JP2005068453A - High surface pressure resistant parts and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High surface pressure resistant parts and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
【課題】歯車やベアリング等の転動部品及びCVT機構における動力伝達部品の小型・軽量化や伝達可能なトルク容量を向上を実現し得る、高面圧下で使用可能な面疲労強度を有する耐高面圧部品及びその製造方法を提供すること。
【解決手段】C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、及びAl:0.01〜0.10%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼材から成り、この部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度が0.8〜1.2%である耐高面圧部品。
【選択図】 なし[PROBLEMS] To reduce the size and weight of rolling parts such as gears and bearings and the power transmission parts in a CVT mechanism and to improve the torque capacity that can be transmitted, and to have high surface fatigue strength that can be used under high surface pressure. To provide a surface pressure component and a manufacturing method thereof.
SOLUTION: C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 1.50%, and Mo : 0.05 to 0.50%, Ni: 0.50 to 3.50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 to 0.15%, and Al: 0 Containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of .01 to 0.10%, P: 0.010% or less, the balance being made of steel with Fe and inevitable impurities, High surface pressure resistant parts with a carbon concentration at the rolling site of 0.8 to 1.2%.
[Selection figure] None
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐高面圧部品及びその製造方法に係り、更に詳細には、歯車、軸受け部品及びトロイダル式無段変速機用転動体などの動力伝達部品であって、準高温(120℃)〜高温(300℃)で、且つ水素が発生する環境下において使用され、高い面圧強度を必要とする耐高面圧部品及び材料や熱処理工程に特徴を有する該部品の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、歯車やベアリング転動体のような動力伝達部品は、機械構造用鋼、例えばJIS SCM420H(C:0.17〜0.23%、Si:0.15〜0.35%、Mn:0.55〜0.90%、P:0.030%以下、S:0.030%以下、Cr:0.85〜1.25%、Mo:0.15〜0.35%、残部が実質的にFe)やJIS SNCM420Hを、鍛造や機械加工などによって成形し、高い面疲労強度が要求されているため、次いで浸炭、窒化及び浸炭窒化などの処理や、更に焼入れ焼戻し処理をして表面を硬化する。
また、水素による疲労強度の劣化を防止する浸炭用鋼として、C:0.10〜0.40%、Si:0.05〜0.50%、Mn:0.2〜2.0%、Ti:0.05〜0.20%、Al:0.010〜0.50%、N:0.0120%以下、O:0.12ppm以下を含有し、更に必要に応じて、Ni:0.10〜2.0%、Cr:0.20〜2.0%、及びMo:0.05〜1.0%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、残部がFe及び不可避不純物から成り、大きさ70nm以下のTi炭化物、Ti炭窒化物を鋼中に微細分散させ、これらの析出物に水素をトラップさせて耐遅れ破壊性を改善するものが提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−293392号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの部品の小型・軽量化は恒常的に求められており、それに伴う面圧上昇に耐え得る従来以上の面疲労強度が要求されている。
また、近年燃費向上に対する社会要請から、自動車ではトラクションドライブ又はフリクションドライブを利用した無段変速機(CVT)の適用が広がりつつあるが、トラクションドライブ機構の動力伝達部品においても、伝達できるトルク容量向上のニーズから従来以上の面疲労強度が要求されている。
【0005】
一方、高面圧下での転動においては、部品表面における転動部位での温度上昇を伴うため、面疲労強度向上のためには、鋼の転動疲労において部品表面における転動部位直下の高応力部で生じる内部組織変化(White EtchingConstituent(WEC))を抑制する必要があると同時に、潤滑油成分の分解が促進される場合があり、この分解によって生成した水素の一部が部品に浸入して面疲労強度を低下させるため、水素浸入による強度低下(以下、「水素起因による脆化」という。)も同時に抑制する必要がある。
従来から面疲労強度を高めるためSi、Cr及びMoを増量して硬化層の軟化を抑える浸炭用鋼も開発されているが、水素が浸入した場合には高い面疲労強度を維持することができなかった。
更に、上記従来の浸炭用鋼は、準高温〜高温の温度範囲では、Tiを含有する析出物(トラップサイト)にトラップされた水素が解離してしまい、面疲労強度の低下を十分に回避することができないという問題があった。
以上のことから、WEC及び水素起因による脆化の抑制は相反する関係にあり、これらを両立することは非常に困難であった。
【0006】
これらの原因について研究した結果、主なものとして以下の(1)〜(5)に記す技術知見を得た。
(1)高面圧部品が準高温〜高温の温度範囲且つ水素が発生する環境下で使用された場合、鍛造後の冷却時に現れる成分のミクロ偏析帯中の、NiやMn偏析量の少ない部位に生成した旧オーステナイト粒界に、浸炭処理や浸炭窒化処理によって析出したセメンタイトが残存している場合に、セメンタイトと粒界面とが侵入した水素によって剥離し、これにより面疲労強度が低下して面疲労強度が劣化すること。
(2)成分偏析を防止するにはNiとMnの総量を抑えるとよいこと、ただし、成分偏析は完全には回避できないため、NiとMnの量に応じて適量のMoを添加すれば、旧オーステナイト粒界の結合力は低下しないこと。
(3)浸炭処理や浸炭窒化処理によりセメンタイトを残存させないためには、炭化物形成元素であるCrの量に応じて浸炭阻害元素であるSiを適量添加すればよいこと。
(4)Vを適量添加すれば、熱処理中に析出するVを含有する炭化物や炭窒化物が基地を強化してWEC抑制に効果があるばかりでなく、Tiを含有する析出物よりも更に効果的に水素をトラップして水素起因による脆化を抑制できること。
(5)高面圧部品の製造工程において、部品表面の全炭素濃度、固溶炭素濃度、及び残存炭化物の面積率や平均粒径を適切な範囲に制御することにより、水素起因による脆化抑制効果を阻害することなくWECを抑制できること。
【0007】
本発明は、このような知見に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、歯車やベアリング等の転動部品及びCVT機構における動力伝達部品の小型・軽量化や伝達可能なトルク容量を向上を実現し得る、従来を上回る高面圧下で使用可能な面疲労強度を有する耐高面圧部品及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、所定の元素を含有する鋼を用い、この鋼表面の転動部位における炭素濃度を特定の範囲にすることなどにより、上記目的が達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
