site consists of a specialist in nuclear physics experiments that operates a cyclotron, a specialist in synthetic chemistry that produces administration chemicals (in this case H ₂ ¹⁵ O) from the obtained nuclide (in this case ¹⁵ O), Experts who operate PET scanners, doctors and experimenters who are responsible for responding to subjects including isotope administration, doctors and experimenters who monitor the progress of experiments and set and control conditions, data collection and real-time analysis Physicians and experimenters who are involved in multiple sections participate in some sections and form a single unit called the [PET Scan Unit]. On the other hand, the [Sound presentation and EEG measurement unit] that corresponds to sending out the presentation sound, monitoring the playback state, setting up the EEG measurement system, monitoring and collecting EEG data, and managing linkage with the PET scan, etc. has been added. As a result, a fairly complex system was built.

  A major burden alongside the system is securing the subjects. The total amount of radioactivity administered per subject per year must be kept within a level that is not significantly different from the total amount of radiation that is exposed to small amounts from nature in order to ensure safety. Since this restriction severely limits the number of experiments, it is extremely difficult to follow a procedure in which a considerable number of experiments are performed using the same subject group and subjected to statistical processing. The inventors of the present invention have been able to organize a group of subjects whose population is composed of 12 healthy individuals, and have secured it over a period of three years to collect data that enables statistical processing.

  The sound source used in this experiment was the gamelan music “Ganbang Kuta” in Bali, which is our standard, and it was divided into an inaudible component with an inaudible frequency of 22 kHz or higher and an inaudible frequency. So, we investigated how the brain reacts to four sound conditions: the sound of both of them coexisting, the sound of only audible components, the sound of inaudible ultra-high frequencies, and the background noise without sound.

  This experiment showed that cerebral blood flow in various parts of the brain changes and brain activity changes in response to differences in the sounds presented. As a reaction that was almost the same as expected from that time, when the music was audible (when a sound with both high frequency components and audible sounds coexisted and when an audible sound was presented), the high frequency components that the music could not be heard The temporal lobe where the auditory nervous system gathers was activated when presented alone and compared to background noise conditions.

  Next, when looking for the part of the brain where the difference in activity occurs when listening to sounds containing super-high frequencies and listening to sounds excluding super-high frequencies, in the two deepest regions of the brain, Statistically significant activity differences were found. The parts belong to <Brain stem> and <Left thalamus>, respectively. However, those parts do not coincide with <Shock Hill> or <Inner Knee> which are relay points of the auditory nervous system. In other words, in the area belonging to the auditory system, there is no change in neural activity depending on the presence or absence of super-high frequency components, and the neural circuit that showed a specific response to sounds containing super-high frequencies in the brainstem and thalamus Different from the auditory system. This increase in activity appearing in the brainstem and thalamus has the effect of containing super-high frequency components in the gamelan sound.

  However, in the experiment in which only the super-high frequency component that caused the increase in activity is presented alone, the activation of the brain stem and thalamus observed when it is presented with audible sound is not recognized at all. Therefore, the unique effect appears only when the music component in the audible range and the super-high frequency component outside the perceptual range coexist. A closer look shows that both the brainstem and thalamus are more active when presenting sounds that contain ultra-high frequencies than when there is no background noise without music. When the super-high frequency was removed, the activity of these parts was lower than in the background noise without music.

  Furthermore, analysis of enormous blood flow data recorded from the whole brain using principal component analysis, and extracting the whole picture of the neural circuit that works together while being related to each other according to the difference in the presented sound Tried. As a result, the neural circuit including the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe was first extracted as expected, as the first main component showing the greatest change in activity. The second major component that shows the next biggest change is the neural network that extends to the anterior cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex via the frontal lobe orbit, centering on the brain stem and the thalamus / hypothalamus, that is, the basal crest network A remarkable finding that the front part of the leaf wedge was extracted was obtained (FIG. 38). The former is a classical auditory system neural circuit, the latter is an emotional neural circuit that projects to the limbic system and the cerebral cortex based on the deep part of the brain. At the same time, it corresponds well to the <Life Brain>, which supervises biological control.

  Such an effect that leads to a sound containing abundant super-high frequency components exceeding the upper limit of the audible range, however, does not appear with the super-high frequency components alone. In addition, only the audible range component suppresses the neural activity in those areas. Thus, the measurement of local cerebral blood flow by PET has brought insights full of connotations that are more than expected.

  The auditory cortex activated when music is presented is classically well-known as part of the auditory system responsible for information processing of sound. In our experiments, this part had the same increase in nerve activity when there was an audible component, that is, even if it was listening to music, whether or not there was an ultra-high frequency component. . On the other hand, in the region included in the brain trunk where the nerve activity is activated only when the music contains the super-high frequency component, the nerve activity is rather lowered when only the music excluding the super-high frequency component is included. In other words, these areas worked differently from the classical auditory system.

  The upper brainstem (middle brain), which has been found to be activated by sounds including super-high frequencies, is widely referred to as the “reward system” such as monoaminergic neuroprojection system and opioid-acting nervous system. The nerve cell population that becomes the base of the neural network related to “reaction” is concentrated. In addition to being closely related to the development of pleasure, they play an important role in the development and regulation of emotional reactions in general. Mental-modifying chemicals such as narcotics and stimulants exert their effects on the monoaminergic and opioid-acting nervous systems, and the brain stem is one of the central sites where they work It is also known. Looking at the brain backbone network extracted here as a reward system, the midbrain, the most basic physiological emotional seat including food and sex, the anterior cingulate gyrus, the seat of positive emotions such as love and joy, It is noted that the most advanced beauty and inspirational seats, the prefrontal cortex, are activated in association with each other and show exquisite proportions.

  The thalamus is an important relay base for various information transmissions that connect the inside and the outside of the brain, as well as almost all sensory information is processed through here. It is also an element of the cerebral limbic system and influenced by mentally changing chemicals such as cocaine.

  The hypothalamus is the highest center of the autonomic nervous system, and also directly controls the pituitary gland that controls the endocrine system and maintains homeostasis in the body environment in close cooperation with the immune system It is a place of coping activity. At the same time, there are various behavioral centers that are essential for survival, such as eating, drinking water, body temperature, sleep, and sexual behavior.

  In this way, sound that includes inaudible ultra-high frequencies activates neural activity in the brain trunk region including the brainstem, thalamus, and hypothalamus. At the same time, it strongly suggests the possibility of being deeply involved in the activity of the nervous system of the brain, which is the basis of life activity itself.

  The brain core network activation phenomenon discovered by the present inventors and reported in 2000 and 2003 was the result of the brain accepting music together with a “feeling like” response in 2001 by Zatore et al. It shows a very high level of commonality with what was reported as a mechanism.

  2. In our PET experiment, we simultaneously measure brain waves in parallel and increase the reliability by crossing two indicators of cerebral blood flow with high spatial resolution and brain potential with high temporal resolution. The aim was to bring up a potential response mechanism involving sound. Looking at the electroencephalogram data itself, the α-wave power was remarkably enhanced only when listening to music containing ultra-high frequency components even under PET measurement conditions. And under all other conditions, ie “music excluding ultra-high frequencies”, “only inaudible ultra-high frequency components”, or “background noise that does not present sound”, α-wave enhancement is not observed, and the previous books Results were obtained in support of the inventors' findings.

  In addition, we searched for a site where <local cerebral blood flow> and <brainband power by band> correlate, and we found a very valuable fact here. First, when a region in which cerebral blood flow was correlated with the power of the electroencephalogram α wave was examined, a significant positive correlation was found in the left thalamus. As the blood flow in this region increases, the power of the α wave increases proportionally. Moreover, this relationship has always existed regardless of the presence or absence of music. This suggests that the thalamus is always involved in the generation and regulation of alpha waves, and that the activity of alpha waves can be a good indicator to reflect thalamic activity with high correlation. . Moreover, this region almost completely overlaps with the region of the thalamus in which cerebral blood flow has increased due to sounds including super-high frequencies. Furthermore, it became clear that the fluctuation of the second principal component depicted by the principal component analysis of the cerebral blood flow data is parallel to the power of the α wave (FIG. 39).

  As a result, it is possible to estimate a mechanism in which α waves increase when listening to sounds including super-high frequencies. First, there is a general relationship that when the blood flow volume increases or decreases corresponding to the activity state of the brain trunk network centering on the thalamus, the α wave power increases or decreases to reflect it faithfully. On the other hand, there is a specific relationship that listening to sounds containing ultra-high frequencies increases blood flow in the brain trunk including the thalamus. This general relationship and a specific relationship are combined, and the brain trunk network is activated by sound including super-high frequencies, which is considered to be reflected in the enhancement of the electroencephalogram α-wave. This means that the activity of the electroencephalogram α wave can be used as an index that reflects the activity of the brain backbone network in experiments that use not only sound-air vibration input but also more diverse sensory inputs such as vision. Become.

  The present inventors have discovered these physiological responses in which sound including high frequencies exceeding the audible range filled with unsteady fluctuations enhances the α-wave power of brain waves and activates the brain trunk including the brain stem and thalamus. Together with the psychological reaction discovered in parallel with this, it was named <Hypersonic Effect>, and the sound that led to this effect was named <Hypersonic Sound>, and a detailed report of this research in 2000 In June, he published on the Journal of Neurophysiology, a journal of the American Physiological Society. As of May 2003, when the book was outlined, this paper was ranked in the top 50 most frequently read among all the articles in the same magazine, including the latest issue. And continues to attract extremely unusual interest. And since around 2002, research groups other than the present inventors have begun to detect various expression states of the hypersonic effect for natural environment sounds and instrument sounds.

  Subsequently, the present inventors obtained very interesting and useful knowledge from the study of listening to music, the activity of the electroencephalogram β wave, and the relationship with the cerebral blood flow, and reported this. . First, when there is music, the power of the electroencephalogram β wave is statistically significantly increased compared to when there is no music. As it is said that β waves increase with various cognitive activities, it is possible that some cognitive activities are activated in the brain by music.

  In addition, when examining the area where cerebral blood flow and EEG β-wave average potential correlate, multiple areas where cerebral blood flow and β-wave correlate are present regardless of whether or not there is music. , <Stripes> etc. In addition, a region that was specifically correlated only when there was music was found in the front of the parietal lobe. This means that there is a neural circuit in the brain where the mode of activity is changed by the input of music or perhaps non-stationary sound information that continuously changes, including the natural environmental sounds of forests and villages. Under the condition of recognizing the existence of such music, this suggests that the information processing mode of the brain has changed to a unique and specific state, and its significance is not small.

  As an area of an important means for estimating the activity state of the brain, there is a method of examining the presence state of a physiologically active substance in a body fluid that reflects nerve activity. Substances of interest include a group of neurotransmitters and their metabolism-related substances, a group of endocrine-related substances (hormones) that reflect the output of brain activity, and immune activity may be an excellent indicator. Such indicators that directly reflect the interrelationship between the mind and the body are directly linked to the real problems related to the elucidation of the relationship between the collapse of the urban information environment and the pathology of the city, and the regeneration of the city. I can't do it.

  The approach in this direction is a future problem area for the present inventors. However, the present inventors have already advanced exploratory research and have begun to acquire important knowledge. Let me give you an example. We compared the endocrine activity and immune activity after listening to the gamelan music “Gamban Kuta” including ultra-high frequency repeatedly for 40 minutes and when listening to the same high-cut music. As a result, NK cell activity, which is the main force of resistance against cancer cells, is statistically significantly increased when hypersonic sounds contain super-high frequencies compared to high-cut audible sounds. Knowledge has been obtained. In addition, both the immunoglobulin A contained in the saliva, which shows the strength of the biological defense activity and the high degree of comfort, and the chromogranin A, which shows the strength of the mental stress coping activity, are statistically significantly increased and serve as a stress index. The blood concentration of adrenaline is decreasing, confirming that the positive effects of ultrahigh frequency are spreading throughout the body (FIG. 42).

  3. The hypersonic effect physiologically activates the brain core, leads the present indulgence of the present inventors to a healthy state, and sensuously wraps a person in a reaction of pleasure and beauty. This hypersonic effect, which can be said to be a healthy and comfortable living spirit, should continue to occur in the sound environment of rainforests and traditional festival spaces.

  It was the sound of Balinese gamelan music that played a decisive role in the discovery of the hypersonic effect by its intense brain-stimulating effect. The gamelan, a bronze percussion ensemble with scales distributed throughout the Sunda Islands, dates back to the ancient Donson civilization. It is presumed that orchestration was developed earlier than orchestra in Western Europe, and it has reached the present age with high development mainly in Java and Bali. As described above, the present inventors selected the instrumental music “Ganbang Kuta”, which is played in the ensemble form of “Smarup Gringan” transmitted to Bali, from among this enormous gamelan music.

  As of the beginning of the 21st century, approximately 15 kinds of gamelan forms are handed down in Bali. At the heart of this is the rich remnants of the gamelan, Gong Gude, which were handed down by Hindu civilizations from the courts of Central Java, such as Yogyakarta and Solo, and environmental music that embraces the Royal Palace in Bali. <Gumlan Smalp Gringan>, characterized by its gorgeous and lustrous sound, developed as ancillary music for dances, was developed at the beginning of the 20th century, and instantly revered the whole island as a sound source for the festival space of the rural community. <Gamelan, Gon, Kubyar> is out.

  Among them, Smarup Glingan is a form of court music that plays an important role in wrapping the slumber of the kings in a relaxed and peaceful manner with its graceful tone, and is also an instrument set name for playing it. This type of musical instrument is required to have a soft and timbre with a moderate sound volume. In order to create that sound, we are willing to melt a lot of precious metals into the metal that will be the material of the instrument and cast it carefully. And a set that has been successfully recognized by people, especially with a sweet and elegant sound, will spread its fame throughout Bali.

  The inventors measured the spectrum of various gamelan reverberations on site, and the more prestigious sets of inscriptions, the richer the ultra-high frequency components that exceed the upper limit of the audible range are included. I was just amazed to see the trend of no. The sound produced by several sets at the top of the set echoes sweetly and pleasingly in the ear, while its spectrum spreads to a very high frequency region exceeding 100 kHz with a strong power (see FIG. 33 and FIG. 34). It has also been clarified from the non-invasive brain function measurement experiment by the present inventors that the reverberation has the effect of enhancing the activity of the brain trunk and healing the mind and body (FIGS. 37 to 42).

  In other words, the Balinese people who grew up the gamelan / smalpgringan are equipped with ultra-wideband automatic FFT analyzers and brain function measurement devices as if they were equipped with ultra-high-frequency air vibrations that spread outside the perception range in the gamelan sound. It has been revealed by advanced science and technology that it has made use of the effects of reading, skillfully utilizing the effects, and utilizing the experience in the casting of new and superior instruments. The present inventors were greatly shocked by the traditional knowledge that nurtures the Balinese gamelan, which is no less than that of Japanese shakuhachi, and could not forgive respect for this sound culture.

  Balinese people's traditional sensitivity to out-of-perception ultra-high-frequency sound has brought Shakuhachi as a cultural code that captures the implicit and implicit sounds of complex dimensions, enormous density, and rapid transformation. I think it would be a good pair with the Japanese sound culture. The Balinese people not only make this super-high frequency component sound pleasant and beautiful, but also keep the body and body (actually the brain) inactive, especially by continuing to experience its super-daily stress. He has long known that he has been transformed into a daily mode and led to a <transformer state> with a change of consciousness. Based on this knowledge, Balinese people developed a procedure to systematically induce collective trance in the unspecified number of people who make up the community, and pass it on as a cultural code. The ceremonial time and space flies to euphoria.

  The biggest threat to the Balinese society, where paddy farming is carried out by filling up the slopes of volcanic islands with beautiful rice terraces and turning the water with sophisticated irrigation techniques, is nothing other than the water struggle caused by Nada Usui. . Therefore, the establishment of the superiority of the entire water system with restraint of selfishness is valued above all. It is gradually revealed that the “gods and festivals” in Bali have a mechanism to neutralize the constant conflict pressure that arises from this social structure, and to reduce the stress to reveal the “paradise on earth”. It's getting on. Only in the presence of ecstasy, trance and catharsis that lead to the pleasure of a powerful festival that is far from everyday life, Bali's rural community will realize the gathering of rocks. The festival construction is none other than Bali's biggest survival strategy. Behind the “multiple collectivism” that shocked the cultural anthropologist Clifford Gears and led to the concept of “theatre state”, there is no doubt in the eyes of Gears It must not be overlooked that there was another crustal structure deeply involved in the water system control and festivals that could not be captured. It induces miraculous collectivism through the existence of values that are sharply opposed to individualism in Western Europe, which is the “ecosystem predominance of individuals” that penetrates Bali's cosmology, and exquisite control of brain function. It is a mechanism of pleasure called ecstasy and trance.

  Since ancient times in Bali, as if applying the most advanced brain science, sounds including intense ultra-high frequencies were used as a key to release pleasure and transformer, and nurture an ecological social system that transcends individuality. We cannot be surprised by the fact that it has contributed to the stabilization and improvement of comfort. A typical example is the Odaran of Phra Dharam (Temple of the Dead), which is always erected in a self-supporting village in Bali (every year of Bali's unique religious calendar, the 210-day round) It is seen in a dramatic ritual called <Charonaran> that is executed on the anniversary of the founding of the temple. This ritual starts as a classic drama, but in the middle, unspecified actors and spectators enter into a state of consciousness transformation, and often end up in a chaotic trap while generating intense trances that often faint. Have. It is none other than the souls that fly in unison with gods, ecosystems, and communities.

  In order to guide this physiological and psychological state, gamelan and <Tectane (a musical instrument that slams a large bamboo tube with a slit into it with a hardwood bee and its performance)> Is used as an essential factor. Tectecan is a drama underscore music, where dozens of shirtless men are gathered together with one sounding body and sit on the ground, and each sound combination continues to beat intensely to make up 16 beats However, these instrument players are exposed to extremely high frequencies from close distances to each other (FIG. 43), and a considerable number fall into a tremendous transformer state.

  The present inventors tried an experiment to track the physiological state of these performers from the start of the ritual to the end of the ritual using the electroencephalogram (wireless measurement by telemetry) and the concentration of the neuroactive substance in the blood as an index for more than ten years. Has probably succeeded in doing this for the first time in the world. From this series of experiments, it was found that Charonaran performers shift brain activity through this performance into a mode of pleasure that is very different from normal. The level of performance of performers who fall into the trance state is remarkably remarkable, and the transition to patterns that are not possible in daily life is indicated on the indicators such as EEG α wave, θ wave, and neuroactive substances β endorphin, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Find with statistical significance (Figures 44 and 45).

  Bali's transformer has a chain-reactive propagation structure. The accumulation of acupuncture from various festival entertainment information sets the critical condition for entering the trance state inside the brain, and the reaction starts to progress at once with a trigger acupuncture. The first trigger is a change in the situation of “one person is in a trance”. With this as a trigger, people begin to fly one after another and reach a group trance. In Bali, this kind of chain reactivity can be seen as a pattern of collective trance that is common to several performances, including ceremonial charonaran. Among them, there is a specific case in which the “lion head” pendulum, which is the forefoot of a large-sized lion masked performer called “Baron”, becomes a transformer ignition device.

  In the first place, the fact that masked performers are easy to transpose is a common phenomenon in Asia and Africa. The factors include visual field and breathing restrictions, intense movements, exposure to ultra-high frequency sound, etc., which are particularly noted to have a direct effect on physiological levels. In terms of the presence or absence of trance-inducing factors in various masked performing arts in the world, Bali's Baron can be listed as one of the most collected factors.

  It can be seen that the Balinese people have empirically studied the mechanism of the transformer and have positioned Baron's shaker as a transformer ignition device. Looking at the details, we can see the existence of traditional knowledge that has sought to strengthen the ignition power by concentrating all transformer-induced inputs to this performer, and to make it the most effective way to induce collective trance. come.

  Among them, I would like to point out Baron's bell as one material that makes them aware of the effects of super-high-frequency sound on the brain and makes the reasoning that they have used it skillfully. It is a collection of dozens of heavy and strong bells made by scraping bronze or brass ingots (bullion), and produces a sharp sound rich in super-high frequency components. Since this bell is equipped inside the lion head, its presence is not visible to the audience, and its sound cannot be heard by anyone other than the lion's head shaker in the festival garden where gamelans and techtecans sing. In other words, the effect of this bell on other performers and audiences is equal to zero and does not work as a production device. However, from the side of the performer who shakes the lion head, in the container of masked disguise that completely covers his upper body, he continues to be exposed to the intense ultra-high frequency direct hit generated by the bell in front of his face. In other words, this bell is nothing but a mechanism for supplying super-high frequency sound exclusively for a shaker, and it means that the sound source was installed in a place where the transformer-inducing effect is most powerfully exhibited. Actually, when I put on Baron's lion head and shake it myself, the powerful Suzune's impact that I remember there is certainly not an affair.

  Focusing on this point, the present inventors tried to actually measure the frequency distribution of the sound received by the performer in the body cavity of Baron. Swing the Baron ketch surface (with a bell attached inside), which is actually used in Bali, with the usual swing action, and record the sound at the head position of the shaker with the measurement microphone The signal was analyzed with a broadband FFT analyzer. As a result of this measurement, it was found that there was an extremely abundant amount of ultra-high frequency over 80 kHz, far exceeding the upper limit of the audible range of 20 kHz. Furthermore, when an operation of striking the upper and lower teeth, which is often performed during Baron's performance, is performed, the bell and the sound of striking a tree are added, and the upper limit of the spectrum approaches 100 kHz.

  These demonstrate that the hand shaker is directly hit by the impact sound containing ultra-high frequencies from a close distance in front of the face. The hypersonic effect led by this sound must be a major factor that induces the physiological and psychological state of the shaker to the transformer side. Balinese people's intuition, insights and the activities of the non-linguistic brain function behind them have come to a tremendous level, as they have discovered and rationally used such life science mechanisms from their daily experiences. is not it.

  4). The human society, as an explicit product of science and technology, recognizes various achievements ranging from the Eiffel Tower to space rockets, incorporates them into social wisdom, and makes them known through institutional education. By the way, though far away from them, for example, the performance of Balinese villagers who built a festival that functions in water system control and the system of its pleasure is inferior to any explicit feat of modern science and technology civilization. It must be a monument built by the implied wisdom of humanity. Rather, it is now worth noting that it is a good indicator of the existence of a non-lingual brain thinking mechanism that works in a complex and sophisticated manner beyond the thought mechanism of the language brain module that led to the explicit resentment of science and technology civilization. For these things, modern civilizations should revive them to such a level that they can devote their already deciphering power and deserve proper evaluation and response.

  The FFT power spectrum shown by the gamelan sound of Bali and the ME spectrum array shown by the Japanese shakuhachi sound are the sound space as an artifact with information structure based on complex dimensions, huge density and rapid transformation. I floated up inside. It is not reminiscent of the high density and complexity of the environmental sound of the rainforest that nurtured human genes. Within each traditional culture that nurtures gamelan and shakuhachi, the non-linguistic brain that creates, conveys, accepts and responds to such information structures grew naturally. Moreover, they do not necessarily require specialized procedures such as specialized differentiation, but have penetrated into society as a constitution and have been widely realized.

  What we glimpse from just two examples of shakuhachi and gamelan must probably be limited in terms of non-linguistic brain functions as a whole. However, even if this is the case, for the present inventors who have just greeted the awakening, it seems to be praised so high that it cannot be grasped already. A good and powerful path must be sought for how to regain perception of this activity and how to restore it.

<3-3-3> Fly hypothesis to theory <two-dimensional perception model>.
1. The experiments that the inventors have conducted have a non-negligible influence on the activity of human sputum due to the fact that they are outside the perceptual range, and that contain super-high frequency components beyond the audible range that have been placed outside the scope of existing acoustics. It was clarified that However, the beginning of this problem began in the area of sensory sensitivity (psychological) response, such as the difference in sound quality between LP and CD, and the poor sound quality of digital equipment for studios that excludes ultra-high frequency components. And Ohashi Tsuyoshi's own departure is based on the perception of such a difference in sound quality. This origin cannot be left behind. Opportunities and weapons to tackle this problem came from EEG alpha wave activity measurement data that served as the greatest basis for putting our physiological research into orbit (Figure 37).

  What has been the fortification of sound quality evaluation so far is a paired comparison method that compares short-term memory of sound. The present inventors have found that there may be a fatal defect in the protection of the iron wall, the temporal asymmetry that emerged in the transition of the electroencephalogram α-wave activity —delay and residual response to hypersonic sound— I realized from the phenomenon. The power of the electroencephalogram α wave observed in the experiments by the present inventors gradually increases over a few seconds to a few dozen seconds from the start of the presentation of the sound including the super-high frequency, reaches a “high level”, and the sound is only in the audible range. After switching, the level changes for about 100 seconds while maintaining the level to some extent, and then rapidly decreases to <low level>. This is because the activity level of some neural activity reflected in the α-wave power is epoch-making due to the involvement of a mechanism that is not simple due to sounds including ultra-high frequencies, and after the presentation of the sound is over. Suggests that it remains strong and long.

  Alpha wave power draws a comprehensive situation of brain activity that changes every moment in real time with excellent time resolution. There is no material to support that the remarkable transformation of neural activity reflected in the level difference has no relation to the brain activity that senses the difference in sound quality. In other words, it is certain that the internal state of the brain has changed between the hypersonic sound mode that includes ultra-high frequencies and the high-cut sound mode that is only in the audible range. It can't be said that there is no chance of hearing the same sound. At the same time, the delay and persistence of such changes in brain activity affects the recognition and evaluation of the next sound acupuncture and cannot be denied.

  In conventional psychoacoustic experiments, a pair-wise comparison method that is highly dependent on short-term memory of sounds is used. This is to compare two acupunctures in succession and answer whether they are the same or different, and it is more subtle to show subtle differences in sound quality by presenting short-duration acupunctures in close succession. It is said that it is easy to do. For this reason, the International Radiocommunications Advisory Committee (CCIR), which was once responsible for coordinating international standards for electronic communications, and the current International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunications Division (ITU-R) are the limits of human short-term memory. Based on the above, it is recommended that the sound sample used for comparison should not last 15 to 20 seconds or more, and that the sound sample interval should be about 0.5 to 1 second. And even in the leading experiments so far, very short sounds such as about 10 seconds for music and within 1 second for synthesized sounds are presented as close as possible in time.

  Certainly, when comparing two events, shortening the length and distance and arranging them closer together would be an effective way to make the decision simpler and clearer. However, our brain wave observations revealed that the presentation of sound, including super-high frequencies, switches the internal state or mode of the brain, and that mode remains for 100 seconds after there is no input. So let's assume that this change in brain mode affects the way you feel the sound. In such a mechanism, when listening while switching short sounds such as several seconds or tens of seconds, the response of the new sound accumulates with a time difference on top of the accumulation of the reaction that the sound heard before, and the psychology that I feel now Response is mixed with the response to various sounds presented before. In order to cancel this previous history (hysteresis), the duration of each acupuncture should be longer than the maximum remaining time of 100 seconds in the active mode led by the ultrahigh frequency. However, the detection sensitivity and accuracy are much lower under this condition because it cannot depend on the short-term memory of the brain. Therefore, the difference can only be detected when there is a significant difference in sound quality exceeding the level of short-term memory. Based on these assumptions, the present inventors dared to break the common wisdom and tried a sound quality evaluation experiment in which all Gunbankta songs having a length of about two hundred seconds were paired. At this time, we decided to modify and use <Scheffe's paired comparison method> which can compare the difference in sound quality by repeating a few presentations.

  In this method, a clear result cannot be obtained unless a much larger difference in sound quality is recognized as compared with the conventional paired comparison method using a short sound acupuncture. However, when actually tried, five of the ten sound quality evaluation scales showed the significance of the difference in the scores between the sound including the super-high frequency and the sound only in the audible range (FIG. 40). . At the same time, it was shown that sounds containing super-high frequency components that exceed the audible range are more pleasant and entertaining with respect to sounds that do not contain them. In other words, it can be said that the existence of the super-high frequency component can be detected as a difference in sound quality, which has been shown by an academically orthodox procedure. This opened up a breakthrough to capture the limits of previous psychoacoustics.

  The results of this experiment reveal that the one-to-one comparison method with short-time sound presentation that has been formulated so far and used as an international standard (eg, ITU-R) has latent non-negligibility. It had an effect. This is because it focuses only on not impairing the short-term memory of the acupuncture sound, but it is almost defenseless when the effect of the acupuncture sound persists beyond its presentation time.

  Therefore, an experiment was conducted to explore the limitations of the paired comparison method using short-time sound presentation widely adopted as an international standard. Using the same gamelan music as in the other experiments as a sound sample, a typical 12-second phrase is cut out and a presentation interval of 3 seconds is inserted to create a <sample pair> in which the same sound is repeatedly presented. The 20 pairs of presentation sound sequences were divided into 10 pairs, each with a break recommended by the official method. On the other hand, a combination of super-high frequency sounds appearing at a ratio of 3 to 1, and on the other hand, a combination of sounds only in the audible range also appearing at a ratio of 3 to 1, followed by an order within each sub-session. The experiment was conducted as officially.

  The results are really interesting. First, in the whole experiment, there is no significant difference between the distribution of the number of correct answers actually seen and the distribution of correct answers that will happen by chance, and no difference in sound quality due to the presence or absence of super-high frequency components is perceived. The results were the same as previous authoritative studies. However, when this was examined for each sub-session, it was statistically significant (p> 0.05) that the sound quality difference was distinguished in the sub-session where the appearance frequency of only the audible range was high. On the other hand, in a sub-session with many sounds including super-high frequencies, a very unique result was found that the ratio of wrong answers was statistically significantly higher (p> 0.005). This statistically significant data having the opposite tendency was offset by addition, leading to the result that no sound quality difference was identified in the whole experiment.

  Furthermore, when examining the distribution of the number of incorrect answers in a session with many sounds including super-high frequencies, there was no significance in the case of “misidentifying a sound containing super-high frequencies as sound only in the audible range”. On the other hand, in the case of “misidentifying a sound only in the audible range as a sound including a super-high frequency”, the distribution of the number of misidentifications was biased to be significantly higher than chance (p> 0.05). This is statistically supported by the fact that when only sounds that are audible are presented while sounds that contain super-high frequencies are presented frequently, sounds that are audible only are perceived as sounds that contain super-high frequencies. doing. These results confirm that our working hypothesis that the hypersonic effect persists after the presentation of sound is over was correct. The effects of high frequency components beyond the audible range were not detected by conventional legitimate methods, because the model of psychological experiment adopted there was too much for the complexity of the actual brain function, especially the temporal asymmetry. Isn't it because it was too simple?

  2. Hypersonic effect detection is not straightforward. Because, if you make the cut finer and try to catch it more accurately, the closer you get to the ear, the farther away it will be like running away and it will disappear. That's exactly what tacit knowledge advocate Michael Polany said, “Unleashing clarity can destroy our understanding of a complex event. It can be said that it is a typical example to which the indication that the meaning is wiped out and our concept of existence is destroyed. However, if you are in touch with nature without being particular about the details, an obvious difference in the impression will appear between the sound that cuts off the super-high frequency. The tendency tends to become clearer as the control of the experimental conditions is loosened and the presentation time is lengthened.

  Here, let us return to the “difference between the sound of LP and CD” that caused the inventors to awaken to sounds outside the perceptual range. As a perfect material to examine this, the present inventors have a LP and CD made from the same analog master of Geino Yamashiro Gumi "Rinka Symphony", the work that started the problem awareness of sounds outside the perceptual range. It is matched. I devised to make the most of this.

