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JP2004360479A - Pump reverse rotation turbine type power generating apparatus - Google Patents

Pump reverse rotation turbine type power generating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004360479A
JP2004360479A JP2003156468A JP2003156468A JP2004360479A JP 2004360479 A JP2004360479 A JP 2004360479A JP 2003156468 A JP2003156468 A JP 2003156468A JP 2003156468 A JP2003156468 A JP 2003156468A JP 2004360479 A JP2004360479 A JP 2004360479A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
pump
pressure
flow rate
turbine
water
Prior art date
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JP2003156468A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tadashi Sasaki
忠司 佐々木
Kenji Kawakita
憲治 河北
Toshiyuki Sugamura
利行 菅村
Shigenori Yamano
茂典 山野
Shinpei Kato
眞平 加藤
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Torishima Pump Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Torishima Pump Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003156468A priority Critical patent/JP2004360479A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pump reverse rotation turbine type power generating apparatus capable of making constant pressure at the end thereof on a water supplied side. <P>SOLUTION: This pump reverse rotation turbine type power generating apparatus comprises an operation control part 15 calculating estimated end pressure P<SB>end</SB>as an estimated pressure at the end of a water supplied part 21 based on at least pressure P<SB>2</SB>detected by a pressure detector 30 and a flow Q detected by a flow detector 31 and controlling the rotational speed of a pump reverse rotation turbine 60 so that the estimated end pressure P<SB>end</SB>becomes constant. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、小規模水力発電に適したポンプ逆転水車型発電設備に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、汎用のポンプを発電機の駆動のためにポンプ逆転水車として使用する発電設備が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。また、特許文献2には、水道の送水管に発電用のポンプ逆転水車を介設し、このポンプ逆転水車の吐出側(二次側)の圧力が一定となるように、ポンプ逆転水車の回転数を制御する発電設備が記載されている。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
登録実用新案第2517878号(第1図)
【特許文献2】
特開2002−257026号公報(図3)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、特許文献2に記載のもののような二次圧一定制御では、被給水側の末端での圧力が必ずしも安定しない。例えば、水道施設の場合、二次側圧力を一定にしても、被給水側の末端である水道蛇口直前での圧力は、ポンプ逆転水車から被給水側の末端である水道蛇口の直前までの管路における損失により、一定とならない。
【0005】
そこで、本発明は、被給水側の末端での圧力を一定化することができる、ポンプ逆転水車型発電設備を提供することを課題としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、給水部と被給水部とを接続する管路に介設されたポンプ逆転水車と、前記ポンプ逆転水車の主軸にその回転軸が連結された発電機と、前記ポンプ逆転水車よりも被給水部側の前記管路に設けられた圧力検出手段と、前記ポンプ逆転水車よりも前記被給水部側の前記管路に設けられた流量検出手段と、少なくとも前記圧力検出手段により検出された圧力と、前記流量検出手段により検出された流量とに基づいて、前記被給水部末端の推定圧力である末端推定圧力を算出し、この末端推定圧力が一定となるように前記ポンプ逆転水車の回転数を制御する、制御手段とを備えるポンプ逆転水車型発電設備を提供する。
【0007】
本発明のポンプ逆転水車型発電設備では、制御手段は、被給水部末端の推定圧力である末端推定圧力を算出し、この末端推定圧力が一定となるように前記ポンプ逆転水車の回転数を制御する。従って、被給水側の末端での水圧の定圧化と余剰エネルギの有効利用の両方を実現することができる。また、汎用のポンプを流用したものであるポンプ逆転水車で発電機を駆動することに加え、ポンプ逆転水車とは別個に流量制御弁等のポンプ逆転水車よりも下流側の圧力を一定にするための手段を管路に設ける必要がない。従って、設備の構成が簡便でコストも低減することができる。
【0008】
具体的には、前記制御手段は、

Figure 2004360479
なる式に基づいて前記末端推定圧力を算出する。
【0009】
