JP2004337036A - Sugarcane harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To downsize, lighten and cost-reduce a sugar cane harvester without lowering its functions. <P>SOLUTION: This sugar cane harvester self-propelled with crawlers is characterized by combining two front and rear conveying rollers 10a to form a pulling apparatus 10, disposing a chopping apparatus 11 behind the pulling apparatus, using a J type chain conveyer 12 as a conveyer, disposing the lower end horizontal portion of the chain conveyer 12 below the chopping apparatus, disposing a winnower 13 in a space under the inclined portion of the J type chain conveyer, disposing the duct of the winnower as an inclined duct along the lower side of the inclined portion of the J type chain conveyer, disposing a blower in the lower portion of the duct, placing the upper end of the duct under the upper end of the J type chain conveyer, longitudinally disposing an engine on one side of the chain conveyer and disposing an oil tank on the opposite side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sugarcane harvester (cane harvester), which has a shorter overall length and is smaller, lighter, and less expensive, has a relatively high working efficiency, and is inexpensive at a high working efficiency. Yes, it can be used by sugarcane growers as personal machines.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A sugarcane harvester (harvester) that cuts, cuts, separates and removes flax (leaves adhering to the trunk), and collects only the trunk in a basket or a bag is conventionally known (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. JP-A-48318, JP-A-5-153836), the reaping and cutting mechanism are common, but various arrangements of a transport mechanism, an air selection device, and an engine are in practical use. One such prior art is shown in FIG. 1, which has the simplest overall mechanism and is superior in function.
[0003]
The conventional sugarcane harvester described above is driven by the crawler 1 to be self-propelled, pulled into the machine while causing the sugarcane by the pair of left and right crop dividers 2, and rooted by the base cutter 3. The sugarcane rooted by the base cutter 3 can be jumped up at its lower end (root) by the spiral jumping tool 3a. The jumped-up sugarcane is drawn into the pull-in device 4 disposed immediately thereafter from the base, is directed obliquely upward by the feed roller 4a of the pull-in device 4, and is guided to the lower end of the feed roller conveyor 5 without difficulty. It is drawn into the conveyor 5 and is thereby pulled up obliquely upward. The sugar cane that has been pulled up to the upper end of the transport roller conveyor 5 is cut into a length of about 30 cm by a chopping device 6 provided at the upper end of the transport roller conveyor 5, and dropped by a wind selection device 7. The sugar cane dropped in the wind separation device 7 is separated from the trunk by the high-speed airflow blown up by the blower 7a, and the trunk is collected in the bag B. Hakama separated from the trunk by the wind selection device 7 is sucked upward by a suction device using a fan 7b and discharged from its outlet.
[0004]
The sugarcane cut by the base cutter 3 is directed to the transport roller conveyor 5 by the retraction device 4 and is pulled up by the transport roller conveyor 5, so that the processing of the sugarcane after cutting can be performed smoothly and efficiently. Therefore, work efficiency is high.
The retracting device 4 that pulls the long sugar cane by the retracting device 4 and guides it in the oblique direction of the conveying roller conveyor 5 is slightly inclined diagonally upward, and directs the extracted sugar cane further upward to the conveying roller conveyor 5. For easy delivery, three pairs of upper and lower feed rollers 4a are provided. If the delivery angle from the pull-in device 4 to the transport roller conveyor 5 is smaller than the inclination angle of the transport roller conveyor 5, the sugarcane protrudes from the gap between the feed rollers 5a, deviates from the transport roller conveyor 5, and moves to the ground. Sugarcane that not only drops but also protrudes from the gap between the feed rollers 5a and stops there, which may hinder the smooth conveyance of the succeeding sugarcane, causing the conveyance to accumulate and interrupt the cutting operation. Is high. Therefore, at least three sets of feeding rollers of the drawing-in device are required because the two sets cannot direct the drawn sugar cane further upward.
[0005]
In addition, the sugarcane is pulled from the drawing device 4, pulled up diagonally upward, and the inclination angle of the transport roller conveyor 5 to be supplied to the chopping device 6 at the upper end thereof is about 45 degrees (the winding and slender sugarcane is smoothly drawn from the drawing device 4). A further inclination angle is impossible to smoothly take up and direct obliquely upward.) Further, the feed roller 5a does not fall out even if it is a meandering slender cane, protruding from a gap between the feed rollers 5a. They are densely arranged so that they can be transported reliably and smoothly. If the arrangement density of the feed rollers 5a is coarse, the sugarcane protrudes from the gap between the feed rollers 5a and stops, and the stopped sugarcane becomes an obstacle to the smooth conveyance of the succeeding sugarcane, and the conveyance is stopped. However, since there is a high possibility that the cutting operation has to be interrupted, it is inevitable to increase the arrangement density of the feed rollers 5a.
