JP2004226080A - Pavement permeability evaluation method, permeability testing apparatus, and permeability testing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To evaluate a permeability in a state adapted to use in an actual pavement body. <P>SOLUTION: An upper surface and a bottom surface of a tank 11 are opened. The tank 11 is installed on a road surface via a rubber ring 13 and oil clay 15. Water is fed into the tank 11 from a tank 20 by a pump 30. The tank 11 is provided with a potentiometer 12 for detecting a water level. A signal from the potentiometer 12 is outputted to a controller 40. The controller 40 controls the amount of water feeding of the pump 30 by outputting a pump capacity control signal in such a way that the water level in the tank 11 may become at a prescribed water level H0. By visually observing a scale 20a of the tank 20 and detecting the amount of water reduction in the tank 20 in a prescribed time, the permeability of pavement is evaluated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pavement permeability evaluation method, a permeability evaluation apparatus, and a permeability evaluation tester for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement having a water permeability function such as a drainage pavement or a water-permeable pavement on an existing road.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a water permeability evaluation method for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement having a water permeability function on an existing road has been known (for example, see Patent Document 1). According to this, first, a base portion is installed on a road surface via an oil viscosity, a substantially cylindrical water tank is installed above the base portion, and the base portion and the water tank are communicated via a pipe having a cock valve. I do. Then, after filling the water in the water tank with the cock valve closed, the cock valve is opened and the time during which a predetermined amount of water flows into the pavement is measured, and the water permeability is evaluated based on the magnitude of this time. .
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3200570 [0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described evaluation method, when the water tank is filled with water, the water surface is located about several hundred mm above the road surface, and the water head pressure is extremely high. When the test is started in such a state and the water in the water tank is allowed to flow into the pavement, the water level in the water tank is high immediately after the start of the test, so that extremely high water pressure acts on the road surface, and the water level increases over time. As the water pressure decreases, the water pressure decreases. As a result, the water permeability was evaluated in a state considerably different from the actual use state of the paved road, and the water permeability of the paved road was not reproduced well.
[0005]
The present invention provides a method for evaluating the permeability of a pavement, a device for evaluating the permeability, and a tester for testing the permeability of a pavement, which can evaluate the permeability in a state suitable for the actual use of the pavement.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement according to the present invention comprises installing a water tank having a bottom surface opened toward the road surface on the road surface of the water-permeable pavement, and a lower end of the water tank so that water does not leak from the lower end of the water tank to the surroundings. A first procedure for sealing the contact surface between the water tank and the road surface, a second procedure for controlling the amount of water supplied to the water tank so as to keep the inside of the water tank at a predetermined water level, and a third procedure for measuring the controlled water supply amount And evaluating the water permeability of the pavement.
Further, the method for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement according to the present invention is characterized in that a bottom is opened toward a road surface and a water tank having an opening for drainage at a height corresponding to the predetermined water level so as not to exceed a predetermined water level. A first procedure for installing on the pavement of the pavement and sealing the contact surface between the lower end of the water tank and the road surface so that water does not leak from the lower end of the water tank to the surroundings, and the water level in the water tank to a predetermined water level It is characterized in that the water permeability of the pavement is evaluated by the second procedure of supplying water so as to be drained from the opening while maintaining the same, and the third procedure of measuring the difference between the amount of water supplied to the water tank and the amount of drainage from the opening. And
The pavement permeability evaluation device according to the present invention is a water tank having a bottom surface opened toward the road surface, a sealing member for sealing a contact surface between the lower end portion of the water tank and the road surface of the water-permeable pavement, and a water supply amount can be changed. Water supply means, water level detection means for detecting the water level in the water tank, water supply control means for controlling the amount of water supplied to the water tank by the water supply means such that the water level detected by the water level detection means is a predetermined water level, and water supply means And a gauge part capable of visually observing the amount of water supply.
Further, the apparatus for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement according to the present invention includes a water supply amount detection means for detecting a water supply amount of the water supply means.
The water permeability evaluation device for pavement according to the present invention has a water tank having an opening for drainage at a height corresponding to the predetermined water level so that the bottom surface is opened toward the road surface and does not exceed a predetermined water level, A sealing member for sealing the contact surface between the lower end and the road surface of the permeable pavement, a water supply means for supplying water so as to be drained from the opening while maintaining the water level in the water tank at a predetermined level, and a drainage means for draining from the opening. It is characterized by comprising a water storage section for storing water, and a gauge section capable of visually observing the difference between the amount of water supplied by the water supply means and the amount of drainage stored in the water storage section.