前記ポンプ逆転水車より前記給水部側の前記管路と、前記ポンプ逆転水車と前記流量検出手段及び前記圧力検出手段との間の前記管路とを接続する、バイパス管路と、前記ポンプ逆転水車よりも前記給水部側における前記管路と前記バイパス管路の接続部と、前記ポンプ逆転水車との間の前記管路に介設された、常開の仕切弁と、前記バイパス管路に介設された通常時は全閉の流量制御弁とをさらに備え、前記制御手段は、前記流量検出手段により検出された流量が予め定められた回転数制御可能な最小流量以下であれば、前記仕切弁を閉弁して前記ポンプ逆転水車を停止させ、かつ前記流量制御弁の開度を前記末端推定圧力が一定となるように制御し、前記流量検出手段により検出された流量が予め定められた回転数制御可能な最大流量以上であれば、前記ポンプ逆転水車の回転数を一定とし、前記仕切弁を開弁状態で維持し、かつ前記流量制御弁の開度を前記末端推定圧力が一定となるように制御することが好ましい。
【0010】
かかる構成により、より広い流量範囲で末端推定圧力を一定化することができる。すなわち、ポンプ逆転水車の回転数制御可能な最小流量以下及び最大流量以上の流量範囲では、バイパス管路に設けた流量制御弁の開度を制御することで末端推定圧力が一定に維持される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。
【0012】
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態にかかるポンプ逆転水車型発電設備を示している。このポンプ逆転水車型発電設備は、配水槽(給水部)20と、例えばその末端が水道蛇口である被給水部21とを接続する送水管(管路)25に設けられている。送水管25にはポンプ逆転水車60が介設されている。ポンプ逆転水車60よりも被給水部21側の送水管25には、ポンプ逆転水車60の吐出側の圧力(二次圧力P2)を検出するための圧力検出器30が設けられている。また、ポンプ逆転水車60よりも被給水部側21の送水管25には、流量検出器31が設けられている。
【0013】
このポンプ逆転水車型発電設備は、バイパス管路23を備えている。このバイパス管路23は、ポンプ逆転水車60より配水槽20側の送水管25と、ポンプ逆転水車60と流量検出器31び圧力検出器30との間の送水管25とを接続する。バイパス管路23には、通常時は全閉であって電気的に開度を調節可能な流量制御弁27が設けられている。
【0014】
ポンプ逆転水車60よりも配水槽20側では、送水管25とバイパス管路23の接続部とポンプ逆転水車60との間には、常開であって開閉を電気的に制御可能な第1の仕切弁28Aか゛設けられている。また、ポンプ逆転水車60よりも被給水部21側では、送水管25とバイパス管路23の接続部とポンプ逆転水車60との間に、常開であって手動の第2の仕切弁28Bが設けられている。
【0015】
本実施形態では、汎用の横軸軸流ポンプをポンプ逆転水車60として使用している。送水管25の一部を構成するアウターケーシング61内には、インナーケーシング62が配置されている。インナーケーシング62には先端にプロペラ63を備えるプロペラ軸64が支持されている。プロペラ軸64は、鉛直方向に延びる主軸66に傘歯歯車機構65を介して接続されている。アウターケーシング61上方には、発電機70が配置されている。
【0016】
発電機70の回転軸71は鉛直方向に延び、その下端がカップリング72を介してポンプ逆転水車60の主軸66に連結されている。また、発電機70は、回転軸71に固定された回転子73と、ケーシング74に固定された固定子75とを備えている。回転子73には磁界発生用の永久磁石(図示せず。)が取り付けられている。一方、固定子75には電力出力線80に電気的に接続された出力発生用の巻線(図示せず。)が巻回されている。
【0017】
上述のように本実施形態では、ポンプ逆転水車60として、横軸軸流ポンプを使用している。横軸軸流ポンプは比速度Nsが大きく、例えば遠心形の渦巻ポンプのように比速度Nsの小さいポンプと比較すると、流量及び回転数が同じ場合には揚程が小さくなる。
【0018】
図4は、高比速度のポンプ(例えば軸流ポンプや斜流ポンプ)及び低比速度のポンプ(例えば遠心形の渦巻ポンプ)をポンプ逆転水車として使用した場合の流量と有効落差の関係を示している。図4において、一点鎖線が高比速度のポンプを示し、実線が低比速度のポンプを示している。また、二点鎖線は無拘束の場合を示している。なお、図4においてR1,R2,R3,R4は回転数の例(R1<R2<R3<R4)を示している。図4の一点鎖線から明らかなように、高比速度のポンプである横軸軸流ポンプをポンプ逆転水車60として使用している本実施形態では、有効落差が一定であれば、回転数が上昇すると流量が増大し、回転数が低下すると流量が減少する。なお、図4の実線から明らかなように、ポンプ逆転水車60として低比速度のポンプを使用する場合、有効落差が一定であれば、回転数が低下すると流量が増大し、回転数が上昇すると流量が減少する。
【0019】
制御盤10は、電力出力線80から図示しない負荷側に供給される電力の周波数調整等を行うための電力回路11を備えている。
【0020】
また、制御盤10は、後に詳述するように圧力検出器30により検出された圧力と、流量検出器31により検出された流量とに基づいて、発電機70の回転数(発電機70に連結されたポンプ逆転水車60の回転数に比例する。)を制御する、運転制御部(制御手段)15を備えている。運転制御部15が発電機70の回転数を制御する方法には、発電機70の形式等により種々の態様があるが、本実施形態では固定子75が備える出力発生用の巻線に供給する電流の周波数fを調節することで、回転数を制御している。永久磁石に代えて磁界発生用の巻線を回転子73に設ける場合には、この巻線に供給する電流の周波数fを調節することで、回転数を制御している。運転制御部15は、仕切弁28Aの開閉及び流量制御弁27の開度の制御も行う。
【0021】
さらに、制御盤10は、発電機70の回転数制御の基準となる末端推定圧力の設定値Psetを記憶する記憶部16を備えている。末端推定圧力は、単なるポンプ逆転水車60の吐出口側(二次側)の圧力ではなく、ポンプ逆転水車60から被給水部21の末端(例えば水道蛇口)の直前に至るまでの送水管25を含む管路の損失による圧力降下を考慮した推定圧力である。末端推定圧力は、例えば下記の式(1)で表される。
【0022】
Figure 2004360479
記憶部16に記憶されている設定値Psetは発電機70の回転数制御の目標となる末端推定圧力である。
【0023】
また、記憶部16は、後述する発電機70(ポンプ逆転水車60)の回転数制御が可能な最大流量Qmax及び最小流量Qminを記憶している。
【0024】
この発電設備では、汎用の横軸軸流ポンプを発電機駆動用のポンプ逆転水車60として使用している。また、送水管25にはポンプ逆転水車60とは別個に流量制御弁等の圧力を調節するための手段を必要がない。これらの点で構成が簡便で、低コストで製造することができる。
【0025】
