JP2005002031A - Method for producing fluorinated alkylamine - Google Patents
Method for producing fluorinated alkylamine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】腐食性の高いハロゲン化アンモニウムの副生がなく、装置材料として汎用のステンレスが使え、目的とするフッ化アルキルアミンに対応するニトリル化合部やニトロ化合物といった特殊な原料を必要とせず、汎用の原料(フッ化アルキルアルコール)で、しかも一段反応によりフッ化アルキルアミンを製造する方法を提供する。
【解決手段】フッ化アルキルアルコールとアンモニア及び必要により水素を金属触媒及び/又は固体酸触媒と接触させることを特徴とするフッ化アルキルアミンの製造方法を提供する。
【選択図】 なし[PROBLEMS] There is no by-product of highly corrosive ammonium halide, general-purpose stainless steel can be used as a device material, and no special raw materials such as nitrile compounds or nitro compounds corresponding to the target fluorinated alkylamine are required. Provided is a method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine by a one-stage reaction using a general-purpose raw material (fluorinated alkyl alcohol).
The present invention provides a method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine, which comprises contacting a fluorinated alkyl alcohol with ammonia and optionally hydrogen with a metal catalyst and / or a solid acid catalyst.
[Selection figure] None
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はフッ化アルキルアミンの製造方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、フッ化アルキルアミンの新規製造方法に関し、フッ化アルキルアルコールとアンモニアから接触反応によりフッ化アルキルアミンを直接製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フッ化アルキルアミンのような含フッ素アミン化合物は、医薬・農薬中間原料として極めて有用である。これまでにフッ化アルキルアミンの製造方法として、以下の2つの方法が知られている。
(1)対応するフッ化アルキルハライドとアンモニアを反応させる方法
(2)対応するニトリル化合物またはニトロ化合物を水素化還元する方法
(1)として種々の提案がされている(例えば、特許文献1及び特許文献2参照。)。
【0003】
前者は、CF3(CH2)nCl(nは1〜5の整数を表わす。)で表されるフッ化アルキルハライドと濃NH3水を150〜200℃,高圧で反応させる方法である。
【0004】
後者は、N−メチルピロリドン、グリコール等の無水不活性溶媒の存在下で2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルハライドに対して1〜3倍モルの無水NH3を170〜240℃、1〜11MPaで反応させる方法である。
【0005】
(2)として、種々の提案がされている(例えば、特許文献3及び特許文献4参照。)。
【0006】
前者は、対応するニトリル化合物を液相、25〜170℃、大気圧下で水素化還元し、所望のフッ化アルキルアミンを選択的に得る方法である。
【0007】
後者は、対応するニトロ化合物を2MPa以上の水素圧で水素化還元して所望のフッ化アルキルアミンを得る方法である。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
米国特許第2348321号明細書
【特許文献2】
米国特許第4618718号明細書
【特許文献3】
米国特許第3532755号明細書
【特許文献4】
独国特許発明第3336498号明細書
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、前記(1)、(2)いずれの方法も課題を有し、工業的技術に成り得ない。
【0010】
即ち、特許文献1の方法では、塩化アンモニウムが副生し、この分離と処理が必要である。その為、工程数が多くプロセスが複雑になる。更に、水系で塩化アンモニウムが存在することにより、高温での装置腐食が激しくなる。特許文献2の方法では、無水の不活性な有機溶媒を用い、非水系で反応させることから装置の腐食性はかなり押さえられる。しかし、塩化アンモニウムは副生するので装置腐食は起こりうる。又、副生する塩化アンモニウムの分離・除去が必要であり、プロセスが複雑になる。更に、(CF3(CH2)n)2NHが副生して目的とするフッ化アルキルアミンの選択率が低下する。
【0011】
一方、(2)の方法の特許文献3では比較的容易にフッ化アルキルアミンを収率良く製造できる。しかし、原料のニトリル化合物が特殊で入手困難であり、又その合成も難しい。又、特許文献4も同様、原料のニトロ化合物の入手が困難で、原料からの製造となるとプロセス及び操作は複雑で煩雑となる。更に、ニトロ化合物の水素化還元も容易ではなく、オキシム体及びヒドロキシル体といった中間化合物が副生する。