[0006]
In addition, since the sugarcane harvester runs on a sugarcane field with soft ground, it is important that the weight is balanced to the left and right. Also, since there is a space below the transport roller conveyor 5 and the chopping device 6, the engine is placed horizontally in this space so that the weight of the engine is equally applied to the left and right. In addition, in this sugarcane harvester, the oil pump is driven by the engine, and the crop divider, base cutter, pull-in roller of the pull-in device, feed roller of the conveyor, running drive wheels, etc. are all driven by the oil motor. I have. Since many devices are driven by hydraulic pressure in this way, a large amount of hydraulic oil is required, and a large oil tank is required to radiate the hydraulic oil, and its weight is large. For this reason, a large oil tank is arranged behind the cab.
[0007]
The clock divider is elevating operated by hydraulic cylinders S _1, The base cutter 3 and retraction device 4 is a frame body is the same, be vertically actuated by a hydraulic cylinder S _2, is lowered in the position shown during the work I have.
The conventional sugarcane harvester described above is simpler in overall mechanism and operation than other conventional systems, has excellent durability, and has a high working capacity. Similarly, it is unavoidable to be large and heavy, and it is expensive. Therefore, there is an aspect that the sugarcane growing farm is too expensive to purchase as a private working machine. Further, the above conventional sugarcane harvester is suitable for harvesting in a large-sized sugarcane field, but is also unsuitable for harvesting in a relatively small sugarcane field. For this reason, conventional sugarcane harvesters (harvesters) are difficult to spread to relatively small-sized sugarcane farmers in Japan.
[0008]
On the other hand, as the number of farmers who switch from rice cultivation to sugarcane cultivation is gradually increasing, it is expected that small and medium-sized sugarcane cultivation farmers will increase.
In view of the above, there is a demand for a small, lightweight and inexpensive sugarcane harvester which has the same function as the above conventional sugarcane harvester even though the work efficiency is somewhat low.
In order to reduce the size, weight, and manufacturing cost, the mechanism must be simplified and the length must be reduced. However, since the mechanism from the crop divider to the base cutter is related to sugarcane and root cutting, it is possible to make the mechanism compact, but it is difficult to simplify it, and from the crop divider to the base cutter. Since the length of is related to the height of the sugarcane, the length between them can hardly be reduced.
[0009]
Therefore, in order to simplify the overall mechanism of the sugarcane harvester and reduce the overall length, a device downstream of the base cutter (downstream in the direction of the flow of the sugarcane), that is, a drawing device, a transport device, and a wind separation device There is no other way but to simplify the mechanism, devise the arrangement of these parts and the arrangement of the engine, and consolidate the devices downstream of the base cutter.
[0010]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-55-48318 [Patent Document 2] JP-A-5-153338
[Problem to be solved]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to reduce the size, weight, and price of a sugarcane harvester without deteriorating its function, and therefore, aiming at the downstream of the base cutter (the direction of the sugarcane flow). The challenge is to simplify the equipment downstream, i.e., the retraction device, the transport device, and the air separation device, and to consolidate the entire device downstream from the base cutter by devising their arrangement and the arrangement of the engine. To do.
[0012]
[Measures taken to solve the problem]
Means taken to solve the above problems include a crop divider, a base cutter, a retraction device, a transport device for transporting diagonally upward, a chopping device, and a wind separation device. The apparatus is driven by an oil motor, and is based on the following (a) to (d) on the premise of a sugarcane harvester that runs on its own by a crawler.
(A) the retracting device is constituted by two pairs of feed rollers, and a chopping device is disposed behind the retracting device;
(B) the transfer device is a J-type chain conveyor, and the lower horizontal portion is disposed below the chopping device;
(C) The air selection device is disposed in a space below the inclined portion of the J-type chain conveyor, and the duct of the air selection device is formed as an inclined duct along the lower surface of the inclined portion of the J-type chain conveyor. A blower was placed at the bottom, and the upper end of the duct was positioned below the upper end of the J-type chain conveyor.
(D) The engine is arranged on one side of the chain conveyor in the front-rear direction, and an oil tank is arranged on the opposite side.
