JP2005078977A - Electric power and hot water supply system utilizing co-generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve effective utilization of energy and reduction of energy cost by adjusting imbalance between power generating capacity as well as a hot-water production volume of a co-generation device and a power consumption volume as well as a hot-water volume consumed of load equipment. <P>SOLUTION: The co-generation device 1 and the load equipment 3 are connected by a communications network 5 to exchange information concerning supply and demand of power and hot water. The load equipment sends its identity number, an intention to start operating, the consumption power, and the hot-water volume consumed to the co-generation device. The co-generation device decides on admission or standby of the operation of the load equipment to be sent to the load equipment according to the received information, a power generated at present, hot-water temperature, and information whether a hot water tank is filled or not. The load equipment receiving the instruction operates in accordance with the instruction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply / warm water supply / demand system comprising a cogeneration device and one or more load devices consuming either or both of the power generated by the device and hot water. The present invention relates to a technique for adjusting energy imbalance and effectively using energy.

  In recent years, cogeneration systems that generate power using fuel cells, micro gas turbines, etc., generate hot water using exhaust heat generated in the process, and supply both electric power and hot water to general households, etc. Is underway. In particular, a fuel cell cogeneration apparatus that uses a fuel cell for the power generation unit can obtain high power generation efficiency because it directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Further, since there is no combustion cycle inside, there is an advantage that the emission of SOx and NOx is small and the influence on the environment is small, and a new power generation system is being actively developed.

  FIG. 7 is an example of the fuel cell cogeneration apparatus 10. In power generation by a fuel cell, first, a hydrocarbon-based gas such as natural gas, LPG, or butane supplied from the outside is used as fuel, and this is heated in a steam atmosphere in a reformer 110 to produce a hydrogen-rich reformed gas. Generate. The generated reformed gas is supplied to the fuel cell 120 together with an oxidizing gas such as air, and direct current power is generated by an electrochemical reaction. The generated DC power is converted into AC power having a commercial frequency by the inverter 130 and supplied to the power load 30 such as a general home via the commercial power system 20.

  In the cogeneration apparatus 10 that uses the fuel cell 120, exhaust heat is generated in the process of generating the reformed gas necessary for the fuel cell 120 and in the process of direct current power generation in the fuel cell. Therefore, the exhaust heat is effectively used. Specifically, the generated exhaust heat is guided to the heat exchanger 140 to exchange heat with city water to generate hot water, temporarily stored in the hot water storage tank 150, and then supplied to the hot water use device 40 in a general household.

  The fuel cell cogeneration apparatus 10 is an effective system with very high energy utilization efficiency because the exhaust heat energy, which is a power generation loss in the power generation process, is recovered and effectively used as hot water. However, while there is a certain correlation between the amount of heat recovered as hot water and the generated power, there is generally no correlation between the amount of hot water used and the amount of generated power used. For example, when considering a normal life in a general household, there are electrical appliances that use only electric power, such as televisions and electric refrigerators, and sometimes only hot water is used during washing. In addition, some electric pots use electric power and hot water at the same time. These uses are basically random because they depend on the life of each individual.

For this reason, when the demand for hot water is too large relative to the demand for electric power, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 150 is insufficient, causing problems such as running out of hot water and a decrease in hot water supply temperature. On the contrary, when the electric power demand greatly exceeds the hot water demand, the hot water storage tank 150 becomes full with the hot water, resulting in a situation where the exhaust heat cannot be recovered. If such a situation occurs, the merit of the cogeneration device, which is the effective use of energy, is diminished. Furthermore, in the case of a small-sized cogeneration device, so-called power selling that reversely flows surplus generated power to the commercial power system 20 is not always economical because of the balance between the power selling price and the unit price of power generation. It is also necessary to avoid currents.
JP 05-135783 A JP 2002-186182 A

  The present invention was made to solve the problems of the power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration device as described above, and its purpose is to generate power of the cogeneration device, the amount of hot water generated, and the load. When there is an imbalance between the power consumption of equipment (especially multiple load equipment) and the amount of hot water used, the energy cost is achieved by effectively using the energy generated by the cogeneration system by adjusting the balance between supply and demand It is to provide a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device that reduces load and improves usability of load equipment.

  The invention according to claim 1 for achieving the above object includes a cogeneration device that generates and supplies electric power and hot water, and / or either the electric power and the hot water sent via a commercial power system. A supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device composed of one or a plurality of load devices that consume one of the devices, wherein the cogeneration device and the load device can exchange information via a communication network. A power and hot water supply and demand system using a cogeneration device, characterized in that the device is configured to exchange information on the supply and demand of each other's power and hot water via the communication device and a communication network. .

  If information can be exchanged using the communication network in this way, necessary information exchange with the cogeneration apparatus can be performed efficiently and promptly even when there are a plurality of load devices.

  The invention described in claim 2 is a power and hot water supply / demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cogeneration apparatus is connected to the cogeneration apparatus and the cogeneration apparatus from the commercial power system. A supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device that is configured to perform maximum power generation while maintaining the received power supplied to the load equipment at a predetermined small value. .

  According to such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the amount of power purchased with a high power unit price while preventing a reverse power flow, and there is an effect that the energy cost can be reduced.

  The invention described in claim 3 is a power supply / warm water supply / demand system using the cogeneration device according to claim 2, wherein the received power is measured between the commercial power system and the supply / demand system. A power meter provided at a connection point is used, and the power meter measures the power value measured toward the cogeneration device via the communication network periodically, when requested, or both It is the supply and demand system of the electric power and warm water using the cogeneration apparatus characterized by transmitting at the timing.

  According to such a configuration, coupled with the invention described in claim 1, it is possible to efficiently collect information on the power required for the cogeneration apparatus.

  The invention according to claim 4 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cogeneration apparatus temporarily supplies hot water to be supplied. A hot water storage tank is provided, and when the hot water tank is filled with hot water, the generated power is reduced to a predetermined small generated power, and the hot water tank is still hot even if the state is continued for a predetermined time. This is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device that controls to stop power generation when the water is full.