【0012】
これら従来法の課題に対して、本発明の目的は腐食性が高いハロゲン化アンモニウム等の生成がなく、装置材料として汎用のステンレスが使え、又、フッ化アルキルアミンに対応するニトリル化合物やニトロ化合物といった特殊な原料を必要とせず、汎用の原料で、しかも一段反応でフッ化アルキルアミンを製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは前記課題に鑑み、フッ化アルキルアミンの合成反応について、これまでの調査、有機反応機構からの各種反応経路の検討、そして各種合成実験を鋭意検討した。その結果、フッ化アルキルアルコールとアンモニアを原料とし、特定の触媒の存在下で接触させることにより、フッ化アルキルアミンを製造できるという新しい技術を見出し、遂に本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0014】
すなわち本発明は、フッ化アルキルアルコールとアンモニア及び必要により水素を金属触媒及び/又は固体酸触媒と接触させることを特徴とするフッ化アルキルアミンの製造方法である。
【0015】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0016】
本発明で用いられる原料は、フッ化アルキルアルコールとアンモニアである。フッ化アルキルアルコールのフッ化アルキル基としては、フッ素原子を含むエチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、シクロプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、ヘキシル基、シクロヘキシル基、オクチル基、デシル基等が挙げられる。これらのフッ化アルキル基に含まれるフッ素原子の数と位置は特に限定されない。好ましいフッ化アルキルアルコールはF(CF2)n(CH2)mOH(n及びmはそれぞれ独立した1以上の整数を表わす。)の構造式で表され、かつ炭素数が2〜10の化合物であり、より有用なフッ化アルキルアミンを効率よく製造できる。さらに、フッ化アルキルアルコールのフッ化アルキル基がトリフルオロエチル基、トリフルオロプロピル基、トリフルオロブチル基であることが好ましく、具体的には、2,2,2−トリフルオロエタノール、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロパノール又は4,4,4−トリフルオロブタノールであり、それらの入手は比較的容易で、そのアミン化合物は有用で医農薬原料として注目されている。
【0017】
本発明の反応ではこのフッ化アルキルアルコールとアンモニア及び必要によっては水素も併用して触媒と接触させる。
【0018】
使用する触媒は金属触媒及び/又は固体酸触媒である。金属触媒を使用する時には水素を併用すると触媒活性が高く、また長く維持できる。
【0019】
金属触媒としては、周期表第8〜10族の元素から選ばれた1種以上の金属が好ましい。具体的にはニッケル、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、パラジウム、白金から選ばれた1種以上の金属が好ましく、効率よくフッ化アルキルアミンを製造できる。更に好ましい金属触媒はニッケル系のラネーニッケル、安定化ニッケル、そしてシリカ、アルミナ、ジルコニア等の比表面積の大きい担体に担持されたニッケル金属担持触媒である。これらは量的にも経済的にも入手容易で、触媒活性は高く、本発明の目的に適した触媒である。
【0020】
固体酸触媒としては、シリカ、アルミノシリケート、酸化ニオブから選ばれた1種以上である。アルミノシリケートとして好ましいのは結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトであり、特にシリカアルミナモル比が12以上のペンタシル型ゼオライトが好ましく、活性及び耐久性が高い。これら固体酸触媒は通常ビーズ状、ペレット状等に造粒した形で使用される。
【0021】
又、本発明の接触反応は回分式、流通式いずれも適用できる。
【0022】
回分式では加圧容器に原料のフッ化アルキルアルコールと触媒、場合によってはジオキサン等の溶媒を仕込み、気相部を窒素ガス等の不活性ガスで置換する。そしてアンモニア及び必要であれば水素ガスを一定量加圧充填する。ここでのアンモニアの充填量はフッ化アルキルアルコールに対し1〜10倍モルが好ましい。1倍モル未満であると反応進行が不十分になり、10倍モルを超えると圧力が過大となり特殊な加圧容器が必要となる。より好ましいアンモニア量は1〜5倍モルである。水素量は特に限定されないが、フッ化アルキルアルコールの5倍モル以下で良い。原料仕込み後、攪拌下で加温し反応を進める。ここでの接触温度は特に限定されない。それは原料種、触媒種及び他の条件により異なるからである。しかし、通常100〜300℃が好ましく、150〜230℃が特に好ましい。この接触温度は一定であっても、又途中上下させても構わない。接触温度が低すぎると反応進行が不十分となり、温度が高すぎると圧力が過大となり、特殊な加圧容器が必要となる。圧力は条件により決定され、特に限定されない。通常、1〜30MPa(絶対圧、以下同じ)、好ましくは20〜30MPaである。反応終了後、冷却し、ガス成分を除去した後、反応液から生成物のフッ化アルキルアミンを回収する。
【0023】