次に、このポンプ逆転水車型発電設備の動作を説明する。まず、流量検出器31の検出流量Qが運転制御部15に入力される。図2を参照すると、運転制御部15は、検出流量Qと最大流量Qmax及び最小流量Qminを比較する(ステップS2−1)。最大流量Qmaxは流量がそれ以上となると発電機70の回転数制御が不可能となる流量である。また、最小流量Qminは流量がそれ以下となるとポンプ逆転水車60のプロペラ軸64を回転させるのには動力が必要となる流量(ポンプとしての運転が必要となる流量)である。
【0026】
ステップS2−1において、検出流量Qが最小流量Qminよりも大きく、最大流量Qmax未満である場合には、発電機70(ポンプ逆転水車60)の回転数制御を行う(ステップS2−2)。
【0027】
ステップS2−2の処理の詳細について図3を参照すると、まず、運転制御部15は圧力検出器30の検出圧力Pと、流量検出器31の検出流量Qとから、前述の式(1)に基づいて、末端推定圧力Pendを算出する(ステップS3−1)。次に、この算出した末端推定圧力Pendを記憶部16に記憶されたPsetと比較する(ステップS3−2)。
【0028】
ステップS3−2において、末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Pset未満であれば、運転制御部15は発電機70(ポンプ逆転水車60)の回転数を上昇させる(ステップS3−3)。その結果、送水管25を通って被給水部21に供給される水の流量が増加し(ステップS3−4)、末端圧力(二次側圧力)が増加する。
【0029】
一方、ステップS3−2において、末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Pset以上であれば、運転制御部15は発電機70(ポンプ逆転水車60)の回転数を低下させる(ステップS3−6)。その結果、送水管25を通って被給水部21に供給される水の流量が減少し(ステップS3−7)、末端圧力(二次側圧力)が低下する(ステップS3−8)。
【0030】
このように運転制御部15は、被給水部21の末端の推定圧力である末端推定圧力Pendを算出し、この末端推定圧力Pendが一定となるように発電機70(ポンプ逆転水車60)の回転数を制御する。従って、被給水21側の末端での水圧の定圧化と余剰エネルギの有効利用の両方を実現することができる。
【0031】
なお、ポンプ逆転水車60が低比速度のポンプを使用するものである場合、
末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Pset未満であれば、発電機70(ポンプ逆転水車60)の回転数を低下させ、末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Pset以上であれば、発電機70の回転数を上昇させればよい。
【0032】
図2のステップS2−1において検出流量Qが記憶部16に記憶された最小流量Qmin以下であれば、ステップS2−3において運転制御部15は仕切弁28Aを閉弁する一方、流量制御弁27を開弁し、末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Psetに近付くように、流量制御弁27の開度を調節する(ステップS2−3)。具体的には、上記式(1)に基づいて算出した末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Psetより高ければ流量制御弁27の開度を小さくする。逆に、末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Psetより低ければ流量制御弁27の開度を大きくする。
【0033】
一方、図2のステップS2−1において検出流量Qが記憶部16に記憶された最大流量Qmax以上であれば、ステップS2−4において運転制御部15は発電機70の回転数制御を停止して、回転数を一定とする。また、仕切弁28A,28Bを開弁状態で維持する一方、流量制御弁27を開弁し、末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Psetに近付くように、流量制御弁27の開度を調節する。具体的には、上記式(1)に基づいて算出した末端推定圧力Pendが設定値Psetより高ければ流量制御弁27の開度を小さくする。逆に、末端推定圧力Pen が設定値Psetより低ければ流量制御弁27の開度を大きくする。
【0034】
このように発電機70の回転数制御が不可能となる流量範囲では、バイパス管路23に設けた流量制御弁27の開度を調節することで、より広い流量範囲で末端推定圧力を一定化することができる。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明のポンプ逆転水車型発電設備では、末端推定圧力が一定となるように、制御手段がポンプ逆転水車の回転数を制御するので、簡便かつ低コストの構成で、被給水側の定圧化と余剰エネルギの有効利用の両方を実現することができる。また、バイパス管路、仕切弁、流量制御弁をさらに設けることで、より広範な流量範囲で被給水側の定圧化を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態にかかるポンプ逆転水車型発電装置を示す、概略構成図である。
【図2】本発明の実施形態にかかるポンプ逆転水車型発電装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。
【図3】図2のステップS2−2の動作の詳細を説明するためのフローチャートである。
【図4】ポンプ逆転水車の流量と有効落差の関係を示す線図である。
【符号の説明】
10 制御盤
11 電力回路
12 周波数検出器
15 運転制御部
16 記憶部
20 配水槽
21 被給水部
23 バイパス流路
25 送水管
30 圧力検出器
31 流量検出器
60 ポンプ逆転水車
61 アウターケーシング
62 インナーケーシング
63 プロペラ
64 プロペラ軸
65 傘歯歯車機構
66 主軸
70 発電機
71 回転軸
72 カップリング
73 回転子
74 ケーシング
75 固定子
80 電力出力線[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a pump reverse turbine type power generation facility suitable for small-scale hydropower generation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, there is known a power generation facility that uses a general-purpose pump as a pump reversing water turbine for driving a generator (for example, see Patent Document 1). Further, in Patent Document 2, a pump reversing turbine for power generation is provided in a water supply pipe of a water supply, and the rotation of the pump reversing turbine is controlled so that the pressure on the discharge side (secondary side) of the pump reversing turbine becomes constant. A power plant for controlling the number is described.