即ち、本発明の耐高面圧部品は、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、及びAl:0.01〜0.10%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼材から成り、部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度が0.8〜1.2%である。
また、本発明の自動車用転がり軸受けやトロイダル式無段変速機転動体は、上述の如き耐高面圧部品を適用した物である。
【0010】
更に、本発明の耐高面圧部品の製造方法は、上述の如き耐高面圧部品を製造する方法であって、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、及びAl:0.01〜0.10%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の合金元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼材に、浸炭又は浸炭窒化処理をして、部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度を0.8〜1.2%とし、次いで、焼入れ焼戻し処理をして耐高面圧部品を得る方法である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の耐高面圧部品について詳細に説明する。なお、本明細書において、「%」は特記しない限り質量百分率を表すものとする。
【0012】
上述の如く、本発明の耐高面圧部品は、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、又はAl:0.01〜0.10%及びこれらの組合せに係る元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼材から成り、部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度が0.8〜1.2%である。
【0013】
ここで、本発明の耐高面圧部品に含有される主な元素の作用を説明する。
Cは、基地に固溶して強度を高くするとともに、焼入れ硬さの確保する。
Siは、鋼溶製時の脱酸剤であり、焼入れ性を向上させるとともに、準高温〜高温環境下での基地の疲労強度を維持する。また、焼戻し軟化抵抗を高める(焼戻しによる硬さの低下を阻止することによって疲労強度を向上させる。)。
Mnは、Siと同様に溶鋼製時の脱酸剤であり、焼入れ性を向上させる。
Crは、焼入れ性及び浸炭性を向上させる。
Moは、焼入れ性を向上させる。
【0014】
Niは、面疲労強度を維持させる。
Ti、Nb及びAlは、浸炭又は浸炭窒化する際の結晶粒粗大化を防止するための析出物を形成させる。またこのTiを含有する析出物は水素をトラップする。
Pは、浸炭又は浸炭窒化する際にオーステナイト粒界に偏析して、焼入れ後の旧オーステナイト粒界の結合力を低下させる。
Vは、熱処理中に炭化物及び炭窒化物の一方又は双方を形成し、焼入れ処理や焼戻し処理をした部品の基地組織の強化に有効に作用してWECを抑制する。また、これらの炭化物や炭窒化物は、Tiを含有する析出物よりも効果的に水素をトラップし、応力集中部への水素の拡散及び集積を遅滞させ、水素起因による脆化を防止する。
【0015】
本発明の耐高面圧部品の鋼材において、Cは、上述した作用効果を得るためには0.15〜0.40%含有させる必要があり、0.16〜0.40%含有させることが好ましい。また、0.40%を超えると素材が硬くなり過ぎて被削性が劣化する可能性がある。
Siは、上述した作用効果を得るためには0.50〜1.50%含有させる必要がある。また、1.25%を超えると素材が硬くなり過ぎて加工性が低下する可能性があるので、0.50〜1.25%含有させることが好ましい。
Mnは、上述した作用効果を得るためには0.20〜1.50%含有させる必要がある。また、1.31%を超えると素材が硬くなり過ぎて加工性が低下するとともに、焼鈍し処理による変態終了時間が長くなり、経済的でなくなるので、0.20〜1.31%含有させることが好ましい。
Crは、上述した作用効果を得るためには0.50〜1.50%含有させる必要がある。また、1.31%を超えると素材が硬くなり過ぎて加工性が低下する可能性があるので、0.50〜1.31%含有させることが好ましい。
Moは、上述した作用効果を得るためには0.05〜0.50%含有させる必要がある。また、0.45%を超えると素材が硬くなり過ぎて加工性が低下する可能性があるので、0.05〜0.45%含有させることが好ましい。
【0016】
Niは、上述した作用効果を得るためには0.50〜3.50%含有させる必要がある。また、3.00%を超えると素材が硬くなり過ぎて加工性が低下する可能性があるので、0.50〜3.00%含有させることが好ましい。
更に、Ti、Nb及びAlは、上述した作用効果を得るためには、それぞれ0.03〜0.20%、0.03〜0.15%、及び0.01〜0.10%含有させる必要がある。これらの範囲を超えると粗大析出物が生成し、素材の加工性が低下する可能性がある。
ここで、本発明の耐高面圧部品の鋼材において、Ni、Ti、Nb及びAlは、それぞれ単独に含有させる場合には上記範囲である必要があり、これらを組み合わせて含有させることも可能であり、その場合には、これら各種元素が上記範囲であることが必要である。
なお、Pは、上述した作用を示すので0.010%以下に制限する必要がある。
【0017】
また、本発明の耐高面圧部品において、水素起因による脆化抑制効果を阻害することなくWECを抑制するためには、部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度は0.8〜1.2%であることが必要である。
更に、(炭素+窒素)濃度が0.8〜1.2%であることが好ましい。これにより、より水素起因による脆化抑制効果を阻害することなくWECを抑制することが可能となるからである。
【0018】
本発明の耐高面圧部品においては、上記の通りCrの添加は必須であるが、浸炭又は浸炭窒化処理中にセメンタイトがオーステナイト粒界に析出することがあり、これはCr添加量の増加とともに顕著になる。Siを添加して浸炭性又は浸炭窒化性を抑制することにより、セメンタイトの析出を回避することが可能であり、このような作用効果を得るためにはCr/Si濃度比を0.8〜2.0とすることが好ましい。
また、Moは、MnとNiがミクロ偏析して、MnがNiの希薄な領域で生じる旧オーステナイト粒界域の脆化を防止する効果があるが、Moに対して、過度のMnとNiが含まれるとその効果が発揮されない可能性があるため、(Mn+Ni)/Mn濃度比が20以下であることが好ましい。
更に、Vは、上述した作用効果を得るために、0.05〜0.40%含有させることが好ましい。この範囲を超えると粗大析出物が生成し、素材の加工性が低下する可能性がある。
【0019】
本発明の耐高面圧部品においては、表面の転動部位における固溶炭素濃度が0.60〜0.95%であることが好ましい。部品表面における固溶炭素濃度は焼入れ組織、特にマルテンサイト組織の形態や粒度を左右する。特に、WECの抑制にとっては固溶炭素濃度0.60〜0.95%で得られるラス状マルテンサイトとレンズ状マルテンサイトが混合した微細マルテンサイト組織とすることが有効であり、0.60%未満では硬さの低いラス状マルテンサイト組織が主体となり、0.95%を超えると、レンズ状マルテンサイト組織が主体となり粒度が粗くなるため、WECによる転動疲労寿命が低下する。
ここで、「固溶炭素濃度(%)」とは、次式▲1▼
[電子線マイクロアナライザー(EPMA)分析による炭素濃度(%)]−[炭化物面積率×6.67(%)]/100…▲1▼から算出されるものである。なお、更に詳細には後述する。
【0020】
また、表面の炭化物平均粒径が1.2μm以下であることが好ましい。1.2μm以下であると炭化物又は炭窒化物は効果的に水素をトラップし、応力集中部への水素の拡散と集積を遅滞させ、水素起因による転動疲労を抑制することができる。ただし、発明者らの実験によれば1.2μmを超えるとその抑制効果は殆ど消失する。
更に、表面の炭化物面積率が2〜8%であることが好ましい。発明者らの実験によれば部品表面の炭化物面積率が2〜8%の範囲でWECによる転動疲労寿命が向上する。またこの範囲外ではこの向上効果が発現しない。
【0021】
一方、本発明の耐高面圧部品はその部品表面における転動部位の一部又は部品表面における転動部位の全部にNiめっきをすることもできる。Niをめっき等で被覆することにより、ミクロな金属触媒による新生面の生成が抑制されると共に、Niが水素の透過し難い保護被膜として作用し、転動中のトライボケミカル反応などにより生成された水素の基材への侵入が抑制され望ましい。
なお、これらの機能が作用するためには被膜厚さは0.1〜20μmが好適である。
このような本発明の耐高面圧部品は、その用途として上述したような性能を発揮できれば、特に限定されるものではないが、代表例として、自動車用転がり軸受けやトロイダル式無段変速機転動体などを挙げることができる。
【0022】
次に、本発明の耐高面圧部品の製造方法について説明する。