  According to such a configuration, when the hot water tank is filled with hot water, overheating of the hot water is prevented. In addition, since the exhaust heat is not removed from the cogeneration apparatus, the temperature of each part rises, and there is an effect that a situation where normal operation cannot be performed is avoided.

  The invention according to claim 5 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cogeneration apparatus is a value of current generated power, Information including at least one of the current hot water supply temperature of hot water supplied from the hot water storage tank and information on whether or not the hot water tank is full of hot water, or when requested, or both A cogeneration apparatus configured to transmit to the load device at any timing of time and to receive the information from the load device is displayed on the operation panel to notify the operator. This is a supply and demand system for electricity and hot water.

  According to such a configuration, since the operator of the load device can adjust the operation method of the load device based on the information, it can contribute to effective use of energy and reduction of energy cost.

  The invention according to claim 6 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an operation start instruction is given to the load device by an operator. If so, the load device transmits its own identification number and information indicating that it wants to start a driving operation to the cogeneration device, and the cogeneration device that has received the information receives the received information and the current Generated power, current hot water supply temperature, information on whether or not the hot water storage tank is full of hot water, and power consumption and hot water of the load device previously stored in the cogeneration device corresponding to the identification number Based on the usage amount, an instruction whether to permit or wait for the operation of the load device is determined and transmitted to the load device, and the load device that has received the instruction has the instruction content permitted If the instruction content is standby, it will enter the standby state without starting the operation and wait for the cogeneration device to send an instruction to permit the operation. An electric power and hot water supply and demand system using a cogeneration device, which is configured to start a driving operation.

  According to such a configuration, after the load device starts a driving operation, a problem that the hot water supply temperature decreases is avoided, and usability is improved. Moreover, since the situation where the generated power of the cogeneration apparatus is insufficient and a large amount of purchased electric power with a high unit price must be avoided, energy costs can be reduced.

  The invention according to claim 7 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an instruction to start operation is given to the load device by an operator. When the load device has received, the load device transmits its own identification number, information that it wants to start the operation, and its own power consumption and hot water usage information to the cogeneration device, and receives those information. The cogeneration system waits whether to allow the operation of the load device based on the received information, the current generated power, the current hot water supply temperature, and whether the hot water tank is full of hot water. The instruction to determine whether or not to transmit is transmitted to the load device, and the load device that has received the instruction starts the operation immediately when the instruction content is permitted, and when the instruction content is standby No luck Utilizing a cogeneration device configured to enter a standby state without starting an operation, and to start the driving operation after waiting for transmission of an instruction to permit the driving operation from the cogeneration device Power and hot water supply and demand system.

  According to such a configuration, after the load device starts a driving operation, a problem that the hot water supply temperature decreases is avoided, and usability is improved. Moreover, since the situation where the generated power of the cogeneration apparatus is insufficient and a large amount of purchased electric power with a high unit price must be avoided, energy costs can be reduced.

  The invention according to claim 8 is a power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the load device includes a plurality of operations from the start to the end of operation. A means for selecting “with standby” or “without standby” is provided for each process, and when the operator gives an instruction to start operation, the load device operates in the order of the processes. If the next process is a process in which “with standby” is selected, before starting the operation operation of the process, the self identification number and information indicating that the operation is to be started, Information on the power consumption and the amount of hot water used for the process for which “waiting” is selected is transmitted to the cogeneration apparatus, and the cogeneration apparatus that has received the information receives the received information, the current generated power, Current salary Based on the temperature and whether the hot water tank is full of hot water or not, an instruction whether to permit or wait for the operation operation of the “waiting” process is determined and transmitted to the load device, Upon receiving the instruction, the load device enters the operation operation of the “waiting” process immediately after the execution of the process if the instruction is permitted, and is executing if the instruction is standby. After completion of the process, the process enters the standby state without starting the operation operation of the “waiting” process, and waits for transmission of an instruction to permit the operation operation from the cogeneration device. An electric power and hot water supply and demand system using a cogeneration device, which is configured to start a driving operation.

  According to such a configuration, since the permission and standby of the operation of the load device are determined and determined for each process, the energy generated by the cogeneration device can be effectively used, and the energy cost can be reduced. is there.

  The invention described in claim 9 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the load device receives the instruction from the cogeneration apparatus. Power using a cogeneration device, which is configured to notify the operator by display, sound, voice, or a combination thereof when entering a standby state according to It is a hot water supply and demand system.

  According to this configuration, the operator of the load device can easily know that the load device has entered the standby state, and usability is improved.

  The invention described in claim 10 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the load device is operated by an operator at a start time of driving operation. When the operation start instruction is given, the first transmission of the information including the self identification number and information indicating that the operation is to be started is performed at the specified operation start time. This is a supply and demand system for electricity and hot water using a cogeneration system.

  If the time for starting the operation of the load device can be reserved in this way, there is an effect that the usability of the load device is improved.

  An eleventh aspect of the present invention is an electric power and hot water supply / demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of the sixth to eighth aspects, wherein the load device is first operated by an operator. When the start of operation is instructed after specifying the waiting time until starting the operation, the first transmission of information including the self identification number and the fact that the user wants to start the driving operation is sent to the specified waiting time. It is a supply and demand system of electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device, which is performed after elapse of time.

  Thus, if the operation start time of the load device can be delayed by a desired time, the usability of the load device is improved.

  The invention according to claim 12 is a power and hot water supply / demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the load device has the identification number and the operation. After transmitting information including the information to start operation to the cogeneration device, if no instruction is transmitted from the cogeneration device even after a predetermined time has elapsed, the standby state is stopped and the operation is started. It is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration system.

  According to such a configuration, if a reply is not received within a predetermined time, the operation automatically starts, so if the reply from the cogeneration device does not arrive due to some trouble, There is an effect that it is possible to avoid a situation in which the operation is not started for a long time.

  The invention described in claim 13 is a power and hot water supply / demand system using the cogeneration device according to claim 1, wherein the communication device for exchanging information via the communication network is a wireless communication network. This is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device, characterized in that it is configured to be connected to the system.

  If information can be exchanged via a communication network using wireless communication in this way, the wiring cost can be reduced and the efficiency of information exchange can be improved when there are a plurality of load devices.