  First, signals included in LP and CD were compared. The CD signal encoded by PCM is in a frequency region of 22.05 kHz or less as specified. However, LP playback signals are not that simple. If the frequency response of the cartridge that traces the groove and converts it into an electrical signal is poor, the regenerative signal will not reach 20 kHz, while some excellent cartridges even show a response above 100 kHz. A vibrating body composed of a cantilever with a diamond tip that is a needle tip and a very small coil, magnet, and damper attached to it, has its own vibration characteristics, and makes every effort to produce as beautiful a crack as possible. Nothing other than the “instrument” made by the In fact, the magnitude of the change in the playback sound experienced by exchanging cartridges can be much greater than the difference in timbre between Stradivari and Guarneri if compared to a violin. The difference in the playback signal due to the difference in the type of cartridge will be shown in the FFT spectrum by reproducing the same part of the LP for three types of cartridges representing the 1980s when “Rinka Symphony” was released (FIG. 46). In either case, the response band is extended to an ultra-high frequency region that greatly exceeds the upper limit of the reproduction frequency of the CD at the same location, and a large difference in response due to the difference in the type of cartridge appears. Next, using the cartridge that showed the response to the highest frequency range among these, the FFT of the part using the bell called <Gentrak> used in the gamelan of Bali in the "Rinka Symphony" two movements When it was taken, it exceeded 100 kHz (FIG. 47).

  Subsequently, the analog signal obtained by reproducing the portion of the same LP that contains folk instrument sounds and rainforest environmental sounds with the most excellent cartridge is digitally converted by high-speed sampling and one-bit quantization, and the sound source for experiments. The sound of the same location for 160 seconds, including the sound including the super high frequency, the sound only in the audible range excluding the super high frequency (power spectrum is almost the same as the CD), and the CD sound of the same location made from the same master Physiological experiment using brain wave α wave as an index and psychological experiment using Scheffe's paired comparison method.

  First, looking at the results of the physiological experiment, the power of the electroencephalogram α wave greatly increased after listening to the sound including the super-high frequency of LP, and the sound decreased only for the LP audible range and the CD sound. . Next, in a psychological experiment, there was a significant difference in impressions between 14 evaluation word pairs between the sound containing the super high frequency of LP and the sound only in the audible range of LP, and the sound containing super high frequency was more He showed that he felt pleasant and beautiful. There was a significant difference in 7 items between the sound including the super high frequency of LP and the CD sound, and in 6 items, the CD sound was in common with the sound only in the audible range of LP. No significant difference in sound quality was detected between the sound only in the LP audible range and the CD sound.

  In both the physiological experiment and the psychological experiment, there is a clear difference in the combination of the sound only in the audible range of the LP and the sound of the CD with respect to the sound including the super high frequency of the LP, that is, corresponding to the presence or absence of the super high frequency component. . On the other hand, no clear difference appears in the contrast between the sound only in the audible range of LP and the CD sound that asks the difference between the signal processing methods.

  This experiment shows that there is a proper physiological and psychological difference between LP sound and CD sound, and the main cause of the difference exceeds the audible range. I think that it is fairly easy to understand that it is dominated by information outside the perception range of whether there is a super high frequency component.

  3. As we have seen so far, super-high frequency components that cannot be heard as sound that exceeds the upper limit of the audible range are nevertheless spoken to us as a eloquent message. If this is the case, people who have received such messages should reflect their physiological and psychological responses in their behavioral responses. It was dug up in the following experiment.

  Sankyo Seiki Co., Ltd., which has a music box development technology that is unparalleled in the world, has designed a hypersonic music box that generates sounds rich in super high frequencies in addition to the gamelan music that has been used so far. A prototype was made in collaboration with the factory, and the sound was used as another sound source. From these recordings, sounds that contain super-high frequencies and sounds that are audible only are produced, and the volume of the amplifier is moved in a state where the scale is not visible using the remote controller while the subject itself is playing without knowing which one is visible. I had the volume adjusted to be felt. (Note that a preliminary experiment confirms that the volume difference between the full-range sound and the high-cut sound with the same power in the audible range is within an error range [plus or minus 0.1 dB])

The volume reproduced in this way was measured as an equivalent noise level (dBL _Aeq ) using an integral sound level meter, and averaged for a large number of subjects and subjected to statistical processing. As a result, regardless of whether the sound source is a gamelan or a music box, subjects voluntarily and spontaneously listened to a sound that is 0.5-2 dB louder on average than sounds in the audible range. It was found based on statistical significance that the volume was controlled in a controlled manner. In addition, if only the super-high frequency component is increased moderately (for example, plus 6 dB), the listening level further increases by 1 dB or more, and the brain wave α wave increases or decreases in parallel with the intensity of the super-high frequency component. Was found (FIG. 41).

  This experiment to detect and compare the <optimal listening level> is a behavioral behavior that humans demonstrate against a sound environment that is outside the perceptual range but that secures the factors required for unconscious habits and a sound environment that cuts it off. This is important in that prediction of response differences can be modeled and verified in the laboratory. In particular, the dominant sound structure of the super-high-frequency component that showed a better sensitivity here is a type close to the natural rainforest-type environmental sound of mankind. I would like to draw attention to the fact that this type is close to the urban environmental sound that is a hotbed of pathology.

  4). Hypersonic effects have a number of unique characteristics that cannot be grasped in the framework of acoustics and auditory physiology. First of all, sounds including super-high-frequency air vibrations that are not heard by humans are more pleasant and beautiful than sounds that do not include them. As a precaution, the present inventors extracted high frequency components of 14 kHz or higher, 18 kHz or higher, and 22 kHz or higher from the gamelan sound used in the experiment, and examined 25 subjects whether or not they could be perceived. Then, although high frequency of 14 kHz or higher detected the presence of 22 out of 25 people, and high frequency of 18 kHz or higher detected 15 of 25 people, the present inventors were able to detect the presence of the high frequency of 22 kHz or higher presented in the experiment. There was no one person.

  Nevertheless, the sound quality is different depending on whether this component is included or not. At that time, the power of the electroencephalogram α wave is enhanced, but all of these reactions are accompanied by a time delay and a residual. Furthermore, such an effect does not occur with the super-high frequency component alone, but appears only when it coexists with sound in the audible range. At the same time, while the activity of areas not related to hearing belonging to the brain stem and thalamus in the deep brain increases, no particular change is observed in the nerve area directly related to hearing. Such a phenomenon has never been reported before, and there is no knowledge or theory that can reasonably explain it in previous studies, including acoustics and auditory physiology. In order to explain the entire hypersonic effect without contradiction, it is necessary to build a model that differs greatly from the past.

  In fact, if the problem is limited to psychological reactions, as a similar phenomenon, when the method of switching the circuit that passes the filter and the direct circuit is used as a similar phenomenon, a non-linearity that is unrelated to the difference in the structure of the frequency component There is a “nonlinear distortion theory” that points out that sounds may be heard differently due to differences in distortion. It has a reason for existence as a leading theory to explain such phenomena within the framework of acoustics. However, since the bi-channel playback system used by the present inventors is set so that there is no room for such a phenomenon, it cannot be the object of this theory. Furthermore, there is no clue to explain the time delay / residue, which is rarely seen as a neurotransmission seen in the physiological response to hypersonic sound, using the ideas that have been tried in the past, including nonlinear distortion theory.

  It is very difficult to comprehensively explain the phenomenon found by the present inventors comprehensively and consistently only by relying on existing knowledge and the framework of theory. It is necessary to build a powerful model again after removing such a framework and securing a wide range of thinking materials and ideas.

  In order to explain the mechanism of the hypersonic effect, we proceeded with modeling while recombining the knowledge structure as flexibly as possible. In this process, based on the completely new idea that “the human response to air vibration has a two-dimensional structure”, the concept of the “two-dimensional perception model” that can explain this peculiar phenomenon without any major contradiction. I was able to get it.

  The first dimension that makes up this model is explicit and is the auditory response as already known for air vibration components in the audible frequency band 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The audible frequency components that make up this first dimension are processed by the classical auditory nervous system and act as <message carriers>. The second dimension is implicit and is the response to non-audible ultra-high frequency components, possibly around 20 kHz, with the upper limit reaching 100 kHz or more. The initial reaction of this component directly leading to the human body is transmitted to the central nervous system through some route, and activates the brain base such as the brain stem, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus including the reward system. In other words, the ultra-high frequency components that make up the second dimension change the internal state of the brain in this way and serve as a <modulator> that modulates the response in the direction of induction of pleasure and / or relaxation of negative acupuncture. I think.

  However, the hypersonic effect does not occur when only the super-high frequency component is input alone. Therefore, a mechanism must be considered in which a reward system circuit is not simply activated by input of a super-high frequency component, but functions by interaction with some audible range sound. As the background, the present inventors paid attention to a region in the brain, which was found in the PET experiment, in which the cerebral blood flow shows a significant positive correlation with the electroencephalogram β-wave activity. The part is limited to the region centered on the frontal lobe premotor cortex under the background noise condition, or only the super-high frequency components that do not include the sound that can be heard as music, while the music has a continuous signal structure. Under the condition where a sound audible is presented, this includes the front of the parietal lobe, whether or not it contains super-high frequencies. This finding is in good harmony with the idea that music and environmental information proposed by sound environmental studies have a special meaning in that they have a common information structure in which environmental sounds in the rainforest change continuously in time. Based on this, when sounds with an information structure that changes continuously in time, such as music and forest sounds, are input to the brain, information in the brain with the involvement of the front of the parietal lobe wedge The processing mode changes, the gate of the circuit that transmits the modulation signal by ultra high frequency to the deep brain is opened, and the action of the ultra high frequency component that passes through it reaches the brain backbone network including the reward system and activates it I thought. As a result, the mechanism by which the hypersonic effect is guided can be explained without any major contradiction (FIG. 51).

  In the brain brain, cells of monoaminergic neuroprojection system and opioid-acting nervous system that play an important role in the generation of reward response, that is, pleasure and beauty response, are densely distributed. The results of the sound quality evaluation experiment enable the interpretation that the activation of these parts causes a positive emotional action for sound perception and the implicit response is multiplied over the explicit sound response.

  In brain reward system neural circuits involving monoamine and opioid peptide neurotransmitters, the elimination of transmitters from synaptic gaps is not instantaneously performed by enzymatic reactions like motor and auditory nervous systems. Absent. Rather, mainly due to reabsorption and natural outflow, the residence time of the transmitter substance in the synaptic gap becomes longer. In addition, in post-synaptic cells, cascade accumulation by second messengers and related enzyme groups increases the accumulation of transmitter substances, further prolonging the action time. The cumulative effect of such molecular biological mechanisms that amplify and sustain the input signal leads to a significant temporal remnant of neural activity and achieves a transient response with a long delay. This molecular neurophysiological interpretation is in good harmony with the fact that the enhancement of alpha waves by sounds containing ultra-high frequencies shows significant delay and persistence.

  This model looks like an analog system with the internal structure of the imaginary information device <Turing Machine> by Alan Turing, which became the prototype of our regular von Neumann type digital computer Have The Turing machine has the property of continuing to transition between a finite number of internal states determined by the current internal state and the information input to it, so that each internal state shows its own output characteristics. Designed.

  Looking at our two-dimensional perceptual model in analogy with this Turing machine, first of all, inside this machine, the first dimensional input that is explicitly perceptible, ie the sound in the audible range, is continuously transformed. However, when taking a sustained information structure, the component itself acts as a message, and at the same time, transforms the internal state of the system, and in the circuit that conveys the unperceivable ultrahigh frequency action that forms the second dimension to the reward system The mode of the inserted gate is switched from the closed state to the open state. Next, when a signal excited by the ultra-high frequency component constituting the second dimension enters the system in which the gate is turned to an internal state, it passes through the opened gate and includes the reward system. Reach the key and activate it. It will modulate the impression of the sound that makes up the first perceptible dimension, and output it with emphasis on the phases of pleasure and beauty.

  This two-dimensional perception model makes it possible to comprehensively explain all the experimental facts found by the present inventors to date without any major contradiction.

  6). The circuit diagram (FIG. 51) of the two-dimensional perception model can be viewed as one of the brain blueprints written in human genes. Reading this from the point of view of <inter-real functional coupling of brain>, it reveals several important models that form the framework of information environment science, which is the foundation of sound environment science, The models that form the core of the environmental science of sound are brought together to produce a powerful effect that shifts from a simple hypothesis to a theory based on facts. For the inventors who have born and nurtured these models, it was a discovery that must be remembered.

  First, the activity of the region that responds to the audible sound extracted as the first principal component by the principal component analysis method-the left and right auditory cortex-corresponds exactly to the first dimension of the two-dimensional perceptual model, <message carrier>. Similarly, the activity of the region group that responds to the ultra-high frequency component extracted as the second principal component—the brain backbone network—corresponds exactly to the second dimension, <modulator>. Moreover, the activities of these two groups are linked inside each other, but show independent movements between the groups, and this point is also in harmony with the model.

  Next, when we examine the configuration of the second dimension region group excited by the ultra-high frequency component, which is the <modulator>, that is, the <cerebral backbone network> in detail, it is further divided into three units. Can be classified into The first is the <reward system> unit consisting of the upper brainstem (middle brain), prefrontal cortex, thalamus belonging to the limbic system and the anterior cingulate gyrus, that is, the <behavior control system> based on emotion and sensitivity . The second unit is a group composed of regions belonging to the brain stem and the hypothalamus. A part of the second unit overlaps with the first unit, and the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, etc. that are the basis of life activity. Corresponds to the <biological control system> for adjusting As a third unit, there is a frontal lobe wedge front that does not belong to any of these.

  The present inventors have found that the third region reveals a correlation with the electroencephalogram β wave due to the presence of music. From this point of view, the signal excited by the super-high frequency component is on the way to the reward system. I think that it is possible to list this part as a candidate of the placed <gate control system>. The above classification supports the <two-dimensional perceptual model of the hypersonic effect> through the functional linkage between the first unit <reward system> and the third unit <gate control system>.

  So how should we perceive the relationship between the second unit and <biological control system>? In fact, a very important significance is revealed here. This is because for the first time in history, we have empirically told that essential information for the survival of humankind exists as “essential sound” as if it were essential nutrition.

  Let me elaborate. The core of the biological control mechanism that constitutes the second unit is the activities of the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system, which are critically controlled by the hypothalamus, which is exactly <homeostasis>, that is, dealing with environmental changes. It plays a central role in regulating physiological activities in the body. Specifically, first, in the original environment promised by the gene, the original activity optimized for the environment is normally operated. And when the environment deviates from the original, it will become the main force that demonstrates the activity to launch and survive the appropriate adaptation activities. Furthermore, when it encounters a situation that exceeds the limit of adaptation, it launches a self-disassembly program that reverses the vector of life activity and runs away from deregulation, lifestyle-related diseases, psychosomatic disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, developmental disorders It also becomes a part that provokes. This second unit is the control center of the original, adaptive and self-dismantling mechanism. Here, paying attention to the action of <sound>, it can be seen that the original activity of this <biological control system> is established by the presence of super-high frequency components exceeding the audible range. It might immediately lead to the concept of “essential nutrition” in matter and lead to the concept of “essential sound”.

  The fact that the second unit, that is, the biological control system and the first unit, that is, the behavior control system, which have such functions, are connected and integrated by inter-brain function, is exactly the original-adaptive model, programmed. A self-disassembly model and a <physiology / psychology / behavior control model> that integrates the behavior control model based on emotion and sensibility is nothing but proof (FIGS. 51 and 52).

  The vector of the physiological activity toward the adaptation and self-disassembly that is originally associated with the behavior control system and the biological control system, and the vector toward the low density simplicity from the ultra high density and high complexity found in the information environment structure are closely related. Attention should be drawn to the fact that they are integrated and working in parallel (FIG. 52). This is because our genes and brains are based on an extremely high-density and complex information environment, and constitute a vector of life activities that are adapted and self-disassembled toward the side where the density and complexity decrease. Because it tells. In other words, our genes and brain are promised in the spectrum of density and complexity of the global information environment that declines from rainforests to evacuated forests, grasslands, deserts or polar regions, or cities. This is because it confirms that the information environment has been shifted to the ultra high density and high complexity side of the rainforest type.

  In this way, the functional linkage between the <2D perceptual model of the hypersonic effect> and the subsystems included therein has been nurtured by the present inventors from the early 1980s to the present in information environment science. In addition to the original-adaptive model, the programmed self-disassembly model, and the behavioral control model based on emotion and sensibility, the fundamental model of the present-day human rainforest that forms the basis of sound environmental studies It is an exquisite material that flies from a simple hypothesis to a theory supported by proof. It is based on experimental facts that the discovery of the “Hypersonic Effect” is the discovery of the “essential information” for the first time in history, and the discovery of the “essential sound” as its concrete manifestation. . The significance of the construction of a two-dimensional perception model that has led to such resentment and the discovery of functional relationships between brain regions that support it is immeasurable.

<3-4> Design of the environment promised by genes.
<3-4-1> To what extent can music improve the sound environment?
1. The history of dissonance between sound, people and the environment goes back to the emergence of ancestors who ran into the primary industry that abandoned the original lifestyle of hunting and gathering in the rainforest and became the trap of civilization. Let's go. Burn the forest for farming, and the field for pastoralism. This shift to life is nothing but the distinction between the genes of modern humans (modern homo sapiens) and the environmental sound of the forest promised to the brain. Over time, the invasion of powerful mechanical noise that started with the secondary industry produced a sound environment that greatly exceeded our tolerance. In particular, the roaring of power machinery that began to rage from England in the 19th century and the noise of transportation that prevailed in land, sea, and air in the second half of the 20th century filled the environment with sound and vibration that have never been seen in the evolutionary history of Earth Life. I came.

  Countermeasures against mechanical noise show its first move to escape from the noise of neighboring factories in the 19th century British wealthy class. From the second half of the 20th century, environmental acoustics (having played a role in blocking various types of machine noise, including traffic noise, which has permeated every residential and non-residential area and no longer allowed escape, and living space where people live. (environmental acoustics) form a large area. There, sound insulation materials and sound insulation structures that are at the forefront of the times and technologies that make full use of them have been developed and put into practical use. At the same time, a wide range of technology systems are being built, ranging from technology that suppresses vibrations of the sound source itself to active servo control (a method that eliminates noise by generating a sound signal having a structure opposite to that of the current noise). Has reached the present. Since this area has been developed with the goal of simply suppressing the presence of sound, it is still integrated with the value structure that the sound in the environment should be good. In other words, it does not have a framework with the concept of sound necessary for survival in mind. However, in recent years, cooperation with the sound environment design field with a view to soundscape has begun to grow.

  Even within the framework of “environmental sanitation”, one of the new concepts that captures the harmony between the environment and humans that became serious after the Second World War, the environment of sound has never been neglected. In particular, the World Health Organization (WHO) has been investigating environmental noise over a long period of time from a wide range of viewpoints, and continues to make proactive recommendations based on research from a physiological and psychological point of view. They fulfill important missions, such as providing guidelines for research and development for environmental acoustics as well as contributing to guidelines for the development of laws and systems related to the sound environment in each country and local community. Came. Furthermore, since the end of the 20th century, it has come to mention soundscape as a future issue.

  2. Looking at the attitude of harmony between humankind and the material environment that modern civilization has built here, first of all, regarding nutrients that human beings are indispensable for survival, minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, etc. The required amount is specified in detail throughout the event. The background goes back to the focus on the experience of citrus ingestion of scurvy that threatened sailors in the long voyage after the voyage. After the nineteenth century, the concept of “essential nutrition”, which was found and established according to the procedures of modern science, and a comprehensive norm to constantly supply the human body, including those that are still unknown, to “nutrition” Systematized as "Study". In parallel, the concepts of harmful substances and poisons that have probably been inherited since the original hunting and gathering period, and individual standards to prevent their intake, such as the maximum allowable intake and lethal dose (LD50) Etc. are also systematized. On the other hand, as for the sound, as of the beginning of the 21st century, while inappropriate sound is excluded from the environment, it clearly stated that the existence of some environmental sound is indispensable for the survival of living creatures such as modern humans. There is still no scientific recognition.

  In other words, our science and technology civilization provides extremely precise standards for both “things that should not be” and “things that should not be” for substances (ingested chemical substances). On the other hand, for information (in this case, sound), we have prepared simple standards for “things that shouldn't be” and are trying to eliminate them. Shows a vivid contrast in the absence.

  3. In contrast to environmental sounds that have been consistently excluded in science and technology civilization, the area of sound that has been emphasized and enriched from the viewpoint of art and culture is other than music. Don't be. Interestingly, music has become increasingly de-environmented under the name of “artification” in the modern and modern times since the early modern era, and then combined with electronic media in the second half of the 20th century. Caused a spill and flood. Among them, those released into public space have followed a strange path of falling into the subject of regulation, leading to discomfort and disgust as well as other environmental noises.

  In human history, music has shown outstanding effects as an artifact that complements sound in the space and improves the sensibility information quality of the environment. Among them, the effects of deterrence and recovery against illnesses that have been attracting attention since ancient times have been developed as <passive music therapy> in the present age, and have built a large system. This area is in the framework of individual prescription based on a detailed pre-examination of the patient's uniqueness, so it is difficult to apply it directly to a public space that is highly demanding for universality.

  On the other hand, on the basis of human history as “music as a complement to environmental information”, with the aim of filling the gap of the sound that becomes even larger due to the advanced urbanization and industrialization of the 20th century, A genre called background music (BGM) or environmental music has developed greatly. As the name suggests, this means that the music originally developed in front of human perception is backgrounded and environmentalized. Its origin dates back to a physiological and psychological approach that focuses on the work efficiency improvement effect of music that began in the United States in the 1910s. At the same time, it is greatly supported by the low-priced and simple realization of music by recording and playback using the <Phonograph> by the invention of Thomas Edison, which began to take off. The first target of BGM is various factories, and it is expected that the efficiency of the company managers will increase, and that the workers will reduce the burden and fatigue. The road to chemistry was greatly opened.

  Under such circumstances, Muzak, a music software supplier specializing in BGM, appeared in the United States in 1934. The company's business form is to distribute music using a telephone line, and it can be said to be the so-called cable broadcasting ancestor. Muzac's business is on track, and following companies are also active, and although there are various folds, this field has reached a present while establishing a large area in the music distribution market. And as shown by the fact that BGM = environmental music itself is called “Muzac” in the United States, Musaac still maintains an overwhelming position in this area.

  When thinking about BGM, you should pay attention to the unique activity of Muzac, the leading company. The company advocated that it was a “specialist who applied music psychologically and physiologically”, and since then the beginning of marketing and product development using physiology and psychology. Its basic stance focuses on the fact that BGM does not recognize the character of “autonomous music” at all, and is effective as a complete “functional music”. Naturally, the framework of “playing and appreciation” has been abandoned, and practical effects tailored to the user's purpose have been thoroughly pursued, and results commensurate with it have been encouraging.

  More specifically, it goes without saying that the selection of the music, the design of its transmission sequence, the setting of the interval including the large pause time, etc., the selection of the sound source (for example, instrumental music, especially strings, mainly woodwinds and brasses are more dependent) Suppress voice as much as possible), simplification of arrangement (simplification of musical instrument organization, progression of harmony, rhythm structure, etc.), compression of dynamic range (performance without insidiousness and heavy use of electronic compressor / limiter), Sound spectrum flattening and change monotonization (continuation of a narrow spectrum with no characteristic peak or dip) have been carefully carried out to achieve “easy listening”. As a result, a unique sound flow that effectively suppresses arousing a musical response while being like music is effectively created. By the way, 33 and the one-third rotation disk system, which was the highest recording efficiency at that time, which later became the standard for LP records, also originated from Muzac.

  The muzac strategy was successful, especially since the 1950s, and the BGM market has grown explosively. During this time, Muzac has expanded its branches to Europe, Latin America, Oceania, the Far East, and more. As a result, almost everywhere in the world, in addition to factories and offices, commercial spaces from department stores to retail stores, service businesses such as hotels, restaurants and beauty salons, and public spaces including hospitals, stations and government offices <Muzac> In other words, a state where a muzac-style BGM overflows was introduced.

  This led to the emergence of a sound environment problem with a new nature that inspired Mari Schafer, a composer of Western art and music, toward the idea of <Soundscape>. It is the occurrence of a situation in which listening is forced to an unspecified number of people with the BGM environment. In the late 1960s, major protests began to appear internationally as this problem became apparent. In 1969, at the General Assembly of the UNESCO International Music Council held in Paris, the abuse of BGM was accused of infringement of the right to personal freedom and the silence of all people. A resolution requesting research from an angle is unanimously adopted.

  Schaefer is one of the most sensitive responders to this situation and there is no doubt that one of his decisive moments for his Soundscape advocacy is here. He named this muzac-style BGM <Moozak, or Mooze>, especially in public space, as "the flow of all schizophrenic music" I give up to the sound drool. Mousack is music that should not be heard. " Under such circumstances, Muzaak has abolished the name of BGM, and has become the target of <Audio Architecture>.

  Against this backdrop, Schaefer advocated the philosophy of <Soundscape> and envisaged a framework to link it to practice. Schaefer himself compared it to the industrial design that emerged from the German Bauhaus (1919-1933). Is named “acoustic design” in the 1994 Desnity Book version (Destination Books version), and Schaefer says, “This study is important for (sound).” Recording different features, writing down differences, similarities and trends, collecting endangered sounds, and their impact before new sounds are unleashed in the environment Have a variety of sounds Studying the rich symbolism of human beings, and studying human behavior patterns that appear in different sound environments, and using these insights for future environmental design of humankind. "It's the purpose," he said, a revolutionary view that sets it apart from the Western culture of sound.

  Regarding what soundscape research is, Schaefer says that "music is reaffirmed as a pursuit of harmony between the influences of various sounds in the world around us." . Soundscape (acoustic) design also includes "making environmental models. From this point of view, it is continuous with contemporary music composition". In addition, Keiko Torigoe, one of the evangelists in Japan of Schaefer's philosophy, said, “Soundscape Design does not always exclude the traditional“ music ”, but rather has Western modern music at its center. It means that the framework has been expanded and transformed "(translation by the translator of" World Tuning "). These stances provide a framework of artistic activity that follows the Western music paradigm in the design of the sound environment by soundscape (acoustic design called Schaefer). Under this framework, the autonomy, purity, supremacy, author's ego emphasis, and freedom of creativity included in the basic philosophy of modern art, such as 19-20th century Western civilization ruled by "genes". In principle, it is difficult to cut off. Schaefer himself insists on its supremacy as “acoustic design should never be a design that is controlled from above”.

  On the already highly matured stage of material civilization among science and technology civilizations, it has already been confirmed that the “free dismissalism” led by Adam Smith et al. It has become commonplace, and it is becoming a thing of the past as regulations on air, water and waste develop. However, on the <information civilization stage>, which is still in a very simple stage compared to material civilization, for example, "freedom of creation" continues to reign in the inviolable position. When this is read from the “substance” to the “information” area by the “equivalence model of substance and information” with the background of brain science and information environment science, information called “creation” based on the supremacy of art The unconstrained nature of operation has a meaning that is indistinguishable from the open technological development that was once seen in the field of “manufacturing”.

  From the viewpoint of life science, when the purpose is to conserve and improve the “information environment” of “sound”, as in the case of conserving and improving the “material environment”, the position to respect the earth's ecosystem and earth life. Therefore, human assessment and control must be prioritized above all. It requires that environmental scientific operations are carried out within a range that is relaxed without denying the regulations by which the scientific safety and effectiveness are highly established. Within such a framework, it is difficult to prioritize the supremacy of art unconditionally.

  From this point of view, the “sacred art” aspect of soundscape (acoustic) design is “expansion of Western music concept and expansion of social functions of art music” (translation by Keiko Torigoe “World Tuning” ) The soundscape goal setting itself may lead to contradictory contradictions.

  In the first place, environmental conservation and artificial non-restraint can sometimes be exquisitely coordinated, but basically do not have a mechanism to prevent falling into a relationship of unfaithfulness. In human history, the allegory of anthropomorphism has been rationalized and improved most ideologically, and it is nothing other than Western European modern art that has evolved as an identity. Among them, the nineteenth century advocating that "music is not bound by anything other than its own laws, and that the creative act is completely free without suffering any social elbow" The philosophy of <absolute music>, which was obsessed with, should be counted as one of the most radical of the supreme artistic ideas. At the same time, the miserable result led by the control of art by the <Socialist Rareism> that emerged from the Soviet Union in the 1930s as a reaction to the supremacy of art was also the inevitable falloff of the modernization of modern civilization. The limit is embossed and cannot be overlooked. A soundscape design strategy that attempts to extend and transform Western music with its origins to function in environmental conservation and improvement is of course not feasible. But we must be cautious about whether it should be the best or highly preferred choice.

  Schaefer has a principle other than “learning from music”, which has such serious problems, as follows: “1. Respect for the ears and voices—the ears are subject to displacement beyond the allowable limit (threshold shift) and the voice can be heard. When not, the environment is harmful 2. Awareness of sound symbolism-it is always more than signal action as a function 3. Knowledge of natural soundscape rhythms and tempos 4. Deviations "The understanding of the balance mechanism by which the soundscape is restored to its original state. This last point is most easily understood by going back to Chinese philosophy and art." Certainly, these guidelines have an opportunity for effective development. In fact, this approach from the outside of traditional Western art music materials and methods has made it a soundscape ( (Acoustic) ・ It seems that the main resentment of design has been produced.

  As a guide to soundscape design, Schaefer said, “What kind of sound do we want to protect, help, and breed? It will become clear why we must eliminate it, and only the overall discriminatory power to the sound environment gives us the assets to improve the orchestration of the soundscape. In other words, it is possible to improve the “orchestration” of soundscape by first clarifying the ideal state of sound in the environment and establishing the “norm”. Is pointing. This can be said to be a guideline that has earned its right. This is because it is clearly different from the quantitative standards that are still essentially sparse, such as the noise regulations in <Environmental sanitation>, and the BGM standards that are dominated by the market economy.

  Needless to say, what has a decisive meaning is to select or set an ideal sound environment that serves as a “norm”. This comes with the same difficulty as setting the concept of human “essential nutrition”. This is because listing all of the essential nutrients is nothing more than an act that in principle surpasses the limits of our current analytical and analytical capabilities. In such a case, the present inventors generate substantial efficacy by setting a concept such as “a collection of natural foods that have been shown to be compatible with human beings as seen on an evolutionary history scale”. It will be. In other words, the wording that can function as an indication of “norm” here reveals a highly organic and comprehensive concept that can be included without excluding “unknown but essential elements and structures”. It must be. To that end, it is an effective solution to take the form of a “concrete concept that indicates a certain reality”, which is naturally allowed to potentially contain a lot of unknown elements and structures. is there.

  In this regard, Schaefer does not explicitly indicate the normative soundscape design. However, from a context point of view, Schaefer's logical construction is formally irrelevant, realizing an impeccable setting. What he emerged as “representing eternal perfection” in the “Tuning of the World” was “music of the celestial”, which is highly interested in esoteric people. spheres, but the Japanese translation of “World Tuning” is nothing but “celestial music”). In particular, he sets this concept back to that of the original Pythagoras (note that Schaefer often takes up the concept of “Anahata” in Indian music and refers to it as homogeneous. doing).