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Registered Utility Model No. 2517878 (Fig. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-257026 (FIG. 3)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the secondary pressure constant control as described in Patent Document 2, the pressure at the end on the water supply side is not always stable. For example, in the case of a water supply facility, even if the secondary pressure is constant, the pressure immediately before the water tap at the end of the water supply side is the pipe from the pump reversing turbine to the water supply tap just before the water supply end. Due to losses in the road, it will not be constant.
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a pump-reversed water turbine type power generation facility capable of stabilizing the pressure at the end on the water supply side.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a pump reversing water turbine interposed in a pipe connecting a water supply unit and a water supply unit, a generator having a rotary shaft connected to a main shaft of the pump reversing water turbine, and a pump reversing water turbine. Pressure detection means provided in the pipe line on the water supply part side, flow rate detection means provided in the pipe line on the water supply part side of the pump reversing water turbine, and at least the pressure detection means detected the pressure. Based on the pressure and the flow rate detected by the flow rate detecting means, a terminal estimated pressure, which is an estimated pressure at the end of the water-supplied portion, is calculated, and the rotation of the pump reverse turbine is controlled so that the terminal estimated pressure is constant. And a control means for controlling the number of pumps.
[0007]
In the pump reverse turbine type power generation equipment of the present invention, the control means calculates a terminal estimated pressure, which is an estimated pressure at a terminal of the water supply section, and controls a rotation speed of the pump reverse turbine so that the terminal estimated pressure is constant. I do. Therefore, it is possible to realize both the constant pressure of the water pressure at the end of the water supply side and the effective use of the surplus energy. In addition, in addition to driving the generator with a pump reversing turbine that is a diversion of a general-purpose pump, separately from the pump reversing turbine, the pressure on the downstream side of the pump reversing turbine such as a flow control valve is kept constant. It is not necessary to provide the means in the pipeline. Therefore, the equipment configuration is simple and the cost can be reduced.
[0008]
Specifically, the control means includes:
Figure 2004360479
The estimated terminal pressure is calculated based on the following equation.