  The invention described in claim 14 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cogeneration apparatus uses a fuel cell in a power generation unit. It is a supply and demand system of electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device characterized by

  If a cogeneration apparatus using a fuel cell is employed in the invention described in claim 1, energy generated by the fuel cell cogeneration apparatus can be used efficiently.

  According to the present invention, even when there is an imbalance between the generated power of the cogeneration device, the amount of hot water generated, the power consumption of the load equipment (particularly a plurality of load equipment), and the amount of hot water used, the supply and demand balance By taking this, it is possible to reduce the energy cost by effectively using the energy generated by the cogeneration apparatus, and to improve the usability of the load device.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an electric power and hot water supply / demand system (hereinafter simply referred to as an energy supply / demand system) 1 using the cogeneration apparatus of the present embodiment.
The energy supply and demand system 1 includes a cogeneration device 2 that employs a fuel cell as a power generation unit, and a load device 3. Although only one set of load devices 3 is shown in the figure, a plurality of load devices 3 are usually connected in parallel. The load device 3 is a device that consumes the electric power generated by the cogeneration apparatus 2 and the generated hot water, and is, for example, a household electric appliance or a heating appliance in a general household. The load device 3 need not be a device that consumes both electric power and hot water, and may be a device that consumes only one of them. However, in that case, it is assumed that a plurality of installed load devices include devices that consume power and devices that consume hot water.

  Hot water used by the load device 3 is supplied by piping from a hot water tank 25 described later in the cogeneration apparatus 2. As the power consumed by the load device 3, the power generated by the cogeneration device 2 is supplied via the commercial power system 4. Of the electric power consumed by the load device 3, the shortage of the generated power Pac of the cogeneration device 2 is covered by power purchase from the commercial power system 4. A wattmeter 6 is connected to the interconnection between the commercial power system 4 and the energy supply and demand system 1, and the value Pr of the purchased power is measured.

  In such an energy supply and demand system 1, in order to effectively use the electric power generated by the cogeneration device 2 and the energy of the generated hot water, the cogeneration device 2 uses the current power consumption of the load device 3, hot water It is important to accurately collect information on the amount used, and those amounts in the time zone slightly ahead, and adjust the amount of power generation and the amount of hot water generated based on that information. In this case, the request on the load device 3 side may not be completely satisfied due to restrictions on the cogeneration device 2 side. In that case, it becomes necessary for the cogeneration apparatus 2 to transmit a request to the load device 3 so as to reduce the power consumption and the amount of hot water used.

  In the present embodiment, the transmission of information as described above between the cogeneration apparatus 2 and the load device 3 is performed by communication using the communication network 5. As the communication network 5, a wide area internet, a narrow area wireless communication network based on the Bluetooth standard, or the like is used. For this purpose, the cogeneration device 2 and the load device 3 include communication devices 26 and 31 that can exchange information via the communication network 5.

The cogeneration device 2 and the load device 3 are not necessarily installed close to each other. In addition, a plurality of load devices 3 are usually installed. Therefore, performing necessary information exchange using the communication network 5, particularly the communication network 5 using radio, is effective in speeding up information exchange and reducing wiring costs.
The purchased power value Pr measured by the wattmeter 6 is important information for the cogeneration apparatus 2. Therefore, the value Pr of the purchased power is also transmitted to the cogeneration apparatus 2 via the communication network 5 by using a power meter 6 having a built-in communication apparatus.

  The communication device 31 provided in the load device 3 is controlled by the load control circuit 32. In addition to this, the load control circuit 32 also controls a power consuming device and a hot water using device (not shown) provided in the load device 3. Further, an operation panel 33 for inputting information to the load device 3 and outputting information to the operator is provided, and the control is also performed by the load control circuit 32.

  Next, a description will be given of the cogeneration apparatus 2 of the present embodiment in which a fuel cell is employed in the power generation unit. The cogeneration apparatus 2 includes a fuel cell 21, a reformer 22, an inverter 23, a heat exchanger 24, a hot water tank 25, a heat recovery water circulation pump 29, a communication device 26, a control circuit 27, and an operation panel 28. .

A hydrocarbon gas such as natural gas, LPG, butane, methanol, kerosene or the like is supplied to the reformer 22 as a fuel gas, and heated in a steam atmosphere to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed gas. The generated reformed gas is supplied to the fuel cell 21. The fuel cell 21 is also supplied with air as an oxygen source.
In the fuel cell 21, hydrogen and oxygen in the reformed gas cause an electrochemical reaction with the aid of the catalyst, and DC power Pdc is generated. The generated DC power Pdc is converted by the inverter 23 into AC generated power Pac whose voltage and frequency are equal to those of the commercial power system 4 and supplied to the commercial power system 4 through the same system. To the load device 3.

  The control circuit 27 controls the generated power so that the value of the generated power Pac matches the target value. The generated power Pac is controlled by adjusting the amount of fuel gas supplied to the reformer 22, adjusting the amount of reformed gas supplied to the fuel cell 21, adjusting the output current of the inverter 23, and the like. The target value of the generated power Pac is determined in consideration of the power generation capacity of the fuel cell 21, the value Pr of the purchased power, whether the hot water tank 25 is full of hot water, and the like. The decision logic will be described later.

The reaction in the reformer 22 is an endothermic reaction, and heating with a burner is performed because the temperature of the catalyst for promoting the reaction needs to be maintained at around 700 ° C. Accordingly, exhaust heat is generated at that time. Also in the fuel cell 21, exhaust heat is generated when the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas cause an electrochemical reaction.
The exhaust heat is guided to the heat exchanger 24, exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat recovery circulating water sent from the hot water storage tank 25 by the heat recovery water circulation pump 29, and changes this into hot water. The heat recovery circulating water that has become hot water is returned to the hot water storage tank 25. In this way, the heat energy of the exhaust heat is recovered as hot water.