  The subject of the short epilogue that concludes the book “The World Tuning” is “Music of the celestial sphere”, where Schaefer said, “It is music as a rational order and originated from Greeks, especially the Pythagoras School. Pythagoras, who discovered a mathematical correspondence between the overtone ratios of the strings that produced the sound and focused on the planets and stars seemingly moving under perfect regularity, Integrating and speculating that the two forms of movement are both manifestations of a complete universal law, they combined music and mathematics. " Prior to that, Schaefer linked the soundscape design to the apollonic view of music, and examples of the manifestation of this view were “Anahata of Indian music”, “Phtagoras's thought”, “The idea of medieval theorists” (probably Greek) The concept of “music as the theory of moving numbers” of origin) and Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique are cited, “the method of explanation is the theory of numbers”. Certainly, there are a lot of mythical nuances of Pythagoras.

  Pythagoras was the origin of Western art music philosophy that recognizes “music with a continuous quantitative structure” as clarified by sound environmental studies as “discrete numerical phenomenon”. It is quite certain that it will be a school. However, like the other intellectual heritage of Pythagoras, the present inventors have no other choice but to indirectly know what the original “celestial music” is. About this, Aristotle criticized and rejected after introducing it in his "Astronomical theory" as follows. In the text, “present people” refers to the Pythagoras School.

  “In our view, things that do not have the same magnitude and do not move so fast on our earth make sounds, so much larger objects are moving. If this is the case, it will inevitably make a sound, and the sun, the moon, and the number and size of the stars will move at such a high speed, but they will not make a huge sound. Assuming that these things, and also the speed, have a ratio of tones according to distance, they are harmonious in the sound of the stars in circular motion. However, because it seems unreasonable that we are not listening to this music together, they state the reason as follows: As soon as we are born again, This sound is already present, so we cannot distinguish it from the opposite silence, because sound and silence are only discriminated after being juxtaposed with each other, so it is just a habit for coppersmiths The same thing will happen to the general public, as neither sound seems to be distinguished. ”

  This context is almost completely devoted to Schaefer, "As all humans struggle for perfection, all sounds crave silence, the eternal life of celestial music" After all, the great book “Tuning the World” is tied up with a philosophy of design of the sound environment, devoted to the supreme reason for silence.

  Such celestial sphere music can certainly be a symbol of “eternal perfection”, but by being silent, it can be used as a concrete <indicator> for constructing real environmental sounds from this norm. It is difficult to reasonably guide <standard>. This state hollows out the contents of the target sound physical structure and signal structure when the soundscape design system is applied to control the actual sound environment. It opens the way to paralyze the trends that lead to effectiveness and reliability in this system, or to leave it largely to arbitraryness.

  The results led under the name of soundscape (acoustic) design continue to bring rich resentment beyond the various contradictions and limitations that lie deep in the framework, which should be maintained in the future right. Nonetheless, it does not support that the various contradictions and limitations of this framework can be ignored, nor can it lead to the uniqueness or high priority claim of this framework. As a historical issue, we may be asked to prepare a new framework that can withstand long-term prospects without being hindered by serious contradictions or limitations.

<3-4-2> Brain-friendly sound environment design.
1. Each of the various approach frameworks that have been built to bring us a precious heritage when it comes to practicing harmony between sound, people and the environment. However, it cannot be denied that, on top of that, the prospects for entrusting the prospects of the present inventors are not yet found. In particular, belief and responsibility when dealing with projects that involve the healthy growth of the next generation of life and overcoming social pathologies, or projects that consume public opportunities, public spaces, and public funds. It's hard to perceive that you can't find a pre-existing route that is good enough for you.

  Therefore, the inventors have retained linear dependence on such traditional frameworks with significant limitations, and while learning from them, it is sufficient to practice without hesitation based on their own beliefs and responsibilities. I decided to reimagine a new sound environment design framework based on sound ecology. To sum up, it is “Design of a sound environment friendly to the brain promised by human genes”.

  The first step in the construction of this paradigm begins with an effort to set the norm, that is, the ideal sound environment to be achieved as a comprehensive concept. However, to be more faithful, the thought process itself that led to the decision that an effective norm should be set in the design of the sound environment already constitutes part of the factors that distinguish this effort from others. It should be said.

  Up to now, with the exception of <Spherical Music> that Mari Schaeffer has focused on or <Anahata> as the existence of its synonyms, rather than excluding sound, for sound environment design that played a role in creating sound There were no norms that gave clues or goals. In addition, celestial music and anahata may be able to function as metaphysical or esoteric conceptual tools, but they can specifically indicate the standards for controlling real sound, that is, the signal structure and information structure that the sound itself should have. It is not a thing. If you dare to seek it, <silence>, which contradicts the creation of the sound environment, assumes the position of norm and hollows out the act of design itself. The absence of a reference with the effectiveness seen in this situation can be said to be a marshal that entrusted the sound environment design to the drift without a compass.

  Certainly, it is not easy to set a sound environment reference as a scientific concept that can be effective on the ground of science and technology civilization that the present inventors are standing at. unknown. However, only recently have we been fortunate that various materials will appear in new scientific knowledge. Some of them are not encouraging historical changes. The present inventors have conceived an organizational strategy for reviving the sound environment promised by the gene to the urban space by utilizing them, and have gradually moved to realizing it. The outline is described below.

  2. The inventors of the present invention first focused on <genetic determinism> based on molecular genetics as one of the most valuable intellectual assets acquired by humanity. Based on this, the present inventors were able to set a big premise that “the ideal sound environment promised to the gene is inherently and universally determined for human beings”.

  Here, by introducing <original-adaptive model> from information environment studies, the sound structure promised to us is the cradle of the evolution of mankind, and the ecosystem in which the gene was born through recombination of DNA sequences We obtained a model that is equivalent to the sound structure of the environment. As to what kind of environment it is, the latest evolutionary biology, ecological anthropology, brain science, and other knowledge and methods, and sound environmentology built using them, are two-dimensional perceptual models of hypersonic effects. > And its discovery of <functional relations between brain regions>. To sum up, first of all, it is highly likely that our genes were formed in the course of recombination, centered on the rainforest, from a long time before becoming human. It supports that the original environment promised to our gene is a rainforest type, and that the world of sound that cracks there is the most promising candidate for the sound environment promised to the gene. Against this backdrop, the present inventors made the sound space spread in the rainforest the most promising candidate for the sound environment promised to the genes of modern Homo sapiens, The basic strategy of using signal structure and information structure as environmental sound reference was established.

  As the next step, we need to verify the effectiveness of this reference and set up a new framework that will actually link to analysis, design, construction and evaluation of the sound environment and function properly. This should not be the “essential nutrition” that must survive in the material we ingest, using the “equivalence model between material and information in earth life” from information environment science. Just as <poisonous> exists, the sound information accepted by the present inventors also includes sound as <essential information> that must survive and sound as <infringement information> that must not exist Led to the idea of doing. The structure of the sound that is essential information here is nothing other than the norm of the “brain-friendly sound environment”.

Based on the above recognition, the present inventors have made sound existing in the environment,
1. <Essential sounds>, that is, "sounds that are indispensable for human well-being"
2. <Sounds that have a positive effect on human beings>, that is, "sounds that have a positive effect on human beings"
3. <Noxious sounds, i.e., "Sounds that are injured to human beings"
We set up a framework that can be classified into three categories.

  Starting from the stage of material civilization, our civilization has a strong awareness of the existence of substances indispensable for human survival since the early days of dawn, and has established the concept of “essential nutrition” such as vitamins at an early stage. On the other hand, in the very late stage of information civilization, the concept and existence of a full-fledged <essential information> are still not clearly shown, and here, the <essential sound> proposed by the present inventors is the slogan. ).

  The effectiveness of the present inventors that categorizes environmental sounds into three groups, especially the effectiveness of essential sounds, must be verified in terms of both sound structure and function. First, regarding the structure of sound, an objective indicator is the distinction between an artificial space that has become a base for science and technology civilization, and where the incongruity between sound and people has reached an unbearable level, especially urban sound environment and that of the rainforest. You need to make sure that it is clearly recognized and meaningful as a reference.

  For this purpose, the present inventors developed a recording and analysis method according to the purpose, and examined the signal structure of the sound of the rainforest and the sound of the city in detail. As a result, we found that the upper frequency limit of the environmental sound in the rainforest as a model of the natural sound environment of mankind reaches 100-130 kHz, which is about 5-15 kHz higher than the environmental sound in the city. In contrast to the extremely high density, high complexity, and transformation of the sound structure of the rainforest, the environmental sound of the city is extremely low density, simplicity, and monotony. The result of this verification is that the environmental sound in the rainforest is used as the norm of the sound environment that best suits humanity. We confirmed the possibility of comparing the degree of divergence or the degree of restoration with high precision on the objective indicators of sound signal structure and information structure.

  As the next issue, it must be verified whether the structural features of the rainforest-type sound that greatly exceeds the limits of human sound perception are reflected in the function that acts on humans. I must. For this purpose, the results of rigorous model experiments accumulated by the present inventors over a long period of time are effective. In other words, the present inventors have recorded ultra-wideband sounds and music of natural environment having an ultra-high density information structure of a rainforest type, and removed the super-high frequency components exceeding the audible range from them, thereby reducing the low density. It is possible to reproduce both urban and urban sounds with high fidelity, and switch between the two under the same conditions while listening to them under blind hold. Compared on multiple indicators related to. Such experiments show that when listening to urban-type low-density simple sounds, the activity of the brain backbone network is lower than when listening to rainforest-type ultra-high-density and complex sounds. In all indicators of behavior, it is clear with statistical significance that urban sounds reduce human mental and physical activity or make incompatibilities with sounds worse than rainforest sounds. did.

  In the brain core network where activity decline was found under urban sounds here, the brain stem and hypothalamus that constitute the <biological control unit> in our <two-dimensional perception model> It is deeply involved in the pathology of gene-determinable epilepsy that frequently occurs in the container of the civilization of the city, namely lifestyle-related diseases and psychosomatic diseases. On the other hand, the <behavior control unit> including the midbrain, thalamus, zonal gyrus, and prefrontal cortex is a <reward system> area, and its decline in activity is accompanied by mental and behavioral disorders and development as well as escape behavior from the city due to discomfort. May lead to disability. In addition, it is wary that the perversion of the behavior control mode leads to extremely civilized pathologies such as anorexia and wrist cuts (self-injury).

  In retrospect, however, the inventors have acquired the prospect of being freed from the pathology of these modern civilizations by building the sound environment according to the newly constructed norm of essential sounds. means.

  3. Through the setting of norms and standards as described above and verification through experiments, the present inventors have built a new principle of sound environment design. That is the paradigm of “Brain-friendly sound environment design”. The essence starts with the information structure that is characteristic of the environmental sound of the rainforest being used as a reference for the essential sounds. Next, this reference is compared with the information structure of the sound in the specific space to be improved or constructed, and the difference is precisely measured. Furthermore, it will complement the heads found here and build a baseline of essential sounds with a rainforest type information structure. Of course, on this basis, it is also not out of scope to design a sound space that meets the purpose while introducing <sound effects> if necessary. And these effectiveness and safety are evaluated comprehensively using a complex index system covering physiology, psychology and behavior with brain activity as a central index.

  However, the design that builds the baseline of the desired sound environment with the highest degree of completeness is in principle the creation of the rainforest itself. However, this is almost unrealistic in the short and medium term. Therefore, as a next best measure in such an overwhelming majority of cases, on the one hand, we try to approximate the original ecosystem as much as possible, and on the other hand, in order to limit the limit, we supplement the sound with artifacts including electronic media Is done appropriately. In this regard, the augmented reality or mixed reality approach that fuses real / virtual reality is notable.

  Next, it is necessary to prepare materials, methods, and means for putting them into practice. In particular, when using electronic media, the development of software such as collection and generation of sound sources having a rainforest-type information structure and content editing is a fundamental issue with extremely high priority. The importance of the development and production of hardware that dramatically improves performance compared to the past, which records, edits, distributes, plays back, and presents super-dense and highly complex sound signals obtained in this way. Not too long. Next, it is necessary to have a space configuration, an implementation design, and a construction for deploying them in the actual target space. In this regard, the present inventors have developed a system for practical use that satisfies a high degree of specification that has not been obtained by using a system developed for research as a prototype.

  In this approach, there are overwhelmingly many aspects that do not fit within the framework of knowledge and technology such as conventional sound environment design, that is, acoustic design, BGM = environmental music, soundscape (acoustic) design, and music therapy. With that in mind, I will explain in more detail the actual “environment-friendly sound environment design” derived from this approach.

  4). First, we will describe the details of the acoustic structure that should be included in the “essential sounds” that are gentle to the brain, which is the most important sound baseline for software. While the choice of sound effects is virtually endless, the essential sound is the intricately detailed and unchanging environmental sound of the rainforest that nurtured human genes, or information of the same quality. Strictly request that the sound and vibration have a structure. The upper frequency limit of these sounds far exceeds the upper limit of the audible frequency 20 kHz, and is about 100 kHz, ideally 130-150 kHz. Moreover, the rainforest type filled with unsteady fluctuations whose spectrum shape is constantly changing. It must be <Hypersonic Sound>. At the same time, the sound pressure level is greatly different from the current sound environment design methods and the current noise regulations, and the standard is about 50 dBA to 70 dBA, which is much higher than the value indicated by them. Such a sound bass line is quiet and comfortable in terms of sensibility, but it is not fertile when viewed as an information structure. Various sound structures with this as an essential baseline will be realized in the space where people live.

  The brain-friendly hypersonic sound standards shown here are based on ideas, design methods and technical specifications that have supported the reconstruction of all sound environments such as conventional environmental hygiene, environmental acoustics, BGM = environmental music, and soundscape. Is included, but the specification as a whole goes far beyond that. For this reason, existing methods, existing hardware, software, and sensory sensibility that make full use of them are almost completely out of the ordinary use, and almost all of them are completely renewed and necessary items are prepared again. I have to fix it.

  Specifically, both hardware and software are required to have excellent response performance and information contents up to a frequency range exceeding 100 kHz. As an apparatus system that satisfies such specifications, the present inventors have a sampling frequency of 5.6448 MHz, 3.072 MHz, and 2.72 MHz with a high-speed sampling 1-bit quantized signal processing system developed by Dr. Yoshio Yamazaki as the core. An ultra-wideband multi-channel A / D conversion / recording system such as 8224 MHz was constructed. In line with this, optical disc playback systems, amplification systems, and presentation speaker systems for playback apart from basic research, especially super tweeters with extremely high frequency response that are extremely difficult to develop, are all above 130 kHz. It has been developed under specifications that ensure the upper limit of response frequency.

  In this case, the spatial structure of the reproduced sound field is one-channel monaural or two-channel stereo, which shows a certain level of effectiveness, but ideally an omnidirectional three-dimensional sound field that expands back and forth, left and right, and up and down. The configuration of is desired. In addition, as one measure for realizing this omnidirectionality easily and practically, the present inventors recorded on five channels: <front left> <front right> <rear left> <rear right> <center>. We have developed an effective spatial coordination method named <Double Helical Matrix Method> that links the front and rear LRs vertically and horizontally while reversing them into a double helix.

  Furthermore, when deploying hypersonic sounds, which are essential sounds, in the field, the range of super-high frequency components and the spread of radiation directivity, which are the most important factors, are greatly limited compared to audible components. In addition, it is indispensable to carry out careful design such as increasing the installation density by limiting the distance from the sound source, increasing the distance, and eliminating the blind spot. The inventors of the present invention have built an entire system that satisfies these conditions, and have developed units that are weatherproof without degrading sound quality for outdoor use.

  5). Here we have to point out a new problem where the example considered before is probably not seen. The rainforest sound space, which is a model of the natural sound environment of mankind, has no walls and doors that block the environmental sound and allow the construction of separate sound spaces. In other words, the entire sound space is in almost perfect continuity and has no discontinuous faults. In addition to being unable to find grounds for ignoring this, it is safe to say that the continuity of the sound space to be built is at least safe, given the current situation that the fear of sound disruption impairing the warning system of the brain cannot be denied. is there. Therefore, structural and electronic media support that ensures that the same environmental sound exists on both sides of the various wall surfaces that chop the urban sound space, and that a certain level of sound continuity can be ensured even after passing through the door. It is required to develop and apply technology.

  Furthermore, environmental sounds that crack in the rainforest cannot be silent, that is, sound gaps, over time. Looking at the human reaction corresponding to this property, the sustainability of the effect induced by the rainforest type hypersonic sound is maintained only about 130 seconds after the sound disappears, and the brain function begins to deteriorate. In other words, the brain-friendly sound cannot be “listened” and must continue to flow around at 26 o'clock. In addition, the reverberation of the forest cannot have the same reverberation as a recording. Therefore, although it is extremely effective to create a sound environment by repetitively reproducing a high-density and complex content on a single disc with a playback time of about 112 hours, it is possible to achieve sound that should originally be. It cannot be determined that it is essentially unchanged. Given the incredible sensitivity and memory capacity of the sound environment that our brains have, the sound information that is supplied is ideally the same as the sound of the forest in the life of the recipient. Must be more desirable.

  As an example of a method developed by the present inventors as a countermeasure against this, there is the following. First, a sound source composed of a plurality of independent sound streams is constructed so as not to cause a failure in expression and function no matter how they are combined, and these are recorded on separate playback package media. At this time, since the time length per package is recorded so as to be a prime relationship with each other in units of seconds, for example, they are repetitively synchronously reproduced with an accuracy in which the mutual deviation is limited to 1/10 seconds or less. is there. Assuming that the first sheet is 3181 seconds and the second sheet is 3667 seconds, it takes 1,116,727 seconds or 135 days for the same combination to re-return after starting them simultaneously. In fact, the present inventors have used three optical disks as memories and extended the time until the same combination of sounds appears over and over by this technique to more than a thousand years.

  Realizing the “brain-friendly sound environment” promised by our genes in an artificial space in the city is nothing more than a difficult goal based on the conventional technological ideas. In order to do this ideally and strictly, for example, it has become a very strict issue, such as making rainforest-type ultra-high-density multidimensional sound information electronic media and continuing to supply it without interruption for more than a few decades. Because you have to face. Is there an answer that can be expected to have a sufficient effect on this extremely difficult problem? As one of them, the present inventors search for a rainforest or a natural ecosystem having a high-quality sound at a point around the equator on the longitude where the time difference is not so different from the region where the sound environment is constructed. An earth station that digitizes and transmits environmental information is installed at an appropriate location in the system, and the data is constantly transmitted using an ultra-high-speed communication satellite or a large-capacity network, and the “mapping” of the sound environment is the target space. It is envisioned to continue to develop. In addition, we are contemplating overcoming the time difference by developing ultra-large-capacity data storage exceeding 12 hours, and guiding information from every point with excellent environmental sound. Furthermore, as a highly natural hypersonic sound source, a sound generation system based on water movement is used. The present inventors have found that flowing water and falling water can generate super-high frequencies with fluctuations exceeding 130 kHz (FIGS. 23 and 24). Not only does this directly complement the environment, but the vibrations are converted into electronic signals from the air or water and taken out, and are supplied as real-time or sound recordings alone or in combination with other sounds. In addition, as will be described later, a music box that generates hypersonic sound in the field without electronic signal processing has been developed (FIGS. 21, 22, and 58).

  6). The construction of a sound environment based on such a methodology will probably have an overwhelmingly high proportion of artificial sounds including electronic media for the time being. When trying to approach the natural rainforest-type sound environment of mankind by creating such an environment, the assessment of safety and effectiveness must be highly rigorous to match the high specific gravity of artifacts. I must. In this case, the main axis is inevitably physiological evaluation, but the opposite sensitivity must be given a specific gravity that should not be inferior to it.

  <Physiological evaluation> is, above all, a challenge to customize non-invasive brain function analysis according to the purpose. A system that can make full use of multiple methods is desirable. In contrast, the present inventors have provided non-restrained electroencephalogram telemetry with FM multiplex communication of data, measurement of the concentration of neuroactive substances / immunological substances in body fluids, and large-scale non-invasive brain functions such as PET. Analysis and evaluation are conducted by organically linking multiple indicators such as analysis.

  Strictly speaking, <Psychological / Kansei evaluation> is nothing but an evaluation of one area of physiological response, which is the response of the emotional brain. Therefore, in order to make this evaluation successful, it is effective to construct an experiment plan by fully referring to the knowledge of the previous physiological evaluation experiment. In particular, it is essential to deal with the unique temporal asymmetry of the hypersonic effect. Furthermore, <Behavioral Evaluation>, which uses human behavior as an index of the total output of physiological and psychological responses as an index, exhibits excellent sensitivity and reproducibility when the experimental methods and conditions are properly designed. The result is highly valuable, and it is extremely valuable in that the final effect at the application site can be predicted through laboratory pilot experiments. Of course, in addition to these new and highly original methods, traditional methods such as dynamic surveys based on observations of people's behavior are extremely effective, and they provide valuable knowledge through appropriate settings and careful trials.

  Note that brain-friendly sound supplementation based on electronic technology, which is the core of the urban information environment reproduction plan that realizes improvement of the city's health and charm through mental and physical health and comfort, is based on land readjustment and buildings. Compared to construction, etc., the burden is far less technically, economically and psychologically. Nonetheless, the effects estimated from brain function analysis so far are based on the activity of the core brain at the heart of modern diseases, behavioral disorders, developmental disorders, and loss of comfort Through improving the decline, we can expect to reach a revolutionary level.

  The final decisive factor in actually promoting <Brain-friendly sound environment design> is decisive influence on the success or failure of things even though they cannot be expressed as "specifications" expressed by linguistic information. Involved in project managers such as general designers and producers. It is not limited to the ability to make full use of science and technology, but it is essential to be a creator, that is, a sound cook, who integrates and forms sensory sensations such as pleasure and beauty. In addition, he is an owner of personality and insight that can fully cook everything from secular issues such as systems, budgets, organizations, and system construction and operation to philosophical issues related to ecological cosmology. Whether or not the larger the project, the greater the outcome. It should be recognized that this is exactly the choice of human resources, and in many cases the biggest challenge rather than priority. It should be noted that it is dangerous to assess the human ability with the standard “explicit competition” when touching on the task of selecting people. For this, the eyesight of human resource identification based on the recognition of a new brain function model called “non-language brain body and language brain that sprung there” must be effective.

  7). Comparing the strategic tactics of sound environment that tries to harmonize sound, people and the environment with those of various other approaches so far, there is a very large and essential gap in the basics. Lying various. The most fundamental difference is in the relationship between sound and humans, where sound environmentalism is in a genetic deterministic position, while everything else was formed before the advent of such knowledge and thought, Seen in a position unrelated to them. In gene determinism, devices that process sound, that is, the brain and nervous system, are built on the basis of genetic design as well as all the activities of life, and their structure and function are finite and ingenious universal to mankind. Teach that there is a framework and that a substantial part of it is immutable. Combined with this recognition, it is effective to utilize new knowledge and information such as information environment science, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, brain science, and sensitivity science.

  This background leads to the recognition that the brain must be governed by a particularly rigorous framework at a physiological level, with regard to sensitivity and responsiveness to “sounds as the ultimate messenger from the environment”. According to it, the <Behavioral Control Unit> that constitutes the brain, especially its backbone network, is the original environment promised to human genes through sounds and vibrations coming from the environment, or life through adaptation efforts. Is likely to continue to create an opportunity to respond to the appropriate response by commanding the judgment results to the mind and body . The environmental study of sound pays attention to this point and measures the approach to the original sound environment promised by the gene based on the brain activity, and the structure of the sound that is not suitable enough to require serious adaptation efforts, especially He has envisioned and implemented a strategy of “designing a sound environment that is friendly to the brain” that creates the sound environment promised by human genes while avoiding as much as possible the structure of incompatible sounds that triggers self-disassembly.

  In this environmental strategy of sound environment, in the design of sound environment, there is an extremely clear and never-slight gap between the major approaches known so far that aim to harmonize and coordinate sound with people. I had to show it. First, it constitutes the first “essential information concept” of “sounds that must be”, that is, “essential sounds”, sets the norms, and specifies the information structure that is the standard on several indicators. , It has made a clear distinction with any framework related to sound environment design so far, in that it has revealed the negative effects that are led to the mind and body when the standard is not met. In addition, it is assumed that an environment where sound does not exist is highly abnormal and incompatible with human genes and the brain, and therefore silence cannot be considered as a standard or standard for investigating the relationship between humans and sounds. In terms of his position, it creates a fairly sharp discrepancy with other systems and ideas.

Inevitably from such a large gap, the sound space created from the sound environment design by the “environment-friendly sound environment” paradigm of sound environment has been created by all the sound environment design methods so far. Various major differences were shown everywhere. Among them, the sound pressure level is particularly remarkable. The baseline of the environmental sound that is designed the rainforest to norms, lower 50dBL _Aeq before and after, beyond the 70dBL _Aeq if high, most must be set to a higher sound pressure area becomes a target of the current noise regulations . Nevertheless, these well-designed sounds generate a sense of silence, comfort and do not make you feel noisy.

  Another essential difference from the conventional sound environment design is the existence of the essential sound that is the baseline, its wide frequency range and high complexity. The sound design so far has been done only within the range of audible sounds that can be perceived by the auditory sense, and the area beyond that is not covered. On the other hand, in “Design of Sound Environment Friendly to the Brain”, the basic aim is 100 kHz, which is five times higher than the upper limit of the audible frequency of 20 kHz, and if possible, try not to exclude components of about 150 kHz that exceed that. Yes.

  This aspect, which is very different from the conventional wisdom, is the essence of “Brain-friendly sound environment design”. The reason for this is that its validity and effectiveness are verified through the investigation of the global sound environment from a new perspective, various model experiments, and evaluation with multiple indicators centered on brain function analysis. The improvements in reliability and reliability that have been derived in this way are not quite different from current methods.

  This <brain-friendly sound environment design> has unprecedented features to guide the spread of applications. As a first step, a basic line of sound that satisfies the condition of <essential sound> is formed, and the basic condition is first prepared by maintaining this and adapting the sound environment to the brain. Of course, if you can achieve the final goal with this alone, you will not miss it. Furthermore, if a sound system including various objects and sequences is introduced as a “sound effect” on this baseline, it will be possible to create a sound structure that can be used for a wide variety of purposes and is friendly to the brain. come. Music can be included in the sound effect system to be entered here. It is also interesting in that it works to greatly relieve the individuality of the recipient's preference and the situational dependency of the reception that occur when only music is used as a complement to the sound environment. Furthermore, as a technique to introduce attractive “sound objects” while avoiding negative aspects such as emotional sensitivity effects with music's compelling force, individuality of taste, and situational dependence, as music to humans The construction method of <sound effect> that applies <12 sound technique> and <chance operation> as a technique for constructing a sound system that is difficult to evoke the action of sound has rationality.

  8). Here, let's introduce the specific mechanism of some application examples of <Brain-friendly sound environment design> (Fig. 59).

  First, an example of “Sleep Studio α” that provides deep and pleasant sleep in a short time to people working in an office in a city (FIG. 53). Here, a video image is flowed through a wall or indirect lighting with a 1 / f fluctuation structure in a studio designed and furnished for the purpose, and air introduces aromatic chemicals with temperature and humidity. And brought closer to the forest environment by control. Then, a hypersonic sound that leads the brain to a stress-free state from an ultra-high performance playback device is played as an essential sound and a sound effect. The listener lays down on a specially designed slightly slanted chair and listens to the sound while watching the video. This system was very talked about by providing an easy and easy sleep for an unspecified number of people. The music used here is "music" synchronized with video, which is a high-speed sampling of Balinese gamelan music filled with rainforest-type super-high frequencies and fluctuations, and female chorus using Bulgarian folk singing, etc. 1-bit quantization The material recorded in the field is edited according to the purpose. The point that invites sleep here is that sound is reproduced at a fairly high sound pressure level, and the sound pressure level frequently reaches about 60 to 70 dBA at the position of the listener, and 80 dBA is instantaneously reduced. Exhibits good effects in excess of the condition. This method is contrary to the notion that people with no sound are more likely to fall asleep, but here it is also interesting in that the large gap from the notion confirms the effectiveness of the brain-friendly sound environment design. In fact, the sound environment promised by human genes, rainforest nights, has a bass line around 50 to 60 dBA, and a sound hall full of surprisingly rich sounds that often exceeds 70 dBA in instantaneous values. Then this fact is never mysterious.

  An example of the huge water object “Aleph” exhibited as an outdoor pavilion at the “International Flower and Green Exposition” (EXPO'90) as an application of hypersonic effects to induce pleasure in a large festival space There is. Dozens of fountains (hundreds of nozzles) and one splitting device controlled centrally by computer and SMPTE time code in an artificial pond of 40,000 square meters named “Sea of Life” Was set up to act in sync with the transformation of water, lighting and music. This water production device demonstrates its power as an ultra-high frequency generator full of fluctuations, which is an essential element of hypersonic sound that enhances the activity of the brain core. Here, it was used in a state where both essential sounds and sound effects were used. In particular, the originally developed ice flow fountain, called Ice Flow, forms a huge water column that reaches a height of about 15 meters and a thickness of more than 5 meters. Makes a violent falling sound with splashes. By arranging this in line with the point where the audience was most thinly arranged and arranging the operation / stop and the amount of water, a powerful hypersonic sound shower envelops the audience. The sound pressure reaches a level exceeding 70 dBA depending on the position of the audience. In addition, the water splitting device with a structure of about 40 meters in length and 2.3 meters in height facing the surface forms a groove-like passage like the “Moses Road” between them. Performers in a siege attack of a tremendous hypersonic sound caused by a falling sound (FIG. 54). A fusion of these natural sounds and environmental sound recorded in the rainforest, folk instrument sounds such as gamelan and Jegog, electronic musical instruments, and music “Comet Symphony”, a six-channel multitrack sound. However, it exerts the effect of inducing intense hypersonic effects in many audiences. This expression strategy has shown an outstanding effect in attracting spectators and has succeeded in mobilizing the largest number of 6.7 million spectators in all EXPO'90 pavilions.

  The use of water as a sound source can be said to be one of the most effective methods for activating brain executives with the hypersonic effect. However, the use of water sound alone does not greatly exceed the scope of improving environmental comfort. On the other hand, the movement of water and the sound that it emits are incorporated at a remarkable level in the comprehensive production of sensibility information including macro-temporal changes such as light production, including objects of other sounds including music. In this way, the information environment will change dramatically, and festivities or festivities will be effectively included in the range. This hypothesis was supported by the great success of Aleph. Based on this water modeling "Aleph" and the original music "Comet Symphony" that also controls it, the international flower and greenery was designed to realize the sensational response of the festival at an unspecified number of crowd levels. There is an example of the landscape opera “Gaia”, which was held as the biggest event of the exposition (Figure 55). The center of the expansive EXPO'90 venue has been reconstructed as an expression space that fuses the stage and the audience, with a total of about 1,500 performers, about 50,000 people per audience, and about 2 hours of performance time It ’s a spectacle. The sounds consisted of pre-recorded music and environmental sounds, live music, fluctuations produced by the water production system, water sounds rich in super-high frequencies, and special effects (fireworks and explosives). In addition to the light production including laser, a new musical play form in which the landscape as a whole plays with a crowd play that includes the central water production and simultaneous occurrence is proposed as <Landscape Opera>.

  The theme, as the title of “Gaia” symbolizes, describes the interaction between nature and civilization that humanity leads from the birth of the earth celestial body, the destruction of the global environment, the awakening of humanity and the hymns of the earth. . Reflecting this, the expression of sound was also synchronized with the visual expression, depicting astronomical images such as eruptions and crustal movements, primitive rainforests and hunter-gathering life, classic and modern warfare. A magnificent augmented reality space in which the reality sounds that are strong in symbolism and often reach enormous sound pressures are presented in combination with electronic playback sounds, and the injustices are inseparably integrated, are very concretely appearing . Among these, the hypersonic sound siege attack in which the real sound emphasized by the impulsive shock wave generated by the super-high-frequency vibration and explosive explosion from the water directing device, and the music by live performance and recordings is powerful. It is the basis for guiding sensibility acupuncture, supporting the effects of this work from non-verbal unconscious dimensions, and encouraging tactics that lead casts and audiences to euphoria.