上述の如く、本発明の耐高面圧部品の製造方法は、上記本発明の耐高面圧部品を製造する方法であって、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、又はAl:0.01〜0.10%及びこれらの組合せに係る元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物から成る鋼材に、浸炭又は浸炭窒化処理をして、部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度を0.8〜1.2%とし、次いで、焼入れ焼戻し処理をし、耐高面圧部品を得る方法である。
各種元素の作用については上述した通りであり、浸炭や浸炭窒化処理により部品表面の炭素濃度、固溶炭素濃度、炭化物の面積率及び炭化物の平均粒径等を所望の範囲に制御でき、浸炭窒化処理においては更に窒素濃度についても制御することが可能となる。
【0023】
また、製造工程に関しては、上述したような本発明の耐高面圧部品を得ることができれば特に限定されるものではないが、浸炭処理や浸炭窒化処理後、一旦、部品表面がAc1変態点以上Acm変態点+150℃未満の温度になるように部品表面、あるいは部品全体を保持し、次いで、550℃以上Ar1変態点未満の温度に降温し、引き続き該温度範囲にて保持し、その後、Ac1変態点以上Acm変態点未満の温度にて保持し、しかる後急冷する処理をすることが望ましい。これにより、炭化物の面積率や平均粒径などを所望の範囲に制御した耐高面圧部品を得ることができる。
なお、この得られた部品に上述したような効果を得るためにNiめっきをすることも望ましい。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例及び比較例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0025】
[各例の供試体の作製]
表1に示す組成の鋼素材(鋼種1〜16)を用いて、φ60×t5円盤のスラスト転動試験片と、スラスト玉軸受け試験の内輪及び外輪を作製した。
【0026】
【表1】
【0027】
得られたスラスト転動試験片と、スラスト玉軸受けの内輪及び外輪とを、詳しくは後述するが熱処理パターンA〜Dで浸炭又は浸炭窒化処理と焼入れ焼戻し処理を行った後、部品表面における転動部位を研削超仕上げして、表面粗さをRa0.03μm程度にした。その後、必要に応じてNiめっきを施し、基材に対する被膜の密着性を上げるためにNi系ストライクめっき浴中で電流密度2A/dm2で10分間Niストライクめっき皮膜を被覆し、引き続いてNi系めっき浴中で電流密度2A/dm2で10分間Niめっき皮膜を被覆し、膜厚5μmのNiめっきをして、各例のφ60×t5円盤のスラスト転動試験片と、スラスト玉軸受け試験の内輪及び外輪を得た。
【0028】
ここで、図1に熱処理パターンA〜Dを示し、同図を用いて説明する。同図におけるAパターンは、ガス浸炭炉にて950℃、CP値1.1〜1.3%で10〜17時間で浸炭後、850℃に降温してCP値0.9%で30分間保持後、80℃油中へ一旦焼入れして170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。
その後、真空炉を用いて真空雰囲気中970℃へ昇温して1時間保持後、2.0〜15.0℃/minの速度で降温して650℃で6時間保持した。その後、880℃まで昇温して45分間保持後、830℃まで降温して30分間保持後、80℃油中へ焼入れた。その後、170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。
【0029】
同図におけるBパターンは、ガス浸炭炉にて950℃、CP値1.1〜1.3%、NH3=3vol%で10〜17時間浸炭窒化後、850℃に降温してCP値0.9%で30分間保持後、80℃油中へ一旦焼入れして170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。
その後、真空炉を用いて真空雰囲気中970℃へ昇温して1時間保持後、2.0〜15.0℃/minの速度で降温して650℃で6時間保持した。その後、880℃まで昇温して45分間保持後、830℃まで降温して30分間保持後、80℃油中へ焼入れた。その後、170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。
【0030】
同図におけるCパターンは、ガス浸炭炉にて950℃、CP値1.1〜1.3%で10〜17時間で浸炭後、850℃に降温してCP値0.9%で30分間保持後、80℃油中へ一旦焼入れして170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。その後、真空炉を用いて真空雰囲気中550℃へ昇温して6時間保持した。その後880℃まで昇温して45分間保持後830℃まで降温して30分間保持後、80℃油中へ焼入れた。その後、170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。
【0031】
同図におけるDパターンは、ガス浸炭炉にて950℃、CP値1.1〜1.3%で10〜17時間で浸炭後、850℃に降温してCP値0.9%で30分間保持後、80℃油中へ一旦焼入れして170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。その後、ガス浸炭炉を用いて880℃、CP値1.0%で1時間保持後、80℃油中へ2次焼入れを実施し、その後、170℃で2時間の焼戻し処理を実施した。
このようにして得られた供試体の仕様(鋼種、熱処理及びNiめっき)を表2に示す。
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
[性能評価]
得られた供試体を、スラスト型転動疲労試験機並びにスラスト玉軸受け試験機にセットして下記条件にて単体試験を実施した。
なお、寿命の評価は、振動センサーによって転動時の振動を検出し、内外輪のうちいずれかに剥離が発生するまでの時間で評価した。また、試験中にパワーローラの玉に剥離が生じた場合には、新品のものと入れ替えて試験を継続した。
【0034】
(WEC試験)
・試験機 :スラスト型転動疲労試験機
・面圧 :5.2GPa
・最大せん断応力深さ :表面から0.1mm位置深さ
・潤滑油 :トラクションオイル
・潤滑油温 :150℃
・回転数 :2000rpm
・相手鋼球 :SUJ2浸炭窒化 3/8インチ 3球
【0035】
(水素起因による脆化試験)
・試験機 :スラスト玉軸受け試験機
・面圧 :3.6GPa
・最大せん断応力深さ :表面から0.3mm位置深さ
・潤滑油 :トラクションオイル
・潤滑油温 :150℃
・回転数 :6000rpm
・相手鋼球 :SUJ2浸炭窒化 3/8インチ 12球
【0036】
ここで、図2にスラスト転動疲労試験の概略図を示す。同図に示すように、供試体(φ60×t5円盤のスラスト転動試験片)10はスラスト型転動疲労試験機1にセットにされて試験を実施した(図中の矢印Aは圧縮荷重方向を示す。)。また、図3にスラスト玉軸受け試験の概略図を示す。同図に示すように、供試体(内輪20、外輪30)はスラスト玉軸受け試験機2にセットされて試験を実施した(図中の矢印Bは潤滑油供給方向を示す。)。
図2に示すスラスト転動疲労試験機1並びに図3に示すスラスト玉軸受け試験機2においては、転がり接触楕円の端部において、多少なりともすべりが発生し、すべり率の大小によって、WEC型、水素脆性型剥離をかなりの確率で分離できることを見出した。即ち、図2に示すスラスト転動疲労試験機1においては、転がり接触楕円の端部のすべり率が小さいためにWEC型、図3に示すスラスト玉軸受け試験機2においては、転がり接触楕円の端部のすべり率がかなり大きいために水素脆性型剥離となることを見出した。そこで、図2に示すスラスト転動疲労試験を「WEC型」の試験、図3に示すスラスト玉軸受け試験を「水素脆性型」の試験とした。
【0037】
試験の終了した供試体は、炭素及び窒素濃度分析法、炭化物面積率と炭化物平均粒径の算出法、及び固溶炭素濃度の算出法より、表面炭素濃度(%)、表面窒素濃度(%)、炭化物平均粒径(μm)、炭化物面積率(%)及び固溶炭素濃度(%)をそれぞれ測定した。
【0038】
上記炭素及び窒素濃度分析法、炭化物面積率と炭化物平均粒径の算出法をフローチャートを用いて説明する。図4に本発明における(a)炭素及び窒素濃度分析法、(b)炭化物面積率と炭化物平均粒径の算出法を示す。同図(a)に示すように、浸炭部の炭素及び窒素濃度(%)の分析方法は、部品切断を行い、次いで、断面研磨を行い、しかる後、EPMA分析(表層から0.1mmまで)を行うものである。また、同図(b)に示すように、浸炭部の炭化物面積率(%)と炭化物平均粒径の算出方法は、部品切断、断面研磨、腐食(3%硝酸アルコール溶液)、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)観察(10000倍、表層から0.01mm間隔で0.1mmまで)、写真撮影(11視野)、画像処理解析、及び炭化物面積率と炭化物平均粒径の算出をこの順に行うものである。得られた結果を上記した式▲1▼に適用して、浸炭部の固溶炭素濃度(%)を算出する。得られた結果を表2に併記して示す。なお、表2中、WEC寿命及び水素脆化寿命の項目の記載において、例えば、「7.00E+07」は「7.00×107」を表すものである。