  The circulation amount of the heat recovery circulating water is performed by controlling the discharge water amount of the heat recovery water circulation pump 29 by the control circuit 27. The control circuit 27 detects the temperature of the uppermost hot water in the hot water storage tank 25 by the temperature detector T1, and heat recovery water circulation pump by proportional integral control so that the temperature becomes equal to the hot water temperature set from the operation panel 28. The amount of discharged water 29 is controlled. Accordingly, the hot water temperature returned to the hot water storage tank 25 is equal to the hot water supply temperature as long as the exhaust heat is sufficiently generated and the heat recovery water circulation pump 29 operates within the range of the minimum and maximum discharge water amount. . The amount is approximately proportional to the amount of exhaust heat generated when the hot water supply temperature is constant. A temperature detector T2 is also attached near the bottom of the hot water tank 25, and the temperature of the hot water near the bottom is detected and sent to the control circuit 27.

  The hot water generated in the heat exchanger 24 is temporarily stored in the hot water tank 25. Hot water is injected from the upper part of the hot water tank 25. The heat recovery circulating water supplied to the heat exchanger 24 is taken out from the bottom surface of the hot water tank 25 or the lower portion close to the bottom surface. Therefore, the hot water starts to accumulate from the upper part in the hot water tank 25 due to the specific gravity, and the thickness of the hot water layer increases as the amount increases. Hot water to be supplied is supplied from the upper part of the hot water tank 25 to the load device 3. The amount of water reduced by the hot water supply is replenished by supplying city water from the bottom surface of the hot water tank 25 or the lower part near the bottom surface, and the hot water tank 25 is always kept in a full state.

Next, the generated power Pac of the cogeneration apparatus 2 will be described. As described above, the generated power Pac is controlled by the control circuit 27 so as to coincide with the target value. The generated power target value is determined in consideration of the power generation capacity of the fuel cell 21, the purchased power value Pr, whether or not the hot water tank 25 is hot and full, and the like.
When the generated power Pac of the cogeneration apparatus 2 exceeds the power consumption of the load device 3, so-called power selling that allows the surplus to flow backward to the commercial power system 4 is also possible. It may not always be economical because of the balance with fuel costs for power generation. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the target value of the generated power Pac is determined so that the reverse power flow does not occur and the amount of purchased power is reduced.

  In addition to this, it is necessary to consider whether or not the inside of the hot water tank 25 is full of hot water. The exhaust heat generated in the cogeneration apparatus 2 is given to the heat recovery circulating water by the heat exchanger 24 to become the heat energy of the hot water, and is stored in the hot water storage tank 25. And it is carried to the load apparatus 3 by hot water supply. However, if the amount of hot water used in the load device 3 is small, the amount of hot water in the hot water storage tank 25 continues to increase, and eventually the hot water storage tank 25 is filled with hot water at the hot water supply temperature.

  When the hot water tank 25 is filled with warm water, the temperature of the heat recovery circulating water supplied to the heat exchanger 24 rises, so the amount of exhaust heat removed by the heat exchanger 24 decreases. Then, the temperature of the fuel cell 21 and the reformer 22 rises too much and normal operation cannot be performed. Therefore, when the hot water tank 25 is filled with hot water, it is necessary to reduce the amount of exhaust heat generated by reducing the generated power Pac. Whether or not the inside of the hot water tank 25 is filled with hot water is determined based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector T2 attached to the lowermost part of the hot water tank 25.

The logic for determining the target value of the generated power Pac in consideration of such conditions will be described with reference to the control flow shown in FIG. In the first step S1, it is determined whether or not the hot water tank 25 is full of hot water. Whether the hot water is full or not is determined based on whether or not the temperature detected by the temperature detector T2 is almost equal to the hot water supply temperature. If it is almost equal to the hot water supply temperature, it can be determined that the hot water is full.
If it is determined that the hot water is full, the process proceeds to step S2. When the water is full with warm water, it is necessary to reduce the amount of power generation for the reasons described above. Therefore, in step S2, the setting value of the generated power Pac is changed to a predetermined small power generation amount Pacmin. The power generation amount Pacmin is the lowest generated power that the cogeneration apparatus 2 can continue to operate.

  In step S3, the state is maintained for a predetermined time Δt1. In subsequent step S4, it is determined again whether the hot water tank 25 is full of warm water. When it is determined that the water is full with warm water, the process proceeds to step S5, the power generation of the cogeneration device 2 is stopped, and the amount of generated exhaust heat is quickly made zero. In this way, by reducing the generated power Pac in steps S2 and S5, the temperature rise of each part in the cogeneration device 2 and the overheating of hot water in the hot water tank 25 are prevented.

  If it is not determined in steps S1 and S4 that the hot water is full, the process proceeds to step S6. In step S6, it is determined whether or not the value of the purchased power Pr measured by the wattmeter 6 is less than a predetermined purchased power target value Prmin. This power purchase target value Prmin is a target value determined in consideration of preventing reverse power flow and preventing the power purchase value from becoming excessive.

If the purchased power Pr is less than the purchased power target value Prmin, a reverse power flow may occur, so the target value of the generated power Pac is decreased by a predetermined value ΔP in step S7. This is because if the generated power Pac is decreased, the value of the purchased power Pr is increased. If the purchased power Pr is larger than the purchased power target value Prmin, the target value of the generated power Pac is increased by a predetermined value ΔP and the value of the purchased power Pr is decreased in step S8. By correcting the generated power target value in this way, the value of the purchased power Pr can be changed in a direction approaching the purchased power target value Prmin, and the purchased power value can be maintained at a low value.
After correcting the generated power target value in steps S7 and S8, the state is maintained for a predetermined time Δt2 in step S9, and the process returns to the first step S1.

  2 is controlled in accordance with the target value determination logic of the generated power Pac shown in FIG. 2, when the hot water tank 25 is hot water and full of water, overheating of the hot water is prevented, and overheating of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is also prevented. Is done. Further, when the hot water tank 25 is warm and not full, the value of the purchased power Pr is always corrected so as to approach the purchased power target value Prmin, and the amount of purchased power is maintained close to the small target value. Also, the occurrence of reverse power flow is prevented. These bring about the effect of effective use of energy generated by the cogeneration apparatus 2 and energy cost reduction.

  Next, the cogeneration apparatus 2 and the load device 3 in the energy supply and demand system 1 of the present embodiment exchange necessary information via the communication network 5 to balance the supply and demand of electric power and hot water, and the energy as a whole. A driving method for reducing the energy cost by improving the use of the load device 3 and improving the usability of the load device 3 will be described.