[0013]
[Action]
A chopping device is arranged in close proximity to the retracting device immediately after the base cutter, and sugarcane is cut by the chopping device immediately after being retracted by the retracting device, so it is directed in a special direction by a slender sugarcane retracting device. There is no need to guide them. Therefore, the retracting device only has to have a function of retracting the elongated sugar cane, so that two sets of feed rollers are sufficient. Therefore, it is simplified, the overall length is shortened, the size is reduced, and the weight is reduced as compared with the retraction device in the conventional sugarcane harvester.
[0014]
In addition, since the lower horizontal portion of the J-type chain conveyor is disposed below the chopping device, the sugar cane shredded by the chopping device is received by the lower horizontal portion of the J-type chain conveyor, and the diagonally upward portion of the J-chain conveyor is obliquely moved upward. Can be pulled out smoothly and reliably. As described above, by adopting a method in which the sugarcane is shredded and then lifted obliquely upward, the conveyor can be a chain conveyor. Therefore, the mechanism is extremely simplified and lightened as compared with a conventional transport conveyor having densely arranged feed rollers. Furthermore, since the shredded sugar cane is pulled obliquely, unlike the conventional one in which the meandering elongated sugar cane is sequentially conveyed by a number of feed rollers, the inclination angle of the conveyor can be increased, and therefore, While the lifting height is the same, the length in the front-rear direction of the inclined portion is greatly reduced. In addition, since the lower horizontal portion of the J-shaped chain conveyor is arranged so as to be inserted into the space below the chopping device, the length of the space occupied by the J-shaped chain conveyor in the front-rear direction is shortened accordingly.
[0015]
In addition, by configuring the conveyor as a chain conveyor, the conveyor for pulling the sugar cane obliquely upward is extremely thin as compared with the conventional one using the feed roller, and the space below is wider by that much, Therefore, the air selection device can be arranged in this space, and the air selection duct can be arranged along the lower surface of the conveyor. Then, the engine is arranged in the space below the conveyor, and the wind selection duct is arranged along the lower surface of the conveyor, as compared with the conventional one in which the air selection device is arranged behind the upper end of the conveyor. Thereby, the arrangement of the transport conveyor and the air selection device is centralized, and the length in the front-rear direction is significantly reduced.
[0016]
Furthermore, when an engine that has been conventionally arranged horizontally in the lower space of the conveyor is arranged in the front-rear direction (vertical installation) beside the conveyor, there is a problem that the weight balance in the left-right direction is lost. By arranging the oil tank on the opposite side, the above-described imbalance is avoided.
As described above, as a result of arranging the base cutter, the pull-in device, the chopping device, the transport conveyor, and the air separation device in a state of being densely arranged in the front-rear direction, the overall length of the device arrangement is significantly reduced. Further, as a result of the overall length of the device arrangement being significantly reduced, the length of the crawler is reduced, so that its size and weight can be reduced.
In addition, it is inevitable that the working efficiency is reduced by simplifying and reducing the size of the mechanism. On the other hand, when the work efficiency is reduced, the cutting speed is reduced by that much, and the width of a series of devices including the drawing-in device, the chopping device, and the transport conveyor can be made smaller than that of the conventional device. Thus, by narrowing the width of the series of devices, it becomes possible to vertically arrange the engine and the oil tank beside the conveyor.
[0017]
Embodiment 1
In the first embodiment, subframes are extended right and left at the rear end of the main frame of the vehicle body, and an engine and an oil tank are mounted on these subframes.
[0018]
[Action]
Since the body frame is substantially symmetrical, not only the weight of the engine and the oil tank balance each other, but also the gravity balance of the heavy body frame itself in the left-right direction is maintained.
[0019]
【Example】
Next, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
The mechanism of the clock divider 2 and the base cutter 3 in this embodiment is basically the same as that of a conventional sugarcane harvester, but is reduced in size, and the pair of left and right clock dividers 2 is formed by a single roll. (The conventional one has two rolls before and after). The base cutter 3 and the retraction device 10 and the chopping device 11 is attached to one frame member, the frame member is lifting operated by hydraulic cylinders S _2.
[0020]
The retraction device 10 includes two sets of front and rear feed rollers 10a formed by upper and lower rollers, and includes a chain transmission driven by a hydraulic motor. The front, rear, upper and lower rollers are driven via the chain transmission.