流通式では通常、固定床流通式となる。反応管に成形触媒を充填し、加温、そして原料のフッ化アルキルアルコール、アンモニア、必要によっては水素ガスを連続導入する。ここでのアンモニアの導入量はフッ化アルキルアルコールに対して1〜10倍モルが好ましい。少ないと反応進行が不十分となり、多過ぎると未反応アンモニアの回収操作が負担となる。より好ましいアンモニア量は1〜5倍モルである。水素ガス量は特に制限はないが、フッ化アルキルアルコールに対して2倍モル以下で十分である。接触温度は前述の回分式反応と同様に特に限定されない。しかし、通常150〜500℃が好ましく、250〜450℃がより好ましい。接触温度が低いと反応進行が不十分となり、接触温度が高すぎると脱フッ素反応を起こしたり、コーク生成、金属触媒のシンタリング等により触媒が失活する。又、接触温度は一定でも触媒層間で分布を持たせても良い。圧力は特に限定されないが、流通式の特徴は比較的低い圧力でも操作できることであり、通常、0.05〜30MPa、好ましくは0.1〜20MPaである。又、圧力と接触温度によってはガス・液混合状態になることもあるが特に問題はない。反応器から生成物を取り出し、冷却してガス成分を除去した後、反応液から生成物のフッ化アルキルアミンを回収する。
【0024】
目的生成物はフッ化アルキルアルコールに対応したフッ化アルキルアミンであるが、副生成物で有用な化合物は単離・回収する。反応液からのフッ化アルキルアミンの回収は、蒸留、抽出、塩等での晶析操作が利用できる。特に加圧蒸留が効果的であり、高純度品が得られる。又ここで未反応原料を回収し反応にリサイクルすることもできる。この時、反応効率は向上し、経済性が高まる。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に何等限定されるものではない。
【0026】
以下に実施例に用いた化合物の略称を示す。
【0027】
TFEA:2,2,2−トリフルオロエタノール
TFEN:2,2,2−トリフルオロエチルアミン
さらにTFEA転化率、TFEN選択率を次のように定義する。
【0028】
実施例1
300mlの撹拌器付きSUS316製オートクレーブに、TFEA73.1g(0.73mol)、金属触媒としてラネーNi(日興リカ社製R−239)14.9gを仕込み窒素置換を行った。その後、液体NH360.7g(3.6 mol)(NH3はTFEAに対して4.9倍モル供給)を加圧充填し、水素で2 MPaのゲージ圧力とした。そしてヒーターで加熱し、230℃で20時間保持し接触反応を行った。そして、降温しオートクレーブを10℃以下に冷却し、気相部のTFENをトルエンと冷却水の2段トラップに導き捕集した。オートクレーブの反応液には水150gを添加、希釈して全量を回収した。そしてガス吸収液と反応液をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析し、TFEA転化率が13.3%、TFEN選択率が98.9%であった。反応器の腐食は皆無であった。
【0029】
実施例2
金属触媒として包埋型ラネーNi(デグサ社製 B413DSA)38.1 g(約40ml)を内径20mm、有効長540mmのSUS316製管状反応器に充填した。触媒充填部長さは140mmであった。反応器上部より下向き流れに窒素を200Nml/min、水素を50Nml/minで流しながら外部ヒーターで反応器を270℃とした。窒素の供給を止めてNH3を250Nml/min、TFEAを15g/hrでフィード(NH3はTFEAに対して5倍モル供給)した。反応圧力は大気圧であった。反応器下部の生成物を水トラップに捕集し、この捕集液のガスクロマトグラフィー分析により、TFEA転化率17.0%、TFEN選択率37.7%であることを確認した。反応後の反応器の腐食は皆無であることを確認した。
【0030】
実施例3
実施例2と同じ反応器に金属触媒として安定化Ni(堺化学社製 ST−175=33)を41.3g(約40ml)充填し、反応器上部から下向き流れに窒素を200Nml/min、水素を50Nml/minで流しながら反応器を270℃とした。窒素の供給を止めてNH3を250Nml/min、TFEAを15g/hrでフィード(NH3はTFEAに対して5倍モル供給)した。反応圧力は大気圧であった。反応器下部の生成物を水トラップに捕集し、この捕集液のガスクロマトグラフィー分析により、TFEA転化率51.4%、TFEN選択率35.3%であることを確認した。反応後の反応器の腐食は皆無であった。
【0031】
実施例4
実施例2に記載の反応器に固体酸触媒として結晶性アルミノシリケートゼオライトであるZSM−5型ゼオライト(東ソー社製860NHA(シリカ/アルミナモル比72)100部をバインダーとしてシリカ33部を使用し押出し成型した後、水蒸気雰囲気下750℃で4時間焼成したもの)を約40ml(25.2g)充填し、反応器上部から下向き流れ式に窒素を200ml/minで流通したのち、反応器を420℃に昇温した。窒素の供給を止めてNH3を250ml/minで流通した後、TFEAを15g/hrでフィード(NH3はTFEAに対して5倍モル供給)して反応を開始した。このとき、反応圧力は大気圧であった。反応器下部から出る生成物混合物を水に捕集して所望の生成物を得た。この捕集液のガスクロマトグラフィー分析により、TFEAの転化率が0.47%、TFENの選択率が33.2%であることを確認した。反応後に反応器の腐食はほとんど見られなかった。
【0032】
実施例5
実施例2に記載の反応器に固体酸触媒として酸化ニオブ(日揮化学社製100G13)を約32ml(35.0g)充填し、反応器上部から下向き流れ式に窒素を200ml/minで流通したのち、反応器を360℃に昇温した。窒素の供給を止めてNH3を250ml/minで流通した後、TFEAを15g/hrでフィード(NH3はTFEAに対して5倍モル供給)して反応を開始した。このとき、反応圧力は大気圧であった。反応器下部から出る生成物混合物を水に捕集して所望の生成物を得た。この捕集液のガスクロマトグラフィー分析により、TFEAの転化率が7.46%、TFENの選択率が2.23%であることを確認した。反応後に反応器の腐食はほとんど見られなかった。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明はこれまで提案のない新しいフッ化アルキルアミンの製造法を提供する。本発明は、フッ化アルキルアルコールとアンモニア及び必要により水素を金属触媒及び/又は固体酸触媒と接触させてフッ化アルキルアミンを製造する方法である。この方法の特徴を次に列記する。