[0009]
A bypass pipeline connecting the pipeline on the water supply side of the pump reverse turbine and the pipeline between the pump reverse turbine and the flow rate detection unit and the pressure detection unit, and the pump reverse turbine; A normally open gate valve interposed between the connection between the pipe and the bypass pipe on the water supply unit side and the pipe between the pump reversing turbine and the bypass pipe. A flow control valve which is normally closed when provided, and wherein the control means is provided with the partition if the flow rate detected by the flow rate detection means is equal to or less than a predetermined minimum flow rate at which the number of rotations can be controlled. The valve is closed to stop the pump reversing turbine, and the opening degree of the flow control valve is controlled so that the estimated terminal pressure is constant, and the flow rate detected by the flow rate detecting means is predetermined. Less than the maximum flow rate that can control the rotation speed If so, it is preferable that the rotation speed of the pump reversing turbine is kept constant, the gate valve is maintained in the open state, and the opening of the flow control valve is controlled so that the estimated terminal pressure is constant. .
[0010]
With this configuration, the estimated terminal pressure can be made constant over a wider flow rate range. That is, in the flow rate range below the minimum flow rate and the maximum flow rate that can control the rotation speed of the pump reversing turbine, the estimated terminal pressure is maintained constant by controlling the opening of the flow control valve provided in the bypass pipe.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows a pump reversing water turbine type power generation equipment according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This pump reverse water wheel type power generation equipment is provided in a water supply pipe (pipe) 25 that connects a water distribution tank (water supply section) 20 and a water supply section 21 whose end is a water tap, for example. A pump reverse water wheel 60 is interposed in the water supply pipe 25. A pressure detector 30 for detecting the pressure (secondary pressure P <b> 2) on the discharge side of the pump reverse water wheel 60 is provided in the water supply pipe 25 on the water supply section 21 side of the pump reverse water wheel 60. Further, a flow rate detector 31 is provided in the water supply pipe 25 on the water supply part side 21 with respect to the pump reverse water wheel 60.
[0013]
The pump reversing turbine type power generation equipment includes a bypass pipe 23. The bypass pipe line 23 connects the water pipe 25 on the water distribution tank 20 side with respect to the pump reverse water wheel 60, and the water pipe 25 between the pump reverse water wheel 60, the flow detector 31 and the pressure detector 30. The bypass pipe 23 is provided with a flow control valve 27 which is fully closed at normal times and whose electric opening can be adjusted electrically.
[0014]
On the water distribution tank 20 side of the pump reversing water wheel 60, a first normally open and electrically controllable opening and closing is provided between the connection portion of the water pipe 25 and the bypass line 23 and the pump reversing water wheel 60. A gate valve 28A is provided. On the water supply section 21 side with respect to the pump reversing water wheel 60, a normally open and manually operated second gate valve 28 </ b> B is provided between the connection part of the water pipe 25 and the bypass line 23 and the pump reversing water wheel 60. Is provided.
[0015]
In this embodiment, a general-purpose horizontal axis axial flow pump is used as the pump reversing water turbine 60. An inner casing 62 is disposed in an outer casing 61 that forms a part of the water pipe 25. A propeller shaft 64 having a propeller 63 at the tip is supported by the inner casing 62. The propeller shaft 64 is connected to a main shaft 66 extending in the vertical direction via a bevel gear mechanism 65. A generator 70 is arranged above the outer casing 61.
[0016]
A rotating shaft 71 of the generator 70 extends in the vertical direction, and a lower end thereof is connected to a main shaft 66 of the pump reverse rotation turbine 60 via a coupling 72. The generator 70 includes a rotor 73 fixed to the rotating shaft 71 and a stator 75 fixed to the casing 74. A permanent magnet (not shown) for generating a magnetic field is attached to the rotor 73. On the other hand, a winding (not shown) for generating an output electrically connected to the power output line 80 is wound around the stator 75.
[0017]
As described above, in the present embodiment, a horizontal axial pump is used as the pump reversing water turbine 60. The horizontal axis pump has a large specific speed Ns. For example, as compared with a pump having a small specific speed Ns such as a centrifugal type centrifugal pump, the head becomes small when the flow rate and the rotation speed are the same.
[0018]
FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the flow rate and the effective head when a high specific speed pump (for example, an axial flow pump or a mixed flow pump) and a low specific speed pump (for example, a centrifugal centrifugal pump) are used as pump reversing turbines. ing. In FIG. 4, a chain line indicates a pump having a high specific speed, and a solid line indicates a pump having a low specific speed. In addition, the two-dot chain line shows a case where there is no constraint. In FIG. 4, R1, R2, R3, and R4 show examples of the rotation speed (R1 <R2 <R3 <R4). As is apparent from the dashed line in FIG. 4, in the present embodiment in which the horizontal axial pump, which is a high specific speed pump, is used as the pump reversing water turbine 60, if the effective head is constant, the rotation speed increases. Then, the flow rate increases, and as the rotational speed decreases, the flow rate decreases. As is clear from the solid line in FIG. 4, when a low specific speed pump is used as the pump reversing turbine 60, if the effective head is constant, the flow rate increases when the rotation speed decreases, and when the rotation speed increases, the rotation speed decreases. The flow decreases.