  The number of load devices 3 in the energy supply and demand system in FIG. 1 may be one, but usually a plurality of load devices 3 are installed. And the sum of the power consumption and the amount of hot water used when all these load devices 3 are in the operating state usually exceeds the facility capacity of the cogeneration apparatus 2. This is because the facility capacity of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is usually determined in consideration of the average operating rate of the load device 3.

  Therefore, when the operation of the plurality of load devices 3 happens to overlap, there is a situation where the hot water in the cogeneration device 2 is insufficient and hot water at a predetermined temperature cannot be supplied. Moreover, the situation where power consumption exceeds the maximum generated power also occurs. The shortage of generated power can be compensated by purchasing power from the commercial power system 4, but the unit price of power purchase is higher than the unit price of power generated by the cogeneration device 2, so the amount of purchased power is as much as possible. Need to be less.

  One method for alleviating such troubles such as shortage of hot water and shortage of generated power is to level the demand for electric power and hot water required by the load device 3 within a range that does not hinder. In the present embodiment, a plurality of means as described below are taken for this purpose.

  The first means (embodiment of the invention of claim 5) is an embodiment in which information relating to the operating state of the cogeneration device 2 is displayed on the operation panel 33 of the load device 3 to inform the operator of the load device 3. is there. The information to be notified is information that helps the operator to determine whether the load device 3 can be started immediately or whether it is better to start the load device after a while. As such information, the current generated power Pac of the cogeneration apparatus 2, the current hot water supply temperature (the detected temperature of the temperature detector T1), whether the hot water tank 25 is full of hot water, or is the hot water shortage state? Etc. Here, the lack of hot water can be determined by the temperature detected by the temperature detector T1 of the hot water tank 25.

  The control circuit 27 of the cogeneration apparatus 2 transmits these pieces of information to the communication apparatus 31 of the load device 3 via the communication apparatus 26 and the communication network 5. On the load device 3 side, the load control circuit 32 displays information received by the communication device 31 on the operation panel 33 to notify the operator. The transmission from the cogeneration device 2 may be performed periodically or when requested by the load device 3. Moreover, you may carry out at the timing of both of these.

  If such information is informed to the operator of the load device 3, the operator can stop using the load device 3 that uses hot water when the hot water supply temperature is lowered, or delay the start of operation. The situation of receiving low-temperature hot water supply can be avoided. Conversely, when the hot water storage tank 25 is hot and full, and the cogeneration device 2 stops power generation, the use of the load device 3 that consumes power is refrained from being used to reduce expensive power purchases and to reduce energy costs. be able to.

  Instead of displaying the raw numerical data related to the operation state of the cogeneration apparatus 2 as described above on the operation panel 33 of the load device 3, the recommended operation method of the load device 3 determined from the numerical data is written in characters. You may make it display. For example, when the hot water tank 25 is full of hot water, the load device 3 that uses a large amount of hot water may be used. In a state where the generated power Pac is reduced or the power generation is stopped because the hot water is full. It may be displayed in characters that it is recommended to operate a load device that consumes less power and consumes a large amount of hot water, or that it is desired to wait for a while to operate the load device that uses hot water when the amount of stored hot water is small.

  As described above, information on the operation state of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is displayed on the operation panel 33 of the load device 3 as needed by raw numerical data or text guidance to notify the operator of the load device 3. . And it becomes possible for an operator to aim at the effective use of energy as a whole, and reduction of energy cost by adjusting the operation method of the load apparatus 3 based on the information.

  The second means (the embodiment of the invention of claim 6) is more aggressive than the first means, in which the cogeneration apparatus 2 is in its own operating state and the load condition of the load device 3 to start the operation. In consideration of the above, it is an embodiment in which the load device 3 is permitted to start driving operation or is instructed to wait for a while without permitting, and the load device 3 operates in accordance with the instruction. This second means may be implemented in addition to the first means.

  In order to implement this means, the control logic additionally executed by the load control circuit 32 of the load device 3 and the control circuit 27 of the cogeneration apparatus 2 will be described with reference to the control flow of FIG. First, the operator of the load device 3 operates the operation panel 33 to instruct the start of operation. In response to the operation start instruction, the load control circuit 32 transmits to the cogeneration apparatus 2 via the communication device 31 and the communication network 5 in step A1 the identification number of the load device 3 and the fact that the operation is to be started.

  On the cogeneration device 2 side, information sent from the load device 3 is awaited in step B1. When the information sent from the load device 3 is received, the process proceeds to step B2, and the control circuit 27 reads the power consumption and hot water usage of the load device 3 with reference to the identification number in the received information. The power consumption and the amount of hot water used corresponding to the identification number of the load device are stored in advance in an internal memory (not shown) of the control circuit 27.

  In subsequent step B3, it is determined from the amount of hot water used corresponding to the identification number whether or not the load device 3 that has transmitted the information is a load device that requires hot water. If it is not necessary, it is not necessary to determine the state of the hot water in the hot water storage tank 25, and the process immediately proceeds to determination of the power condition after step B6. When warm water is required, the process moves to step B4, and it is determined whether or not the hot water tank 25 is filled with warm water.

  If the water is full, the hot water can be supplied, and the process proceeds to step B6. If the hot water is not full, the process proceeds to step B5, where it is determined whether or not the hot water supply temperature, that is, the detected temperature of the temperature detector T1 has decreased. If it is the temperature which can supply hot water, it will move to step B6. If the temperature has dropped, the hot water at the hot water supply temperature cannot be supplied to the load device 3, so the process proceeds to Step B 10, and the load device 3 is instructed via the network 5 to wait without starting the operation. Send.

  Step B6 is executed when the hot water supply condition is satisfied. Steps B <b> 6 to B <b> 8 are steps for determining whether power can be supplied to the load device 3. First, in step B6, whether or not the load device 3 is a load device that requires power is determined from the power consumption read in correspondence with the identification number. If it is a load that is not necessary, the cogeneration device 2 is in an operating state that can satisfy the conditions of power consumption and hot water usage required by the load device 3 at the same time. An instruction to permit the start of driving operation is transmitted to the load device 3.