【0039】
表2に示すように、実施例1〜12においては、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、又はAl:0.01〜0.10%及びこれらの組合せに係る元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼を用いて、表面炭素濃度0.8〜1.2%となるように熱処理A〜Cパターンで浸炭又は浸炭窒化処理と焼入れ焼戻し処理をすることで、平均粒径1.2μm以下の微細な炭化物が2〜8%の範囲で析出し、マトリクス固溶炭素濃度が0.6〜0.95%になるために、最大せん断応力深さ位置を中心に生成するWEC型組織変化の生成が大幅に遅延されるため長寿命になる。
また、実施例4〜12のように部品表面における転動部位にNiめっきを施すことにより、水素の基材への侵入を抑制するため水素脆性型の組織変化の生成が遅延され、転動疲労寿命が大幅に向上する。
更に、実施例4〜12のように、Ti、Nb又はV及びこれらを組み合わせて添加したり、増量添加することにより、微細炭化物や窒化物の析出量が増え熱処理中に結晶粒の粗大化を防止すると共に、転動疲労試験中には水素をトラップする作用を高め、WEC型剥離寿命及び水素脆性型剥離寿命の双方とも長寿命化する。
【0040】
更にまた、実施例12においては、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、及びAl:0.01〜0.10%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼を用いて、Dパターンで熱処理すると、Cr、Moが少ないのでM23C6は生成されない。
【0041】
それに対し、比較例1〜9においては、M23C6型の炭化物が析出するAc1変態点以上Acm変態点+150℃未満に保持した後、550℃以上Ar1変態点未満の温度に降温し、引き続き当該温度範囲にて保持し、析出炭化物は結晶粒界に析出する粗大なM3C型であることから、WEC型剥離寿命の大幅な向上が図れないうえに、Niめっきを施しても水素脆性型剥離寿命の大幅な向上も図れない。
【0042】
また、比較例1及び2においては、Si添加量が0.5%を下回っているために、焼戻し軟化抵抗性に劣ることから、準高温〜高温のWEC型剥離寿命の向上を図ることが難しい。
更に、比較例3においては、Cr添加量が少なく、Cr/Si濃度比が0.8を下回り、炭化物析出量が少なく、固溶炭素濃度が0.95%を超えるために、WEC型剥離寿命は短くなる。
更にまた、比較例4においては、(Mn+Ni)/Mo濃度比が20を超えるため、ミクロ偏析が激しく、高面圧下においては偏析界面からクラックが発生し易くなるため、WEC型剥離寿命及び水素脆化型剥離寿命の双方とも短くなる。
【0043】
また、比較例5〜8においては、Ti、Nb、Alを本発明の範囲より多く添加した場合、結晶粒界に粗大な炭化物や窒化物が析出し易く、固溶炭素濃度が0.6%を下回るために、WEC型剥離寿命及び水素脆性型剥離寿命の双方とも大幅な向上が図れない。
更に、比較例8においては、Pを本発明の範囲より多く添加した場合、結晶粒界へのPの偏析が多くなるために、水素脆性型剥離寿命が短くなる。
【0044】
また、比較例9においては、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、及びAl:0.01〜0.10%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼を用いても、表面炭素濃度が1.2%を上回る場合、結晶粒界上に粗大炭化物が析出するうえ、固溶炭素濃度が低くなるために、WEC型剥離寿命及び水素脆性型剥離寿命の双方とも寿命延長は難しい。
【0045】
更にまた、比較例10及び11においては、C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、又はAl:0.01〜0.10%及びこれらの組合せに係る元素を含有し、P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼を用いず、表面炭素濃度0.8〜1.2%となるように熱処理Cパターンで浸炭焼入れ焼戻し処理をした場合、Aパターンに比較して浸炭焼入れ焼戻し後の970℃での保持工程がないため、最初の浸炭焼入れ工程で結晶粒界に析出したM3C型の炭化物がマトリクス中に再固溶し難くなるために、結晶粒界付近の炭素濃度が結晶粒内に比較して高くなり、M23C6型の炭化物は結晶粒界付近に析出し易く、これが過度に侵入水素をトラップするため、水素脆性型剥離寿命は若干劣り、また、再結晶し難くなるために、結晶粒が粗大なままであり、WEC型剥離寿命も若干劣る。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、本発明によれば、所定の元素を含有する鋼を用い、この鋼表面の転動部位における炭素濃度を特定の範囲にすることなどとしたため、歯車やベアリング等の転動部品及びCVT機構における動力伝達部品の小型・軽量化や伝達可能なトルク容量を向上を実現し得る、従来を上回る高面圧下で使用可能な面疲労強度を有する耐高面圧部品及びその製造方法を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】熱処理パターンA〜Dを示す模式的説明図である。
【図2】スラスト型転動疲労試験の概略図である。
【図3】スラスト玉軸受け試験の概略図である。
【図4】炭素及び窒素濃度分析法並びに炭化物面積率及び炭化物平均粒径の算出法を示すフローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
1 スラスト型転動疲労試験機
2 スラスト玉軸受け試験機
10 φ60×t5円盤のスラスト転動試験片
20 内輪
30 外輪[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high surface pressure resistant component and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a power transmission component such as a gear, a bearing component, and a rolling element for a toroidal continuously variable transmission, and a semi-high temperature (120 ° C.). The present invention relates to a high surface pressure resistant component that is used in an environment where hydrogen is generated at a high temperature (300 ° C.) and requires a high surface pressure strength, and a method for manufacturing the component characterized by materials and heat treatment processes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, power transmission parts such as gears and bearing rolling elements have been used for machine structural steel, such as JIS SCM420H (C: 0.17 to 0.23%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35%, Mn: 0.00. 55 to 0.90%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Cr: 0.85 to 1.25%, Mo: 0.15 to 0.35%, the balance being substantially Fe) and JIS SNCM420H are formed by forging, machining, etc., and high surface fatigue strength is required. Then, the surface is hardened by carburizing, nitriding and carbonitriding, and further by quenching and tempering. .