  We will describe an example of “Natural Mandala” that has created a sound environment of healing and peace in an art exhibition space where visual acupuncture held at a leading museum. Exhibiting ultra-high-density and high-complexity environmental art that uses a lot of aromatic natural materials, highlighting the ultra-wideband recordings of environmental sounds and water sounds in the rainforest to create a bass line of essential sounds, and various music A hypersonic sound composed of an object of sound and sound as a sound effect that is slightly interlaced with a distant view was presented. This sound flow is defined by the SMPTE time code, and guides the light effect in synchronization with it under computer control. The light production proceeds on the indicators of spatial distribution and change of illuminance, spatial movement of highlight area, and temporal change of color temperature. The aim is to realize healing and peace in terms of both physiology and sensibility by integrating these effects. This aim is right, and the feet of people who appreciate artworks clearly show a tendency to stay for a long time in this exhibition room. According to dynamic measurement data, this exhibition room is about three times as long as other exhibition rooms. I found out that I stayed in

  “Wianta Healing” is an example of media art that creates a healing effect by transplanting the concept of “Natural Mandala” to high-density audiovisual electronic media. The music work created as a hypersonic sound for the natural mandala is used as a base line of the whole media that acts as an indispensable sound and sound effect, and is edited and edited to enhance the healing effect as much as possible by synchronizing with the sound expression “Natural Mandala” 15-minute work edited and composed of high-definition images of the artwork. An example is shown in which this is presented to a viewer who takes a relaxed sitting position, and the transition of the activity of the brain EEG network activity and the activity of the index electroencephalogram α wave of the stress-free degree is shown. Starting from a state of high stress and no α-wave activity at the beginning, when you listen to it for about five minutes, the α-wave appears overwhelmingly dominant, and after a sufficient amount of time, the power is increased to the maximum level. Thereafter, this state is maintained (FIG. 56).

  About the example of “Sony Mediage Atrium” that created the sound environment of a huge atrium that is the core of a comprehensive commercial building. The space scale is about 700 square meters, the height is about 40 meters, the gallery consists of 6 layers, and the design level of the interior is very high. This space is a base for picking up and staying guests. Therefore, we have developed a hypersonic sound space that matches the artistic context to the molding structure of this space, and are conscious and unconscious to an unspecified number of visitors with diverse preferences while demonstrating hypersonic effects according to the symbol function. Work from both sides. By creating an impression of comfort and pleasure in this way, it was envisaged to invite customers to this newly built building. The sound space is a two-channel stereo x three-channel six-channel sound field so that independent stereo images can be formed in the front-rear, left-right, and up-down directions. The sound source composition is composed of natural environmental sounds edited by adding real sounds of Central Europe and Eastern Europe to the environmental sounds of multiple rainforests, and this is a liturgical chorus of the Eastern Church (Orthodox Church) with two-channel stereo, The electronic sound synthesized by analog processing was added as a sound effect to form a six-dimensional configuration. These are played on three Hypersonic SACD players with enhanced characteristics in the ultra-high frequency range, and their output signals are individually controlled by a matrix signal controller. Each set of four 146 speaker systems is unique. It was driven in the signal mixing state. As a result, omnidirectional stereo images can be enjoyed at all points such as passageways, escalators, and rest benches, increasing the reality.

  This system uses not only electronic circuits and speakers but also carefully examined components such as cables, and converts the ultra-high density, complexity, and transformability of software into actual air vibrations at a fairly high level. (FIG. 57). For this reason, the sound space makes people feel the beautiful and pleasant reality that they have never experienced before. This commercial building has a target of 6 million visitors in the opening year, but the actual number of visitors exceeds 10 million and greatly exceeds the target. As one of the background, it is estimated that the construction of this sound environment has made a great contribution.

  About "Hypersonic Music Box" developed as a direct sound generator without using electronic system. Focusing on the metal sound generation mechanism of disc-type music boxes, in cooperation with Sankyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., a music box manufacturer with unrivaled technical capabilities, we have developed a vibration generation mechanism and acoustic processor that are completely different from the classical method. Developed and created a sound source that works as a real machine. This system produces a very attractive hypersonic sound that is rich in high frequency components above 120 kHz and very complex fluctuations. Visual design has also been formulated, and it is expected to be used widely in spite of its early development (FIGS. 21, 22, and 58).

  9. In the above, we have presented some examples with different tendencies in “environment-friendly sound environment design” based on sound environment studies. These are based on the common principle of ensuring a high-density, high-complexity, transformable sound baseline that activates the human deep brain as an essential sound. We are promoting the development and are effective. Compared to the conventional framework of sound and people, “Sleep Studio α”, “Wianta Healing”, “Hypersonic Music Box” are passive music therapy, and “Natural Mandala” is BGM. / Environmental music, “Mediage Atrium” plays a role overlapping with acoustic (soundscape) design. However, in terms of the contents and effects, I think that there is a tendency to show a great gap. In many cases, the outcome can be measured, analyzed, and evaluated on some sort of indicator, often making a clear difference in effectiveness from examples that have been made with traditional methods aimed at similar objectives. Show.

  However, there is an important issue that needs attention. Based on the principle of “environmentally friendly sound environment design”, it is effective to have a rainforest-type ultra-dense, complex, and transformable sound baseline as an “essential sound”. Strictly speaking, this may not apply to the concepts of “improvement” and “improvement”. Taking into account the existence of the original sound environment suitable for the gene, the harvest brought about by the `` brain-friendly sound environment design '' is the air vibration that makes the environment we now have become the essential `` essential sound ''. Isn't it just a proof of being in a state of extinction? In other words, the effect of hypersonic sound as the bass line of sound should be understood as contributing only to “recovery” of nature or “treatment” of modern diseases rather than “improvement” or “improvement”. right. As a negative image of the effectiveness of brain-friendly sound environment design that applies hypersonic effects, the sound of cities that have a high possibility of being left unsolved after the conventional sound environment improvement measures concludes its resentment has `` The existence of a pathology of “lack of essential information” cannot be highlighted.

<3-4-3> Grand design of the environment sought by genes.
1. “Environment-friendly sound environment design” created by sound ecology measures the construction of a sound environment based on “essential sounds” that have a rainforest-type information structure that nurtures human genes. The strategy has demonstrated an unprecedented effect that leads to harmony between sound and people. Then, is the sound environment problem accessible to the ultimate solution by investigating this direction? In this regard, the inventors tried a series of experiments.

  First, while listening to the audible range component of Balinese gamelan music, a slide (still image) of a photograph of the rainforest is presented with varying image density, and the brain wave α wave of the viewer is measured. Then, the power of the α wave increases as the image density increases. Surprisingly, this trend extends to a density that “can't be seen” beyond the upper limit of the visual acuity of the subject's Landolt ring. Further, when the image content is changed from a simple geometric pattern to a highly complex fractal pattern, the α wave power increases accordingly. In other words, just as in the case of sound, in the case of optical information that stimulates vision, the activity of the brain increases from a low-density and simple urban information structure toward an ultra-high-density and complex rainforest information structure. Is growing. Thus, the present inventors named the phenomenon that the brain is activated not only by sound but by environmental information having high density and complexity exceeding the perception limit as <hyperreal effect>.

  Next, the electroencephalogram α wave power when listening to the sound only in the audible range while viewing a normal NTSC format video image is measured. Next, measuring the brain wave when listening to the same sound in the state of hypersonic sound including super high frequency while watching the same video image, the power of α wave appears stronger than expected when the sound is only in the audible range, It shows that it works as a “brain-friendly” sound even when watching a movie. So, what happens if the video to be presented is switched to a higher definition (HD) format with higher definition instead of the normal NTSC format while listening to the sound including this super-high frequency? In fact, as the image density is increased, the power of the α wave is further enhanced. In other words, when both sound and light are both denser and closer to the rainforest type, stronger alpha wave power appears and shows the best compatibility with the brain, whereas only sound or light If so, it will not reach that (Fig. 60).

  This experiment suggests that our brain activity is not limited by sound, light, or information from a single pure individual circuit, such as temperature, humidity, and scent. It cannot be denied that we are responding comprehensively and comprehensively to the information input from. In order to be an “ultimate brain-friendly sound environment”, all environmental information other than sound must have a rainforest-type structure promised by the human brain and genes. By the way, even in the application of <Augmented Reality>, which is the effective method for reconstructing the sound environment at present, the environmental environment of sound sets the widest possible perspective and designs the overall information environment. It should be desirable to do. In particular, as to the sound information and optical information that are the best of remote messengers from the environment, it is difficult to obtain good results without linking them together, as the above-mentioned knowledge shows.

  By integrating this sound environment with the light environment, etc., and trying to design a comprehensive information environment that is “brain-friendly”, that is, the “ground design for a brain-friendly environment” is a “brain-friendly sound environment design”. In the same way as the case of〉, it means to trigger a dramatic change in the whole of modern environmental design. There is a possibility that a considerable part of the city planning and residence design so far will not be effective in optimizing the brain function, will be reviewed as an impediment, or will be forced to leave. At the same time, it may lead to new design principles that are different in dimension from any theories or styles of current urban planning and residence design, and may be forced to implement them as essential.

  The biggest problem here is the high density and complexity of information unique to the rainforest type information environment. For sound, the frequency band is several times higher than the audible frequency band and a fluctuation structure of a rich spectrum. For light, it has a spatial density exceeding the limit of visual acuity and various fractal structures. Moreover, from the findings of the inventors' own experiments, it is surprising that if the information density of both sound and light is reduced to a range that can be perceived by humans, it can exceed the perception. It clearly reduces the activity of the recipient's brain than in the density state.

  These facts tell the surprising truth that the health of our brain function cannot be maintained with information within the range that can be recognized by consciousness and perception. In other words, our brain's activity is only maintained healthy for the first time by the existence of an ultra-dense, complex, almost completely non-verbal information world that extends far beyond consciousness and even beyond perception. It will be. In this information world that is metabolized by ultra-high speed and large capacity, there is no room for the activity of <Language Brain Module> with low speed and small capacity to follow at least directly. In other words, the “Hyperreal Effect”, which works so strongly to the mind and body beyond perception, is outside the range of Cartesian language brain function, almost completely being seized by the non-verbal brain body. For Western modern and contemporary living culture codes, including urban planning, this perception means that a very serious blank area has been discovered. As evidenced by this, it must be said that the reduction in the density of sound and light information in living spaces where civilization has progressed, especially in cities, has already advanced to a dangerous level based on our research findings. .

  Comprehensive design and construction of “total information environment friendly to the brain” that is expected to be extended as a condition for realizing the “brain-friendly sound environment” at the highest level, the reaction of the brain in which sound and light are linked Suggest that you need it and ask for it. It is a state in which a highly complex information structure with a temporal and spatial density that greatly exceeds the perceptual limit, as well as a rainforest, is environmentalized for both sound information and optical information that are at least remote messengers from the environment. Must be. At the same time, it is hoped that messengers responsible for close environmental information, such as temperature and humidity, atmospheric components including aromatic chemicals, and ion composition, will bring a message as close as possible to the rainforest.

  The design philosophy of living information environment with seeds that meet such demands can be found as traditional knowledge in Japanese mansion forests, tsubiwa, tea bowls, etc. On the other hand, it is difficult to ask in the modern civilization or the Western European civilization that became its mother. Let's examine this mainly by focusing on remote optical (visual) information.

  2. <Village> that became the simplest settlement base of human beings after abandoning hunting and gathering and leaving the rainforest and its natural evolution form <country town> We can see with our own eyes that it is spontaneous and more likely to reflect the dominance of sexual genes. In such a living environment, it is easy to suppress deviations beyond the limits of the “genuine information environment friendly to the brain” promised by the gene. At the same time, in many cases, biological properties (behavior control based on emotions and sensibilities) in which the inclination and fluctuation in the direction away from the nature autonomously recovers are also effective. On the other hand, after the civilization grew up and entered the urban residential framework, such a control mechanism lost its effectiveness significantly, greatly reducing the centripetal power of the environment promised by the gene, while the information environment left its originality. The tendency to leave it drifting becomes prominent.

  As the civilization historian Luis Mumford, who has a strong interest in human settlements, called it a “city as a container for multiple civilizations,” a city is an artificial crucible that serves as a base for embodying civilization. It is none other than. With almost no exception, the difference between the program system, which describes all of human life activities, and the original mechanism and function of the brain, which is the central device of information processing, is increased. Leads to inconsistencies. Against this background, the conflict between the city and human nature has been imprinted in the history of mankind with almost all civilization-like attributes. In response to this problem, the present inventors have opened a new perspective by introducing a framework of information environment science.

  The main reason for this problem is the city's inherent bias over the resilience to the original environment promised by the gene. One of them is a top-down type that exerts power in a direction that deviates from its originality through pressure devices such as authority, power, or economic value. The other is a bottom-up type that is unavoidably activated for the individual to live, and often expresses a program of thought and behavior that is highly adaptive or beyond its limits. Although these two are opposed to each other, one is superior, the other is inferior, or cooperates, in a full-scale urban information environment, in most cases, it goes to the original environment promised by the gene It shows the effect of increasing the vector of pathology that obstructs and reverses the flow. This diagram highlights the civilization and the fate of the city as its container.

  3. Historically looking at the transition of urban information environment design in Western civilizations, it is common that until ancient times, medieval times, and early modern times, apart from the form, it is controlled exclusively by the power of time. was. In addition to functions such as governance, defense, rituals, trade, entertainment, etc. in addition to residence, there are considerable sensibility designs such as dignity, mystery, samurai, brilliant as a representation of power and authority or as indicators of wealth and people It is emphasized. In other words, there is a tendency that the normative and symbolic aspects of functions and applications are relatively prioritized, which sometimes contributes to the prevention of sensuous information environment degradation. In addition, these are mostly environmentalized as optical information that appeals to the eyes, and the scene where sound information plays such a role is quite limited in terms of time and space, such as the Church Bell.

  This principle of urban information environment design will change drastically in the modern times led by the civil and industrial revolutions. It is the rise of urban environmental design that takes cities as containers for developing civilization activities and accepts the priority of their functions and uses. Based on the new recognition of “a society that is composed of a collection of free and equal individuals who have been granted basic human rights”, it is natural that the design of cities should be designed according to their free will at the personal property level. Priority was given and the situation was reflected in the entire city. As a result, the unified control by the absolute power of the former collapsed, the priority of the Kansei information environment quality and the uniformity of the design are lost, and the linkage and harmony in the design of the part and the whole are in danger. It was.

  As a typical example, the freedom and liberalism of the commercial and industrial economy acquired by emerging industry bourgeoisies, led by Adam Smith and others, is slaved to uses and functions rather than the design of a new environment of an industrial city. There is an environment where the smoke and noise generated by the de-designed construction under the condition is lost. This kind of decline in environmental quality that appeared as a unique product of modern times led to a social movement that reclaimed urban design from liberation, triggered by the misery of the “Coke City” that broke out in Britain. became.

  Environmental control has emerged as perhaps the first autonomous brake on historical principles against principles such as the involuntary freedom of the individual gained by the civil revolution, the non-restraint of expressions including design, or the voluntary nature of profit pursuit It is worth noting that it was the concept of “city planning” with the idea of the city as its core. It has been attracting attention as a material environmental problem such as respiratory diseases and the spread of infection that are caused by air and water pollution, and social problems such as overpopulation and improved treatment of industrial workers. connected.

  After the historical transformation of city planning to take off to urban planning, planning design principles and methods based on various ideas, aesthetics or values framework-broad ideology-were proposed, some of which were put into practice. It is now being transferred. However, almost all urban design principles to date have been conceived before the establishment of genetic determinism and the development of brain science, and as with existing sound environment design, life supported by new knowledge We have not prepared a framework based on scientific rationality. In that respect, it is difficult to rely on the “Grand Design for the Gentle Brain-Environment Promised by the Genes” that we seek, but it goes without saying that we have to learn Full of knowledge, ideas, and experiences.

  In the course of modern urban planning in Western Europe, human health has been mainly focused on separating the smoke and power sound that fills the coke city in the UK and the living space, and the project separating the human waste and living space in Paris, France. Individual solutions to urgent problems at the material level that directly lead to successful survival were preceded. In parallel with these getting on track, the idea system of modern city planning that comprehensively envisions the overall structure of the city emerges, and the present invention is within the framework of “the aesthetic of the city” that forms part of it. We have come to see the situation where the “design of information environment” is included.

  These modern and contemporary city plans often tend to make a kind of utopian-oriented proposal based on a specific working hypothesis, with some idea method or method system as a slogan. Among them, the most classic but still highly evaluated are known as “the city of tomorrow” by Ebenezer Howard and the “evolving city” by Patrick Geddes, who are the ancestors of modern city planning. . In particular, Howard's model emphasizes the naturalness of human beings and emphasizes the brightness of the sun, fresh air, pure and abundant water, and the beauty of nature. However, with regard to sound, no norms or materials are found that satisfy the philosophy.

  Alongside Howard's rural city, Le Corbusier's “functionalist city planning” model is one of the major influences on the world urban planning. In contrast to Howard, he took a very positive and optimistic position on science and technology civilization, and expressed a house as a “machine to live in” and proposed a form of formation (purism) that requires an image from the machine. It is. Its activities tend to be ideological and noble with partisanism, and established and led the International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM) as the mission base for the idea. It became one of the epicenters of the inorganic design with a simple shape that insists on the functionality that reminiscent of Western architecture in the latter half of the 20th century and abolishes the decorativeness. There, the bioinformatics effects including the quality of information environment are almost completely out of consideration, and the attitude of grasping the design from the aspect of purely material use activity is thorough.

  The function of the city is defined by four items of residence, labor, entertainment and transportation according to the CIAM “Athens Charter”, and the purpose of the city planning was to fully satisfy these functions. This framework shows the commonality with Howard's rural city in terms of conception of the sun, air, and green as conditions for an excellent living environment. However, in terms of design, the ancient Greek-oriented geometric pattern is used as a norm for shapes suitable for machine civilization, and the concept of emphasizing straight lines and right angles is proposed. It leads to frequent occurrence of a uniform pattern with gray boxes. And with regard to sound, we cannot clearly see the traces of special interest and scrutinized guidelines. Like Howard and Geddes models ...

  The simple and clear function setting of functionalist city planning is divided into functional areas, as is typical of Le Corbusier's representative proposal, “The Three Million Modern City”. It encourages the trend of monofunctional divisions on a historical and international scale, reflecting the uniqueness of modern civilization. In many cases, such spatial “partitioning” accompanied by the unifunctionalization of urban functions reflects the polarization of the structure of environmental information. It shows signs before the modern city planning, and in particular, the tendency to consolidate forest parks into large minorities and become a base. A typical example can be seen in the Boulogne Forest in Paris and Central Park in New York.

  4). The structure of a city in which forest parks are largely grouped into a small number has become quite common in modern times. However, from the point of view of the present inventors with a view to hyper-realistic effects, it must be a serious problem. This is because the forest, which is an excellent source of ultra-high density and high complexity information friendly to the brain, is greatly separated from the nearby living space where it can exert physiological effectiveness, leading to uneven distribution and allocation. . For “design of the brain-friendly environment”, it means invalidating high-quality information resources and cannot be overlooked.

  Forestry environment information such as trees and insects, from the Baroque style in the early days of urban planning to the current avant-garde design theory, and even in the plan to advocate <Forest Cities> like Tapioola in Finland Note that there is no explicit norm or scientific standard for the exchange of information between the source of information and the person who receives it, which is virtually left to the discretion of the designer. is necessary. Of course, in recent years, in order to deter the <heat island phenomenon> based on the surface of the city being covered with concrete or asphalt, the area of greening area per site is being systematically measured. However, there is still no life science point of view of the adaptation of the information environment to the brain.

  These are unavoidable as limitations before the present inventors' idea of securing ultra-high density and high complexity environment information essential for the brain for healthy survival in the living space. However, it is difficult to make the idea of an existing powerful city plan in which the awareness of the problem is in a blank state, as it is, function in our “Grand Design for a Brain-friendly Environment” as it is. This is because the idea of suppressing the time-space divergence between the information source and the consumer is still lacking. From the point where the present inventors are trying to find experimentally, in order that the sound information and the light information of remote reception can be a brain-friendly message, the density is the upper limit of the perceptual density possessed by human hearing and vision. At least several times higher, and a specially complex structure must be included. Needless to say, the ideal source of such information is the rainforest, but even a forest that is not so must be a more relevant source than anything else.

  In spite of the fact that it was not conscious at all here, an extremely important problem is the effective range of ultra-high-density, high-complexity optical information and sound information transmitted by the ecosystem and required by the brains of the present inventors. The serious fact is that the distance is very small compared to the size of the city. For example, in complex air vibration exceeding 100 kHz, which is effective as sound information that is “brain-friendly”, it is ignored while flying several meters due to the natural law that the higher the frequency component, the more easily the power is attenuated while propagating in the air. There is a risk that the very high frequency component of the core will be attenuated at a level where it cannot be done, and the effect will decline.

  Optical information, on the other hand, is composed of cells with a size of several tens of microns in the biological structure centering on the plants that make up the forest, and has a submicron-sized <organelle> as its internal structure. Because they have a hierarchy of more microscopic biopolymers, they have virtually infinitely fine structures. Theoretically, the optical signal is not attenuated according to the transmission distance so much that it cannot be compared with sound. However, with a fine structure and a pattern that is extremely complex, it is impossible to maintain a signal structure that can be sensuously stimulated unless sent from a close range. By the way, as the <Air Perspective>, which occupies an important position in traditional Japanese and Chinese painting techniques, the air layer spreading between the objects is proportional to the thickness of the optical information. Decrease degree, brightness, and saturation. Therefore, the appearance of the forest located in the distance has greatly lost the ultra-high density and high complexity as optical information, and it is expected to increase the activity of the brain like the visual image given by planting in front of the eyes. Is difficult.

  Furthermore, the high level of brain activity, which is derived from rainforest-type ultra-high-density, high-complexity light and sound information, is a long time after the input stimulation has stopped, as seen from the changes in brain wave alpha wave power. It cannot be maintained, and after about two to three hundred seconds, there is a high possibility that it will drop to <low level>. Therefore, even if you can visit a good forest park and activate your brain with its environmental information, if the forest itself is far away, the effect will disappear at the beginning of the return journey.

  As long as there is such a mechanism, strictly speaking, we can only maintain a healthy state of the brain only by staying in the forest and staying together with the source of ultra-high density and high complexity information. It can be maintained. The effect cannot be expected from the far-sighted view and the sound that crawls away. In this respect, the conventional city planning that leaves the information structure of the urban environment to temporal and spatial differentiation and allocation is very difficult to harmonize with the principle of the “environment friendly to the brain” of the present inventors. Even forest parks such as the Boulogne Forest in Paris, the Grienewald in Berlin, the Forest in Vienna and the Central Park in New York are separated and independent in a state far away from the living space. It must be said that there is a big limit to its effectiveness.

  In this way, in the “Grand Design for the Environment Friendly to the Brain”, which requires ultra-high-density environmental information, both light and sound information, regardless of whether it is a natural product or a man-made product, are brought to a close range. Ask to secure. When this information environment configuration condition was introduced, regardless of whether all of the information sources were natural ecosystems or a system that complemented a considerable part with artifacts, It will be understood that it must be rebuilt in something fundamentally different from the present.

  One solution is to build an information environment based on the phase space principle in which the entire structure is embedded in the structure of the part. Specifically, all of the ultra-dense, high-complexity information environment elements, including the parks that make up the perfect city of perfection, are included in every small area of the city, Takes the form of distributed distribution. Ultimately, this means that a forest-type ultra-high-density, high-complexity information environment can be realized in the private room.

  5). Here, there is little overlap with the sound environment design as to what the “ground design for the environment friendly to the brain” will be, but it is based on the phase space principle about the essence that can be considered now. Let's outline.

  First, it is as close as possible to the environmental information of a tropical forest that is infinitely complex and unchanging. For this purpose, it would be most desirable to create a rainforest-type forest ecosystem itself, but as a practical solution, if it is to be supplemented with man-made products, At least, as the sound information, ultra-wideband air vibrations with a rich fluctuation structure reaching 100 kHz or higher at the position of the receiver in accordance with the sound of the actual rainforest are supplied. This corresponds to five times or more of the human audible frequency upper limit of 20 kHz.

  For light information, the actual state of forests is infinitely detailed. However, when supplemented by artificial means, it is necessary to subtly exceed the standard visual discrimination threshold of humans, as in the case of sound information. Assuming an ultra-high-density residential wall with a viewing angle of 0.002 degrees or less, which corresponds to five times the spatial density of 0.01 degrees, the density exceeds the current high-definition TV standard by about an order of magnitude. The goal is to provide information on fractal structure and its transformation, and we would like to make it a provisional realistic response to continue to study.

  Here, there is a problem that needs attention when supplying optical information as a video image. Naturally, the retina of an animal is typically given continuous light input both spatially and temporally. On the other hand, in a video image, first, a linear drawing from left to right is sequentially advanced from the upper stage to the lower stage by the <scanning> procedure, and one <frame> is drawn, and then this frame is displayed. Takes the form of a discontinuous slide show that is rewritten every 1/30 second. The afterimage nature of the human eye is only perceptually misrecognized as a continuous input. Therefore, strictly speaking, it is required to develop a method for recording, transmitting, and reproducing images that are temporally and spatially continuous without being discontinuous by scanning or frames.

  As mentioned earlier, ultra-high-density, high-complexity information easily loses many of its characteristics while propagating in the air. Therefore, it is possible to realize an environment where sound and light are both environmentally friendly with information transmitted from information sources located in close proximity to the recipient, preferably within 10 meters from the recipient. desirable. In order to solve these problems realistically, it is effective to develop ultra-high density media technology that complements the urban information environment with a reproduction system that has deployed transducers nearby.

  Secondly, the artificial information space to be complemented or constructed is matched to the information space of the omnidirectional rainforest, and the temporal and spatial continuity of information is secured between the interior and adjacent spaces. Therefore, it is desirable to construct a full surround environment in all directions of left and right, front and rear, and top and bottom for the artificial complement of the sound environment having the highest omnidirectional sensitivity in environmental perception. The rainforest is characterized by a continuous information space with no walls or doors and no auditory or visual barriers to block environmental sounds or landscapes. With regard to visual information, the requirement for compatibility with the brain at this point may not be so high considering that discontinuity of visual information is caused by closing eyes. In contrast, hearing is always open in all directions. Therefore, the construction of a sound space that does not break even when passing through the door is desired preferentially over vision. The structure of the visual space connected to somewhere is also the next most important. In order to realize them, it is difficult to respond only by the design method and experience of the current block, building, indoor structure, and incidental facilities. It is necessary to develop a new design technique based on the change of ideas.

  Thirdly, it is necessary to realize the “flow of environmental information that is never interrupted” unique to the rainforest. In the information environment of a rainforest, spatio-temporal patterns of information with the same structure cannot appear repetitively. The fact that our brain has evolved in such a rainforest means that we have not come across an information structure that can be accurately repulsed at regular intervals. It must be safe to avoid such information structures. In order to realize this non-repellency of total environmental information in a high-density living space of a city with high efficiency and reliability, the above-mentioned method for sound environment is expanded and the existing rainforest-type environmental information is converted into electricity. A high-level solution is to convert the signal into a signal in real time if the time difference is not significant, or if the time difference cannot be ignored, temporarily stock it in the data storage to overcome the time difference and continue to deliver to the urban environment. It becomes. More simply, including the package media, applying the same principle as the method of applying a system that combines the individual playback times of multiple data memories that are operated in synchronism with each other in a prime relationship developed for the sound playback system. Development of non-repetitive media technology that avoids the occurrence of repetitive information in environmental information generation systems will also be effective.

  Fourth, develop a way to comprehensively optimize the total artificial information space utilizing electronic media. This is related to physical and chemical events such as temperature, humidity, wind, atmospheric components, and ion concentration of a real ideal rainforest-type environment with a small time difference, in accordance with the principle described in the third section above. The total environmental information ranging from information to sensory sensibility information that becomes stimuli such as auditory, visual, and olfactory information is converted into electrical signals with high fidelity, and the information is transmitted to the urban environment in real time using high-speed communication satellites and large-capacity networks. By reproducing it as an environment, the task can be achieved at a very high level. Of course, the elimination of the time difference through the development of ultra-high-speed, ultra-large-capacity multi-dimensional data storage would also be effective here.

  Fifth, it is necessary to deal with the reality that no matter how highly man-made artifacts are, there is no guarantee that they can completely replace the rainforest nature. In this case, it is extremely difficult to realize a rainforest type environment in the urban environment, and the reality is unavoidable in the short and medium terms. Therefore, on the other hand, the real answer is to realize a brain-friendly environment that is highly dependent on the complementation with artificially created information, and at the same time symbiosis with nature. In this case, it is probably essential, but at least safe, that living natural objects with some of the information characteristics of the rainforest exist in the target space. It is indispensable to promote the creation of symbiotic technology between natural and artificial objects to suppress artificialness that is incompatible with the brain inherent in urban environments. This problem is commonly associated with the fact that the more synthetic foods are on the one hand, the more secure and ingested natural foods are required on the other hand.

  To that end, development of natural high-density sound sources that vibrate in real time in the target space and development of editing, distribution, and playback technologies that do not go through the encoding of digitized environmental information will be effective. Specifically, the development of “live sound sources” that are equivalent to organic farming vegetables that are pesticide-free, such as hypersonic music boxes and water sounds that directly transmit fluctuating ultra-high frequencies, and discrete coding systems It is expected to develop super-analog communication technology that does not involve conversion into, for example, a video transmission method that overcomes the temporal and spatial division of fields and frames of current electronic video and the discontinuity of digitization.

  In addition, it will be a highly novel issue to develop a technology for constructing living spaces that organically incorporate natural living systems (plants and small animals including insects) in close proximity. As mentioned above, as a technical resource, the man-made forests, teahouses, and tsuboi gardens, which are included in Japanese traditional traditions, are attracting attention. By developing a method that connects the principles of environmental design and the principle of designing blocks, buildings, and indoors that combine high-performance media information technology, it is linked to full-scale insults.

  Based on this concept, the present inventors develop the “Grand Design of the Environment Friendly to the Brain Promised by Genes” and spread the sound as a new environmental design paradigm.

  6). In retrospect, the modern type of civilization that has been nurtured as a container for modern civilizations is a modern science and technology civilization that has matured as a “material civilization” but at a remarkably simple stage as an “information civilization” Strongly reflects the asymmetry and completeness of. It is not irrelevant to first dividing the material world and the spirit world based on Cartesian dualism. In addition, with regard to hardware based on the physical world, we take fundamental scientific and rational responses through the target locations, materials, structures, etc. and the science and engineering and industrial technologies that serve as the means, together with their effectiveness. Safety and reliability are also maintained with a high level of sophistication. There, however, the perception of the spiritual world must be excluded according to dualism.