(1)一段反応であり、プロセスと操作がシンプルである。
(2)従来法で大きな問題となったハロゲン化アンモニウムの副生がなく反応時のスケーリング、反応装置の腐食、ハロゲン性有機廃液の処理の問題がない。
(3)装置材質に汎用のステンレスを用いることができる。
(4)プロセスがシンプルで反応系に溶媒を用いる必要もなく、その為反応後に未反応原料をリサイクルでき、反応効率を高めることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine, and relates to a method for directly producing a fluorinated alkylamine from a fluorinated alkyl alcohol and ammonia by a catalytic reaction.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fluorine-containing amine compounds such as fluorinated alkylamines are extremely useful as intermediate materials for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. So far, the following two methods are known as a method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine.
Various proposals have been made as (1) a method of reacting a corresponding fluorinated alkyl halide and ammonia (2) a method (1) for hydroreducing a corresponding nitrile compound or nitro compound (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patents) Reference 2).
[0003]
The former is a method in which a fluorinated alkyl halide represented by CF 3 (CH 2 ) n Cl (n represents an integer of 1 to 5) and concentrated NH 3 water are reacted at 150 to 200 ° C. and high pressure.
[0004]
In the latter case, 1 to 3 moles of anhydrous NH 3 is added to 170 to 240 ° C. and 1 to 11 MPa with respect to 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl halide in the presence of an anhydrous inert solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone and glycol. It is the method of making it react.
[0005]
Various proposals have been made as (2) (for example, see Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4).
[0006]
The former is a method in which the corresponding nitrile compound is hydroreduced in a liquid phase at 25 to 170 ° C. under atmospheric pressure to selectively obtain a desired fluorinated alkylamine.
[0007]
The latter is a method for obtaining a desired fluorinated alkylamine by hydrogenating the corresponding nitro compound at a hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa or more.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
US Pat. No. 2,348,321 [Patent Document 2]
US Pat. No. 4,618,718 [Patent Document 3]
US Pat. No. 3,532,755 [Patent Document 4]
German Patent Invention No. 3336498 Specification [0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, both the methods (1) and (2) have problems and cannot be industrial techniques.