Further, as carburizing steel for preventing deterioration of fatigue strength due to hydrogen, C: 0.10 to 0.40%, Si: 0.05 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.2 to 2.0%, Ti : 0.05 to 0.20%, Al: 0.010 to 0.50%, N: 0.0120% or less, O: 0.12 ppm or less, and if necessary, Ni: 0.10 -2.0%, Cr: 0.20-2.0%, and Mo: at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.05-1.0%, the balance being Fe and inevitable It has been proposed to improve the delayed fracture resistance by finely dispersing Ti carbide and Ti carbonitride having a size of 70 nm or less in steel and trapping hydrogen in these precipitates (for example, (See Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-293392
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
These parts are constantly required to be smaller and lighter, and a surface fatigue strength higher than that required to withstand the associated increase in surface pressure is required.
In recent years, the demand for continuously variable transmissions (CVT) using traction drive or friction drive has been increasing in automobiles due to social demands for improving fuel efficiency. However, even in the power transmission components of traction drive mechanisms, the torque capacity that can be transmitted is improved. Therefore, the surface fatigue strength higher than the conventional one is required.
[0005]
On the other hand, rolling under high surface pressure is accompanied by a temperature rise at the rolling site on the part surface. Therefore, in order to improve surface fatigue strength, in rolling fatigue of steel, It is necessary to suppress changes in the internal structure (White Etching Constituent (WEC)) that occur in the stress area, and at the same time, decomposition of the lubricating oil component may be promoted, and some of the hydrogen generated by this decomposition enters the part. In order to reduce the surface fatigue strength, it is also necessary to suppress a decrease in strength due to hydrogen penetration (hereinafter referred to as “embrittlement caused by hydrogen”).
Conventionally, carburizing steels that increase the amount of Si, Cr, and Mo to suppress the softening of the hardened layer have been developed to increase the surface fatigue strength. However, when hydrogen penetrates, high surface fatigue strength can be maintained. There wasn't.
Furthermore, in the above conventional carburizing steel, hydrogen trapped in Ti-containing precipitates (trap sites) is dissociated in a temperature range from quasi-high temperature to high temperature, thereby sufficiently avoiding reduction in surface fatigue strength. There was a problem that I could not.
From the above, suppression of embrittlement due to WEC and hydrogen has a contradictory relationship, and it has been very difficult to achieve both.
[0006]
As a result of studying these causes, the technical knowledge described in (1) to (5) below was obtained as the main ones.
(1) When high surface pressure parts are used in a temperature range from quasi-high temperature to high temperature and in an environment where hydrogen is generated, a part with a small amount of Ni or Mn segregation in a microsegregation zone of a component that appears during cooling after forging When cementite precipitated by carburizing or carbonitriding treatment remains in the prior austenite grain boundaries formed in the surface, the cementite and the grain interface peel off due to the invading hydrogen, which reduces the surface fatigue strength. Fatigue strength deteriorates.
(2) In order to prevent component segregation, the total amount of Ni and Mn should be suppressed. However, since component segregation cannot be completely avoided, if an appropriate amount of Mo is added according to the amount of Ni and Mn, The bond strength of austenite grain boundaries should not be reduced.
(3) In order not to leave cementite by carburizing treatment or carbonitriding treatment, an appropriate amount of Si as a carburization inhibiting element should be added according to the amount of Cr as a carbide forming element.
(4) If an appropriate amount of V is added, carbides and carbonitrides containing V that precipitate during heat treatment not only strengthen the base and are effective in suppressing WEC, but are more effective than precipitates containing Ti. It is possible to trap hydrogen and suppress embrittlement caused by hydrogen.
(5) In the manufacturing process of high surface pressure parts, the embrittlement due to hydrogen is suppressed by controlling the total carbon concentration, solute carbon concentration, and the area ratio and average particle size of the remaining carbides within appropriate ranges. WEC can be suppressed without inhibiting the effect.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of such knowledge. The object of the present invention is to reduce the size and weight of the rolling parts such as gears and bearings and the power transmission parts in the CVT mechanism and to transmit torque capacity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high surface pressure resistant component having a surface fatigue strength that can be used under a higher surface pressure than conventional and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have used a steel containing a predetermined element, and by making the carbon concentration at the rolling site of this steel surface into a specific range, etc. The present inventors have found that the object can be achieved and have completed the present invention.
[0009]
That is, the high surface pressure resistant parts of the present invention are: C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 -1.50%, and Mo: 0.05-0.50%, Ni: 0.50-3.50%, Ti: 0.03-0.20%, Nb: 0.03-0 .15% and Al: containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.01 to 0.10%, P: 0.010% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities It consists of steel materials, and the carbon concentration of the rolling site | part in the component surface is 0.8-1.2%.
Moreover, the rolling bearing for automobiles and the toroidal continuously variable transmission rolling element of the present invention are those to which the above-mentioned high surface pressure resistant parts are applied.
[0010]
Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention is a method for manufacturing the high surface pressure resistant component as described above, and C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1. 50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 1.50%, and Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Ni: 0.50 to 3.50% Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 to 0.15%, and Al: containing at least one alloy element selected from the group consisting of 0.01 to 0.10% And P: 0.010% or less, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. Carburizing or carbonitriding is performed on the steel material, and the carbon concentration at the rolling site on the part surface is 0.8 to 1.2%. And then quenching and tempering to obtain a high surface pressure resistant part.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention will be described in detail. In the present specification, “%” represents mass percentage unless otherwise specified.
[0012]
As described above, the high surface pressure resistant parts of the present invention are: C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0 .50 to 1.50%, and Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Ni: 0.50 to 3.50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 -0.15%, or Al: 0.01-0.10% and the element which concerns on these combination, P: 0.010% or less, The remainder consists of steel materials which are Fe and an unavoidable impurity, The carbon concentration of the rolling site on the part surface is 0.8 to 1.2%.
[0013]
Here, the action of main elements contained in the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention will be described.
C dissolves in the base to increase the strength and secure quenching hardness.
Si is a deoxidizer for steel melting and improves hardenability and maintains the fatigue strength of the base in a quasi-high temperature to high temperature environment. Moreover, the resistance to temper softening is increased (fatigue strength is improved by preventing a decrease in hardness due to tempering).
Mn, like Si, is a deoxidizing agent when made of molten steel and improves hardenability.
Cr improves hardenability and carburization.
Mo improves hardenability.
[0014]
Ni maintains the surface fatigue strength.
Ti, Nb and Al form precipitates for preventing coarsening of crystal grains when carburizing or carbonitriding. Further, the precipitate containing Ti traps hydrogen.
P segregates at the austenite grain boundaries when carburizing or carbonitriding, and lowers the bonding strength of the prior austenite grain boundaries after quenching.
V forms one or both of carbide and carbonitride during the heat treatment and effectively acts to strengthen the base structure of the parts subjected to quenching and tempering, thereby suppressing WEC. Moreover, these carbides and carbonitrides trap hydrogen more effectively than precipitates containing Ti, delay hydrogen diffusion and accumulation in the stress concentration portion, and prevent embrittlement due to hydrogen.
[0015]
In the steel material of the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention, C needs to be contained in an amount of 0.15 to 0.40% in order to obtain the above-described effects, and 0.16 to 0.40%. preferable. Further, if it exceeds 0.40%, the material becomes too hard and the machinability may be deteriorated.