  If it is determined in step B6 that the load device requires electric power, the process proceeds to step B7. Then, as described in the control flow of FIG. 2, the current generated power Pac of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is in a state where the generated power Pac is reduced because the hot water storage tank 25 is full of hot water, that is, It is determined whether the target value is the small power generation amount Pacmin or whether the power generation is stopped.

When the generated power Pac is being reduced, power cannot be supplied to the load device 3, so the process proceeds to step B <b> 10 and a standby instruction is transmitted to the load device 3. If it is not decreasing, the process proceeds to step B8.
In step B8, it is determined whether or not it is possible to supply only the power required by the load device 3 although it is in a state where power can be supplied. That is, the cogeneration apparatus 2 determines whether there is a surplus power that can be generated by adding the power required by the load device 3. This power generation surplus is the difference between the maximum power that can be generated by the cogeneration device 2 and the current generated power Pac. Therefore, it is determined whether or not the difference is greater than the power consumption required by the load device 3. If the power consumption is greater than the required power, it is possible to supply power to the load device 3, so the process proceeds to step B 9 and an instruction for permitting the start of the driving operation is transmitted to the load device 3.

  If the required power consumption is not reached, the power cannot be supplied, so the process proceeds to step B10 and an instruction is sent to stand by without starting the driving operation. In this case, the standby instruction is transmitted based on the premise that the value of the purchased power Pr from the commercial power system 4 is always maintained at the small value of the purchased power target value Prmin. Therefore, if there is no restriction on the value of the purchased power Pr, it is possible to increase the amount of power purchased and supply power to the load device 3, so send an instruction to permit the start of driving operation without waiting. Also good.

As described above, when the identification number and the operation start information are transmitted from the load device 3 side to the cogeneration device 2 in step A1, the cogeneration device 2 side determines whether to permit the operation start or to wait. The result is returned to the load device 3 side. The load device 3 side waits for the reply in step A2.
If a reply is received, it is determined in step A3 whether the content of the instruction is permission or standby. If it is permitted, the process proceeds to step A4, and the driving operation is started immediately. If it is standby, the process proceeds to step A5 and waits for a predetermined time Δt3 to elapse. After Δt3 time elapses, the process proceeds to step A1, and the identification number and the operation start information are transmitted to the cogeneration apparatus 2 again to wait for an instruction. When the standby instruction is received, the inquiry is repeatedly made at intervals of Δt3, and when the permission instruction is finally received, the process proceeds to step A4 and the driving operation is started.

  In this way, the cogeneration device 2 determines the load condition of the load device 3 that is about to start operation in light of the current operation state of the cogeneration device 2, and determines whether to permit the operation immediately or to make it temporarily stand by. decide. If it does in this way, after the load apparatus 3 starts a driving | running operation, the hot water supply temperature falls, or the generated power Pac of the cogeneration apparatus 2 is insufficient, and much electric power purchased with a high unit price must be used. The situation is avoided, energy efficiency is improved, and energy costs are reduced. At the same time, the usability of the load device 3 is also improved.

When waiting in step A5, it is preferable to inform the operator of the fact from the operation panel 33 of the load device 3 by display using characters, symbols, display lamps, or the like, or by sound or voice.
The third means (embodiment of the invention of claim 7) is an embodiment obtained by slightly modifying the embodiment of the second means. In the second means, the power consumption of the load device 3 and the amount of hot water used are stored in advance in an internal memory (not shown) of the control circuit 27. In this embodiment, the load device 3 is instructed to start operation. Then, when transmitting the identification number and information indicating that the operation is to be started to the cogeneration device 2, the power consumption of the load device 3 and the amount of hot water used are also transmitted simultaneously.

In this way, on the cogeneration device 2 side, it is not necessary to previously store the power consumption and the amount of hot water used for all connected load devices. Therefore, even if a load device is added later, it is not necessary to modify the software of the control circuit 27 of the cogeneration apparatus 2.
FIG. 4 shows a control flow of the load control circuit 32 of the load device 3 and the control circuit 27 of the cogeneration apparatus 2 in this case. 3 is different from the control flow of FIG. 3 only in that the power consumption of the load device 3 and the amount of hot water used are transmitted at the same time in step A1, and the processing in step B2 of FIG. .

In this case as well, when waiting in step A5, it is preferable to notify the operator of the fact from the operation panel 33 of the load device 3 by display with characters, symbols, display lamps, or the like, sound or voice.
The fourth means (embodiment of the invention of claim 8) is an embodiment in which the third means is further improved, and the determination of whether to start operation or standby is not performed only once at the start of operation. Rather, the operation of the load device 3 is divided into a plurality of processes, and the cogeneration apparatus 2 determines whether to permit or wait for each process.

  In the present embodiment, the operation of the load device 3 is divided into a plurality of steps. For example, when the load device 3 is a fully automatic washing machine, it is divided into a water injection process, a washing process, a rinsing process, a dehydration process, a drying process, and the like. Then, selection switches for “with standby” and “without standby” are provided for selecting whether to make an inquiry about permission or standby for each process. Indicators, selection switches, and the like necessary for these are attached to the operation panel 33 of the load device 3.

  The operator of the load device 3 sets the operation by operating the selection switches of “with standby” and “without standby” for each process before instructing the load device 3 to start operation. Give instructions. FIG. 5 shows control logic on the load device 3 side and the cogeneration apparatus 2 side after the operation start instruction is given. The control logic on the cogeneration device 2 side is the same as that in FIG. 4, and only the control logic on the load device 3 side is different.

  When an instruction to start operation is given, it is first determined in step C1 whether or not the next process (in this case, the first process) is a process in which “waiting” is selected. When “with standby” is not selected, the process proceeds to step C5, and the operation of the process is executed. After the process is terminated in step C6, the process returns to step C1 again to determine whether or not the next process is a “waiting” process. Such an operation is continued until it is determined in step C1 that there is “waiting”.

  If it is determined in step C1 that the next process is “waiting”, the process proceeds to step C2, and the identification number of the load device 3, the power consumption of the next process, and the amount of hot water used are transmitted to the cogeneration apparatus 2. The control circuit 27 of the cogeneration device 2 determines whether to permit or wait for the next operation of the load device 3 in the same manner as in the third means, and transmits the result to the load device 3. To do.