[0010]
That is, in the method of Patent Document 1, ammonium chloride is by-produced, and this separation and treatment are necessary. Therefore, the number of steps is large and the process becomes complicated. Furthermore, the presence of ammonium chloride in the aqueous system causes severe equipment corrosion at high temperatures. In the method of Patent Document 2, since an inert inert organic solvent is used and the reaction is performed in a non-aqueous system, the corrosiveness of the apparatus is considerably suppressed. However, ammonium chloride is a by-product and equipment corrosion can occur. In addition, it is necessary to separate and remove by-product ammonium chloride, which complicates the process. Furthermore, (CF 3 (CH 2 ) n ) 2 NH is by-produced, and the selectivity of the target fluorinated alkylamine is lowered.
[0011]
On the other hand, in Patent Document 3 of the method (2), a fluorinated alkylamine can be produced with a high yield relatively easily. However, the raw material nitrile compound is special and difficult to obtain, and its synthesis is also difficult. Similarly, in Patent Document 4, it is difficult to obtain a nitro compound as a raw material, and when manufacturing from the raw material, the process and operation are complicated and complicated. Furthermore, the hydrogenation reduction of nitro compounds is not easy, and intermediate compounds such as oxime and hydroxyl are by-produced.
[0012]
In order to solve the problems of the conventional methods, the object of the present invention is to produce a highly corrosive ammonium halide or the like, and to use a general-purpose stainless steel as a device material. Also, nitrile compounds and nitro compounds corresponding to fluorinated alkylamines It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine by a one-stage reaction without using a special raw material.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors diligently investigated the previous studies, various reaction pathways from organic reaction mechanisms, and various synthetic experiments for the synthesis reaction of fluorinated alkylamines. As a result, the inventors have found a new technique in which a fluorinated alkylamine can be produced by using a fluorinated alkyl alcohol and ammonia as raw materials and contacting them in the presence of a specific catalyst, and finally completed the present invention.
[0014]
That is, the present invention is a method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine, which comprises contacting a fluorinated alkyl alcohol, ammonia, and optionally hydrogen with a metal catalyst and / or a solid acid catalyst.
[0015]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0016]
The raw materials used in the present invention are fluorinated alkyl alcohol and ammonia. Examples of the fluorinated alkyl group of the fluorinated alkyl alcohol include a fluorine-containing ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, octyl group, and decyl group. . The number and position of fluorine atoms contained in these fluorinated alkyl groups are not particularly limited. A preferred fluorinated alkyl alcohol is a compound having a structural formula of F (CF 2 ) n (CH 2 ) m OH (n and m each independently represents an integer of 1 or more) and having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Thus, more useful fluorinated alkylamines can be efficiently produced. Furthermore, the fluorinated alkyl group of the fluorinated alkyl alcohol is preferably a trifluoroethyl group, a trifluoropropyl group, or a trifluorobutyl group. Specifically, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 3,3 , 3-trifluoropropanol or 4,4,4-trifluorobutanol, and their availability is relatively easy, and their amine compounds are useful and attract attention as raw materials for medicines and agrochemicals.
[0017]
In the reaction of the present invention, the fluorinated alkyl alcohol, ammonia, and optionally hydrogen are also used in contact with the catalyst.
[0018]
The catalyst used is a metal catalyst and / or a solid acid catalyst. When using a metal catalyst, the combined use of hydrogen results in high catalytic activity and can be maintained for a long time.
[0019]
As the metal catalyst, one or more metals selected from elements of Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table are preferable. Specifically, one or more metals selected from nickel, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, palladium and platinum are preferable, and a fluorinated alkylamine can be produced efficiently. Further preferred metal catalysts are nickel-based Raney nickel, stabilized nickel, and nickel metal supported catalyst supported on a support having a large specific surface area such as silica, alumina, zirconia and the like. These are easily available both quantitatively and economically, have high catalytic activity, and are suitable for the purposes of the present invention.
[0020]
The solid acid catalyst is at least one selected from silica, aluminosilicate, and niobium oxide. A crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite is preferable as the aluminosilicate, and a pentasil-type zeolite having a silica-alumina molar ratio of 12 or more is particularly preferable and has high activity and durability. These solid acid catalysts are usually used in the form of granulated beads or pellets.
[0021]
The contact reaction of the present invention can be applied to both batch and flow types.