[0019]
The control panel 10 includes a power circuit 11 for adjusting the frequency of power supplied from the power output line 80 to a load (not shown).
[0020]
Further, the control panel 10 controls the rotation speed of the generator 70 (connected to the generator 70) based on the pressure detected by the pressure detector 30 and the flow rate detected by the flow rate detector 31 as described in detail later. (In proportion to the rotation speed of the pump reversing water turbine 60). There are various modes in which the operation control unit 15 controls the number of rotations of the generator 70 depending on the type of the generator 70 and the like. In the present embodiment, the operation is supplied to the output generating winding of the stator 75. The number of rotations is controlled by adjusting the frequency f of the current. In the case where a winding for generating a magnetic field is provided in the rotor 73 instead of the permanent magnet, the frequency is controlled by adjusting the frequency f of the current supplied to the winding. The operation control unit 15 also controls the opening and closing of the gate valve 28A and the opening degree of the flow control valve 27.
[0021]
Further, the control panel 10 includes a storage unit 16 that stores a set value P set of the estimated terminal pressure, which is a reference for controlling the rotation speed of the generator 70. The terminal estimated pressure is not a simple pressure on the discharge port side (secondary side) of the pump reversing water wheel 60 but a water supply pipe 25 from the pump reversing water wheel 60 to just before the end of the water supply section 21 (for example, a water tap). This is the estimated pressure in consideration of the pressure drop due to the loss of the pipeline including the pressure. The terminal end estimated pressure is represented by, for example, the following equation (1).
[0022]
Figure 2004360479
The set value P set stored in the storage unit 16 is a terminal estimated pressure that is a target of the rotation speed control of the generator 70.
[0023]
Further, the storage unit 16 stores a maximum flow rate Qmax and a minimum flow rate Qmin at which the rotation speed of the generator 70 (the pump reversing water turbine 60) described later can be controlled.
[0024]
In this power generation facility, a general-purpose horizontal axis axial flow pump is used as a pump reversing water turbine 60 for driving a generator. Further, the water supply pipe 25 does not need a means for adjusting the pressure such as a flow control valve separately from the pump reversing water wheel 60. In these respects, the configuration is simple and it can be manufactured at low cost.
[0025]
Next, the operation of this pump reverse water turbine type power generation facility will be described. First, the flow rate Q detected by the flow rate detector 31 is input to the operation control unit 15. Referring to FIG. 2, the operation control unit 15 compares the detected flow rate Q with the maximum flow rate Qmax and the minimum flow rate Qmin (Step S2-1). The maximum flow rate Qmax is a flow rate at which the rotation speed control of the generator 70 becomes impossible if the flow rate becomes higher. Further, the minimum flow rate Qmin is a flow rate that requires power to rotate the propeller shaft 64 of the pump reverse rotation turbine 60 when the flow rate is lower than that (flow rate that requires operation as a pump).
[0026]
When the detected flow rate Q is larger than the minimum flow rate Qmin and smaller than the maximum flow rate Qmax in step S2-1, the rotation speed of the generator 70 (the pump reverse turbine 60) is controlled (step S2-2).
[0027]
When details of the process in step S2-2 Referring to FIG. 3, first, the operation control unit 15 and the detected pressure P 2 of the pressure detector 30, and a detected flow Q of the flow rate detector 31, the above-mentioned formula (1) based on the calculated terminal estimated pressure P end the (step S3-1). Next, the calculated end estimated pressure P end is compared with P set stored in the storage unit 16 (step S3-2).
[0028]
If the estimated terminal pressure P end is less than the set value P set in step S3-2, the operation control unit 15 increases the rotation speed of the generator 70 (the pump reverse water turbine 60) (step S3-3). As a result, the flow rate of water supplied to the water supply part 21 through the water supply pipe 25 increases (step S3-4), and the terminal pressure (secondary pressure) increases.
[0029]
On the other hand, in step S3-2, if the estimated terminal pressure P end is equal to or larger than the set value P set , the operation control unit 15 reduces the rotation speed of the generator 70 (the pump reverse water turbine 60) (step S3-6). As a result, the flow rate of water supplied to the water supply section 21 through the water pipe 25 decreases (step S3-7), and the terminal pressure (secondary pressure) decreases (step S3-8).