  In the load device 3, the transmitted instruction content is determined in step C <b> 4, and if it is permitted, the process proceeds to step C <b> 5 and the operation operation of the next process is started. Then, after the process is completed in step C6, the process returns to step C1 and proceeds to the determination of the next process. If the transmitted instruction is standby, the process proceeds to step C7. After waiting for a predetermined short time Δt3 in step C7, the process returns to step C2, and again transmits the identification number, the power consumption of the next process, and the amount of hot water used, and asks whether to permit or wait.

Such an operation is repeated until a permission instruction is received, and when the permission instruction is received, the process proceeds to step C5 to execute the operation of the next process.
Thus, in the embodiment of the fourth means, since the permission and standby of the operation of the load device 3 are determined for each process, the energy utilization efficiency is improved more finely than in the case of the third means. Cost can be reduced. In addition, the usability of the load device 3 is further improved.

In the present embodiment, a selection switch that can select “with standby” or “without standby” is provided for each process, but the cogeneration apparatus is provided for all processes without providing such a selection switch. You may be made to inquire permission and standby instructions on the second side.
Also in this case, when waiting in step C7, it is preferable to notify the operator of the fact through the operation panel 33 of the load device 3 using characters, symbols, display lamps, sound, or voice.

The fifth means (embodiments of the inventions of claims 10 and 11) is an embodiment in which the usability of the load device 3 in the second to fourth embodiments is further improved. In the present embodiment, the operation start timing is not set to the moment when the operation start is instructed, but the timing at which the operation start instruction is issued is delayed.
There are two methods for delaying the operation start instruction. The first method is a method of setting and reserving the time for issuing the operation start instruction. The second method is a method of making a reservation by setting a waiting time until an operation start instruction is issued. In the case of the second method, the load control circuit 32 of the load device 3 calculates the time for issuing the operation start instruction based on the current time, and the subsequent processing is the same as the processing in the case of the first method. become.

  The load control circuit 32 of the load device 3 repeatedly checks whether or not the designated operation start time has been reached using its internal clock, and issues an operation start instruction when the designated operation start time is reached. This embodiment can be implemented in combination with the second, third and fourth means. When combined with the second means, when the operation start time is reached, the load device 3 proceeds to execution of step A1 in the control flow of FIG. In the case of the third means, the process proceeds to step A1 in FIG. 4, and in the case of the fourth means, the process proceeds to step C1 in FIG. If the load start time of the load device 3 can be reserved in this way, the usability of the load device 3 is further improved.

  A sixth means (an embodiment of the invention of claim 12) is an embodiment in which the usability of the load device 3 in the second to fourth embodiments is further improved. In the second to fourth embodiments, the load device 3 transmits to the cogeneration device 2 side an identification number, information indicating that the operation is to be started, power consumption, and information on the amount of hot water used, and the cogeneration device 2 corresponding thereto. Waiting for permission to start operation and waiting instructions from the side, the next operation was performed.

  In this case, it is only necessary to return a permission or standby instruction from the cogeneration apparatus 2 side, but there may be a case where those instructions are not returned at all due to some trouble. In that case, if the load device 3 has been waiting for a reply indefinitely, the driving operation is stopped and the condition is bad. In this embodiment, in such a case, the driving operation is started without waiting for a reply from the cogeneration apparatus 2 side.

  Specifically, after transmitting information such as an identification number to the cogeneration apparatus 2 side, if no permission or standby instruction is received within a certain period of time, it is regarded as permission and the driving operation is started. The control logic on the load device 3 side when this embodiment is added to the third embodiment will be described with reference to the control flow of FIG. The control flow in FIG. 6 includes the fifth embodiment, and will be described together. Further, since the control flow on the cogeneration apparatus 2 side is the same as that in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the control flow diagram and description thereof are omitted.

  The operator of the load device 3 starts the load device 3 by setting a time for delaying the start of operation from the operation start time or the current time. In the first step D1, the load control circuit 32 of the load device 3 calculates the operation start time. If the operation start time is set, that time is the operation start time as it is, and if the waiting time for delaying the operation start is set, add the waiting time to the current time and set the operation start time. Ask.

In step D2, it is determined according to the internal clock whether or not the calculated operation start time has come. When the reserved operation start time is reached, the process proceeds to step D3, and the identification number, the desire to start the operation, the power consumption, and the amount of hot water used are transmitted to the cogeneration apparatus 2 side. Thereafter, in step D4, a timer T is provided to clear the contents, and time counting is started.
In step D5, the presence or absence of a reply from the cogeneration apparatus 2 is checked. If a reply has arrived, the process proceeds to step D7. If the reply is permitted, the driving operation is started in step D8, and if it is standby, after waiting for Δt3 hours in step D9, the identification number and the like are transmitted again to send the cogeneration apparatus. Wait for instructions from 2 in reply.

  If no reply has been received in step D5, the process proceeds to step D6. In step D6, it is determined whether the previously provided timer T has counted a predetermined time, that is, whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the identification number or the like was transmitted. If the predetermined time has not elapsed, the process returns to step D5 and waits for a reply to arrive, but if the predetermined time has elapsed, the process proceeds to step D8. As described above, when no reply is received from the cogeneration apparatus 2 even after a predetermined time elapses, the operation starts without waiting for a reply.

  As described above, in this embodiment, when a reply is not received within a predetermined time, the operation automatically starts, so when a reply from the cogeneration apparatus 2 does not arrive due to some trouble, the load device 3 There is an effect that it is possible to avoid a situation in which the driving operation is not started.

It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the supply-and-demand system of the electric power and warm water using the cogeneration apparatus of this invention. It is a control flow figure when the inside of a hot water tank is filled with warm water. It is a control flow figure which determines permission of operation operation start of a load apparatus, and standby. It is another control flow figure which determines permission of operation operation start of a load apparatus, and standby. It is a control flow figure which determines permission of operation operation start, and standby for every process of load equipment. It is a control flow figure in the case where the operation start time of a load apparatus is reserved and executed, and when there is no reply from a cogeneration apparatus. FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 according to the prior art.