Si must be contained in an amount of 0.50 to 1.50% in order to obtain the above-described effects. Moreover, since a raw material may become hard too much and workability may fall when it exceeds 1.25%, it is preferable to make it contain 0.50-1.25%.
Mn must be contained in an amount of 0.20 to 1.50% in order to obtain the above-described effects. Further, if it exceeds 1.31%, the material becomes too hard and the workability deteriorates, and the end time of transformation by annealing treatment becomes longer, which is not economical, so 0.20 to 1.31% is contained. Is preferred.
In order to obtain the above-described effects, Cr needs to be contained in an amount of 0.50 to 1.50%. Moreover, since a raw material may become hard too much and workability may fall when it exceeds 1.31%, it is preferable to make it contain 0.50 to 1.31%.
Mo needs to be contained in an amount of 0.05 to 0.50% in order to obtain the above-described effects. Moreover, since a raw material may become hard too much when it exceeds 0.45% and workability may fall, it is preferable to make it contain 0.05-0.45%.
[0016]
Ni needs to be contained in an amount of 0.50 to 3.50% in order to obtain the above-described effects. Moreover, since a raw material may become hard too much and workability may fall when it exceeds 3.00%, it is preferable to make it contain 0.50 to 3.00%.
Furthermore, in order to obtain the above-described effects, Ti, Nb, and Al need to be contained in 0.03 to 0.20%, 0.03 to 0.15%, and 0.01 to 0.10%, respectively. There is. When these ranges are exceeded, coarse precipitates are generated, which may reduce the workability of the material.
Here, in the steel material of the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention, Ni, Ti, Nb and Al need to be in the above ranges when each is contained alone, and these can be contained in combination. In that case, it is necessary that these various elements are in the above-mentioned range.
In addition, since P shows the effect | action mentioned above, it is necessary to restrict | limit to 0.010% or less.
[0017]
Further, in the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention, in order to suppress WEC without hindering the effect of suppressing embrittlement due to hydrogen, the carbon concentration of the rolling site on the component surface is 0.8 to 1.2%. It is necessary to be.
Further, the (carbon + nitrogen) concentration is preferably 0.8 to 1.2%. This is because WEC can be suppressed without hindering the effect of suppressing embrittlement due to hydrogen.
[0018]
In the high surface pressure resistant part of the present invention, addition of Cr is essential as described above, but cementite may precipitate at the austenite grain boundary during carburizing or carbonitriding, and this is accompanied by an increase in the amount of Cr added. Become prominent. By adding Si to suppress carburizing or carbonitriding, it is possible to avoid precipitation of cementite. To obtain such an effect, the Cr / Si concentration ratio is set to 0.8-2. 0.0 is preferable.
In addition, Mo has an effect of preventing embrittlement of the prior austenite grain boundary region caused by Mn and Ni being microsegregated and Mn being a dilute region of Ni. However, excessive Mn and Ni are present relative to Mo. Since the effect may not be exhibited when it is contained, the (Mn + Ni) / Mn concentration ratio is preferably 20 or less.
Further, V is preferably contained in an amount of 0.05 to 0.40% in order to obtain the above-described effects. When this range is exceeded, coarse precipitates are produced, which may reduce the workability of the material.
[0019]
In the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention, the solid solution carbon concentration at the rolling site on the surface is preferably 0.60 to 0.95%. The solute carbon concentration on the surface of the part affects the form and particle size of the quenched structure, particularly the martensite structure. In particular, in order to suppress WEC, it is effective to obtain a fine martensite structure in which lath martensite and lenticular martensite obtained at a solid solution carbon concentration of 0.60 to 0.95% are mixed, and 0.60% If the ratio is less than 0.95%, the lath martensite structure having a low hardness is the main component. If it exceeds 0.95%, the lens-shaped martensite structure is the main component and the particle size becomes coarse, so that the rolling fatigue life due to WEC is reduced.
Here, “solid solution carbon concentration (%)” means the following formula (1)
[Carbon concentration (%) by electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis] − [Carbide area ratio × 6.67 (%)] / 100 (1). Further details will be described later.
[0020]
Moreover, it is preferable that the surface carbide average particle diameter is 1.2 micrometers or less. If it is 1.2 μm or less, the carbide or carbonitride effectively traps hydrogen, delays the diffusion and accumulation of hydrogen into the stress concentration portion, and can suppress rolling fatigue caused by hydrogen. However, according to the experiments by the inventors, when the thickness exceeds 1.2 μm, the suppression effect is almost lost.
Furthermore, the carbide area ratio on the surface is preferably 2 to 8%. According to the experiments by the inventors, the rolling fatigue life by WEC is improved when the carbide area ratio on the part surface is in the range of 2 to 8%. Moreover, this improvement effect does not appear outside this range.
[0021]
On the other hand, the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention can be plated with Ni on a part of the rolling site on the surface of the component or the entire rolling site on the surface of the component. By covering Ni with plating or the like, the formation of a new surface by a micro metal catalyst is suppressed, and Ni acts as a protective film that hardly permeates hydrogen. Hydrogen generated by a tribochemical reaction during rolling, etc. Invasion of the substrate into the substrate is preferably suppressed.
In order for these functions to work, the film thickness is preferably 0.1 to 20 μm.
Such a high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit the above-described performance as its application, but as a representative example, a rolling bearing for an automobile or a toroidal continuously variable transmission rolling element. And so on.
[0022]
Next, the manufacturing method of the high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention will be described.
As described above, the method for manufacturing a high surface pressure resistant component according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing the high surface pressure resistant component according to the present invention, wherein C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50. -1.50%, Mn: 0.20-1.50%, Cr: 0.50-1.50%, and Mo: 0.05-0.50%, Ni: 0.50-3 .50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 to 0.15%, or Al: 0.01 to 0.10% and a combination thereof, and P: It is 0.010% or less, and the steel material consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities is carburized or carbonitrided to make the carbon concentration of the rolling site on the surface of the component 0.8-1.2%, It is a method of obtaining a high surface pressure resistant part by quenching and tempering.
The action of various elements is as described above, and the carbon concentration, solid solution carbon concentration, carbide area ratio, average particle size of carbide, etc. can be controlled within a desired range by carburizing or carbonitriding, and carbonitriding. In the treatment, the nitrogen concentration can be further controlled.
[0023]
Further, the manufacturing process is not particularly limited as long as the above-described high surface pressure resistant component of the present invention can be obtained, but after the carburizing treatment or carbonitriding treatment, the surface of the component is once Ac. 1 Hold the part surface or the entire part so that the temperature is above the transformation point and below the Acm transformation point + 150 ° C, and then at 550 ° C and above Ar 1 The temperature is lowered to a temperature below the transformation point, and subsequently maintained in the temperature range. 1 It is desirable to perform a process of holding at a temperature not lower than the transformation point and lower than the Acm transformation point, and then rapidly cooling. Thereby, the high surface pressure-resistant component which controlled the area ratio, average particle diameter, etc. of the carbide | carbonized_material in the desired range can be obtained.
In order to obtain the above-described effects, it is also desirable to perform Ni plating on the obtained component.