  On the other hand, for software based on the Cartesian spirit world, all designs such as the design, landscape, and sound environment (excluding noise regulations) outside and inside the target city blocks and buildings are also subject to dualism. The principles of “artistic conduct” and “freedom of creation”, which are independent of material science, are applied. Has reached the present. It is in the conception stage before the recognition of the “information environment” and its assessment as a life science concept, and excluding the mechanical structural and functional requirements, the effectiveness, safety and trust in life information science There is no question about sex, in other words, “kindness to genes and brain”. There, the low-density and simple linguistic information that can be captured by the consciousness and the perception / cognitive function that is the raw material of the consciousness is emphasized. It was. As long as these modern and contemporary design ideas are applied at the city planning and building levels, the mechanism to reduce the density and complexity of environmental information to a dangerous level in terms of brain function is expected as a mechanism. Would be difficult to do.

  Let's look back at the path that this Cartesian negative heritage has made the modern city deviate from the “brain-friendly environment promised by the gene” from the perspective of reducing the density of light environment information. The arrow may be traced back to the iron and glass structure designed by Joseph Buxton for the first World Exposition in London (1851). Ideally, in the first half of the 20th century, the National Museum of Art and Design <Bauhaus> in Weimar, Germany, became one of the bases, focusing on Walter Globius et al. Design was advocated and had a great impact on practice. Mies van der Rohe, who became the principal at the end of Bauhaus, advocated the famous slogan “Less is more”, and clarified the idea of reducing the density of the optical information environment. Yes. The direction of this Bauhaus was succeeded in a more radical state to <CIAM>, where Le Corbusier was based, and after the Second World War, it was a uniform "gray square concrete" in the urban space of Western civilization. Created a landscape where "boxes" stand. Here, the simple and inorganic design that eliminates the decorativeness directed by functionalism and concentrates on geometric shapes has the effect of drastically reducing the density of the optical information environment appealing to human vision and expanding the incongruity with the brain. It cannot be denied that it will be accompanied.

  Designed as an inevitable reaction to the functionalism symbolized by the "square concrete box", the design of <Post-Modernism> is the architect Robert Venturi, who applied the “less is more” of Van der Rohe. As it is seen in the irony of “Less is bore”, it is moving away from a geometrically inorganic design with less information. They were oriented to the introduction of historical styles, including the distinction between simple geometric forms of buildings and blocks and the restoration of decorativeness. This trend has been developed in a variety of ways, coupled with the fact that CAD (Computer Aided Design), which was put into practical use in earnest since the late 1970s, was ready to design complex structures. Nonetheless, its actual appearance depends on the form of the roof intricately built by Robert Venturi's house (designed by Robert Venturi), a post-modernist monument, and by the AT & T building in New York (designed by Philip Johnson). However, the focus is mainly on the macro shape of the exterior and interior of the building. On the other hand, micro spatial areas that exceed the limits of perception are still not of interest, and post-modernism is therefore an urban environment of ultra-high-density optical information that enhances brain functions inherent in modern urban planning and architecture. Without taking a step away from the limit of "loss from", of course, it remains in a paradigm that has nothing to do with recovering it.

  7). When reorganized, in modern urban planning and environmental measures, all sound environments (including acoustic design by soundscape) except for environmental noises that are currently excluded are included, landscapes and molding, and The paradigm involved in the design of all lighting environments, including decoration, was not questioned as to its physiological effectiveness and safety as software belonging to a system different from science. However, new knowledge of brain science and information environment, such as <equivalence model of matter and information> and <programmed self-disassembly model>, makes software artistic and aesthetic optional. It can no longer be denied that continuing to entrust everything can lead to mental and physical disabilities and life-threatening through pathological transformation of brain activity. Urban software is now designed and built with scientific and rational procedures no less than that of urban hardware, and quickly transitions to a system where its effectiveness and safety can be also scientifically predicted and evaluated. It is time to do it.

  However, on the other hand, it cannot be denied that this conflicts very sharply with the modern knowledge structure that begins with Cartesian dualism, which firmly controls modern society everywhere, and the social structure that reflects it. Now, it is essential to develop ideas and conceptual tools that support this hurdle as smoothly as possible. As one of them, I believe that the paradigm of “Grand Design for the Environment Friendly to the Brain Promised by Genes” deserves priority.

  This is because, on the stage of gene determinism, which is a feature of this paradigm, the method of placing a specific device of life, the brain, as the center of interest is the key to overcoming Cartesian dualism or forcibly. This is because it exhibits a specific effectiveness in the expiration. From the perspective of the spiritual world, empirically it is no longer possible to deny that the brain is the organ responsible for the work of the mind, including emotion, reason, and sensitivity. Overturning this is a fact for those who sympathize with the philosopher Edmund Husserl's philosophy, who wants to believe only in consciousness, and for those who sympathize with John Eccles, a brain scientist who has resolutely held mind and body dualism. It can be said that it is already in a difficult stage. At the same time, the present inventors are in a situation where brain science is effective for the first time in history. Throughout the 20th century, empirical research using brain damage as a material and analytical research using electrophysiological techniques have progressed based on a solid foundation, including precise anatomy. In addition to these, the breakthroughs in molecular biology of neurons and non-invasive brain function analysis have brought the brain, which has been the ultimate black box so far, to a scientific approach as a material machine for information processing. It became a place that could be a target. As a result, materials that reasonably understand the mechanisms and functions of the brain are accumulating very rapidly. This development of brain science, coupled with the development of electronic information science and technology, is transforming the modern civilization of science and technology, which is at the top of the form of “material civilization”, to the “information civilization” side. With such a background, it can be said that the time has come to introduce “Grand Design for a Gentle Brain-Friendly Environment” as a new historical issue.

  Approaching the pathology that ultimately culminates the hardware and software of the city as a container of civilization from both theoretical and applied aspects, and reviving rather than regenerating the information environment that has collapsed while turning into an urban type In itself, this means reviewing modern academic, artistic and technical systems, and opening up new ways to overcome these limitations. It consists of explicit knowledge of modern civilization composed of analytical knowledge, logic knowledge, communication knowledge, etc., and implicit traditional knowledge composed of experience knowledge, comprehensive knowledge, intuition knowledge, insight knowledge, etc. It will be an approach to restoring balance, fusing them, and reconstructing human genes and activities optimized for the global environment. In general, it should be the original function of the brain rather than the non-verbal brain function that was buried during this period, taking away the exclusive belief and worship of the language brain function that has dominated modern times. It is none other than reinstating the position and restoring its activity.

  In this way, the inventors' willingness to bring the sound environment into a beautiful and pleasant original form overcomes the limitations of modern civilization itself and equates to pioneering a new civilization. It is.

  The “behavioral evaluation method of“ hypersonic effect ”” according to the first embodiment will be described below.

1. Introduction.
A sound (HFC) rich in high-frequency components with unsteady fluctuations that exceeds the human audible range enhances the α frequency component (α-EEG) of the spontaneous brain wave and reduces the local cerebral blood flow in the deep part of the brain structure. Increase the sound and make the ears feel more comfortable. The inventors refer to this phenomenon as “hypersonic effect” or HSE. In order to make it easier to investigate this phenomenon, the present inventors have developed a sound source and a reproduction system that guarantee the induction of HSE. In order to make this system more accessible to anyone who wants to study HSE and to help interested parties conduct further research on this phenomenon, we have been working for more than 15 years. We continue to report on the details of the experimental methods that have been developed in our research and are often unique. In this paper, we report a behavioral evaluation method of HSE using comfortable listening volume (CLL) as a parameter.

  When investigating HSE, it should be noted that there are many unknown factors such as the mechanism of HSE expression, and there are many aspects that cannot be grasped by conventional knowledge or technology of auditory physiology or psychoacoustics. is important. For example, in an experiment using an α wave as a parameter, under the presentation of a sound including HFC, after the presentation of the sound, the α wave shows a gradual increase within a few tens of seconds, and after presenting the sound, It remained for about 100 seconds. If this temporal asymmetry is ignored, clear results cannot be obtained in most experiments. Therefore, when designing the experimental procedure of HSE, it is necessary to consider the time delay and residual of this phenomenon.

2. An evaluation method using behavioral responses as parameters.
The difference in perceptual sound quality between the sound including non-stationary HFC exceeding 22 kHz (full range sound: FRS) and the same sound (high cut sound: HCS) except that the HFC is removed, There are only a few. This difference is potentially reflected in the preference choices that are made unconsciously for a listener while they are exposed to a predetermined sound for a certain amount of time. In some cases, it may be useful to apply a method that uses nonverbal behavioral responses to detect subtle differences in sound quality that belong to the boundary between conscious and unconscious. . We have applied such techniques to our work on HSE.

  There are several ways to assess human sensitivity to sound by observing the listener's own active behavior. For example, there are (1) sound menu, (2) sound source blocking method, and (3) listening level measurement. The former two methods include a procedure in which the subject himself / herself voluntarily switches or terminates the presentation of sound. For this reason, the influence of HSE delay and residual cannot be ignored in the experimental results.

  On the other hand, since the above-mentioned problems do not exist in the evaluation method using the listening level, it is considered suitable for the research of HSE. According to previous research on evaluation methods using listening levels, listening levels vary depending on the reality of the input information, the physical structure of the acoustic signal, and the listener's sense of comfort and discomfort. It has been shown to be affected by these factors. In addition, experiments using listening levels as a method of adjustment are easier to perform than experiments using physiological techniques. Since listening levels can be assessed under nearly the same conditions as those used in previous studies on HSE, assessments using listening levels can be performed in parallel with physiological and psychological assessments. Is possible.

  In view of the above, the inventors designed an experimental technique based on measuring the listening level resulting from behavioral responses when adjusting volume under FRS and HCS conditions. .

3. An effective behavioral evaluation method for HSE detection.
3.1. System configuration.
Sound presentation systems used in HSE research need to have good frequency characteristics above 100 kHz. For this reason, the sound presentation system (Authentic Hypersonic Audio System, Action Research Co., Tokyo, Japan) based on the high-speed sampling 1-bit coded signal processing system introduced by Yamazaki was used (FIG. 61). ). This system is configured as a bi-channel playback system that avoids various confusions when comparing sound quality.

  Subject 115 was asked to adjust the volume using a self-made remote controller 116 with an up / down switch. The remote controller 116 controls a motor-driven fader 103 (PGFM3000, Penny and Giles, Gwent, UK) inserted between a super audio compact disc (SACD) player 102 and a preamplifier 104. By using this, visual or tactile cues to the volume of the amplifier did not affect the behavior of the subject 115 to adjust the listening level.

An equivalent continuous A-characteristic corrected sound pressure level (equivalent noise level: L _Aeq ) was measured using an integral sound level meter (LA-5111, Ono Sokki, Yokohama, Japan). Since the high frequency component exceeding 20 kHz is outside the range of the measuring instrument corrected with the A characteristic, the presence of HFC exceeding 22 kHz does not affect the measurement value. In fact, the FRS and HCS reproduced by this system when the same volume is set have the same measured value within an error of less than 0.1 dB (L _Aeq ) according to our measurements. .

3.2. Sound material.
The sound material for this experiment was gamelan music from Bali, Indonesia. This sound source is recorded on the track 43 of the authentic signal disc 101 (ARHS-9002, Action Research Co., Ltd.) developed together with the Authentic Hypersonic Sound System. The sound source is from 22 kHz using a high-pass filter 108 and a low-pass filter 109 (CF-6FL / CF-6FH, NF circuit design block, Tokyo, Japan) having a cutoff frequency of 22 kHz and cutoff attenuation (attenuation slope) of 80 dB / octave. It was divided into a high HFC and a low frequency (audible range) component (LFC) lower than 22 kHz. In this experiment, two types of sounds, FRS and HCS, were presented. FRS is composed of HFC and LFC that are presented at the same time, whereas HCS is composed of presenting only LFC. The last 60 seconds of track 43 were repeated 6 times in succession. 62 and 63 show the average power spectrum for 60 seconds of two kinds of sounds.

3.3. subject.
Eight healthy subjects participated in this experiment. In order to ensure a sufficient level of arousal to measure subtle biological responses with high accuracy from the subject's behavior, the subject sleeps at least 7 hours the day before the experiment and starts the experiment. I was asked to get up at least two hours before.

3.4. procedure.
During the experiment, the subject sat comfortably in the chair. The distance from the front of the speaker to the ears of the subject was about 2 m. Considering temporal asymmetry associated with HSE expression and withdrawal [1], the length of presentation time was determined as follows (FIG. 64).

  One presentation of a sound stimulus for 60 seconds was called one trial. One session consisted of 6 trials (360 seconds), and these trials were divided into three process stages (Processes 1, 2 and 3). Within one session, only the same type of sound stimulus (ie, either FRS or HCS) was presented and the subject was asked to adjust the listening level himself. Each FRS and HCS session was repeated three times, and the presentation sequence was randomized between subjects to offset the effects of order. The experiment was performed with the subject blind-folded, and the subject was not informed of the purpose of the experiment.

Process 1 (pre-presentation): During the first 120 seconds, the subject listened to the sound material at a fixed volume adjusted to _78.0 dB (L _Aeq ) at the listening position.
Process 2 (adjustment): For the subsequent 180 seconds, the subject adjusted the volume to a level at which he felt comfortable using the remote controller 116.
Process 3 (listening): During the last 60 seconds, the subject listened to the sound at the volume he selected for the final stage of process 2.

  The listening level in process 3 (listening trial) was regarded as CLL (comfortable listening volume), and the average value was calculated separately under FRS and HCS.

  In order to accustom the subject to the experimental procedure and acquire a sense of CLL, one session of practice was performed before the experiment.

  The temperature, furniture, and visual environment in particular were designed with consideration given to stabilizing the subject's reaction and maintaining the subject's comfort. To confirm whether the experiment was performed properly, subjects were asked to answer a brief questionnaire for the analysis after the experiment was completed.

4). result.
FIG. 65 shows the change of the average value of the listening level of FRS and HCS during the experiment. As the experiment progresses, the response corresponding to FRS being received at a higher level than HCS becomes more apparent. This result is consistent with everything else we have reported. The average CLL value of FRS and HCS in process 3 (listening trial) is shown in FIG. During this process 3, subjects were listening to music at the volume that was ultimately selected by themselves. The CLS of FRS is 77.1 dB (L _Aeq ) and the CLL of HCS is 76.5 dB (L _Aeq ). The former averaged 0.6 dB (L _Aeq ) higher than the latter, and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.05).

5). Conclusion.
The present inventors investigated the effect of HFC, which cannot be perceived, on humans by measuring CLL. The average CLL for sounds containing HFC above 22 kHz was significantly higher than that for sounds with components above 22 kHz removed. This result suggests that a behavioral experiment using CLL as a parameter is effective for detection and measurement of HSE. HSE behavioral studies using CLL are now at an early stage compared to the physiological and psychological studies conducted over the past 20 years. Is necessary. However, HSE behavioral studies may be suitable for exploratory approaches because of less burden on the subject and simpler experimental equipment than physiological approaches.

  The “examination by the composite evaluation index of the influence of the signal structure of the super-high frequency component exceeding the audible range on the sound reception response” according to the second embodiment will be described below.

1. Background and purpose.
1.1. background.
In examining the compatibility between humans and electronic VR audiovisual information, the present inventors have made the signal structure of audiovisual information supplied from the current electronic media different from the structure originally existing in nature. Note that it tends to tilt. The spatial density of visual information via electronic video media depends on the resolution of the media, and is at a decisively low level compared to the virtually infinite spatial density inherent in the natural visual information. In addition, acoustic information via the most widely used digital audio media (sampling frequency: 44.1 kHz, quantization bit number: 16 bits, frequency characteristics: DC to 5 Hz-22 kHz) is 20 kHz, which is the upper limit of the human audible range. With a boundary, no more frequency components exist at once. On the other hand, the frequency distribution of acoustic information in nature often has a spread far exceeding the upper limit of the audible range. For example, the frequency of natural environmental sounds in tropical rainforests, where human genetics are evolutionarily formed by molecular genetics, and traditional folk instrument sounds in mature cultures with a history of more than a few hundred years When the characteristics are examined, the upper limit often ranges from 50 kHz to 100 kHz. Compared with these, it cannot be denied that the acoustic information structure supplied by the current digital audio media has a special structure in terms of frequency characteristics.

  With these points in mind, the present inventors have found that the effects of audiovisual information having remarkable high density, complexity, and transformation that are beyond the perceptual limit and that are difficult to capture explicitly activate the function of the brain “Hyperreal”・ "Effect" has been discovered and reported. As an example, the effect of enhancing the brain function by using a sound that includes abundant non-stationary ultra-high frequency components (hypersonic sounds = HSS) exceeding the upper limit of the audible range has been developed so far. We have found a phenomenon in which ultra-high-definition visual information that has a structure and exceeds the visual acuity limit is more compatible with the brain. In addition, we have reported a phenomenon in which these high-density audio-visual information dramatically changes human mental behavior in traditional ritual spaces where psychosomatic adjustment effects are historically recognized.

  Based on the above background, this research focuses on HSE, and uses ultra-high-density electroacoustic media to fundamentally create a VR sound environment that is highly compatible with human mind and body. It was decided to conduct a study.

1.2. Related research.
HSE is a multiple effect that HSS increases blood flow in the deep part of the brain, enhances the electroencephalogram α wave, improves the reality and comfort of sound, and leads to the action of listening at a louder volume. It is a generic name. The present inventors have previously made a super-wideband recording of a natural sound source rich in super-high frequency components with non-stationary fluctuations beyond the upper limit of the audible range, and used super-high frequency components (high frequency components = HFC) of 22 kHz or higher. ) Was removed (high cut sound = HCS), and the human response when a sound containing a super high frequency component of 22 kHz or higher (full range sound = FRS) was examined. As a result, FRS, which is a more faithful reproduced sound of the sound that actually exists in nature, is physiologically more blood flow in the deep part of the brain, including the brainstem and thalamus, compared to HCS that has reduced fidelity except for HFC. It was statistically shown to increase the EEG α wave, which is a stress-free index. At the same time, psychologically, “reality”, “naturalness”, “depth”, and other factors that are deeply related to the creation of a sense of reality and realism are felt more strongly, and behaviorally, the recipients are encouraged to listen at a higher volume. Both have been found significantly. At this time, it was observed from an experiment using an electroencephalogram as an index that the disappearance of the expression of a biological reaction caused by HSS was shown to be delayed for several seconds to tens of seconds and remained for about 60 to 100 seconds. It has been shown that HSE has its own temporal asymmetry. The deep brain, such as the brainstem and thalamus, where activation was observed at this time, has attracted attention because it is closely related to pathologies such as lifestyle-related diseases, psychosomatic disorders, and mental / behavioral disorders. This phenomenon is considered to be a phenomenon that has an important influence on the generation of odors and has a non-negligible effect on the health of the present inventors.

  About the upper limit of frequencies that can affect human sensitivity, a number of studies were conducted around 1980 with the aim of determining the standards of digital audio media. All of these studies relied on psychoacoustic evaluation methods using the perceptible judgment of brief stimulus presentation as an index, and could not detect the effects of HFC on humans. In contrast, by using a physiological evaluation method using non-invasive brain function measurement and a psychological evaluation method based on a paired comparison method reconstructed based on the physiological knowledge obtained thereby, With the inherent temporal asymmetry that was overlooked in the experimental method, it became possible to detect reactions across unconscious regions. Since the 1990s, studies supporting multiple high-frequency components have been reported one after another through studies at multiple institutions, and the recent increase in the density of acoustic media such as SACD and DVD audio has been promoted. .

  Nevertheless, full-fledged research on the effects of HFC on humans is at an early stage. For this reason, research for application is required along with basic research issues such as the construction of a more rigorous experimental environment and the elucidation of the mechanism. For example, when HSE is applied to the creation of a VR sound environment, it is expected that the reality of sound will be improved, the stress due to artificial information acupuncture will be reduced, and a VR sound environment that is more compatible with human mind and body will be realized. Is done. In that case, the question of what kind of HFC existence state is appropriate and effective, whether the power of the HFC should be larger, or whether there is any optimum value, is an indispensable important issue It becomes. However, in the past, only the method of comparing the case where the HFC was present at the level of the original sound and the case where it was almost completely removed was studied, so many of these points are unknown areas. It is in.

1.3. the purpose.
In view of the above, this research aimed to obtain multidimensional knowledge about the optimal state of HFC for human beings, with a view to applying HSE to VR. For this purpose, we examined the effects on the response to HSS when the HFC strength was changed and linked the three indicators of behavior, psychology, and physiology.

  In setting the measurement index used in the experiment, “listening volume felt most comfortable” was selected as an index for the study of behavioral responses. It has been suggested that this index fluctuates reflecting the physical structure of the sound and the sensibility response of the recipient's pleasantness and discomfort. For psychological responses, Scheffe's paired comparison method, which can detect subtle differences in sound quality by subjective impression judgment (category judgment), has excellent temporal resolution for measuring physiological responses. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was selected as a simple index. Then, a behavioral evaluation experiment with the largest restrictions on the experimental procedure was performed, and the playback volume of each presentation condition was adjusted to a level that felt most comfortable for the subject. Next, psychological evaluation experiments and physiological evaluation experiments were conducted. The listening volume at that time was the reproduction level actively selected by the subject himself in the behavioral evaluation experiment.

2. Presentation device.
In order to ensure a good reproduction frequency characteristic up to 100 kHz required for this research, the sound presenting apparatus is developed exclusively by the present inventors, and the effectiveness of HSE has been verified with a plurality of indicators. A regeneration system (Authentic Hypersonic Audio System: manufactured by Action Research) was used (FIG. 67).

  First, for the recording medium, a high-density disk DVD was used as a nonvolatile solid-state memory format, and recording in the SACD format was adopted. For signal processing, Yamazaki's high-speed sampling 1-bit quantization method, which has been proven in previous research, was used. A / D conversion was performed at 2.8224 MHz and 1 bit by using an A / D converter from Yamazaki corresponding to the DSD format. At this time, pre-emphasis was applied to the signal in the disc manufacturing process in order to suppress the contamination of the 1-bit noise due to the A / D conversion to the reproduction signal.

  When playing back a disc, a hypersonic SACD player 102 (HSCD-10: action CD) with a -6 dB response at 100 kHz that greatly improves the ultra-high frequency characteristics by introducing a D / A conversion circuit of an original design. Research) was used. The signal reproduced in this manner was restored via a predetermined de-emphasis circuit 105 (HDEC-1: manufactured by Action Research) to obtain an experimental analog signal.

  This electric signal was input to a preamplifier 104 (HSCA-4: manufactured by Action Research) having a flat characteristic up to 200 kHz. The preamplifier 104 incorporates the above-described de-emphasis circuit 105 and is designed to reproduce the audible range components (low frequency components = LFC) and the HFC independently for the purpose of this research. ing. A high-quality moving fader 103 (PGFM3000: manufactured by Penny and Giles) was inserted between the SACD player 102 and the preamplifier 104 in a state where remote control was possible. The remote controller 116 is placed near the subject 115 so that the subject 115 can remotely control the volume without a visual tactile clue to the knob or the like (FIG. 68).

  In the power amplification stage, a power amplifier 110 (HSPA-200: manufactured by Action Research) having a total response of up to 150 kHz and having a total of 4 channels including 2 channels for LFC and 2 channels for HFC was used. This realizes a “bi-channel reproduction system” that reproduces the LFC and HFC in separate circuits, such as non-flatness in the audible range of the filter, group delay characteristics due to circuit differences, and differences in intermodulation distortion. Strict experiments that avoid various problems are possible. In this experiment, monaural sound was presented in order to eliminate the complexity of the factors and to make the experiment more precise.

  The speaker system employs a bending wave type full range unit to give a good response up to about 40 kHz for LFC, and a toucan monitor (Option 3) 114 (Oohashi Monitor Op. 3) configured by combining this with a cone type woofer. ) (Manufactured by Action Research). By adding a super tweeter 113 for super audible range (PT-R9: manufactured by Pioneer), a presentation system capable of reproducing HSS exceeding 100 kHz was realized (FIG. 69).

  The power spectrum of the presented sound was measured by placing a free field condenser microphone (frequency characteristics 4 Hz to 100 kHz ± 2 dB, model 4135: manufactured by Bruel & Kujael) at the subject position, and outputting the output to an automatic FFT analyzer (CF- 5220: manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd.).

3. Presented sample.
Developed specifically for this research from the experimental sound source track of the signal disc (ARHS9002: made by Action Research) developed in conjunction with the dedicated playback system, instantaneously 70kHz to 80kHz, the average value of all songs 50kHz or more A disc music box music (track 46) containing an abundance of super-high frequency components was selected, and 60 seconds of the same portion of the entire music was repeatedly played out of 90 seconds. Based on this sound source, sound sample presentation conditions were set in which the LFC was made constant and only the HFC was electronically enhanced in two stages of +6 dB and +12 dB by a preamplifier. (HFC + 6 dB), [super high frequency component 12 dB enhancement sound] (HFC + 12 dB). On the other hand, a sound sample presented at the original level without electronically enhancing HFC was defined as [original sound] (FIG. 70).

  It was confirmed in advance by a time waveform and a frequency spectrum that no distortion occurred even when the subject 115 listened at the maximum level for all the presentation condition sounds. At the same time, with the volume of the LFC channel in the preamplifier 104 kept constant, the equivalent noise level for 60 seconds each of [original sound], [HFC + 6 dB], and [HFC + 12 dB] is measured. It was confirmed that the measured value was not affected. Further, during the experiment, in order to confirm that the super-high frequency component was output at an appropriate level, a measurement microphone was installed in the vicinity of the subject 115, and the output signal was monitored in real time with an FFT analyzer.

4). Experimental procedure.
4.1. Behavioral evaluation experiment using listening volume as an index.
Experiments were performed based on behavioral evaluation methods that have been studied and maintained by the present inventors using the presenting devices and samples described in 2-3 (FIG. 71). By the way, the following experimental procedure is the time asymmetry inherent in HSE described in 1.2 (several seconds to tens of seconds delay and about 60 to 100 seconds seen in the disappearance of the biological reaction with EEG as an index) Residual) was taken into account, and the design was made so that the delayed residual of the biological reaction did not lead to confusion in the results.

3. Presenting the disc music box music piece for 60 seconds as described in 1 above as “1 trial”, one session was composed of 6 trials according to the following procedures (1) to (3). That is,
(1) <Pre-presentation>: For the first 120 seconds (2 trials for 60 seconds of music = 2 trials), the subject 115 listens to the sound at the presented volume (82.0 dB (L _Aeq ) at the subject position).
(2) <Adjustment>: Adjust the listening volume for the next 180 seconds (3 trials of music = 3 trials). At this time, the subject 115 adjusts the volume so that the overall impression is not the ear feel but the most comfortable.
(3) <Listening>: Finally, for 60 seconds (one piece of music = 1 trial), the subject 115 listens to the sound with the volume adjusted by itself.

  The session configured as described above was performed three times for each of the three conditions of [original sound], [HFC + 6 dB], and [HFC + 12 dB]. All experiments were performed under blind hold, and the order of each presentation condition was randomized among the subjects 115.

  The sound volume received by the subject 115 was measured in real time as an equivalent noise level for each trial using an integrated broadband precision sound level meter (LA-5111: manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd.). Then, the volume of the <listening> trial that the subject 115 adjusted and finally reached was regarded as the most comfortable listening volume in each condition, and the average value was calculated.

  During the experiment, the subject 115 sat down comfortably at a distance of 2 m from the front of the speaker to the ear, and adjusted the volume using the up / down switch of the remote controller 116 at hand (FIG. 68). . At this time, since the volume controller operated by the subject 115 controls the entire output signal from the SACD player, the LFC and the HFC are adjusted in conjunction with each other. The temperature in the laboratory was adjusted to about 25 ° C., the humidity was adjusted to 40 to 50%, and the comfort of the subject 115 was increased as much as possible with respect to the indoor furniture. The test subjects 115 are 12 healthy adults (4 men, 8 women: average age 39.6 years).

4.2. Psychological evaluation experiment using subjective impression as an index.
Experiments were performed based on the psychological evaluation experiment methods established by the present inventors using the presenting devices and samples described in 2-3 (FIG. 72).

  That is, based on Scheffe's paired comparison method, one trial is to present 60 seconds of sound of a certain condition twice from three conditions of [original sound], [HFC + 6 dB], and [HFC + 12 dB]. Conditional sounds were presented in pairs on a trial basis.

  The subject judged the impression of each sound for all the six pairs by using the modified Ura method, using 20 sets of sound quality evaluation scales, on a 5-level evaluation axis. The volume of each condition was presented as the listening volume set by each subject in the behavioral evaluation experiment. The obtained score was tested with a yardstick, and the significance of the sound quality difference among the three conditions was examined for each evaluation scale. Like the behavioral evaluation experiment, all experiments were performed under blind hold, and the order of each presentation condition was randomized among subjects. The test subjects were 12 healthy adults (male 4, female 8, average age 39.6 years) who were the same as the participants in the behavioral experiment.

4.3. Physiological evaluation experiment using electroencephalogram as an index Similarly, using the presenting apparatus and sample described in 2-3, an experiment was conducted based on the experimental methods that have been prepared and established by the present inventors.

  In order to reduce the subject's sense of restraint as much as possible, an electroencephalogram measurement uses a measurement system with a telemetry system (WEE-6112: manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd.) (Fig. 73), and the derived point is on the scalp based on the international 10-20 method. Eleven points (Fp1, F7, Fz, F8, C3, C4, T5, Pz, T6, O1, O2) were used.

  In FIG. 73, 120 is an ultra high frequency sound reproduction system, 151 is an analysis program, 152 is a digital band pass filter, 153 is a personal computer, 154 is a receiver, and 155 is an antenna. is there.

  The sound of each presentation condition was presented at the listening volume set by each subject in a behavioral evaluation experiment. Presenting any sound from the three conditions of [original sound], [HFC + 6 dB], and [HFC + 12 dB] for 180 seconds in one trial, and presenting each condition once with a 30-second interval. Was one session. The experiment consisted of two sessions, and after the first session, a second session was performed in which a break was taken and the order of presentation was reversed (FIG. 74).

  The brain wave of the subject under the presentation of sound under each condition was measured, and the potential value in the α wave band of 8 to 13 Hz was calculated for each presentation condition. At this time, taking into account the temporal asymmetry of the HSE, statistical processing is performed for values from 90 seconds to 180 seconds after the start of sound presentation so that the delay in the biological reaction does not cause confusion in the results. It was. In order to avoid the influence of eye movement, the occipital 5 electrodes were analyzed. All experiments were performed under blind hold, and the order of each presentation condition was randomized among subjects. The test subjects were 10 healthy adults (male 4, female 6: average age 39.0 years) among participants in the behavioral experiment.

5). . result.
5.1. Behavioral evaluation experiment using listening volume as an index.
FIG. 75 shows a time transition of a value obtained by averaging the listening volume in each trial of <advance presentation> three times before <volume adjustment> and final <listening> before the volume adjustment. Under any of the presentation conditions, a unidirectional change tendency was found in which the listening volume gradually decreased in three <adjustment> trials. This agrees with the tendency obtained in behavioral evaluation experiments for evaluating the influence of the presence or absence of HFC, which has been performed by the present inventors, on the listening volume.

  However, in [HFC + 6 dB] and [HFC + 12 dB] with enhanced HFC, the volume heard by the subject tended to increase compared to [original sound]. In particular, the difference is significant in the volume of the <listening> trial finally adjusted by the subject, and [HFC + 6 dB] and [HFC + 12 dB] are heard at a volume that is clearly larger than [original sound].

  FIG. 76 shows the result of averaging the listening volume finally set by the subject in the <listening> trial for each presentation condition. It can be seen that the listening volume of [original sound] is the smallest, and that the listening volume at [HFC + 6 dB] and [HFC + 12 dB] is increased. In addition, [HFC + 6 dB] shows a slightly higher listening volume than [HFC + 12 dB].