The lower two rollers of the four feed rollers 10a are fixed and interlock with each other by a chain, but the upper two rollers are interlocked with each other via an intermediate gear, and the shaft of the gear Is vertically movably supported by a support arm having a as a support point. The pull-in device 10 can be configured by two pairs of upper and lower feed rollers, and the pull-in device 10 is configured by two pairs of upper and lower feed rollers. It is short and its support mechanism and drive mechanism are simple. Therefore, it is extremely small and lightweight as compared with the retracting device 4 in the prior art.
[0021]
The chopping device 11 includes a pair of upper and lower rollers and a gripping roller, and the cutter and the gripping roller are driven by a hydraulic motor via gears. The sugar cane fed from the feed roller behind the retraction device 10 is gripped and cut by the cutter 11a of the chopping device 11. There are various types of sugarcane harvester cutters, but in this example, a two-axis rotary blade system is used to smooth the flow of sugarcane. The mechanism is outlined below. It is as follows.
Two cutting blades 11x are set at 180 ° intervals on the upper axis of the two upper and lower axes rotating at the same speed, and the roll 11y is fixed on the lower axis. Urethane rubber for buffering is embedded in the outer periphery of the roll 11y where the cutting blade 11x contacts. Then, the sugarcane fed from the feed roller 11a of the drawing device 11 is cut by the cutting blade 11x while being sandwiched between the cutting blade 11x and the roll 11y.
[0022]
A J-shaped chain conveyor 12 is disposed behind the chopping device 11. The chain conveyor 12 is a so-called bladed chain conveyor in which a number of blades 12b are arranged at equal intervals between left and right conveyor chains 12a, 12a, and the left and right conveyor chains 12a are connected by the blades 12b. The sugarcane is placed on the blades 12b and transported. The bladed chain conveyor itself is conventionally known, and its appearance is as shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the inclined portion of the J-shaped chain conveyor 12 is about 60 degrees, its length is 200 cm, and its width is 50 cm. The length of the horizontal portion at the lower end of the J-shaped chain conveyor 12 is about 50 cm, and it enters about 20 cm below the cutter of the chopping device 11.
[0023]
An inclined duct 13a of the air selection device 13 is provided in a space below the inclined portion of the J-shaped chain conveyor 12, and is arranged along the lower surface of the chain conveyor 12 so as to be inclined obliquely upward. The width of the inclined duct 13 a of the wind selection device 13 is about 50 cm, and the upper end 13 e is located below the upper end of the chain conveyor 12.
Further, a blower fan 13b is provided below the inclined duct 13a, and blows wind for wind selection into the inclined duct 13a at a high speed. In this example, the cross-sectional area of the upper end opening of the duct 13a is 650 cm ² , and wind is blown at a wind speed of 40 m / sec.
At the opening of the upper end 13e of the inclined duct 13a, a vertical straightening plate is provided at regular intervals, and diagonally upward from the opening of the upper end 13e of the inclined duct 13a against sugarcane falling from the upper end of the chain conveyor 12. The wind is blown toward it.
The falling sugar cane thrown backward by the blades of the chain conveyor 12 is pushed backward by the wind blown obliquely upward, and falls almost at the center of the storage bag B behind the upper end of the chain conveyor 12, and the storage bag B is stored almost uniformly over the entire surface of B.
Immediately after being ejected from the upper end of the chain conveyor 12, it is blown up diagonally from below, and the hakama is moaned from below and further strongly sucked upward by the suction device 15, so that it is reliably separated from the cane trunk. .
The mounting structure of the suction device 15 to the casing is not different from that of the conventional example of FIG. 1, and an oil motor is provided outside the upper wall of the casing, and the fan shaft of the oil motor passes through the upper wall of the casing. The fan protrudes into the casing, and a fan is attached to a lower end of the fan shaft.
[0024]
Further, a suction duct 14 is attached to the upper end of the frame of the chain conveyor 12, and a suction device 15 is placed and fixed on the suction duct 14, and a discharge port thereof is opened rearward. However, the outlet can be opened to the left or right. Accordingly, the separated strips are sucked from the suction duct 14 by the suction device 15 and discharged backward, leftward, or rightward from the opening of the suction device.
In addition, a bag supporting portion 16 for mounting a storage bag B is provided behind the inclined duct 13a of the wind selection device 13 so that the trunk portion that falls from the upper end of the chain conveyor 12 and is separated from the chain conveyor 12 is stored in the storage bag B. It has become.