[0030]
As described above, the operation control unit 15 calculates the terminal estimated pressure P end which is the estimated pressure at the terminal of the water supply unit 21, and sets the generator 70 (the pump reversing turbine 60) so that the terminal estimated pressure P end is constant. To control the number of revolutions. Therefore, it is possible to realize both the constant pressure of the water pressure at the end on the side of the water supply 21 and the effective use of the surplus energy.
[0031]
When the pump reverse turbine 60 uses a low specific speed pump,
If the estimated terminal pressure P end is less than the set value P set , the rotation speed of the generator 70 (the pump reversing water turbine 60) is reduced. If the estimated terminal pressure P end is equal to or greater than the set value P set , the generator 70 What is necessary is just to raise rotation speed.
[0032]
If the detected flow rate Q is equal to or less than the minimum flow rate Qmin stored in the storage unit 16 in step S2-1 in FIG. 2, the operation control unit 15 closes the gate valve 28A and the flow control valve 27 in step S2-3. Is opened, and the opening of the flow control valve 27 is adjusted so that the estimated terminal pressure P end approaches the set value P set (step S2-3). Specifically, if the estimated terminal pressure P end calculated based on the above equation (1) is higher than the set value P set , the opening of the flow control valve 27 is reduced. Conversely, if the end estimated pressure P end is lower than the set value P set , the opening of the flow control valve 27 is increased.
[0033]
On the other hand, if the detected flow rate Q is equal to or more than the maximum flow rate Qmax stored in the storage unit 16 in step S2-1 of FIG. 2, the operation control unit 15 stops the rotation speed control of the generator 70 in step S2-4. , And the rotation speed is fixed. In addition, while maintaining the gate valves 28A and 28B in the open state, the flow control valve 27 is opened, and the opening of the flow control valve 27 is adjusted so that the estimated terminal pressure P end approaches the set value P set. . Specifically, if the estimated terminal pressure P end calculated based on the above equation (1) is higher than the set value P set , the opening of the flow control valve 27 is reduced. Conversely, terminal estimated pressure P en d to increase the low if the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 27 than the set value P The set.
[0034]
Thus, in the flow rate range where the rotation speed control of the generator 70 is not possible, by adjusting the opening of the flow rate control valve 27 provided in the bypass line 23, the estimated terminal pressure is made constant over a wider flow rate range. can do.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, in the pump reversing turbine type power generation equipment of the present invention, the control means controls the rotation speed of the pump reversing turbine so that the terminal estimated pressure is constant, so that a simple and low-cost configuration is achieved. Thus, both the constant pressure on the water supply side and the effective use of surplus energy can be realized. In addition, by further providing a bypass pipe, a gate valve, and a flow control valve, it is possible to achieve constant pressure on the water supply side in a wider flow rate range.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a pump reversing turbine type power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the pump reversing turbine type power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating details of an operation of step S2-2 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate of the pump reversing turbine and the effective head.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 control panel 11 power circuit 12 frequency detector 15 operation control unit 16 storage unit 20 water distribution tank 21 water supply unit 23 bypass flow path 25 water pipe 30 pressure detector 31 flow rate detector 60 pump reversing water wheel 61 outer casing 62 inner casing 63 Propeller 64 Propeller shaft 65 Bevel gear mechanism 66 Main shaft 70 Generator 71 Rotary shaft 72 Coupling 73 Rotor 74 Casing 75 Stator 80 Power output line

Claims (3)

給水部と被給水部とを接続する管路に介設されたポンプ逆転水車と、
前記ポンプ逆転水車の主軸にその回転軸が連結された発電機と、
前記ポンプ逆転水車よりも前記被給水部側の前記管路に設けられた圧力検出手段と、
前記ポンプ逆転水車よりも前記被給水部側の前記管路に設けられた流量検出手段と、
少なくとも前記圧力検出手段により検出された圧力と、前記流量検出手段により検出された流量とに基づいて、前記被給水部末端の推定圧力である末端推定圧力を算出し、この末端推定圧力が一定となるように前記ポンプ逆転水車の回転数を制御する、制御手段と
を備えるポンプ逆転水車型発電設備。
A pump reversing water turbine interposed in a pipeline connecting the water supply part and the water supply part,
A generator whose rotary shaft is connected to the main shaft of the pump reversing turbine,
Pressure detection means provided in the pipe line on the side of the water supply part than the pump reverse water turbine,
Flow rate detection means provided in the pipe line on the side of the water supply part than the pump reverse water turbine,
Based on at least the pressure detected by the pressure detection means and the flow rate detected by the flow rate detection means, calculate a terminal estimated pressure that is an estimated pressure at the end of the water-supplied portion, and assume that the terminal estimated pressure is constant. And a control means for controlling the number of revolutions of the pump reversing water turbine so as to achieve the above configuration.