[0022]
In the batch system, a pressurized container is charged with a raw material fluorinated alkyl alcohol and a catalyst, and in some cases a solvent such as dioxane, and the gas phase is replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas. A fixed amount of ammonia and hydrogen gas are charged under pressure if necessary. The filling amount of ammonia here is preferably 1 to 10 times the mole of the fluorinated alkyl alcohol. If it is less than 1 mol, the reaction progress is insufficient, and if it exceeds 10 mol, the pressure becomes excessive and a special pressurized container is required. A more preferable ammonia amount is 1 to 5 times mol. The amount of hydrogen is not particularly limited, but may be 5 times or less of the fluorinated alkyl alcohol. After charging the raw materials, heat the reaction with stirring to advance the reaction. The contact temperature here is not particularly limited. This is because it depends on the raw material species, the catalyst species and other conditions. However, 100-300 degreeC is preferable normally and 150-230 degreeC is especially preferable. This contact temperature may be constant or may be raised or lowered halfway. If the contact temperature is too low, the progress of the reaction becomes insufficient, and if the temperature is too high, the pressure becomes excessive and a special pressurized container is required. The pressure is determined according to conditions and is not particularly limited. Usually, the pressure is 1 to 30 MPa (absolute pressure, the same applies hereinafter), preferably 20 to 30 MPa. After completion of the reaction, the mixture is cooled to remove gas components, and then the product fluorinated alkylamine is recovered from the reaction solution.
[0023]
The distribution type is usually a fixed bed flow type. A reaction tube is filled with a formed catalyst, heated, and fluorinated alkyl alcohol, ammonia, and, if necessary, hydrogen gas are continuously introduced. The amount of ammonia introduced here is preferably 1 to 10 times the molar amount of the fluorinated alkyl alcohol. If the amount is too small, the progress of the reaction becomes insufficient. If the amount is too large, the operation of recovering unreacted ammonia becomes a burden. A more preferable ammonia amount is 1 to 5 times mol. The amount of hydrogen gas is not particularly limited, but it is sufficient to be no more than 2 moles relative to the fluorinated alkyl alcohol. The contact temperature is not particularly limited as in the batch reaction described above. However, 150-500 degreeC is preferable normally and 250-450 degreeC is more preferable. If the contact temperature is low, the reaction proceeds insufficiently, and if the contact temperature is too high, a defluorination reaction occurs, or the catalyst is deactivated due to coke formation, sintering of the metal catalyst, or the like. The contact temperature may be constant or distributed between the catalyst layers. The pressure is not particularly limited, but the flow-type feature is that it can be operated even at a relatively low pressure, and is usually 0.05 to 30 MPa, preferably 0.1 to 20 MPa. Also, depending on the pressure and contact temperature, there may be a gas / liquid mixed state, but there is no particular problem. The product is taken out from the reactor, cooled to remove the gas component, and then the product fluorinated alkylamine is recovered from the reaction solution.
[0024]
The target product is a fluorinated alkylamine corresponding to the fluorinated alkyl alcohol, but a useful compound as a by-product is isolated and recovered. The fluorinated alkylamine can be recovered from the reaction solution by distillation, extraction, crystallization operation with salt, or the like. In particular, pressure distillation is effective, and a high-purity product is obtained. Also, unreacted raw materials can be recovered here and recycled to the reaction. At this time, reaction efficiency is improved and economic efficiency is increased.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.
[0026]
The abbreviations of the compounds used in the examples are shown below.
[0027]
TFEA: 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol TFEN: 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine Further, TFEA conversion and TFEN selectivity are defined as follows.
[0028]
Example 1
A 300 ml SUS316 autoclave equipped with a stirrer was charged with 73.1 g (0.73 mol) of TFEA and 14.9 g of Raney Ni (R-239 manufactured by Nikko Rica Co., Ltd.) as a metal catalyst, followed by nitrogen substitution. Thereafter, 60.7 g (3.6 mol) of liquid NH 3 (NH 3 was supplied 4.9 times mol to TFEA) was pressurized and charged, and the gauge pressure was set to 2 MPa with hydrogen. And it heated with the heater and kept at 230 degreeC for 20 hours, and contact reaction was performed. Then, the temperature was lowered and the autoclave was cooled to 10 ° C. or lower, and TFEN in the gas phase was introduced and collected in a two-stage trap of toluene and cooling water. To the autoclave reaction solution, 150 g of water was added and diluted to recover the entire amount. The gas absorption liquid and the reaction liquid were analyzed by gas chromatography. The TFEA conversion was 13.3% and the TFEN selectivity was 98.9%. There was no reactor corrosion.