[0025]
By the way, as shown in FIG. 4, an outline of a partial planar shape of the vehicle body frame of this embodiment is such that a rear portion of a main frame F of the vehicle body projects right and left. The diesel engine of this right extended portion (sub-frame) F ₁ to 40 horsepower, Yes mounted toward the front-rear direction, the left projecting portion (sub-frame) capacity F ₂ 180 liters of oil The tank T is placed and fixed.
Although the working capacity of the above embodiment is about 50% of that of the conventional sugarcane harvester, the total length of the body frame is 560 cm, which is 50 cm shorter than that of the conventional sugarcane harvester. , The height of the working machine is 330 cm, which is 30 cm lower than the conventional one. In addition, the weight is 3.8t (ton), which is reduced by about 2t compared to the conventional sugarcane harvester, and the traveling crawler has a length of 160cm in the front-rear direction, which is smaller than the conventional sugarcane harvester. It is shortened by about 20 cm. As described above, compared to the rate of decrease in processing capacity, it is significantly smaller and lighter, has the same function as a large conventional sugarcane harvester, and is light and easy to turn. Sex is extremely high.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the sugarcane harvester of the present invention has its base cutter, pull-in device, chopping device, transport conveyor, and air separation device arranged in a tightly integrated longitudinal direction, greatly reducing the overall length of the equipment arrangement. Is done. As a result, the length of the crawler is reduced.
[0027]
In addition, as a result of simplifying the mechanism and miniaturizing it, the work efficiency is reduced, but the width of a series of devices by the drawing-in device, chopping device, and conveyor is narrowed accordingly. It is possible to arrange them vertically. And, as a result of arranging the oil tank beside the transport conveyor, the space behind the lower part of the cab where the oil tank was conventionally arranged is vacant, and from this vacant space, it is possible to maintain the drawing device, chopping device, etc. This has a remarkable effect that these maintenance inspections can be performed very easily.
[0028]
In addition, compared to the reduction rate of processing capacity, it is significantly smaller and lighter, has functions equivalent to that of a large conventional sugarcane harvester, and is light and easy to turn. Therefore, it is expected that the sugarcane cultivation farmer will be widely used as a private machine. As a result, the work load of small and medium-sized sugarcane cultivation farmers can be reduced, and it can greatly contribute to labor saving.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a conventional sugarcane harvester.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the sugarcane harvester of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a transfer chain conveyor and a wind selection suction device in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing a planar shape of a vehicle body frame, an arrangement of a retraction device, a chopping device, a transport chain conveyor, an engine, and an oil tank on the vehicle body frame in the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a cutter of the chopping device.
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of a chain conveyor with blades.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Crawler 2: Crop divider 3: Base cutter 10: Retracting device 10a: Feeding roller 11: Chopping device 11a: Cutter 12: J-type chain conveyor 13: Wind selector 13a: Inclined duct 13b: Blower fan 13e: Inclined duct Upper end 14: suction duct 15: suction device

Claims (3)

It has a crop divider, a base cutter, a retracting device, a conveying device for conveying diagonally upward, a chopping device, and a wind selecting device, wherein an oil pump is driven by an engine, and a traveling device and a working device are driven by an oil motor. , A self-propelled crawler cane harvester,
The above-mentioned retraction device is based on two pairs of feed rollers, and a chopping device is disposed behind the retraction device.
The transfer device is a J-type chain conveyor, the lower horizontal portion of which is disposed below the chopping device,
The air selection device is disposed in a space below the inclined portion of the J-type chain conveyor, and a duct of the air selection device is provided along a lower surface of the inclined portion of the J-type chain conveyor as an inclined duct, and is provided at a lower portion of the duct. A blower is arranged, and the upper end of the duct is located below the upper end of the J-type chain conveyor,
A sugarcane harvester in which the above-described engine is arranged on one side of the chain conveyor in the front-rear direction, and an oil tank is arranged on the other side. 2. The sugarcane harvester according to claim 1, wherein subframes are provided on the rear end of the main frame of the vehicle body so as to project right and left, and an engine and an oil tank are respectively mounted on these subframes. A suction device is provided above the upper end of the inclined duct of the wind separator, and an oil motor is provided outside an upper wall of a casing of the suction device, and a fan shaft of the oil motor penetrates an upper wall of the casing. The sugarcane harvester according to claim 1, wherein the fan protrudes into the casing and a fan is attached to a lower end of the fan shaft.

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