Explanation of symbols

In the drawings, 1 is a supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device, 2 is a cogeneration device, 3 is a load device, 4 is a commercial power system, 5 is a communication network, 6 is a power meter, 21 is a fuel cell, 22 is a reformer, 23 is an inverter, 24 is a heat exchanger, 25 is a hot water tank, 26 is a communication device, 27 is a control circuit, 28 is an operation panel, 29 is a heat recovery water circulation pump, 31 is a communication device, 32 is A load control circuit, 33 is an operation panel, Pac is generated power, and Pr is received power.

Claims (14)

  Consists of a cogeneration device that generates and supplies electric power and hot water, and one or more load devices that consume either or either of the electric power and hot water sent via a commercial power system A supply and demand system for power and hot water using a cogeneration device, wherein the cogeneration device and the load device include a communication device capable of exchanging information via a communication network, and each other's power via the communication device and the communication network. Supply and demand system for electricity and hot water using a cogeneration system, which is configured to exchange information on supply and demand for water and hot water.   A power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration device according to claim 1, wherein the cogeneration device receives received power supplied from the commercial power system toward the cogeneration device and the load device. A supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration device, which is configured to perform maximum power generation while maintaining a predetermined small value.   A power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration device according to claim 2, wherein the received power is measured by a power meter provided at a connection point between the commercial power system and the supply and demand system, The power meter is configured to transmit the power value measured toward the cogeneration device via the communication network periodically, at the time of request, or at the time of both. Supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration system.   A power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cogeneration device includes a hot water storage tank for temporarily storing hot water to be supplied, When the hot water is full, the generated power is reduced to the specified small generated power, and if the hot water tank is still full of hot water even if the state is continued for a predetermined time, power generation is performed. Supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration system that is controlled to stop.   A power and hot water supply / demand system using the cogeneration device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cogeneration device is a current value of generated power, a current hot water supply from a hot water tank. Information including at least one of temperature and whether the hot water storage tank is full or not is stored in the load device periodically, at the time of request, or at the time of both. A power supply / warm water supply and demand system using a cogeneration device, wherein the load device that has transmitted and received the information is configured to display the contents on the operation panel to notify the operator.   A supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the operator gives an instruction to start operation to the load device, the load device is: The self-identification number and information indicating that the operation is to be started are transmitted to the cogeneration apparatus, and the cogeneration apparatus that has received the information receives the received information, the current generated power, the current hot water supply temperature, and the hot water storage. The operation of the load device based on information on whether the tank is full of hot water or not, and the power consumption and the amount of hot water used by the load device previously stored in the cogeneration device corresponding to the identification number An instruction to permit or wait for the operation is determined and transmitted to the load device, and the load device that has received the instruction immediately starts operation when the instruction content is permitted. When the content of the instruction is standby, it enters a standby state without starting the driving operation, and is configured to start the driving operation after waiting for transmission of an instruction to permit the driving operation from the cogeneration device. Supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration system.   A supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the cogeneration device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the operator gives an instruction to start operation to the load device, the load device is: The self-identification number and information indicating that the operation is to be started, and the self-power consumption and hot water usage information are transmitted to the cogeneration device, and the cogeneration device that has received the information receives the received information, Based on the current generated power, the current hot water supply temperature, and information on whether or not the hot water storage tank is full of hot water, the load device is determined by determining whether to permit or wait for the operation of the load device. When the instruction content is permitted, the load device that has received the instruction immediately starts the driving operation, and when the instruction content is standby, the load device enters the standby state without starting the driving operation. Enter The cogeneration power and hot water supply system utilizing the cogeneration apparatus characterized by being configured to initiate operation operation waits for transmission of an instruction to allow the driving operation from the device.   A power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the load device is divided into a plurality of processes from the start to the end of operation, and " Means are provided for selecting “with standby” and “without standby”, and when the operator gives an instruction to start operation, the load device proceeds with the operation in the order of processes, and the next process is “with standby”. Is the process selected, before starting the operation of the process, information about the self identification number and information that the operation is to be started, and the process for which the “waiting” is selected. The information on the power consumption and the amount of hot water used is transmitted to the cogeneration device, and the cogeneration device that has received the information receives the received information, the current generated power, the current hot water supply temperature, and the hot water tank is hot water. Full water On the basis of the information on whether or not to allow the operation operation of the “waiting” process to be performed or to wait, and transmit the instruction to the load device. If it is permitted, the operation operation of the “waiting” process starts immediately after completion of the process being executed. If the instruction content is standby, “waiting” is given after the execution of the process being completed. It is configured to enter the standby state without starting the operation operation of the process, and to start the operation operation of the process of “with standby” after waiting for transmission of an instruction to permit the operation operation from the cogeneration device Supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using a cogeneration system.   A power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the load device enters a standby state in accordance with the instruction from the cogeneration device. An electric power and hot water supply and demand system using a cogeneration device, which is configured to notify the operator by display, sound, voice, or a combination thereof.   9. A power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the load device is instructed to start operation after an operator specifies a driving operation start time. The first transmission of the information including the self identification number and the desire to start the driving operation is performed at the designated driving operation start time and the electric power and hot water using the cogeneration device Supply and demand system.   The power and hot water supply / demand system using the cogeneration device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the load device designates a waiting time until the operator first starts a driving operation. When the start of operation is instructed, the first transmission of the information including the self identification number and the desire to start the driving operation is performed after the designated waiting time has elapsed. Electricity and hot water supply and demand system using generation equipment.   The power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the load device receives the information including the identification number of the load device and that it is desired to start an operation. Uses a cogeneration device characterized by stopping the standby state and entering a driving operation if no instruction is sent from the cogeneration device even after a predetermined time has passed after transmission to the generation device Power and hot water supply and demand system.   A power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration device according to claim 1, wherein the communication device for exchanging information via the communication network is configured to be connected to the communication network wirelessly. Supply and demand system for electric power and hot water using the characteristic cogeneration system. A power and hot water supply / demand system using the cogeneration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cogeneration apparatus uses a fuel cell in a power generation unit. And hot water supply and demand system.

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