[0024]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0025]
[Preparation of specimens for each example]
Using a steel material (
[0026]
[Table 1]
[0027]
The thrust rolling test piece obtained and the inner ring and outer ring of the thrust ball bearing will be described in detail later, but after carburizing or carbonitriding and quenching and tempering in the heat treatment patterns A to D, rolling on the part surface is performed. The part was superfinished by grinding so that the surface roughness was about Ra 0.03 μm. Thereafter, Ni plating is applied as necessary, and the current density is 2 A / dm in a Ni-based strike plating bath in order to increase the adhesion of the film to the substrate. 2 For 10 minutes to coat the Ni strike plating film, followed by a current density of 2 A / dm in a Ni-based plating bath 2 Were coated with a Ni plating film for 10 minutes, and Ni plating with a film thickness of 5 μm was carried out to obtain a thrust rolling test piece of φ60 × t5 disk of each example, and an inner ring and an outer ring of a thrust ball bearing test.
[0028]
Here, FIG. 1 shows heat treatment patterns A to D, which will be described with reference to FIG. The pattern A in the figure is 950 ° C in a gas carburizing furnace, carburized at a CP value of 1.1 to 1.3% for 10 to 17 hours, then cooled to 850 ° C and held at a CP value of 0.9% for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was once quenched into 80 ° C. oil and tempered at 170 ° C. for 2 hours.
Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 970 ° C. in a vacuum atmosphere using a vacuum furnace and held for 1 hour, then the temperature was lowered at a rate of 2.0 to 15.0 ° C./min and held at 650 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 880 ° C. and held for 45 minutes, then cooled to 830 ° C. and held for 30 minutes, and then quenched into 80 ° C. oil. Then, the tempering process for 2 hours was implemented at 170 degreeC.
[0029]
B pattern in the figure is 950 ° C. in a gas carburizing furnace, CP value is 1.1 to 1.3%, NH 3 After carbonitriding at 3 vol% for 10 to 17 hours, the temperature was lowered to 850 ° C. and held at CP value of 0.9% for 30 minutes, then quenched into 80 ° C. oil and tempered at 170 ° C. for 2 hours. .
Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 970 ° C. in a vacuum atmosphere using a vacuum furnace and held for 1 hour, then the temperature was lowered at a rate of 2.0 to 15.0 ° C./min and held at 650 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 880 ° C. and held for 45 minutes, then cooled to 830 ° C. and held for 30 minutes, and then quenched into 80 ° C. oil. Then, the tempering process for 2 hours was implemented at 170 degreeC.
[0030]
The C pattern in the figure is 950 ° C in a gas carburizing furnace, carburized at a CP value of 1.1 to 1.3% for 10 to 17 hours, then cooled to 850 ° C and held at a CP value of 0.9% for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was once quenched into 80 ° C. oil and tempered at 170 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, it heated up to 550 degreeC in the vacuum atmosphere using the vacuum furnace, and hold | maintained for 6 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 880 ° C., held for 45 minutes, lowered to 830 ° C., held for 30 minutes, and then quenched into 80 ° C. oil. Then, the tempering process for 2 hours was implemented at 170 degreeC.
[0031]
The D pattern in the figure is 950 ° C in a gas carburizing furnace, carburized at a CP value of 1.1 to 1.3% for 10 to 17 hours, then cooled to 850 ° C and held at a CP value of 0.9% for 30 minutes. Thereafter, it was once quenched into 80 ° C. oil and tempered at 170 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, after hold | maintaining for 1 hour at 880 degreeC and CP value 1.0% using a gas carburizing furnace, secondary quenching was implemented in 80 degreeC oil, and the tempering process for 2 hours was implemented at 170 degreeC after that.
Table 2 shows the specifications of the specimens thus obtained (steel type, heat treatment and Ni plating).
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
[Performance evaluation]
The obtained specimen was set in a thrust type rolling fatigue tester and a thrust ball bearing tester, and a unit test was performed under the following conditions.
The life was evaluated by detecting the vibration at the time of rolling with a vibration sensor, and evaluating the time until separation occurred in either the inner or outer ring. Moreover, when peeling occurred on the balls of the power roller during the test, the test was continued by replacing with a new one.
[0034]
(WEC test)
・ Testing machine: Thrust-type rolling fatigue testing machine
・ Surface pressure: 5.2 GPa
・ Maximum shear stress depth: 0.1mm depth from the surface
・ Lubricant: Traction oil
-Lubricating oil temperature: 150 ° C
・ Rotation speed: 2000rpm
・ Partner steel ball: SUJ2 carbonitriding 3/8 inch 3 balls
[0035]
(Embrittlement test due to hydrogen)
・ Testing machine: Thrust ball bearing testing machine
・ Surface pressure: 3.6 GPa
・ Maximum shear stress depth: 0.3mm depth from the surface
・ Lubricant: Traction oil
-Lubricating oil temperature: 150 ° C
・ Rotation speed: 6000rpm
-Counter steel ball: SUJ2 carbonitriding 3/8 inch 12 balls
[0036]
Here, the schematic of a thrust rolling fatigue test is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, a specimen (a thrust rolling test piece of φ60 × t5 disk) 10 was set in the thrust type rolling
In the thrust rolling
[0037]
Specimens for which the test was completed are the surface carbon concentration (%) and surface nitrogen concentration (%) from the carbon and nitrogen concentration analysis method, the carbide area ratio and the average particle size calculation method, and the solid solution carbon concentration calculation method. The carbide average particle size (μm), the carbide area ratio (%), and the solute carbon concentration (%) were measured.
[0038]
The carbon and nitrogen concentration analysis method and the calculation method of the carbide area ratio and the carbide average particle size will be described with reference to flowcharts. FIG. 4 shows (a) carbon and nitrogen concentration analysis method and (b) calculation method of carbide area ratio and carbide average particle size in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4A, the carbon and nitrogen concentration (%) analysis method of the carburized part is performed by cutting parts, then performing cross-sectional polishing, and then EPMA analysis (from the surface layer to 0.1 mm). Is to do. Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the carbide area ratio (%) and the average particle size of the carbide in the carburized portion are calculated by cutting a part, polishing a cross section, corrosion (3% nitric acid alcohol solution), scanning electron microscope ( SEM) observation (10,000 times, 0.1 mm from surface layer to 0.1 mm), photography (11 fields of view), image processing analysis, and calculation of carbide area ratio and carbide average particle size are performed in this order. The obtained result is applied to the above equation (1) to calculate the solute carbon concentration (%) in the carburized portion. The obtained results are shown together in Table 2. In Table 2, in the description of the items of WEC life and hydrogen embrittlement life, for example, “7.00E + 07” is “7.00 × 10 6. 7 ".
[0039]
As shown in Table 2, in Examples 1 to 12, C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: It contains 0.50 to 1.50%, and Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Ni: 0.50 to 3.50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.0. 03 to 0.15%, or Al: 0.01 to 0.10% and a combination of these elements, P: 0.010% or less, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities are used. Then, by carburizing or carbonitriding and quenching and tempering with heat treatment AC patterns so that the surface carbon concentration becomes 0.8 to 1.2%, fine carbides having an average particle size of 1.2 μm or less are 2 The maximum shear stress depth is obtained because the precipitation in the range of ~ 8% and the matrix solid solution carbon concentration becomes 0.6 ~ 0.95%. Position becomes longer life for the generation of WEC type tissue changes to generate the center is significantly delayed.