  In order to statistically examine the effect of such HFC intensity differences on listening volume, repeated measurement analysis of variance was performed, and as a result, the main effect of the presentation conditions was significantly recognized (F (2,22) = 8. 133, p <0.01). This statistically confirms that the difference in HFC potential has the effect of changing the listening volume as a whole.

  Next, in order to examine whether there is a significant difference in listening volume between each presentation condition, a paired t-test was performed.

  As a result, in [HFC + 6 dB] and [HFC + 12 dB], the listening volume was significantly increased compared to [original sound] ([HFC + 6 dB]: p <0.01, [HFC + 12 dB]: p <0.05). On the other hand, the difference in listening volume between [HFC + 6 dB] and [HFC + 12 dB] did not reach the statistical significance level, but the listening volume at [HFC + 6 dB] tended to be slightly higher.

5.2. Psychological evaluation experiment using subjective impression as an index.
FIG. 77 is a plot of “average preference” indicating the degree of average preference for each condition for all sound quality evaluation scales.

  It can be seen that the sound in which the super-high frequency component is enhanced is evaluated as a sound that gives a favorable impression to the whole as compared with the original sound. In addition, the tendency is most remarkable at +6 dB as a whole, and the average preference degree of +12 dB is located between +6 dB and the original sound, and the behavioral evaluation experiment in which the sound of +6 dB is adjusted to the maximum listening volume. The results are consistent with the results.

  FIG. 78 shows the result of statistical test by analysis of variance for 20 sets of sound quality evaluation scales used in the experiment. From the left, the significance of the sound quality difference between [HFC + 6 dB] and [original sound], [HFC + 12 dB] and [original sound], and [HFC + 6 dB] and [HFC + 12 dB] is shown. It was confirmed that a significant difference in sound quality was detected on nine evaluation scales between [HFC + 6 dB] and [original sound], and on eight evaluation scales between [HFC + 12 dB] and [original sound]. It was.

  A sound with enhanced super-high frequency components has more [Reality], [Information rich], [Natural], [Like], [Keme], [Moisture], and [Soft]. It was recognized that it was perceived as a sound of [rich atmosphere], [not tired], [sounds well per ear] and [reverberation type]. Moreover, it is consistent with the results of the behavioral evaluation experiment in that a higher significance is generally recognized between [HFC + 6 dB] and [original sound] than between [HFC + 12 dB] and [original sound].

5.3. Physiological evaluation experiment using EEG as an index.
The average value of the α wave potential for the second half 90 seconds of the sound presentation is calculated for each of the three conditions of [original sound], [HFC + 6 dB], and [HFC + 12 dB], normalized, and the average value is obtained as shown in FIG. Shown in It was observed that the electroencephalogram α-wave power was slightly increased under the presentation of [HFC + 6 dB] and [HFC + 12 dB] compared to [original sound], consistent with behavioral and psychological evaluation experiments.

  As a result of analysis of variance to statistically examine the influence of the power difference of super-high frequency components on the electroencephalogram α-wave potential value, there was no statistical significance between the main effect and each presentation condition. .

6). Discussion.
The present inventors have previously statistically analyzed the action (stimulus receptive action promoting action) that leads to a behavior in which a sound containing a super high frequency component (HFC) exceeding the audible range is heard at a louder volume than the sound excluding the sound. Found based on the significance of

  From this behavioral evaluation experiment, it was newly found that the sound with enhanced HFC power increased the listener's listening volume and promoted the stimulus-receiving behavior compared to the original sound. At the same time, the psychological evaluation experiment shows that the HFC augmentation sound is more realistic, the information is perceived as a natural sound, and it has a statistically significant effect that enhances the sound preference and comfort. It was. Since these effects by enhancing the super-high frequency component coincide with the attributes of HSE that have been found so far, the enhancement of the super-high frequency component strengthens the entire action of the HSS and increases the human affinity for sound. It is considered that there is a high possibility.

  On the other hand, the result of the physiological evaluation experiment using the electroencephalogram as an index showed a tendency to be consistent with the behavioral and psychological evaluation, but the evaluation value of the statistical test did not reach the preset significance level. One of the reasons for this may be that, within the scope of the experiment conducted here, the number of subjects was too small for the method employed. Moreover, it can be interpreted that the behavioral and psychological evaluation method set this time captures the reaction that is difficult to extract by the physiological evaluation method more sensitively.

  The effect of HFC observed in this experiment does not increase in proportion to the increase in power, but the maximum effect appears at +6 dB, and at +12 dB, there is a tendency to slightly decrease from the peak or +6 dB. Observed at the bottom. This result is considered to suggest the possibility that the effect of HFC (that is, HSE) is not linear monotonous but has some nonlinear action structure or optimum point. Furthermore, regarding the cause of the maximization of the effect at +6 dB, it is necessary to carry out detailed examination and discussion in the future while taking into consideration the relationship with the HSE expression mechanism.

7). Conclusion.
The effect of the difference in the signal intensity of the super high frequency component (HFC) beyond the audible range on the sound acceptance response was evaluated using multiple indicators. As a result, under the experimental conditions set in this study, the effect of HFC enhancement was significantly recognized in behavioral and psychological evaluation experiments. On the other hand, in the physiological evaluation experiment, the effect accompanying HFC enhancement was not recognized significantly. Further, the enhancement effect of HFC was maximally expressed at HFC + 6 dB, and it was observed that HFC + 12 dB tends to peak or slightly lower than HFC + 6 dB. From this, it was shown that the effect of HFC does not have a linear structure that increases in proportion to its strength.

8). Conclusion.
The results of the above research suggest the effectiveness of considering the enhancement of HFC in creating and producing a sense of reality and improving comfort in an artificial VR sound space.

  In addition, the relationship between the degree of enhancement of HFC and the manifestation of its action indicates that there is a high possibility that the effect of HFC has some nonlinear structure or optimum point. This is also attracting attention as knowledge relating to the elucidation of the mechanism of action of HFC.

  In the future, we will conduct further detailed studies on the degree of enhancement of HFC and the state of its action, and by accumulating the results of these experiments, we have gained knowledge that contributes to the creation of a VR sound environment that is highly compatible and suitable for humans. I want to go.

  “Effect of Hypersonic Sound Presentation Conditions on Sound Acceptance Behavior—Study on Hyperreal Effects (I)” according to Example 3 will be described below.

1. INTRODUCTION The present inventors have previously described an effect “hypersonic effect = HSE” in which a sound rich in non-stationary super-high frequency components exceeding the upper limit of the audible range (hypersonic sounds = HSS) enhances brain function, We have discovered a phenomenon in which ultra-high-definition visual information with a fractal structure and a visual acuity limit is more compatible with the brain. Moreover, in the traditional ritual space where the psychosomatic adjustment effect is historically recognized, we have found a phenomenon in which these ultra-high-density audiovisual information brings about dramatic changes in human mental behavior. Hyper-real effect (HRE) refers to these effects that activate audio-visual information with remarkable high density, complexity, and transformability that is difficult to capture explicitly by consciousness. Named.

  Here, we will focus on HSE and report the results of examining the effects of changes in the presentation conditions of ultrahigh frequency components on the accepting behavior for HSS in correlation with psychological and physiological effects.

2. Background and purpose of this study.
HSE is an effect that HSS increases the blood flow in the deep brain including the brain stem and the thalamus, enhances the electroencephalogram α wave, makes the sound perceived more comfortably, and leads to the action of listening at a louder volume. It is a generic name. The deep brain, such as the brainstem and thalamus, where activation was observed at this time, has attracted attention because it is closely related to pathologies such as lifestyle-related diseases, psychosomatic diseases, and mental / behavioral disorders. It is considered a phenomenon that has a serious impact on health.

  This study examines changes in behavioral responses when changing the power of super-high-frequency components that exceed the upper limit of the audible range as a high-priority study subject when applying HSE, and the accompanying psychological The physiological response was examined. Based on the experimental methods that the present inventors have established and established so far, the center conducts behavioral experiments with stimulus-receiving behavior as an index, together with psychological experiments with subjective impressions as indices, and EEG A physiological experiment was conducted.

3. Method.
3-1. Equipment: A dedicated playback system (reliable hypersonic audio system, action, which was originally developed by the present inventors in order to realize HSE research with high reproducibility and confirmed its effectiveness) (Research) was used (FIG. 80). This time, monaural reproduction was used in order to eliminate the complexity of the factors and to make the experiment more precise.

3-2. Presented sample:
An abundant ultra-high frequency range of over 100 kHz from the experimental sound source (track 44) of the signal disc developed with the dedicated playback system (reliable signal disc, ARHS9002, manufactured by Action Research). The same portion of gamelan music containing high frequency components was repeatedly presented for 60 seconds. The audible range component (low frequency components (LFC) = LFC) of 22 kHz or less is kept constant, and only the super high frequency component (high frequency components = HFC) of 22 kHz or more is 6 dB and 12 dB by the preamplifier 104. The presentation conditions for reproduction in two stages were set as [+6 dB] and [+12 dB], respectively. On the other hand, the condition of reproducing at the original level without increasing the HFC was set as [original sound] (FIG. 81).

  It was confirmed in advance by using a time waveform and a frequency spectrum that no distortion occurred even when the subject 115 listened at the maximum level for all of the presentation conditions. In addition, with the LFC output kept constant, the equivalent noise level for 60 seconds was measured for each of the original sound, +6 dB, and +12 dB, and it was confirmed that the enhanced HFC did not affect the measured value of the sound level meter.

3-3. procedure.
3-3-1. Behavioral experiment:
Based on the experimental methods that have been developed so far, the listening sound volume was measured under the presentation conditions of the original sound, +6 dB, and +12 dB (FIGS. 81 and 82). Presenting a sample for 60 seconds once was defined as [1 trial], and one session was composed of 6 trials according to three procedures: [pre-presentation] [adjustment] [listening]. The presentation volume in the pre-presentation is 75 dB (L _Aeq ) at the subject position (2 m from the front of the speaker). This session was conducted nine times, three times for each of the three presentation conditions. The volume received by the subject was measured as an equivalent noise level for each trial using an integral sound level meter. The value in the [listening] trial was regarded as the “optimal listening volume” for each presentation condition, and the average value was calculated. Calculated. The test subjects are 15 healthy adults.

3-3-2. Psychological and physiological experiments:
Based on the experimental methods established by the inventors so far, the experiments were carried out with some modifications to meet the purpose of this time. The sound of each presentation condition was reproduced at the optimal listening volume reached by each subject in the behavioral evaluation experiment. The test subjects are healthy adults (12 psychological experiments and 10 physiological experiments) whose participants are participants in behavioral experiments.

4). result.
4-1. Behavioral experiment:
FIG. 83 shows the time transition of the average value of the listening volume adjusted by the subject. Under the condition in which the HFC is increased, the adjusted volume tends to increase compared to the original sound, and the difference is significant in the listening trial. As a result of analysis of variance, the main effect of the presentation conditions was significantly recognized, and it was statistically confirmed that the difference in the intensity of HFC had the effect of changing the listening volume.

  FIG. 84 shows the result of averaging the average value of the optimum listening volume reached in the listening trial for each presentation condition. At +6 dB and +12 dB, the listening volume increased significantly compared to the original sound. Moreover, although not reaching the significance level, the listening volume tended to increase slightly at +6 dB compared to +12 dB.

4-2. Psychological experiment and physiological experiment: FIG. 85 shows the result of the psychological experiment, and FIG. 86 shows the result of the physiological experiment. As a subjective impression, it is statistically significant on the 14 evaluation scales (*) that the sound with enhanced HFC is more natural than the original sound, is more preferable as a whole, and is perceived as a comfortable sound. Indicated. As for the evaluation scale for which no significant difference was detected in the detection of the sound quality difference, +6 dB was judged as the most positive sound overall, and +12 dB was positioned between +6 dB and the original sound, and the result of the behavioral experiment They are consistent (FIG. 85).

  Next, as a result of analysis of variance for the data obtained from physiological experiments, the main effect of the presentation conditions was found to be significant, and it was statistically that the difference in HFC intensity had the effect of changing the power of the electroencephalogram α wave (FIG. 86: Results of physiological experiment: average value of electroencephalogram α-wave potential in the latter half 90 seconds of sound presentation according to presentation conditions). Under the condition where the HFC is increased compared to the original sound, an increase in the α wave power is observed, and the difference between +6 dB and the original sound is statistically significant at a significance level of 5%. In addition, there is a tendency not to contradict the results of behavioral and psychological experiments in that the α wave power is slightly enhanced as compared to +12 dB under the +6 dB presentation.

5). Discussion.
From the above examination, it was statistically shown that the sound with enhanced non-stationary super-high frequency components has the effect of increasing the optimal listening volume and promoting the stimulus-receiving behavior compared to the original sound. In addition, from the measurement of psychological and physiological responses associated with this behavioral response, the sound with enhanced HFC is rich in naturalness and reality compared to the original sound, and is considered to be a stress-free indicator that enhances preference and comfort. It was shown to be statistically significant to enhance the power of EEG alpha waves.

  Since these phenomena are consistent with the attributes of HSE, it is highly probable that the enhancement of HFC enhances the overall action of HSS and increases the affinity of sound for the recipient.

  However, these actions do not intensify in one direction as the HFC power is increased, but the maximum effect appears at +6 dB, and a tendency to reach a peak or slightly lower than +6 dB at +12 dB is found through behavioral / psychological / physiological experiments. Observed at the bottom. This result is noted as a finding that suggests the possibility that the effect of HFC (that is, HSE) is not linear monotonous but has some nonlinear action structure or optimum point.

  “Examination of Indoor Sound Environment Improvement Effect Using Hypersonic Effect—Study on Hyperreal Effect (II)” according to Example 4 will be described below.

1. the purpose.
Hyper Real Effect (HRE) not only improves environmental comfort, but also enhances the activity of the deep brain, including the brain stem and thalamus, which triggers modern diseases, and enhances the electroencephalogram α wave, which is a stress-free indicator Has the effect of By utilizing this series of effects, it can be expected to improve the information environment of the city.

  Therefore, in this research, the hypersonic effect (HSE) that has been accumulated in the rigorous experimental environment of the laboratory in the HRE so far, people who live there in the actual field outside the laboratory are generated as subjects. After confirming that, we aimed to take a step toward application. Specifically, as a BGM in a high school library room, environmental sounds containing abundant super-high frequency components were added, and the effect was detected by a questionnaire survey method using students who use the library room as subjects. Report.

2. experimental method.
2-1. Experimental device.
A “hypersonic audio system” developed by the present inventors and whose HSE generation effect has been verified with a plurality of indices was used. Speakers and super tweeters were installed on the bookshelf in the library, and other equipment was installed in the librarian room adjacent to the library.

2-2. Presented sample.
The experimental specimens contain abundant ultra-high frequency components with unsteady fluctuations that exceed the upper limit of the audible range, do not touch the quiet atmosphere required for the library, and do not get bored even after repeated presentations for a long time. It is necessary to reach the level of sensitivity information. Further, in order to stably realize long-time repeated reproduction in the library, it is desirable that the sound source is recorded on an optical disk that has good operability and can be stably reproduced. In order to satisfy these conditions, the present inventors selected a natural environmental sound of a rainforest in Java from a group of sound sources accumulated so far by the high-speed sampling 1-bit quantization method. This was edited into a sample of about 53 minutes with an ultra-wideband sound editing system, recorded on the SACD using an original AD converter, and used as a presentation sound source. At the same time, the same sound source was recorded on a CD, and a sample containing no component of 22 kHz or higher was also prepared.

2-3. Experimental procedure.
The prepared environmental sound was repeatedly presented under the following three conditions for 8 days from 9:00 to 17:00 per day for 2 consecutive days. [Condition 1] Environmental sound rich in super high frequency components (Full Range Sound: FRS environmental sound), [Condition 2] Environmental sound not including components above 22 kHz (High Cut Sound): HCS Environmental sound), [Condition 3] No environmental sound is presented (no sound presenting). In the case of conditions 1 and 2, the volume of the audible range of the presented sound was adjusted to be about 47 _{L Aeq} at a position 2 m from the speaker.

2-4. Questionnaire survey form design.
This is very different from the experiment conducted by inviting the subjects to the laboratory, and this study has a great difficulty in the control of the subject group because the students who use the library voluntarily are the subjects. In particular, it can hardly be expected that there will be subjects who can experience and compare all three experimental conditions in the same state. In order to overcome this difficult problem, the present inventors devised the design of the questionnaire survey form. That is, the question item group was divided into two blocks, and in the first block, the impression about the library environment when the subject visited the room was questioned for eight evaluation items by a normal question setting method. In the second block, a special question format was set in which the subject asked for a reflection comparison about his / her internal state before entering the library and after staying in the library, and four evaluation items were evaluated. Regarding the evaluation items at that time, in consideration of the fact that the physiological properties of HSE lead activation to a very basic part of the brain, the question items were devised so as to capture reactions other than the auditory system. The questionnaire survey form was to be completed immediately before leaving the library room, and all the evaluation items were requested to be evaluated in five stages.

2-5. subject.
Students who came to the library on the day of each experiment were asked to respond to the questionnaire survey. The answer to the questionnaire was optional. In [Condition 1], 103 people were answered, in [Condition 2], 100 people in total, and in [Condition 3], 144 people in total.

2-6. Analysis method.
In order to examine how far the impression of the library under each sound condition deviates from the neutral impression in which direction, the score for each evaluation item was tested by [one-condition t-test]. In addition, in order to examine how the impression of the library became different due to the difference in sound conditions, the score for each evaluation item was tested by [unmatched two-condition t-test].

3. Experimental result.
The results are shown in FIGS. 87 and 88. The bar graph in the figure shows the score for each condition, and the test results are shown in each bar. Whether or not the difference between the conditions was significant was described by connecting the bars with a line.

  As for the question items of the first block, the FRS environmental sound was positive with statistical significance in the items such as “the atmosphere was good”, “the air was clear”, “it was easy”, “I felt I wanted to relax” Evaluation was observed (FIG. 87). On the other hand, such an effect was not found in the HCS environmental sound. Even in the absence of sound presentation, an evaluation result almost equal to that of the FRS environmental sound was obtained. In the evaluation item “study was successful”, the evaluation was highest under the condition that there was no presentation sound, and then the results of HCS environmental sound and FRS environmental sound were shown.

  Next, as for the question item of the second block, the FRS environmental sound as a whole obtained a positive evaluation clearly. In other words, by experiencing the FRS environmental sound for a certain amount of time in the library, it was more “fresher”, “lighter head”, “clear sound”, “visible objects” than before entering the room. It was found to be significantly felt (FIG. 88). Such an effect is not recognized at all in the HCS environmental sound, and shows a low evaluation rather than the baseline condition without the presenting sound. When there was no presentation sound, there was a significant difference in the evaluation items such as “Refreshing” and “Head lightened”, but there were no effects such as “I can hear the sound clearly” and “I can see clearly” .

4). Discussion.
The results found in this experiment are highly consistent with the physiological and psychological evaluation results related to HSE obtained so far, particularly in the question items of the second block. In addition, it can be said that the effectiveness of the new device incorporated in the question item in the second block of the questionnaire designed in this experiment was confirmed. Furthermore, the results suggesting that the activity of the visual information processing system in the brain was improved by experiencing the FRS environmental sound were the result of the cerebral cortex visual association area being cooled down by FRS as indicated by the analysis of positron tomography. This is also interesting from the viewpoint of the correspondence with HSE, suggesting that HSE may have an activation effect on the fundamental region of brain function, not limited to the classical auditory system.

  As a background for obtaining such results, it seems that the function of the library space is that the subject stays for a period of time that HSE occurs sufficiently and the internal state of the brain changes. It is. In addition, the first motivation for visiting the library in this group of subjects was “breathing” (38%), suggesting that students expect a kind of refresh function in the library. . Therefore, it is considered to be a highly effective strategy to improve the brain function by improving the information environment based on the school library room.

  Moreover, the effect of improving the sound environment of the library was found with the FRS environmental sound, and that effect was not found with the HCS environmental sound. It should be noted that this suggests that it may have an effect.

  This experiment as a whole suggests the possibility of dramatically improving the information environment with ultra-high density acoustic technology. In the future, I would like to proceed with detailed analysis of the data and examine the practical application strategy of HRE.

“Examination of Hypersonic Effect Using Physiologically Active Substance as Index—Study on Hyperreal Effect (III)” according to Example 5 will be described below.

1. the purpose.
The deep part of the brain where the physiological response by the hyperreal effect (the effect that the audio-visual information with remarkable high density, complexity, and transformability activates the function of the brain = HRE) is expressed is the control center of the physiological function of the whole body. Since it is closely linked to the tissue organs throughout the body via the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system, there is a possibility that these physiological functions may be affected and reactions may occur. In order to examine this possibility, focusing on the hypersonic effect (HSE), which is a type of HRE, a sound that contains abundant non-stationary ultra-high frequency components beyond the upper limit of the audible range (hypersonic sound = HSS) and Blood was collected from a subject who presented a sound that did not contain a super-high frequency component, and the bioactive substance index contained in the blood was analyzed.

2. Method.
Subjects: 16 healthy adults (7 men, 9 women, 22-40 years old).
Sound source: A Balinese traditional gamelan music piece that contains abundant non-stationary ultra-high frequency components beyond the upper limit of the audible range and was recorded digitally using a high-speed sampling 1-bit quantization method. This was edited to create a tape with a total length of 40 minutes and used as a sound sample.
Environment: A reasonably comfortable listening seat was installed in a sufficiently large listening room. In addition to appropriate arrangement of furniture, paintings, and planting around the area, lighting and air conditioning were also adjusted to increase overall comfort.

Presentation system: A bi-channel system having almost flat reproduction characteristics up to 100 kHz was constructed. By selectively turning on / off the switch provided in the super-high frequency range reproduction circuit, selective reproduction of [sounds containing super-high frequency components] / [sounds not containing] while theoretically ensuring the identity of the audible range components Made possible.

Presentation conditions: FRS (Full Range Sound = LFC + HFC) and HCS (High Cut Sound) by combining the audible range component (LFC) of the sound sample and the super high frequency component (HFC) exceeding the audible range. ) = LFC only). For all the subjects, a 40-minute sound presentation was performed once under both conditions, a total of two times, and the order was randomized between subjects and performed under a blind fold. There was a break of about 5 minutes between the two presentations.

Blood collection: In order to avoid applying stress to the subject as much as possible, an indwelling needle was inserted in advance into the venous blood vessel of the subject's arm before starting the experiment, and a tube was connected to maintain the blood collection line during the experiment. Blood samples were collected from the blood collection line when approximately 35 minutes had elapsed after the start of presentation each time for each sound presentation condition. The blood collection line was kept out of the subject's field of view, and the blood collection operation was also performed outside the subject's field of view so as to minimize stress as much as possible.

Blood analysis items: We focused on cellular immunity that functions to maintain general health and protect the body, and endocrine substances related to both positive and negative mind-body correlations.
Cellular immunity index 4 items: CD4 positive cell ratio, CD8 positive cell ratio, CD4 positive cell / CD8 positive cell ratio, NK cell activity.
Endocrine index 6 items: cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, β-endorphin, prolactin.
Statistical analysis: Since each item had a large variation in measured values among subjects, the measured value for each item was normalized within the subject (the measured value for each condition was divided by the average value of two conditions), The significance of the difference between the conditions for the mean value between subjects was verified by a paired t test.

3. result.
The average value for each condition of each measurement item and the significance (p value) of the difference between the conditions are shown in the table of FIG. 89 (average value of physiological activity index measured values in blood (normalized value in subject)). As is clear from FIG. 89, NK cell activity showed a significant increase under FRS presentation compared to HCS.

4). Discussion.
NK cells are responsible for the destruction and removal of cancer cells and virus-infected cells in the immune system and function in disease suppression and health maintenance. A significant increase in NK cell activity under FRS presentation compared to HCS suggests that HSS has an effect on immune system activity, and it can be said that the direction is health promotion.

  It is known that the immune system interacts with the brain and the nervous system of the whole body through the exchange of cytokines, which are one of in vivo information transmitters. It is suggested that changes in nervous system activity led to the deep brain by HSS may have caused an immune system reaction through such interaction.

  It should be noted that the physical and psychological stress derived from the inconsistency of the experimental procedure prevents HSE from occurring and confuses the results. In this regard, the experimental method of collecting blood is unavoidable as an essential process, which is accompanied by the pain of “needlestick” and easily causes discomfort and fear. The method of securing the blood collection line adopted this time is also unusual for healthy subjects, and it is difficult to suppress discomfort and fear, and it can be said to have many disadvantages. Therefore, it is necessary to make an early decision to determine that an item other than the NK cell activity, which has not obtained a definite result at this time, is apparently unrelated to HSE. In the future, in the generation of HSE, it will be an issue to refine the method in the direction of suppressing and eliminating factors having negative effects. With the achievement and establishment of the method, I think that there is a high possibility that a physiological response of HSE is newly found based on information obtained from blood.

5). Conclusion.
In order to investigate the possibility of a spillover effect on the physiological functions of the whole body due to the hyper-realistic effect, the response to the sound rich in non-stationary ultra-high frequency components exceeding the upper limit of the audible range is applied to the physiologically active substance in the blood. The indicators were analyzed and examined. As a result, a significant increase in NK cell activity was observed as compared with the case where a sound containing no superhigh frequency component was presented. This is part of the swaying physiological response of the effects (HSE) of non-stationary sounds containing abundant super-high frequency components exceeding the audible range reported by the authors on human physiology, psychology, and behavior (HSE). It is possible that

  “Neurophysiological examination of hypersonic effect by positron tomography—research of hyperreal effect (IV)” according to Example 6 will be described below.

1. the purpose.
Human audibility to reveal the neural mechanisms involved in the expression of hyperreal effects (information that has a structure with remarkable density, complexity, and transformability that activates brain function) The effect of sound containing abundant ultrahigh-frequency components exceeding the upper limit on the cranial nervous system was examined using positron tomography (PET).

  When cranial nerve activity increases, an increase in energy metabolism in the brain region causes an increase in regional cerebral blood flow. It is possible to form a tomographic image with high spatial resolution for the entire brain by administering water labeled with a radioisotope of oxygen (15O) to the living body and measuring the distribution in the brain with PET. It is. By comparing the distribution of cerebral blood flow at the time of receiving specific sensory stimuli or performing motor cognitive tasks with that under control conditions, and capturing the area where the regional cerebral blood flow has changed, the brain activity related to stimulus reception and task execution can be determined. Can be identified.

2. Method.
2-1. PET measurement.
Subjects were 12 healthy adults (8 males, 4 females, 19-34 years old). The sound source used was a traditional gamelan music "Ganbang Kuta" (200 seconds) in Bali, which contains abundant ultra-high frequency components above 20kHz. A sound sample was presented by installing a bi-channel sound reproduction system in the PET measurement chamber. A speaker was installed at a position facing the body at a distance of 1.5 m from the subject's ear, and the sound pressure was adjusted to a level sufficient for hearing and causing no discomfort. In addition to adjusting the temperature and humidity in the PET measurement room, pay attention to the visual information environment, such as removing the cables for sound reproduction devices and medical equipment necessary for PET measurement from the subject's field of view using environmental painting, planting, and furniture. Increased comfort.

Combining the audible range component (LFC) of the sound sample with the super high frequency component (HFC) exceeding the audible range,
(1) FRS (Full Range Sound) = LFC + HFC,
(2) HCS (High Cut Sound) = LFC only,
(3) LCS (Low Cut Sound) = HFC only,
(4) Baseline = background noise only,
The four presentation conditions were prepared. 6 subjects (1) (2) (4) and another 6 people (1) (3) (4) were presented twice in random order, and the regional cerebral blood flow under each condition Measured.

2-2. Data analysis.
Analysis of cerebral blood flow images obtained from each subject was performed using SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) software. After correcting the displacement of the head position during imaging and shaping the shape of each subject's brain in accordance with the Tairaic standard brain, statistical tests were performed using a general linear model. First, by comparing the cerebral blood flow between each experimental condition, a site where the cerebral blood flow increased or decreased was identified. After correcting for multiple comparisons by performing statistical tests on a large number of pixels, blood flow change sites were identified at a significance level of p <0.05. In addition, in order to identify the change tendency, a test using a level that does not correct for multiple comparisons was performed at the same time. Next, we attempted to depict a neural function network by extracting spatiotemporal patterns that change in correlation with each other from the covariance structure of data using principal component analysis.

3. result.
3-1. Comparison between conditions.
(1) Effects of audible range components.
At the time of presentation of the audible range sound, a significant increase in blood flow was observed in the primary auditory cortex and a tendency to decrease in the visual association cortex as compared to the background noise condition of the control (FIG. 90: FRS + HCS vs. Baseline). (Base line)).

(2) Effects of the ultrahigh-frequency component alone When the ultrahigh-frequency component was presented alone, there was no region that showed a clear tendency for both increased and decreased cerebral blood flow compared to the background noise condition ( Figure 90: LCS vs. Baseline (baseline)).

(3) Effect of super-high frequency components on audible component reception When presenting super-high frequency components at the same time as audible range components, a significant increase in blood flow is observed in the primary auditory cortex as compared to background noise conditions, and the thalamus and A tendency to increase blood flow was observed in the upper brain stem and a decrease in blood flow was observed in the visual association area (FIG. 90: FRS vs. Baseline (baseline)).

  On the other hand, when the audible range component was presented alone without the super-high frequency component, a significant increase in blood flow was observed in the primary auditory cortex, but no tendency to increase blood flow in the thalamus and upper brain stem was observed. Conversely, in addition to the visual association area, a tendency to decrease blood flow was also observed in the upper brainstem and the anterior wedge (FIG. 90: HCS vs. Baseline (baseline), FIG. 91).

  When the ultrahigh frequency component and the audible region component were simultaneously presented, the blood flow was significantly increased in the upper brain stem and the thalamus (FIG. 90: FRS vs. HCS).

3-2. Examination of neural function network by principal component analysis.
As the first component of the principal component analysis, that is, the maximum fluctuation component included in the data, a region including the primary auditory cortex on both sides was drawn (FIG. 92). Since this component takes a low value under the Baseline (baseline) condition and takes a high value under the FRS and HCS conditions, it is considered to be a functional network of the auditory nervous system.

  A deep brain region including the thalamus and upper brain stem was depicted as the second component of the principal component analysis, that is, the maximum variation component included after removing the variation of the first component from the data (FIG. 93). Since this component takes a high value in the order of FRS> Baseline (baseline)> HCS, it is considered to be a functional network in which a mutual effect is induced by the super-high frequency component.

4). Discussion.
As a result of examination using positron tomography, two neural functional networks related to sound reception including ultra-high frequency components were revealed. The first is a network of auditory nervous systems including bilateral primary auditory cortex, which is a classical auditory system that is activated by audible range components, regardless of whether the presented sound contains ultra-high frequency components. The second is a deep brain network including the thalamus and upper brainstem. This activity is activated by the coexistence of the super-high frequency component with the audible range component, but no change is observed in the super-high frequency alone, and is suppressed when the audible range component is presented alone. Since the deep brain is a base of opioid and monoamine neural circuits that are important for emotional system control, it is considered to be an emotional network that acts as a modulator in sound reception.

  The “physiology of the hypersonic effect” according to the seventh embodiment will be described below.

1. Identification of neural mechanisms involved in the development of hypersonic effects.
The present inventors have previously found that a sound containing abundant non-stationary components exceeding the upper limit of the human audible range has the effect of enhancing comfort and stimulating behavior and reporting it as a hypersonic effect. I have done it. The basis of various biological responses including psychological and behavioral responses of such listeners is a change in neural activity induced in the brain by sounds rich in ultrahigh frequency components. Therefore, in order to clarify the whole picture of the neuronal mechanisms involved in the development of the hypersonic effect, the influence of sound containing abundant ultrahigh-frequency components exceeding the upper limit of the human audible range on the cranial nervous system is examined. ).