[0029]
Example 2
As a metal catalyst, 38.1 g (about 40 ml) of embedded Raney Ni (Degussa B413DSA) was packed in a SUS316 tubular reactor having an inner diameter of 20 mm and an effective length of 540 mm. The catalyst packed part length was 140 mm. The reactor was set to 270 ° C. with an external heater while flowing nitrogen at a rate of 200 Nml / min and hydrogen at a rate of 50 Nml / min downward from the top of the reactor. The supply of nitrogen was stopped, NH 3 was fed at 250 Nml / min, and TFEA was fed at 15 g / hr (NH 3 was fed at a 5-fold mole to TFEA). The reaction pressure was atmospheric pressure. The product at the bottom of the reactor was collected in a water trap, and gas chromatography analysis of the collected liquid confirmed that the TFEA conversion was 17.0% and the TFEN selectivity was 37.7%. It was confirmed that there was no corrosion of the reactor after the reaction.
[0030]
Example 3
The same reactor as in Example 2 was charged with 41.3 g (about 40 ml) of stabilized Ni (ST-175 = 33, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a metal catalyst, and nitrogen was flowed downward from the top of the reactor at 200 Nml / min, hydrogen. Was allowed to flow at 50 Nml / min, and the reactor was brought to 270 ° C. The supply of nitrogen was stopped, NH 3 was fed at 250 Nml / min, and TFEA was fed at 15 g / hr (NH 3 was fed at a 5-fold mole to TFEA). The reaction pressure was atmospheric pressure. The product at the bottom of the reactor was collected in a water trap, and it was confirmed by gas chromatography analysis of the collected liquid that the TFEA conversion was 51.4% and the TFEN selectivity was 35.3%. There was no corrosion of the reactor after the reaction.
[0031]
Example 4
Extrusion molding using 100 parts of ZSM-5 type zeolite (860 NHA (silica / alumina molar ratio 72) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) as a binder and 33 parts of silica as a solid acid catalyst in the reactor described in Example 2 After that, about 40 ml (25.2 g) was fired in a steam atmosphere at 750 ° C. for 4 hours), and nitrogen was circulated at a rate of 200 ml / min downward from the top of the reactor, and then the reactor was brought to 420 ° C. The temperature rose. After the supply of nitrogen was stopped and NH 3 was circulated at 250 ml / min, TFEA was fed at 15 g / hr (NH 3 was fed 5 times by mole with respect to TFEA) to initiate the reaction. At this time, the reaction pressure was atmospheric pressure. The product mixture exiting from the bottom of the reactor was collected in water to give the desired product. By gas chromatographic analysis of the collected liquid, it was confirmed that the conversion of TFEA was 0.47% and the selectivity of TFEN was 33.2%. There was almost no corrosion of the reactor after the reaction.
[0032]
Example 5
After filling the reactor described in Example 2 with about 32 ml (35.0 g) of niobium oxide (100G13 manufactured by JGC Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a solid acid catalyst and flowing nitrogen at a rate of 200 ml / min downward from the top of the reactor. The reactor was heated to 360 ° C. After the supply of nitrogen was stopped and NH 3 was circulated at 250 ml / min, TFEA was fed at 15 g / hr (NH 3 was fed 5 times by mole with respect to TFEA) to initiate the reaction. At this time, the reaction pressure was atmospheric pressure. The product mixture exiting from the bottom of the reactor was collected in water to give the desired product. By gas chromatographic analysis of the collected liquid, it was confirmed that the conversion of TFEA was 7.46% and the selectivity for TFEN was 2.23%. There was almost no corrosion of the reactor after the reaction.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides a novel method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine that has not been proposed so far. The present invention is a method for producing a fluorinated alkylamine by contacting a fluorinated alkyl alcohol, ammonia, and optionally hydrogen with a metal catalyst and / or a solid acid catalyst. The features of this method are listed below.
(1) It is a one-step reaction, and the process and operation are simple.
(2) There is no byproduct of ammonium halide, which has been a major problem in the conventional method, and there are no problems of scaling during reaction, corrosion of the reactor, and treatment of halogenated organic waste liquid.
(3) General-purpose stainless steel can be used as the device material.
(4) The process is simple and there is no need to use a solvent in the reaction system. Therefore, unreacted raw materials can be recycled after the reaction, and the reaction efficiency can be increased.
Claims (10)
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