Further, as in Examples 4 to 12, Ni plating is applied to the rolling site on the surface of the component, thereby delaying the generation of a hydrogen embrittlement type structure change in order to suppress the penetration of hydrogen into the base material. The service life is greatly improved.
Further, as in Examples 4 to 12, Ti, Nb or V and combinations thereof are added, or by adding in an increased amount, the amount of precipitation of fine carbides and nitrides increases, and crystal grains become coarse during heat treatment. In addition to preventing, during the rolling fatigue test, the action of trapping hydrogen is enhanced, and both the WEC type peel life and the hydrogen brittle type peel life are extended.
[0040]
Furthermore, in Example 12, C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 1. 50% and Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Ni: 0.50 to 3.50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 to 0.15% , And Al: containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.01 to 0.10%, P: 0.010% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities When heat treatment is performed with the D pattern, there is little Cr and Mo, so M 23 C 6 Is not generated.
[0041]
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1-9, M 23 C 6 Ac on which type carbides precipitate 1 More than 550 ° C Ar 1 The temperature is lowered to a temperature below the transformation point, and subsequently maintained in the temperature range, and the precipitated carbide precipitates at the grain boundaries. 3 Since it is C type, WEC type peeling life cannot be improved significantly, and even when Ni plating is performed, hydrogen brittle type peeling life cannot be improved significantly.
[0042]
Further, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, since the Si addition amount is less than 0.5%, the temper softening resistance is inferior, so it is difficult to improve the quasi-high temperature to high temperature WEC type peeling life. .
Further, in Comparative Example 3, since the Cr addition amount is small, the Cr / Si concentration ratio is less than 0.8, the carbide precipitation amount is small, and the solute carbon concentration exceeds 0.95%, the WEC type peel life Becomes shorter.
Furthermore, in Comparative Example 4, since the (Mn + Ni) / Mo concentration ratio exceeds 20, microsegregation is severe, and cracks are likely to be generated from the segregation interface under high surface pressure. Both chemical release lifetimes are reduced.
[0043]
In Comparative Examples 5 to 8, when more Ti, Nb, and Al are added than the range of the present invention, coarse carbides and nitrides are likely to precipitate at the grain boundaries, and the solid solution carbon concentration is 0.6%. Therefore, both the WEC peeling life and the hydrogen brittleness peeling life cannot be significantly improved.
Furthermore, in Comparative Example 8, when P is added in a larger amount than the range of the present invention, the segregation of P to the crystal grain boundary increases, so that the hydrogen embrittlement type peeling life is shortened.
[0044]
In Comparative Example 9, C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 1.50 And Mo: 0.05 to 0.50%, Ni: 0.50 to 3.50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 to 0.15%, And Al: containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.01 to 0.10%, P: 0.010% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities However, when the surface carbon concentration exceeds 1.2%, coarse carbides precipitate on the grain boundaries and the solid solution carbon concentration decreases, so that both the WEC type peeling life and the hydrogen brittle type peeling life are lifetimes. Extension is difficult.
[0045]
Furthermore, in Comparative Examples 10 and 11, C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 1.50% and Mo: 0.05-0.50%, Ni: 0.50-3.50%, Ti: 0.03-0.20%, Nb: 0.03-0. 15%, or Al: 0.01 to 0.10% and elements related to these combinations, P: 0.010% or less, the balance is Fe and steel, which is an inevitable impurity, without using steel, surface carbon When carburizing, quenching and tempering with heat treatment C pattern so that the concentration becomes 0.8 to 1.2%, there is no holding step at 970 ° C. after carburizing, quenching and tempering compared to pattern A, so the first carburizing and quenching M precipitated at the grain boundaries in the process 3 Since the C-type carbide is less likely to be re-dissolved in the matrix, the carbon concentration in the vicinity of the crystal grain boundary becomes higher than that in the crystal grain, and M 23 C 6 The type of carbide is likely to precipitate near the grain boundary, which traps intruding hydrogen excessively, so the hydrogen brittle mold peeling life is slightly inferior, and the crystal grains remain coarse because it is difficult to recrystallize. Also, the WEC peel life is slightly inferior.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a steel containing a predetermined element is used, and the carbon concentration at the rolling site on the surface of the steel is set within a specific range. High surface pressure resistant parts that have surface fatigue strength that can be used under higher surface pressure than conventional ones, and that can improve the size and weight of moving parts and power transmission parts in CVT mechanisms, and that can improve the torque capacity that can be transmitted, and their manufacture A method can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing heat treatment patterns A to D. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thrust type rolling fatigue test.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thrust ball bearing test.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a carbon and nitrogen concentration analysis method and a calculation method of a carbide area ratio and a carbide average particle size.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Thrust type rolling fatigue tester
2 Thrust ball bearing testing machine
10 Thrust rolling test piece of φ60 × t5 disk
20 Inner ring
30 Outer ring
Claims (12)
Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、及びAl:0.01〜0.10%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、
P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物である鋼材から成り、
部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度が0.8〜1.2%であることを特徴とする耐高面圧部品。C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 1.50%, and Mo: 0.05 Containing 0.50%,
Selected from the group consisting of Ni: 0.50 to 3.50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 to 0.15%, and Al: 0.01 to 0.10% Containing at least one element,
P: 0.010% or less, the balance being made of steel with Fe and inevitable impurities,
A high surface pressure resistant part characterized in that the carbon concentration at the rolling site on the part surface is 0.8 to 1.2%.
C:0.15〜0.40%、Si:0.50〜1.50%、Mn:0.20〜1.50%、Cr:0.50〜1.50%、及びMo:0.05〜0.50%を含有し、
Ni:0.50〜3.50%、Ti:0.03〜0.20%、Nb:0.03〜0.15%、及びAl:0.01〜0.10%から成る群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、
P:0.010%以下であり、残部がFe及び不可避不純物から成る鋼材に、
浸炭又は浸炭窒化処理をして、部品表面における転動部位の炭素濃度を0.8〜1.2%とし、次いで、焼入れ焼戻し処理をすることを特徴とする耐高面圧部品の製造方法。In manufacturing the high surface pressure resistant component according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
C: 0.15 to 0.40%, Si: 0.50 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 1.50%, and Mo: 0.05 Containing 0.50%,
Selected from the group consisting of Ni: 0.50 to 3.50%, Ti: 0.03 to 0.20%, Nb: 0.03 to 0.15%, and Al: 0.01 to 0.10% Containing at least one element,
P: 0.010% or less, with the balance being a steel material composed of Fe and inevitable impurities,
A method of manufacturing a high surface pressure resistant component, characterized by performing carburization or carbonitriding to make a carbon concentration of a rolling site on the surface of the component 0.8 to 1.2%, and then quenching and tempering.
Priority Applications (3)
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| JP2003209275A JP2005068453A (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | High surface pressure resistant parts and manufacturing method thereof |
| EP04019630A EP1512761A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2004-08-18 | Contact pressure-resistant member and method of making the same |
| US10/921,336 US20050045248A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2004-08-19 | Contact pressure-resistant member and method of making the same |
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| JP2003209275A JP2005068453A (en) | 2003-08-28 | 2003-08-28 | High surface pressure resistant parts and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US (1) | US20050045248A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1512761A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005068453A (en) |
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| US20050045248A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
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