When cranial nerve activity increases, an increase in energy metabolism in the brain region causes an increase in regional cerebral blood flow. The state is that tomographic imaging of the entire brain can be performed with high spatial resolution by administering water labeled with a radioisotope of oxygen ( ¹⁵ O) to a living body and measuring the distribution in the brain with PET. Is possible. By comparing the distribution of cerebral blood flow at the time of receiving specific sensory stimuli or performing motor cognitive tasks with that under control conditions, and capturing the area where the regional cerebral blood flow has changed, the brain activity related to stimulus reception and task execution can be determined. Can be identified.

1-1. Method.
Subjects were 12 healthy adults. The sound source used was a traditional gamelan music "Ganbang Kuta" (200 seconds) in Bali, which contains abundant ultra-high frequency components above 20kHz. A sound sample was presented by installing a bi-channel sound reproduction system in the PET measurement chamber. A speaker was installed at a position facing the body at a distance of 1.5 m from the subject's ear, and the sound pressure was adjusted to a level sufficient for hearing and causing no discomfort. In addition to adjusting the temperature and humidity in the PET measurement room, pay attention to the visual information environment, such as using environmental painting, planting, and furniture to remove cables for sound reproduction devices and medical equipment necessary for PET measurement from the subject's field of view. Increased comfort.

Combining the audible range component (LFC) of the sound sample with the super high frequency component (HFC) exceeding the audible range,
(1) FRS (Full Range Sound) = LFC + HFC,
(2) HCS (High Cut Sound) = LFC only,
(3) LCS (Low Cut Sound) = HFC only,
(4) Four presentation conditions were prepared: Baseline (baseline) = background noise only.
6 subjects (1) (2) (4) and another 6 people (1) (3) (4) were presented twice in random order, and the regional cerebral blood flow under each condition Measured.

  Analysis of cerebral blood flow images obtained from each subject was performed using SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) software. After correcting the displacement of the head position during imaging and shaping the shape of each subject's brain in accordance with the Tairaic standard brain, statistical tests were performed using a general linear model. First, by comparing the cerebral blood flow between each experimental condition, a site where the cerebral blood flow increased or decreased was identified. After correcting for multiple comparisons by performing statistical tests on a large number of pixels, blood flow change sites were identified at a significance level of p <0.05. In addition, in order to identify the change tendency, a test using a level that does not correct for multiple comparisons was performed at the same time. Next, we attempted to depict a neural function network by extracting spatiotemporal patterns that change in correlation with each other from the covariance structure of data using principal component analysis.

1-2. result.
(1) Effects of audible range components At the time of presentation of audible range sounds, a significant increase in blood flow was observed in the primary auditory cortex and a tendency to decrease blood flow in the visual association cortex compared to the control background noise conditions. (FIG. 94: FRS + HCS vs. Baseline (baseline)).

(2) Effects of the ultrahigh-frequency component alone When the ultrahigh-frequency component was presented alone, there was no region that showed a clear tendency for both increase and decrease in cerebral blood flow compared to the background noise condition ( Figure 94: LCS vs. Baseline).

(3) Effect of super-high frequency components on audible component reception When presenting super-high frequency components at the same time as audible range components, a significant increase in blood flow is observed in the primary auditory cortex as compared to background noise conditions, A tendency to increase blood flow was observed in the upper brain stem and a decrease in blood flow was observed in the visual association area (FIG. 94: FRS vs. Baseline (baseline)). On the other hand, when the audible range component was presented alone without the super-high frequency component, a significant increase in blood flow was observed in the primary auditory cortex, but no tendency to increase blood flow in the thalamus and upper brain stem was observed. Conversely, in addition to the visual association area, a tendency to decrease blood flow was also observed in the upper brain stem and the front of the wedge (FIG. 94: HCS vs. Baseline (baseline)). When the ultrahigh frequency component and the audible region component were simultaneously presented, a significant increase in blood flow was observed in the upper brainstem and thalamus (FIG. 94: FRS vs. HCS).

(4) Whole image of neural network by principal component analysis As a first component of principal component analysis, that is, a maximum fluctuation component included in data, a region including primary auditory cortex on both sides was drawn. This component is considered to be an auditory network because it takes a low value under the Baseline condition and a high value under the FRS and HCS conditions.

  The second component of the principal component analysis, that is, the largest variation component included after removing the variation of the first component from the data, is the frontal lobe orbit centering on the upper brain stem (middle brain), hypothalamus and deep brain region including the thalamus A network extending from the front to the prefrontal cortex and the anterior zonal gyrus was depicted (FIG. 95). Since this component has a high value in the order of FRS> Baseline> HCS, it has an effect of introducing a mutual effect on reception of an audible range component by an ultrahigh frequency component, and is considered to be an emotional / sensitive system.

2. Examination of systemic biological responses induced by hypersonic effects.
The neural network that supports the expression of the hypersonic effect revealed by PET is distributed mainly in neural tissues that play a fundamental role in the brain, such as the upper brain stem, hypothalamus, and thalamus. The brain trunk not only controls the nerve function of the entire brain, but also has a function of comprehensively managing tissue organs throughout the body via the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and the like. Therefore, it is undeniable that the change in the activity of the neural network including these brain trunks affects not only the nervous system but also widely affects the physiological functions of the whole body. Therefore, blood was collected from subjects who presented sounds with abundant and not containing super-high frequency components, and analyzed for physiologically active substance indicators in blood.

2-1. Method.
The test subjects were 16 healthy adults. The sound source used in the PET experiment was edited to a total length of 40 minutes and used as a sound sample. A reasonably comfortable listening seat was set up in a sufficiently large listening room. In addition to appropriate arrangement of furniture, paintings, and planting around the area, lighting and air conditioning were also adjusted to increase overall comfort. Using a bi-channel system, two conditions of FRS (Full Range Sound = LFC + HFC) and HCS (High Cut Sound = LFC only) are set, and 40-minute sound presentation is performed once. It was presented twice in total for each condition. There was a break of about 5 minutes between the two presentations. The presentation order was randomized between subjects, and the experiment was conducted under a blind fold.

  In order to avoid applying stress to the subject as much as possible, an indwelling needle was inserted in advance into the vein of the subject's arm before starting the experiment, and a tube was connected to maintain the blood collection line during the experiment. Blood samples were collected from the blood collection line when approximately 35 minutes had elapsed after the start of presentation each time for each sound presentation condition. The blood collection line was kept out of the subject's field of view, and the blood collection operation was also performed outside the subject's field of view so as to minimize stress as much as possible.

  Focusing on cellular immune activity that functions to maintain general health and defense of the body and endocrine substances related to both positive and negative mind-body correlations, 4 cellular immunity indicators (CD4 positive cell ratio, CD8 positive cell ratio, CD4 positive cell / CD8 positive cell ratio, NK cell activity) and 6 endocrine indicators (cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, β-endorphin, prolactin) were measured. Since each item had a large variation in measured values among subjects, the measured value for each item was normalized within the subject (the measured value for each condition was divided by the average value of the two conditions), and between the subjects The significance of the difference between conditions for the mean value was verified by a paired t test.

2-2. result.
The measurement results for each index condition are shown in FIG. It was shown that NK cell activity increased statistically significantly under FRS presentation compared to HCS.

3. Discussion.
Examinations using PET have revealed two neural functional networks related to sound reception including super-high frequency components. The first is a network of auditory nervous systems including bilateral primary auditory cortex, which is a classical auditory system that is activated by audible range components, regardless of whether the presented sound contains ultra-high frequency components. The second is a network based on the brain trunk including the thalamus, hypothalamus and upper brain stem. This activity is activated by the coexistence of the super-high frequency component with the audible range component, but no change is observed in the super-high frequency alone, and is suppressed when the audible range component is presented alone. Opioid and monoamine neural circuits are concentrated in the upper brain stem, which is the center of this network, and it is considered to be an emotional or emotional network that acts as a modulator in sound reception.

  In addition, the brain brain plays a role in controlling systemic functions through the endocrine system and the immune system. In this study, NK cells that showed statistically significant differences between FRS and HCS are responsible for the destruction and removal of cancer cells and virus-infected cells, and play a key role in cell-mediated immunity, which plays an important role in disease suppression and health maintenance. It is. At the same time, NK cell activity reflects the strength of resistance to stress in the body. Compared with HCS, NK cell activity significantly increased under FRS presentation, because activation of emotional and sensory nervous networks by sounds containing abundant ultrahigh-frequency components exceeding the upper limit of the audible range is related to in vivo information transmission. It is considered that the systemic immune activity is increased by giving and receiving cytokine, which is one of the substances, and suggests that the function of promoting health is exhibited. The present inventors have heretofore described that unsteady super-high-frequency components exceeding the upper limit of the audible range are extremely abundant in the natural environmental sounds of rainforests that humans have become accustomed to during the evolution process, whereas in urban environments, It has been reported that it is hardly included in the sound. Considering these findings together, it can be said that the influence of non-stationary ultra-high frequency components has the potential to affect not only the sound reception response but also the health problems inherent in urban residents.

  On the other hand, in this study, no statistically significant result was found in the endocrine index. One reason for this should be the possibility that the biological reaction caused by the pain, discomfort, and fear associated with “needle stick” for collecting blood disturbed the data. In this study, a method of securing a blood collection line was adopted to minimize the pain associated with blood collection, but it is still undeniable that discomfort and fear given to healthy subjects could not be ignored. . In the future, it will be necessary to establish measurement methods with less physical and mental burden for the subjects and to further study them.

4). Conclusion.
We investigated the effects of sounds containing abundant ultrahigh-frequency components exceeding the upper limit of the audible range on brain function and systemic physiological function. As a result, in the brain, activation of emotional and sensory neural networks based on the brain trunk was observed, and an increase in cellular immune activity was detected systemically. These results suggest that the presence or absence of non-stationary ultra-high frequency components may affect the health of the listener.

  In the eighth embodiment, a comparison of the spectrum and density of rainforest environment information and urban space environment information will be considered. Examples of tropical forest type environmental information are: Fig. 97 FFT spectrum of environmental sound recorded in Borneo Island, Malaysia, Fig. 98 FFT spectrum of environmental sound recorded in Java Island, Indonesia, Fig. 99 Ogawa recorded in Mongolian steppe 2 shows an FFT spectrum of the environmental noise of the murmuring. As a comparison, FIG. 100 shows an FFT spectrum of environmental sound recorded in an urban area of Nakano-ku, Tokyo as an example of urban space type environmental information. 97 to 100, the horizontal axis of the FFT spectrum indicates the air frequency per second, that is, the frequency. The vertical axis of the FFT spectrum is the decibel display of the power for each frequency estimated by the fast Fourier transform method.

  The perception limit of auditory information in humans is a range in which the air vibration per second is 20 times (frequency 20 Hz) or more and 20000 times (frequency 20 kHz). In each of the three rainforest-type environmental information cases, auditory information with a perceptual range density from 20 Hz to 20 kHz and a super perceptual range extending from 20 kHz to 130 kHz (130,000 air frequencies per second). Both auditory information with density exists. On the other hand, in the case of urban space type environment information, auditory information having a density in the perceptual range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz occupies an overwhelming ratio, and there is almost no auditory information having a density in the super perceptual range.

  The complexity is then compared in the ME spectrum array. As an example of rainforest type environmental information, Fig. 101 shows an environmental sound ME spectrum array recorded in Borneo Island, Malaysia, Fig. 102 shows an environmental sound ME spectrum array recorded in Java Island, Indonesia, and Fig. 103 shows Mongolia. The ME spectrum array of ambient sounds of Ogawa murmuring in the grassland is shown. For comparison, FIG. 104 and FIG. 105 show the ME spectrum array of environmental sound recorded in the urban area of Nakano-ku, Tokyo as an example of urban spatial environmental information. Here, FIG. 104 shows the ME spectrum of quiet room sound. FIG. 105 is an ME spectrum array of outdoor noise. 101 to 105, the horizontal axis of the ME spectrum indicates the air frequency per second, that is, the frequency. The vertical axis shows the power for each frequency estimated by the maximum entropy method in decibels. The axis from the front of the array to the back shows the progress of time.

  As is apparent from FIGS. 101 to 103, in the cases of the three types of rainforest environment information, the peak amplitude, frequency, or spectrum shape is shorter than 10 msec in the audible band and / or the super audible band exceeding 20 kHz. It changes greatly at intervals. On the other hand, as is clear from FIGS. 104 and 105, in the case of the urban space type environmental information, it is steady and hardly changes in the spectrum shape.

  FIG. 106 summarizes the above considerations, and is a diagram showing a table of differences between super-perception information and exclusive perception information in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 106, the exclusive sensory information is sensory information composed only of information within the perceptual limit. On the other hand, super-perceptual information is sensory information composed of perceivable information and information that exceeds (preferably significantly exceeds) the perception limit.

  The auditory density of the exclusive sensory information is only a perceptible band in which the auditory information density (air frequency per second) is 20 Hz or more and 20 kHz or less, and the complexity of the auditory information in the auditory information having the above density is The shape of the spectrum showing the structure of density and power is steady in the time domain smaller than 100 msec. On the other hand, the auditory density of super-perceptual information includes a perceptual band in which the auditory information density (air frequency per second) is 20 Hz to 20 kHz, a super-perceptive band that exceeds 20 kHz (at least 100 kHz), and preferably reaches 200 kHz. Both exist. Further, the complexity of super-perceptual information changes in the time domain in which the shape of the spectrum indicating the structure of density and power is at most 100 msec and at most 0.5 msec in the auditory information having the above density.

  Further, the visual density of the exclusive sensory information is such that the visual stimulus density (number of pixels / viewing angle (min)) does not exceed the minimum discrimination threshold visual acuity. Further, the complexity of the visual stimulus having the above density or the visual stimulus exceeding the above density is that the fractal dimension (capacitance dimension) of the visual information is substantially 2.0 or more and less than 2.2. On the other hand, the visual density of super sensory information has a density of visual stimulus density (number of pixels / viewing angle (min)) exceeding the minimum discrimination threshold visual acuity, and preferably 10 times that density. For visual stimuli with density, the capacity dimension of visual information is substantially greater than 2.2 and less than about 3.0.

  Furthermore, the sensory information structure has low density monotonicity, stationarity, and geometric regularity, and is composed of the deep brain and related monoaminergic neural projection system (sensing brain) Tend to inactivate. On the other hand, the information structure of super sensory information has a super-high density, high complexity, non-stationarity, and transformability, and the “sensory brain” (reward nervous system) consisting of the deep brain and related monoaminergic neural projection system. Have a tendency to activate.

  As described above, the rainforest type environment information defined by the present inventors is super sensory information that is sensory information composed of information that exceeds (preferably significantly exceeds) the perceptual limit together with perceptible information. The super sensory information may be generated and realized by the apparatus or system described in the present specification and drawings, and set in a predetermined space including at least one of an urban space, a living space, and a living space. it can. In addition, as a space for generating rainforest-type environmental information, indoor spaces including living spaces such as rooms, vehicles such as trains, automobiles, aircraft and ships, or outdoor such as gardens, parks, forests, etc. A predetermined space such as a space may be used.

  FIG. 107 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system for recording super-perceptual auditory information according to the ninth embodiment, and FIG. 108 is a graph illustrating frequency characteristics of the microphone 201 used in the system of FIG. 109 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the pre-emphasis circuit 203 used in the system of FIG. 107, FIG. 110 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of the pre-emphasis circuit 203 of FIG. 109, and FIG. 111 is the pre-emphasis circuit 203 of FIG. 5 is a graph showing phase characteristics of the emphasis circuit 203.

  In FIG. 107, first, air vibration holding super perceptual auditory information is input by the microphone 201 and converted into an electric signal. A microphone 201 having a flat frequency characteristic exceeding 20 kHz, for example, up to 100 kHz as shown in FIG. 108, preferably having a frequency characteristic extending to 200 kHz is used. The electric signal obtained by the microphone 201 is amplified by a high-performance microphone amplifier 202 to relatively reduce the influence of noise on the signal. Next, prior to analog / digital conversion, in order to improve the S / N ratio of an ultra-high density band that is susceptible to 1-bit noise accompanying quantization inherent in high-speed 1-bit analog / digital conversion, for example, FIG. The high frequency band is amplified by a pre-emphasis circuit 203 having the frequency characteristics shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 109, the pre-emphasis circuit 203 includes two operational amplifiers OPA1 and OPA2 and input resistors, input capacitors, and feedback resistors connected to them between the input terminal T1 and the output terminal T2. . High-speed 1-bit analog / digital conversion has a principle weak point that quantization noise is added to an ultra-high density band. In order to avoid this, in addition to contrivances such as pushing up the noise to the higher frequency side, the pre-emphasis circuit 203 amplifies the high frequency to such an extent that the influence of the noise can be relatively ignored, and then performs analog / digital conversion. Conversely, after digital / analog conversion, measures may be taken to reproduce the sound after reducing the high frequency range.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 110, an emphasis circuit 203 and a de-emphasis circuit 213 with an unconventional device are used. That is, it is as follows.
(1) For example, it has a frequency characteristic of +20 dB at 200 kHz, and has a relatively low-density high-speed 1-bit analog / digital conversion that is used in the past. It can be used for any conversion method.
(2) Since a simple shelving filter is used, it is easy to build an inverse circuit, and the frequency characteristics and phase characteristics of the emphasis circuit 203 + de-emphasis circuit 213 are flat.
(3) The use of a primary filter simplifies the circuit and leads to the effect (2).
(4) With respect to the phase characteristics, a smooth curve having no specific inflection point is provided, so that the circuit has less adverse effects on the sound quality.

  The electric signal after passing through the pre-emphasis circuit 203 is digitized by the high-speed 1-bit A / D converter 104. By setting the sampling frequency to, for example, 2.8224 MHz or 5.6448 MHz, it is possible to record a higher-density acoustic signal than in the past. For example, it is desirable to have a characteristic of −10 dB or −5 dB at 100 kHz. The electrical signal digitized through the above processing is recorded on a recording medium such as a magnetic tape or an optical disk such as a DVD-RAM by the high-speed recorder 205, whereby super-perceptive auditory information can be recorded. In analog / digital conversion, means such as PCM conversion having equivalent quality may be used.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 107 described above, only one channel is described for the sake of simplicity of explanation, but multi-channeling is an important requirement for recording environmental information.

  FIG. 112 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system for reproducing super-perceptual auditory information according to the tenth embodiment, and FIG. 113 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a de-emphasis circuit 213 used in the system of FIG. 114 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of the de-emphasis circuit 213 in FIG. 113, and FIG. 115 is a graph showing the phase characteristics of the de-emphasis circuit 213 in FIG.

  In FIG. 112, first, the player 211 reads a digital data signal from a recording medium that is a super-perceptive medium. For example, digital information of a super audio CD that is widely used as a super sensory package medium is read by a super audio CD player. Next, the read digital data signal is converted into an analog signal by the D / A converter 212. For example, a super audio CD uses a high-speed 1-bit analog / digital conversion and a direct stream digital (DSD) recording method, and can in principle be reproduced to an ultra-high density band. However, the digital / analog converter built in the conventional super audio CD player has a super high density band of 50 kHz or more in the digital / analog conversion circuit in order to remove the peak of 1-bit noise appearing in the super high density band. A roll-off function is provided, and super-perceptual auditory information exceeding 50 kHz is reduced. In order to prevent this, by changing the digital / analog conversion circuit, there is no 1-bit noise peak in the ultra-high density band, and the function to reproduce analog signals without reducing the information in the ultra-high density band is realized. . For example, it is desirable to have a characteristic of −10 dB or −5 dB at 100 kHz. In digital / analog conversion, means such as PCM conversion having equivalent quality may be used.

  Further, in the case of a signal analog / digital converted using the pre-emphasis circuit 203, the de-emphasis processing is performed by the de-emphasis circuit 213 having frequency characteristics corresponding to the pre-emphasis circuit 203 following the digital / analog conversion. . As shown in FIG. 113, the de-emphasis circuit 213 includes two operational amplifiers OPA1 and OPA2 and input resistors, input capacitors, and feedback resistors connected to them between the input terminal T11 and the output terminal T12. .

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 113, a de-emphasis circuit 213 with an unconventional device is used. That is, it is as follows.
(1) For example, it has a frequency characteristic of −20 dB at 200 kHz, and a relatively low-density high-speed 1-bit digital / analog conversion used in the past, as well as a noise floor peak at a higher frequency that will be developed in the future. It is also possible to support conversion methods that would have
(2) Since a simple shelving filter is used, it can be easily realized as an inverse circuit of the pre-emphasis circuit 203 shown in FIG. 203, and the amplitude characteristic and phase characteristic of the frequency characteristic of pre-emphasis + de-emphasis are flat. It has become a thing.
(3) The use of a primary filter simplifies the circuit and leads to the effect (2).
(4) With respect to the phase characteristics, a smooth curve having no specific inflection point is provided, so that the circuit has less adverse effects on the sound quality.

  Next, the preamplifier 214 amplifies the electric signal. It is desirable to use a high-quality resistance switching attenuator and to have a frequency characteristic of −3 dB at 200 kHz, for example. Then, the electric signal is amplified by the power amplifier 215. The power amplifier 215 uses a power amplifier unit that ensures frequency response characteristics and transient response characteristics corresponding to signals in an ultra-high density band, and has a frequency characteristic of −3 dB at 200 kHz, for example, and a distortion rate of 0.01%. It is desirable to suppress. Finally, an electrical signal is converted into sound and reproduced by a speaker system including three types of speakers 216, 217, and 218. The super high density band signal is reproduced using the super tweeter 216. The signal in the audible band is reproduced by forming a two-way speaker system of a tweeter 217 and a woofer 218, for example. The entire speaker system has a flat characteristic from 20 Hz to 100 kHz, and it is desirable to cover up to 200 kHz.

  It is desirable to use a known bi-channel system from amplification to reproduction. That is, one input signal is branched into an ultra-high-density band and an audible band, and two completely independent output signals are obtained. This makes it possible to conduct precise experiments without being affected by group delay characteristics, intermodulation distortion, etc. in experiments such as acoustic physiology and cognitive psychology to investigate the effects of ultra-high-density auditory information . Note that a method not based on the bi-channel method in which the ultra-high density band and the audible band are amplified and reproduced by the same circuit may be used. Here, for simplification of explanation, only one channel has been described. However, multi-channeling is an important requirement for reproducing environment information.

In Example 11, a double helical matrix coordination method used in a system in which a plurality of speakers are arranged will be described below. In the eleventh embodiment, a case where a double helical matrix is created with 5-channel surround will be exemplified. In the following drawings, the following five speakers are used.
(1) Front left speaker FL.
(2) Front right speaker FR.
(3) Rear left speaker RL.
(4) Rear right speaker RR.
(5) Upper center speaker UC.

  FIG. 116 shows a normal 4-channel surround speaker arrangement according to the prior art. In this speaker arrangement, the front left speaker FL and the rear left speaker RL are on the same left side. Next, when arranged in a double helical matrix, the result is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 117, the front left speaker FL is on the left side, while the rear left speaker RL is arranged on the right side. As a result, the human being inside the space faces the sound on the left side and the sound on the right side regardless of the direction of the four sides. In addition, you will hear all five channels. It is a feature of the double helical matrix that the three-dimensional effect and continuity are realized by adding the upper central speaker UC.

  FIG. 118 shows a case where the double helical matrix is repeatedly arranged in one direction. In the speaker arrangement shown in FIG. 118, a person inside this space always faces the left and right sounds, and listens to all five channels. FIG. 119 shows a case where a double helical matrix is repeatedly arranged in two directions. In the speaker arrangement shown in FIG. 119, a person inside this space always faces the left and right sounds, and listens to all five channels. Further, FIG. 120 illustrates the arrangement of the sounds on the left side and the sounds on the right side. In FIG. 120, the left sound and the right sound are intertwined, and the left speaker array and the right speaker array are spiraled by repeating the front surface-rear surface-front surface-rear surface-, respectively.

  Further, when a double helical matrix is made with 5-channel surround, as shown in FIG. 121, if it is difficult to provide the upper central speaker UC at the center upper portion of the matrix, as shown in FIG. UCs are placed above the middle point between the front left speaker FL and the rear right speaker RR and above the middle point between the front right speaker FR and the rear left speaker RL, and flow at the same volume. Thus, the same effect as that provided at the center upper part can be obtained.

  Next, a hardware system for realizing the double helical matrix will be described below with reference to FIGS. 123 to 125. In FIG. 123, a signal from the surround sound source reproduction device 221 is input to each input terminal T21 of each of the speakers with amplifiers 241 to 245 of the first matrix unit 231, and the through signal output from each through terminal T22 is The signals are input to the input terminals T21 of the speakers 251 to 255 with amplifiers of the second matrix unit 232. The through signals output from the through terminals T22 of the amplifier-equipped speakers 251 to 255 in the second matrix unit 232 are input to the input terminals T21 of the amplifier-equipped speakers 261 to 265 of the third matrix unit 233. Further, the signals are output from the through terminals T22 of the speakers 261 to 265 with amplifiers of the third matrix unit 233.

  Here, each of the matrix units 231, 232, and 233 includes five amplifier-equipped speakers 241 to 265 in a matrix unit shown in FIG. 124, and each of the amplified speakers 241 to 265 includes an input terminal T21 and a through terminal. The same sound signal is reproduced by connecting a through terminal T22 and an input terminal T21 of a series of speakers (for example, front left speakers FL) having T22 and having the same role. Each of the amplifier-equipped speakers 241 to 265 is configured as shown in FIG. That is, the signal input via the input terminal T21 is branched into two, and one signal is output to the through terminal T22 via the output buffer amplifier 274, while the other signal passes through the pre-equalizer 271 and the power amplifier 272. And output to the speaker unit 273 for reproduction. Here, since the input signal is buffered and amplified by the output buffer amplifier 274, the signal is not attenuated even if a plurality of speakers are connected.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 123 described above, the case where one surround sound source reproduction device 221 is used has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and two or more surround sound source reproduction devices 221 may be used.

  FIG. 126 is a plan view showing an arrangement of speakers arranged in an office space 280 as a first application example using the double helical matrix coordination method according to the eleventh embodiment. In FIG. 126, desks 281 to 285 are arranged in the office space 280, and four matrices in two rows and two columns are arranged two-dimensionally so as to overlap each other using the above-described helical matrix coordination method. doing. Here, for example, the front left speaker FL, the front right speaker FR, the rear left speaker RL, and the rear right speaker RR are installed at a height of 1 m to 2 m from the floor, and the upper center speaker UC is 3 m to 4 m high. Install in.

  FIG. 127 is a plan view showing an arrangement of speakers arranged in a shopping street as a second application example using the double helical matrix coordination method according to the eleventh embodiment. In FIG. 127, there is a linear shopping street sidewalk 290 between two shopping groups 291 and 292. The front left speaker FL, the rear right speaker RR, and the front left speaker FL are arranged in this order along the side of the store group 291 of the sidewalk 290, and the front right speaker FR along the side of the store group 292 of the sidewalk 290. The rear left speaker RL and the front right speaker FR are arranged in this order. That is, two matrices of one row and two columns are arranged one-dimensionally so as to overlap each other by using the above-described helical matrix coordination method. Here, for example, the front left speaker FL, the front right speaker FR, the rear left speaker RL, and the rear right speaker RR are installed at a height of 1 m to 2 m from the floor, and the upper center speaker UC is 3 m to 4 m high. Install in.

  In the twelfth embodiment, a method for generating and displaying a fractal pattern still image and a moving image will be described below. The fractal pattern can be synthesized using a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1149992 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 1999265435. In addition, the environment can be set by using a fractal structure that exists mainly in nature as a still image or a moving image. However, the fractal structure is such that, for example, a capacity dimension f-dimension, which will be described in detail later, is substantially 2.2 or more and less than 3.0 among the fractal dimensions. It is necessary to extend to a super-perception area with a fineness exceeding the accuracy.

  FIG. 128 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a system that presents a high-density fractal stimulus that extends to the super-perception area according to the twelfth embodiment. For example, a presentation device shown in FIG. 128 is installed in a laboratory that can block sound and light from the outside. The controller 302 reads high-density fractal image data having a capacity dimension of 2.2 or more stored in advance on an image storage medium (for example, an optical disk) from the image storage medium drive device 301, and uses a high-definition projector 303 for viewing. The image is projected on the mat screen 304 installed in front of the person. At this time, for example, when a viewer views an image presenting a high-density fractal image of 2048 pixels wide on a 160 cm wide screen from a distance of 310 cm, the visual stimulus definition is calculated as 1.19. It is possible to present high-density fractal visual stimuli that span the super-perceptive region above 1.0. Also, the visual angle presented by the visual stimulus presented at this time is 29 degrees, which means that a wide visual field including peripheral vision has been exposed to the visual stimulus. In addition, according to the experiments by the present inventors, an electroencephalogram measurement experiment using this system shows that the environment setting by high-density fractal visual stimulation over the super-perception region enhances the electroencephalogram α wave statistically significantly. It was.

  Further, the definition of the discrimination threshold visual acuity v-acity and the definition of the capacity dimension f-dimension will be described below.

  First, the discrimination threshold visual acuity is correctly called “minimum readable threshold” and is defined as follows. The minimum readable threshold means a minimum size that can be read and distinguished from characters and graphics. The target widely used at present to measure the minimum readable threshold is the Landolt ring (Landolt ring or Landolt C) defined by the 1909 International Ophthalmological Society. As shown in FIG. 129, the Landolt ring is drawn in black on a white background, and the thickness of the line is defined as 1/5 of the outer diameter. The problem is to determine the direction of the cut, and the reciprocal of the visual angle (unit: minute) of the width of the cut that can finally be used is used as the visual acuity index. For example, when the width of the cut is 1 minute, the visual acuity is 1.0, and when the width of the cut is 10 minutes, the visual acuity is 0.1.

  The standard vision test method using the Landolt ring is as follows. Usually, one eye is measured from a distance of 5 m. Illumination of the standard visual acuity inspection apparatus is internal illumination, and the luminous flux divergence is 500 rlx ± 150 rlx. In the case of illumination from the front, a visual surface illuminance of 400 lx to 800 lx is defined as a semi-standard. The target is read in ascending order from 0.1 to the smallest target that can be read. The criterion for the determination is to show 4-5 visual targets in the same row, and make the visual acuity value that can be answered correctly more than half of them.

  In the above description, the capacity dimension f-dimension is used as a variable representing the capacity dimension among the fractal dimensions. The fractal dimension is one of the scales representing the fractal nature of the structure, and the capacity dimension f-dimension can be defined as a value obtained by the following calculation procedure.

  First, the luminance of each pixel belonging to the screen constituting the visual stimulus is calculated, and the three-dimensional structure is assumed by regarding the luminance level as the degree of vertical variation with respect to the screen. When this three-dimensional structure is expressed by stacking an integer number of unit cubes having a certain size, the surface portion of the three-dimensional structure (three-dimensional structure and surrounding space) depends on the size of the cube (the fineness of the measure). The number of unit cubes constituting the boundary) changes. The exponent part of the numerical value expressing the degree of change of the number of unit cubes as the power of the change rate of the measure is the capacity dimension (fractal dimension).