前記制御手段は、
Figure 2004360479
なる式に基づいて前記末端推定圧力を算出する、請求項1に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電設備。
The control means,
Figure 2004360479
The pump-reverse-turbine-type power generation equipment according to claim 1, wherein the terminal estimated pressure is calculated based on the following equation:
前記ポンプ逆転水車より前記給水部側の前記管路と、前記ポンプ逆転水車と前記流量検出手段及び前記圧力検出手段との間の前記管路とを接続する、バイパス管路と、
前記ポンプ逆転水車よりも前記給水部側における前記管路と前記バイパス管路の接続部と、前記ポンプ逆転水車との間の前記管路に介設された、常開の仕切弁と、
前記バイパス管路に介設された通常時は全閉の流量制御弁と
をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記流量検出手段により検出された流量が予め定められた回転数制御可能な最小流量以下であれば、前記仕切弁を閉弁して前記ポンプ逆転水車を停止させ、かつ前記流量制御弁の開度を前記末端推定圧力が一定となるように制御し、
前記流量検出手段により検出された流量が予め定められた回転数制御可能な最大流量以上であれば、前記ポンプ逆転水車の回転数を一定とし、前記仕切弁を開弁状態で維持し、かつ前記流量制御弁の開度を前記末端推定圧力が一定となるように制御する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のポンプ逆転水車型発電設備。
A bypass pipeline connecting the pipeline between the pump reversing turbine and the water supply unit side, and connecting the pipeline between the pump reversing turbine and the flow rate detection unit and the pressure detection unit;
A connection portion between the pipeline and the bypass pipeline closer to the water supply unit than the pump reversing turbine, and a normally-open gate valve provided in the pipeline between the pump reversing turbine,
Normally further provided with a flow control valve that is fully closed when provided in the bypass line,
The control means,
If the flow rate detected by the flow rate detection means is equal to or less than a predetermined minimum flow rate that can be controlled, the gate valve is closed to stop the pump reversing turbine, and the opening of the flow control valve Is controlled such that the estimated terminal pressure is constant,
If the flow rate detected by the flow rate detection means is equal to or greater than a predetermined maximum flow rate that can be controlled, the rotation speed of the pump reverse turbine is kept constant, the gate valve is maintained in an open state, and the The pump reverse turbine type power generation equipment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the opening degree of the flow control valve is controlled such that the estimated terminal pressure is constant.
JP2003156468A 2003-06-02 2003-06-02 Pump reverse rotation turbine type power generating apparatus Pending JP2004360479A (en)

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JP2007002735A (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-11 Ebara Corp Piping line
JP2009108756A (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-21 Ebara Corp Hydraulic compressor equipment and operation method thereof
KR101245450B1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2013-03-19 박종흠 Electricity generation and decompression device in plumbing
KR101609821B1 (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-04-06 경남과학기술대학교 산학협력단 Water pipe installation type small hydroelectric power generator
JP2018071100A (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-10 株式会社中山鉄工所 Hydroelectric power generation system, hydroelectric power generation method, and hydroelectric power generation program
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2007002735A (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-11 Ebara Corp Piping line
JP2009108756A (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-21 Ebara Corp Hydraulic compressor equipment and operation method thereof
KR101245450B1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2013-03-19 박종흠 Electricity generation and decompression device in plumbing
WO2013172555A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-21 Park Jong Hum Generator-type pressure relief device for water supply and drainage pipes
US9587508B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2017-03-07 Jong Hum Park Generator-type pressure relief device for water supply and drainage pipes
KR101609821B1 (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-04-06 경남과학기술대학교 산학협력단 Water pipe installation type small hydroelectric power generator
JP2018071100A (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-10 株式会社中山鉄工所 Hydroelectric power generation system, hydroelectric power generation method, and hydroelectric power generation program
WO2018135661A1 (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-26 ダイキン工業株式会社 Hydroelectric power generation system
JP2018119547A (en) * 2017-01-23 2018-08-02 ダイキン工業株式会社 Hydraulic power generating system
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US11313343B2 (en) 2017-01-23 2022-04-26 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Hydroelectric power generation system
CN113424434A (en) * 2019-03-28 2021-09-21 大金工业株式会社 Hydroelectric power generation system
EP3920407A4 (en) * 2019-03-28 2022-11-02 Daikin Industries, Ltd. HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
US11703028B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2023-07-18 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Hydroelectric power generation system
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