  In Example 13, the present inventors conducted an experiment in the laboratory that compares the case where only the urban environmental sound was presented to the subject and the case where the environmental sound of the tropical forest was added to the urban environmental sound. went. The sound recorded in the urban area of Nakano-ku, Tokyo was used as the urban environmental sound, and the sound recorded in Borneo Island, Republic of Malaysia, was used as the environmental sound of the tropical forest. The presentation time was 40 minutes. Evaluation items were physiological evaluation by analysis of physiologically active substances in blood (FIG. 130), physiological evaluation by electroencephalogram measurement (FIG. 131), and psychological evaluation by questionnaire survey (FIG. 132).

  FIG. 130 shows the result of collecting blood from a subject immediately after the end of sound presentation and analyzing the bioactive substance index in blood. As is clear from FIG. 130, the NK cell activity and the immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M, which have a cancer suppressive effect and a virus infection preventive effect, are more tropical forest environmental sounds than in the case of urban environmental sounds alone. It was confirmed that the effect of adding tropical sound increased and the immune activity increased by adding tropical forest environmental sound. Adrenaline is considered as an index of stress, and the intensity of receptive stress is lower when tropical forest environmental sounds are added than when only urban environmental sounds are used. It was confirmed to have an effect. Here, among the stresses, a slight stress is not harmful and often acts effectively on the human body. However, excessive stress exceeding that limit will break the function of homeostatic maintenance (homeostasis), causing discomfort and harming health. In the present invention, it is possible to set an environment that is friendly to the human brain, that is, an environment that is comfortable for humans and that is free from excessive stress.

  FIG. 131 shows the result of measuring and analyzing the electroencephalogram for 40 minutes during sound presentation. The average potential of the α2 band (10 Hz-13 Hz) of the total 7 electrodes at the top of the head and the back of the head was determined, and the values normalized for each subject were used for analysis. This index has been found to be highly correlated with deep brain activity and is named the Deep Brain Activity Index (DBA index). It was statistically significant that the deep brain activity index increased when tropical forest environmental sound was added than when only urban environmental sound was added.

  FIG. 132 shows a psychological evaluation result by the questionnaire survey method. The horizontal axis represents the evaluation items, and the vertical axis represents the average value of the scores. By adding the environmental sound of tropical forest to the urban environmental sound, the overall comfort of the environment is enhanced, and it is detected statistically significant that it shows the effect of improving brain function and the effect of attracting people to the urban environment. I was able to.

  In the fourteenth embodiment, speaker arrangement using the 6-dimensional continuous matrix coordination method will be described below.

  FIG. 133 is a perspective view showing a 4-channel surround speaker arrangement according to the prior art. The four-channel surround speaker arrangement of FIG. 133 is raised up to a predetermined height as shown in FIG. Then, a sound channel located between the front surface and the rear surface is added, and the speakers are referred to as a center left speaker CL and a center right speaker CR. The center left speaker CL and the center right speaker CR are arranged at a height slightly above the ground. The speaker arrangement in FIG. 134 is referred to as a matrix in this embodiment.

  Next, when the matrix in FIG. 134 is repeatedly arranged in one direction, the result is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 135, in any matrix, the left sound comes from the left side and the right sound comes from the right side, so that the sound field is normally formed. Also, the front sound and the rear sound appear alternately. Furthermore, since there is a sound of the central speaker that connects between the front sound and the rear sound, a continuous space can be felt.

  Furthermore, when the matrix of FIG. 134 is repeatedly arranged in two directions, the result is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 136, since there are a left sound column and a right sound column in any matrix, the sound field is formed so as to be felt normally. Also, the front sound and the rear sound appear alternately. Furthermore, since there is a central sound that connects between the front sound and the rear sound, a continuous space can be felt.

  Next, a sound channel located between the front surface and the rear surface is added to the 4-channel surround speaker arrangement of FIG. 133, and the speakers are referred to as a center left speaker CL and a center right speaker CR. Here, these two speakers CL and CR are arranged above. The speaker arrangement in FIG. 137 is referred to as a matrix according to a modification of the fourteenth embodiment.

  Then, when the matrix of FIG. 137 is repeatedly arranged continuously in one direction, it becomes as shown in FIG. In FIG. 138, the sound field is normally formed because the left sound comes from the left side and the right sound comes from the right side in any matrix. Also, the front sound and the rear sound appear alternately. Furthermore, since there is a central sound that connects between the front sound and the rear sound, a continuous space can be felt.

  Furthermore, when the matrix of FIG. 137 is repeatedly arranged in two directions, it becomes as shown in FIG. In FIG. 139, since there is a left sound column and a right sound column in any matrix, the sound field is formed so that it can be felt normally. Also, the front sound and the rear sound appear alternately. Furthermore, since there is a central sound that connects between the front sound and the rear sound, a continuous space can be felt.

  Here, the double helical matrix coordination method according to Example 11 and the 6-dimensional continuous matrix coordination method according to Example 14 are summarized as follows.

  When these two matrix coordination methods are collectively defined by a superordinate concept, the “speaker matrix coordination method” is a speaker coordination method that constitutes a surround sound field. Speaker arrangement in which speaker groups to be presented are continuously arranged on a grid or parallel lines based on a certain principle so that adjacent speakers present sounds of different channels, and expanded into a space of any size Can be defined as legal.

  In addition, the “speaker double helical matrix coordination method” is a speaker matrix coordination method in which 5 channels (front left, front right, rear left, rear right, upper or lower) or 6 channels (front left, front (Right, rear left, rear right, upper or lower left, upper or lower right) sound sources are used, and the speaker group presenting them is switched alternately between left and right channels like a double helix of DNA. Can be defined as a speaker configuration method.

  Furthermore, “speaker 6-dimensional continuous matrix coordination method” means 6 channels (front left, front right, rear left, rear right, upper or lower left, upper or lower right) of speaker matrix coordination methods. The left and right channel columns are arranged alternately and continuously, and the front and rear channels are alternately placed in the upper (or lower) channel in each row. It can be defined as a speaker coordination method in which the speaker is continuously arranged while sandwiching.

  FIG. 140 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a system that reproduces an acoustic signal including super-perceptual auditory information according to the fifteenth embodiment. The sound environment setting including super perceptual auditory information can also be performed by installing the system of FIG.

  The following equipment is used to reproduce ultra high density air vibration information that exceeds the audible range. That is, ultra-high density exceeding the upper limit of the audible range with high brain core activation effect included in super-perceptive sound sources recorded on electronic media, such as rainforest environmental sounds, gamelan sounds, hypersonic music boxes sounds, electronic sounds, etc. The player 211 shown in FIG. 112 reads out an audio signal (for example, a signal written on the optical disk 211A) in which one or more components are mixed. Next, the read audio signal is reproduced using the D / A converter 212, the high-amplifier preamplifier 214A, the high-channel power amplifier 215A, and the super tweeter 216 shown in FIG.

  In order to reproduce auditory information in the audible range, a sound source that records sounds in an audible frequency band that does not necessarily have the same origin as the ultra-high density component, for example, an arbitrary CD (compact disc) 211B (for example, The CD player 211a reads an audible range signal from a music CD format) and converts it into an analog signal by the D / A converter 212a. Next, the electric signal is amplified by the headphone power amplifier 215B. Finally, the electric signal is converted into an audible sound by the headphones 215C and reproduced. The playback device may use a power amplifier and a speaker instead of the headphones 215C. Further, a plurality of systems for reproducing audible auditory information may be prepared, and a plurality of people may listen to different sounds.

  As described above, the ultra-high density air vibration information exceeding the audible range is reproduced in the entire space, and at the same time, music or the like recorded in the conventionally used media in the audible band is limited by the headphone 215C or the speaker. It is possible to set up an environment having the characteristics of the present invention by playing back the images. At this time, in the audible range, it is possible that individuals can individually play any auditory information such as specific music that they like and enjoy it, and at the same time enjoy the brain cadence activation effect by hypersonic effect This is an example feature.

  In the present embodiment, only one super tweeter 216 is described for simplicity of explanation, but a plurality of super tweeters may be provided.

  According to the above embodiments and examples, according to the environment setting method and apparatus and the information for environment setting according to the present invention, the tropical environment is based on the activation characteristics of the human brain trunk for the rainforest type environment information. By arranging the means for setting the rainforest type environment in a predetermined space including at least one of the urban space, the living space, and the living space, the space is substantially set as a rainforest type environment, and a human being Activating the brain core of the human body to realize an environment friendly to the human brain. Here, the rainforest type environmental information has a higher density and higher complexity than the urban space type environmental information, and the rainforest type environmental information has a hypersonic effect as described above. It includes at least one of auditory information such as ultra-high frequency sound that can be obtained, visual information, and super-perception information of air vibration. The environment friendly to the human brain is an environment that is comfortable for humans and free from excessive stress. Furthermore, the rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by stress by realizing an environment that is gentle to the human brain. Therefore, compared to the prior art, a space including an urban space, a living space, and a living space can be realized in a more comfortable environment for humans. As a result, it is possible to greatly reduce human stress in the space, further enhance the comfort of the mind, and maintain good body health. In addition, the above rainforest environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as modern diseases caused by stress by realizing an environment friendly to the human brain. Can prevent and treat diseases.

  As mentioned above, human ancestors diverged from orangutans 13 million years ago and then evolved in the African rainforest environment. This tropical rainforest environment is much denser, more complex and more varied than the urban environment for the sound and light information described above, and is the original promise of human genes. The environment is considered to be a rainforest environment. Today's cities have created a low-density, monotonous environment that is opposite to the natural environment of humans. Many modern diseases such as lifestyle-related diseases are thought to be caused by a large gap between the human environment and the urban environment. In order to solve these problems and prevent and treat modern diseases, the present invention provides a predetermined space including at least one of an urban space, a living space, and a living space substantially equivalent to a rainforest environment. It provides a means for forming and converting to a rainforest type environment.

It is a table | surface which shows the environmental sound regulation standard of Japan by the environmental standard regarding the noise based on Article 16 Clause 1 of the Environmental Basic Law. It is a table | surface which shows the classification | category of the sound widely used until now by ISO2204-1979 acoustics (Acoustics) and ANSI-SI13. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the quiet room sound among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the quiet room sound among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the room sound which turned on the television among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the room sound which turned on the television among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of outdoor noise of a passage among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows ME spectrum array of the outdoor noise of a passage of time among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the sound of the road through which the truck passes among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the sound of the road where the track | truck passes among the spectrum of the sound of a town. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the environmental sound of the mansion forest of Japan (Tsukuba) among the spectrum of a village sound. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the environmental sound of the mansion forest of Japan (Tsukuba) among the spectrum of a sound of a village. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the environmental sound of the village village of Bali among the spectrum of a village sound. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the environmental sound of the village village of Bali among the spectrum of village sound. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the environmental sound of the rainforest of Panama among the spectrum of the sound of a forest. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the environmental sound of the rainforest of Panama among the spectrum of the sound of a forest. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the environmental sound of the tropical rain forest of Java among the spectrum of the sound of a forest. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the environmental sound of the rainforest of Java Island among the spectrum of the sound of a forest. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the sound of the festival space of Bali among the spectrum of the sound of healing and rest. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the sound of the festival space of Bali among the spectrum of the sound of healing and the sound of rest. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the sound of a hypersonic music box among the spectrums of the sound of healing and rest. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the sound of a hypersonic music box among the spectrum of the sound of healing / rest. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the sound of the murmur of the creek of a Mongolian grassland among the spectrum of the sound of a healing sound and a rest. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the sound of the stream of the stream of a Mongolian grassland among the spectrum of the sound of a healing sound and a rest. It is a figure which shows an original-adaptive-self-disassembly model, a is a figure of an original mode, b is a figure of an adaptation mode, and c is a figure of a self-disassembly mode. It is a graph which shows the action control model by emotion and sensitivity. It is a figure which shows the primate phylogenetic tree. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the relationship with the brain region | part in the multiple feedback control model of action, (b) is a block diagram which shows the multiple feedback control model of action of Fig.28 (a). It is a table | surface which shows an analog / digital spectrum. (A) is a diagram showing the contrast of sound spectra that appear in the micro-temporal structure of the first part of the song of Toru Takemitsu “November Steps No. 1”. It is a figure shown, (b) is a figure which shows the shakuhachi ME spectrum array of the 1st part of the music of FIG. 30 (a). (A) is a diagram showing the contrast of the sound spectrum that appears in the micro time structure of the second part of the song of Toru Takemitsu “November Steps No. 1”, and shows the ME spectrum array of a Western orchestra. (B) is a diagram showing a shakuhachi ME spectrum array of the second part of the song of FIG. 31 (a), and (c) is a third part of the song of FIG. 31 (a). FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a ME spectrum array of (A) is the figure which shows the analog-digital conversion of the music which made the mediation of a staff score, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the sound of a gamelan, (b) is a figure which shows the staff score based on Fig.32 (a) (C) is a diagram showing an ME spectrum array of piano sounds played based on the staff of FIG. 32 (b). It is a figure which shows the power spectrum of a gamelan music Ganban Kuta, Comprising: It is a spectrum figure of the average FFT spectrum of all the music (200 seconds). It is a spectrum figure which shows the time-dependent change which looked at all the music of FIG. 33 with the ME spectrum array. It is a spectrum figure of the audible range reproduction | regeneration sound in a test subject's position regarding the music of FIG. It is a spectrum figure of the super-high region reproduction sound in a test subject's position regarding the music of FIG. It is a figure which shows the physiology, psychology, and behavioral reaction which the hypersonic sound containing a hypersonic effect super-high frequency leads, Comprising: The hypersonic sound containing a super-high frequency is a figure which shows increasing brain wave alpha wave with a time difference. It is a figure which shows that a hypersonic sound activates a brain backbone network. It is a figure which shows that brain fundamental part activity and EEG alpha wave activity link. It is a diagram showing that the hypersonic sound can be heard beautifully and pleasantly. It is a figure which shows that a hypersonic sound is heard by a big sound volume and raises an electroencephalogram alpha wave activity. (A) is a graph showing an increase in immune activity / stress activity when listening to hypersonic sound, and is a graph showing a relative value of NK cell activity, and (b) is a hypersonic sound in FIG. 42 (a). 42 is a graph showing the absolute value of immunoglobulin A due to the above, (c) is a graph showing the absolute value of chromogranin A by hypersonic sound or the like of FIG. 42 (a), and (d) is a graph showing the absolute value of FIG. It is a graph which shows the absolute value of adrenaline by hypersonic sound etc. It is a figure which shows the consciousness change (transformer) and physiological change of a mysterious dedication drama "Charanaran" of Bali, and is a spectrum figure which shows abundant super high frequency component of the accompanying music techtecan sound. 43 (a) is a graph showing changes in the concentration of noradrenaline among the nerve active substance concentrations in the blood of the performer in FIG. 43, and (b) is a change in the concentration of dopamine in the nerve active substance concentration in the blood of the performer in FIG. (C) is a graph showing a change in the concentration of β-endorphin among the nerve active substance concentrations in the blood of the performer in FIG. 43. (A) is a graph showing the change in brain wave power of the person who transformed among the performers in FIG. 43, and (b) is a graph showing the change in brain wave power of the person who did not transform among the performers in FIG. (A) is a diagram showing the high level of activity of the media called LP, where the cartridge is the sound spectrum of the average value spectrum of all songs 84 seconds from “Shinka” from the second movement of “Rinka Symphony”, “Rinka Symphony”. 46 is a spectrum diagram according to DENON_DL-103 showing that the frequency is changed, (b) is a spectrum diagram according to DENON_DL-1000 with respect to the average value spectrum of FIG. 46 (a), and (c) is an average value spectrum of FIG. 46 (a). Is a spectrum diagram according to SATIN_M-21P. (A) is a diagram showing the high level of activity of the media called LP, and recordings of some of the spectrum of “Rinka Symphony” from the Geinoyama Castle Gumi “Shanghwa” to “Kongo Akira” over 100 kHz of LP. -It is a spectrum figure at the time of CD reproduction | regeneration which shows reproduction | regeneration capability, (b) is a spectrum figure at the time of LP reproduction | regeneration about the spectrum of Fig.47 (a). It is a figure which shows that LP reproduction | regeneration sound containing a super high frequency is more mind-and-body than CD reproduction | regeneration sound, Comprising: It is a spectrum figure which shows the frequency power spectrum of the sound used for experiment. FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view showing a generation position of an electroencephalogram α wave indicating that an LP reproduction sound including a super-high frequency enhances an electroencephalogram α wave when the sound of FIG. 48 is used. It is a figure which shows the measurement result which shows that LP reproduction sound containing a superhigh frequency is beautifully cracked when using the sound of FIG. The two-dimensional perceptual model and the functional linkage between the active areas are diagrams showing that the hypothesis is turned into theory, and the two-dimensional perceptual model is a diagram showing that the physiological, psychological, and behavioral cooperative control model is supported. The two-dimensional perceptual model and its functional linkage between the functional areas show that the hypothesis turns into theory, and the physiological, psychological, and behavioral cooperative control model supports the original rainforest original model. is there. It is a figure which shows the application example of the sound environment design friendly to the brain, Comprising: It is a photograph which shows the accelerating environment simulator “Studio α”. It is a figure which shows the application example of sound environment design friendly to a brain, Comprising: It is an international flower and green exposition (EXPO'90) outdoor pavilion and water object "Aleph". It is a figure which shows the example of application of sound environment design friendly to a brain, Comprising: It is a photograph which shows EXPO'90 festive large-scale outdoor play and landscape opera "Gaia". It is a figure which shows the example of an application of sound environment design friendly to a brain, Comprising: It is a figure which shows transition of the brain wave (alpha) reflecting the increase in brain core activity in the media art "Wianta Healing" viewing process. It is a figure which shows the application example of the sound environment design friendly to a brain, Comprising: It is a spectrum figure which shows the sound environment of Sony Mediage Atrium. It is the figure which shows the application example of sound environment design which is kind to the brain, is the photograph which shows the hypersonic music box. It is a table showing various spreads of brain-friendly sound environment design. It is a graph which shows that brain activity will increase if sound is densified while watching a video image, and brain activity will increase further if image density is raised more. It is a block diagram of the system for action evaluation using a hypersonic audio system. It is a power spectrum of sound material, and is a spectrum diagram of FRS (full range sound). It is a power spectrum of the sound material of FIG. 62, Comprising: It is a spectrum figure of HCS (high cut sound). 3 is a timing chart showing an experimental procedure of Example 1. It is an experimental result of Example 1, and is a graph showing average listening levels in FRS and HCS. It is an experimental result of Example 2, Comprising: It is a graph which shows the average listening level in FRS in process 3, and HCS. It is a block diagram which shows the sound presentation system which concerns on Example 2. FIG. 6 is a photograph showing remote control of a volume in Example 2. 10 is a graph showing reproduction frequency characteristics of the speaker system in Example 2. It is a graph which shows the frequency characteristic of the presentation sample measured in the test subject position in Example 2. 6 is a timing chart showing the procedure of a behavioral evaluation experiment in Example 2. 6 is a timing chart showing the procedure of a psychological evaluation experiment in Example 2. It is a block diagram of the electroencephalogram measurement system in Example 2. 6 is a timing chart showing the procedure of a physiological evaluation experiment in Example 2. It is a result of the behavioral evaluation experiment in Example 2, Comprising: It is a graph which shows temporal transition of the listening volume for every presentation condition. It is a result of the behavioral evaluation experiment in Example 2, Comprising: It is a graph which shows the average value according to presentation conditions of the listening volume set by the trial of listening. It is a figure which shows the result (1) of the psychological evaluation experiment in Example 2. FIG. It is a result (2) of the psychological evaluation experiment in Example 2, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the result list of the statistical test for every evaluation scale. It is a result of the physiological evaluation experiment in Example 2, Comprising: It is a graph which shows the average value according to presentation conditions of an electroencephalogram alpha wave potential. FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an experimental system of Example 3. It is an experimental result of Example 3, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the power spectrum of a presentation sample. 10 is a timing chart showing a procedure of an experiment in Example 3. It is the result 1 of the behavioral experiment in Example 3, Comprising: It is a graph which shows the time transition of the average value according to presentation conditions of listening volume. It is the result 2 of the behavioral experiment in Example 3, Comprising: It is a graph which shows the average value according to presentation conditions of the optimal listening volume adjusted finally. It is a result of the psychological experiment in Example 3, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the average preference degree for every presentation condition. It is a result of the physiological experiment in Example 3, Comprising: It is a graph which shows the average value according to presentation conditions of the electroencephalogram alpha wave potential of the second half 90 seconds of sound presentation. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the 1st block in Example 4. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the 2nd block in Example 4. 10 is a table showing average values of blood physiological activity index measured values (normalized values in a subject) in Example 5. 10 is a table showing cerebral blood flow change sites under various conditions in Example 6. It is a photograph which shows the site | part which showed the blood-flow phenomenon compared with the background noise condition at the time of the independent presentation of the audible area component in Example 6. (A) is a neural functional network depicted by principal component analysis in Example 6, and is a cross-sectional photograph showing the sagittal plane of the first principal component, and (b) of FIG. 92 (a). It is a cross-sectional photograph which shows the coronal surface among the 1st main components, (c) is a cross-sectional photograph which shows the transverse surface among the 1st main components of Fig.92 (a). (A) is a neural functional network depicted by principal component analysis in Example 6, and is a cross-sectional photograph showing the sagittal plane of the second principal component, and (b) is a diagram of FIG. 92 (a). It is a cross-sectional photograph which shows the coronal surface of the 2nd main component, (c) is a cross-sectional photograph which shows the transverse surface of the 2nd main component of Fig.92 (a). It is a table | surface which shows the area | region which shows the significant change in CBF in Example 7. 10 is a cross-sectional photograph showing a neural network that promotes the generation of a hypersonic effect in Example 7. FIG. 10 is a table showing average values of bioactive substances in Example 7. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the rainforest environmental sound of Borneo Island of Malaysia measured by inventors in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the rainforest environmental sound of Java Republic of Indonesia measured by inventors in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the environmental sound of the stream of the Ogawa of the Mongolian plateau measured by inventors in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the FFT spectrum of the environmental sound of the urban area of Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan measured by inventors in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the rainforest environmental sound of Borneo Island of Malaysia measured by the inventors in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the rainforest environmental sound of Java Island, Republic of Indonesia, measured by the inventors in Example 8. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the environmental sound of the murmur of the creek of the Mongolian plateau measured by the inventors in Example 8. It is a figure which shows the ME spectrum array of the quiet indoor sound of the urban area of Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan measured by inventors in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows ME spectrum array of the outdoor noise of the urban area of Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan measured by inventors in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows the table | surface of the difference between the super perception information and exclusive perception information in this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the system which records the super-perceptive auditory information which concerns on Example 9. FIG. It is a graph which shows the frequency characteristic of the microphone 201 used with the system of FIG. FIG. 108 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a pre-emphasis circuit 203 used in the system of FIG. 107. It is a graph which shows the frequency characteristic of the pre-emphasis circuit 203 of FIG. It is a graph which shows the phase characteristic of the pre-emphasis circuit 203 of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the system which reproduces | regenerates the super sensory auditory information which concerns on Example 10. FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the de-emphasis circuit 213 used with the system of FIG. It is a graph which shows the frequency characteristic of the de-emphasis circuit 213 of FIG. It is a graph which shows the phase characteristic of the de-emphasis circuit 213 of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the speaker arrangement | positioning of 4 channel surround which concerns on a prior art. It is a perspective view which shows the speaker arrangement | positioning of the double helical matrix arrange | positioned using the double helical matrix coordination method based on Example 11. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows speaker arrangement | positioning when a double helical matrix is continuously arranged repeatedly in one direction using the double helical matrix coordination method based on Example 11. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the speaker arrangement | positioning when a double helical matrix coordination method concerning Example 11 is repeatedly arranged continuously in two directions. FIG. 119 is a plan view showing the speaker arrangement illustrated focusing on the juxtaposition of the left speaker and the right speaker in the system of FIG. 119; It is a perspective view which shows the speaker arrangement | positioning of the double helical matrix which concerns on Example 11. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows a speaker arrangement | positioning when two upper center speakers UC are provided in the speaker arrangement | positioning of the double helical matrix of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an electrical circuit when driving a some speaker using the double helical matrix coordination method which concerns on Example 11. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the matrix unit which is the basic arrangement | positioning of the speaker using the double helical matrix coordination method based on Example 11. FIG. FIG. 126 is a block diagram showing a configuration of amplifier-equipped speakers 241 to 265 of FIG. 123. It is a top view which shows arrangement | positioning of the speaker arrange | positioned in the office space 280 which is a 1st application example using the double helical matrix coordination method based on Example 11. FIG. It is a top view which shows arrangement | positioning of the speaker arrange | positioned in the shopping street which is a 2nd application example using the double helical matrix coordination method which concerns on Example 11. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the system which presents the high-density fractal stimulus which covers the super-perception area | region which concerns on Example 12. FIG. It is a front view which shows the Landolt ring index used by the definition in Example 12. FIG. It is a graph which shows the change of the bioactive substance by addition of the sound of a forest measured by inventors in Example 13. It is a graph which shows activation of the electroencephalogram alpha wave by addition of the sound of a forest measured by inventors in Example 13. FIG. It is a graph which shows the impression improvement of the sound environment by addition of the sound of a forest measured by inventors in Example 13. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the speaker arrangement | positioning of 4 channel surround which concerns on a prior art. It is a perspective view which shows the speaker arrangement | positioning of the matrix arrange | positioned using the 6-dimensional continuous matrix coordination method based on Example 14. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows speaker arrangement | positioning when a matrix is repeatedly arrange | positioned continuously to one direction using the 6-dimensional continuous matrix coordination method which concerns on Example 14. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows speaker arrangement | positioning when a matrix is repeatedly arrange | positioned continuously to two directions using the six-dimensional continuous matrix coordination method based on Example 14. FIG. It is a top view which shows the speaker arrangement | positioning which added two speakers CL and CR in the system of FIG. FIG. 138 is a perspective view showing a speaker arrangement when the matrix of FIG. 137 is continuously and repeatedly arranged in one direction. FIG. 138 is a perspective view showing a speaker arrangement when the matrix of FIG. 137 is continuously and repeatedly arranged in two directions. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the system which reproduces | regenerates the acoustic signal containing the super-perceptive auditory information which concerns on Example 15. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

101 ... Signal disc,
102 ... Hypersonic SACD player,
103 ... fader,
104: Preamplifier,
105 ... de-emphasis control circuit,
106, 111 ... high channel,
107, 112 ... low channel,
108 ... high-pass filter,
109 ... low-pass filter,
110: Power amplifier,
113 ... Super Tweeter,
114 ... Toucan monitor,
115 ... the subject,
116: Remote controller,
120 ... Reproduction system,
151. Analysis program,
152 ... filter,
153 ... Personal computer,
154 ... Receiver,
155 ... antenna,
201 ... Microphone,
202 ... an amplifier,
203 ... Pre-emphasis circuit,
204 ... A / D converter,
205 ... recorder,
211 ... Player,
211a CD player,
211A ... optical disc,
211B ... CD,
212, 212a ... D / A converter,
213: De-emphasis circuit,
214, 214A ... Preamplifier,
215, 215A ... power amplifier,
215B ... an amplifier,
215C ... headphones,
216 ... Super Tweeter,
217 ... Tweeter,
218 ... woofer,
221 ... Surround sound source playback device,
231 ... first matrix unit,
232 ... second matrix unit,
233 ... third matrix unit,
241 to 245, 251 to 255, 261 to 265 ... speakers with amplifiers,
271 ... Pre-equalizer,
272: Power amplifier,
273 ... speaker unit,
274: Output buffer amplifier,
280 ... Office space,
281 to 285 ... desk,
290 ... shopping street sidewalk,
291, 292 ... stores,
301: Image storage media drive device,
302 ... Controller,
303 ... projector,
304 ... screen,
CL: Center left speaker,
CR: Center right speaker,
FL: Front left speaker,
FR: Front right speaker,
RL: Rear left speaker,
RR: Rear right speaker,
UC ... Upper center speaker,
OPA1, OPA2, OPA11, OPA12 ... operational amplifier,
T1, T11 ... input terminals,
T2, T12 ... output terminals,
T21: Input terminal,
T22: Through terminal.

Claims (21)

  A means for setting a rainforest-type environment based on the activation characteristics of human brain cores for rainforest-type environment information is arranged in a predetermined space including at least one of an urban space, a living space, and a living space An environment setting method characterized in that, by setting the space substantially in a rainforest environment, the human brain backbone is activated to realize an environment friendly to the human brain.   The environment setting method according to claim 1, wherein the rainforest type environment information has a higher density and higher complexity than the urban space type environment information.   The environment setting method according to claim 1, wherein the rainforest type environment information includes at least one of auditory information, visual information, and air vibration super-perception information.   3. The environment setting method according to claim 1, wherein the rainforest type environment information is super sensory information that is sensory information composed of perceptible information and information exceeding a perceptual limit.   The said setting means reproduce | regenerates the said rainforest type | mold environmental information using at least one of the several speaker arrange | positioned by the matrix coordination method, and a visual information presentation apparatus, The environment setting method according to any one of 1 to 4.   6. The environment setting method according to claim 1, wherein the environment friendly to the human brain is an environment comfortable for humans and free from excessive stress.   7. The rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in prevention and treatment of a disease caused by stress by realizing an environment friendly to the human brain. The environment setting method according to any one of the above.   A means for setting a rainforest-type environment based on the activation characteristics of human brain cores for rainforest-type environment information is arranged in a predetermined space including at least one of an urban space, a living space, and a living space By doing so, the environment setting device is characterized in that the space is substantially set in a rainforest environment, and the human brain backbone is activated to realize an environment friendly to the human brain.   9. The environment setting device according to claim 8, wherein the tropical rain forest type environment information has a higher density and higher complexity than the urban space type environment information.   10. The environment setting device according to claim 8, wherein the tropical rainforest type environment information includes at least one of auditory information, visual information, and air vibration super-perception information.   10. The environment setting device according to claim 8, wherein the rainforest type environment information is super sensory information which is sensory information composed of perceptible information and information exceeding a perceptual limit.   The said setting means reproduce | regenerates the said rainforest type | mold environmental information using at least one of the several speaker arrange | positioned by the matrix coordination method, and a visual information presentation apparatus, The environment setting device according to any one of 8 to 11.   The environment setting device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the environment friendly to the human brain is an environment comfortable for humans and free from excessive stress.   14. The rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in prevention and treatment of a disease caused by stress by realizing an environment friendly to the human brain. The environment setting device according to any one of the above.   A means for setting a rainforest-type environment based on the activation characteristics of human brain cores for rainforest-type environment information is arranged in a predetermined space including at least one of an urban space, a living space, and a living space Information for setting the environment, characterized in that the space is substantially set in a rainforest environment, and the human brain core is activated to realize an environment friendly to the human brain.   The environment setting information according to claim 15, wherein the rainforest type environment information has a higher density and higher complexity than the urban space type environment information.   The environment setting information according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the tropical rain forest type environment information includes at least one of auditory information, visual information, and air vibration super-perception information.   The environment setting information according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the rainforest environment information is super sensory information that is sensory information composed of perceptible information and information exceeding a perceptual limit.   The said setting means reproduce | regenerates the said rainforest type | mold environmental information using at least one of the several speaker arrange | positioned by the matrix coordination method, and a visual information presentation apparatus, Information for setting an environment according to any one of 15 to 18.   The environment setting information according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the environment friendly to the human brain is an environment that is comfortable for humans and does not have excessive stress. 21. The rainforest-type environmental information is environmental information for effectively functioning in prevention and treatment of a disease caused by stress by realizing an environment friendly to a human brain. Information for setting an environment according to any one of the above.