Further, the apparatus for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement according to the present invention includes a water amount difference detecting means for detecting a difference between a water supply amount by a water supply means and a drainage amount stored in a water storage section.
The pavement permeability evaluation tester according to the present invention has a permeation opening having a bottom surface opened to the road surface, and a water supply amount is adjusted according to the permeation amount from the opening so that the water level becomes a predetermined water level. And a water level detector for detecting a predetermined water level.
Further, the pavement permeability evaluation tester according to the present invention has a water-permeable opening having a bottom surface opened to the road surface and a drainage opening provided at a predetermined height. It has a water tank that is drained and is supplied with water so that a water level matches a predetermined height, and a water storage section that stores drainage from an opening.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
-1st Embodiment-
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pavement permeability evaluation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The water permeability evaluation device according to the first embodiment includes a tester 10 for evaluating water permeability, a tank 20 in which water is stored, a pump 30 for supplying water from the tank 20 to the tester 10, and a drive of the pump 30. And a controller 40 for controlling the
[0008]
The testing machine 10 includes a substantially cylindrical water tank 11 having an open top and bottom, and a potentiometer 12 for detecting a water level in the water tank 11. The water tank 11 is installed on the road surface of the permeable pavement via a ring-shaped rubber ring 13. The water tank 11 is provided with a level 14 for measuring an inclined state with respect to a road surface. The rubber ring 13 is an elastic material having a predetermined height. The rubber ring 13 is interposed in a concave portion 11 a provided on the lower end surface of the water tank 11 and regulates the position of the water tank 11 with respect to the rubber ring 13 and the height from the road surface. An oil viscosity 15 is interposed between the lower end surface of the water tank 11 on the outer peripheral side of the rubber ring 13 and the road surface, and the oil viscosity 15 seals a contact surface between the water tank 11 and the road surface. That is, water in the water tank 11 is prevented from leaking outward in the circumferential direction through the lower end surface of the water tank 11.
[0009]
The potentiometer 12 is attached to the inner wall of the water tank 11, and detects the position of the float 12a attached to the tip of a vertically movable shaft, that is, the water level H in the water tank 11. This detection signal is amplified by the amplifier 41 and input to the controller 40. A signal from the setting device 43 is also input to the controller 40. The target water level H0 in the water tank 10 is set in the setter 43 in advance. The target water level H0 is set to about several tens mm, assuming the actual flood condition of the road surface.
[0010]
A scale 20a indicating the amount of water in the tank is provided on the wall surface of the tank 20, and a predetermined amount of water is stored in the tank 20 in an initial state. When the pump 30 is driven, the water in the tank 20 is supplied from the opening 11b into the water tank 11 through the conduits 31 and 32, and the amount of water in the tank 20 is reduced accordingly. The pump 30 is a variable displacement pump, and a pump capacity, that is, a water supply amount is controlled by a signal from the controller 40. Reference numeral 42 denotes a power supply for supplying power to the amplifier 41, the controller 14, and the pump 30.
[0011]
The controller 40 performs feedback control based on the detection signal of the potentiometer 12 and the target signal of the setting device 43, outputs a control signal corresponding to a deviation between the detection signal and the target signal to the pump 30, and controls the pump displacement. Thereby, the water level in the water tank 11 is controlled to the target water level H0.
[0012]
The water permeability evaluation test according to the first embodiment is performed in the following procedure.
First, the rubber ring 13 is placed on the road surface on which the water permeability evaluation test is performed, and the oil viscosity 15 is arranged outside the rubber ring 13. Next, the water tank 11 is installed above the rubber ring 13 and the oil viscosity 15. At this time, the water tank 11 is pushed down while crushing the oil clay 15 until the lower end surface of the concave portion 11 a of the water tank 11 contacts the upper surface of the rubber ring 13, and the water tank 11 is set in a horizontal state while looking at the level 14. Next, the float 12a is brought into contact with the ground, and the zero point of the potentiometer 12 is adjusted. Since the height of the water tank 11 is defined by the rubber ring 13, the height of the potentiometer 12 from the road surface is constant, and the zero point adjustment does not need to be performed.
Next, a predetermined amount of water is stored in a tank 20 arranged near the water tank 11.
[0013]
In this state, the pump 30 is driven to supply water in the tank 20 into the water tank 11. Immediately after the pump is driven, the water level in the water tank 11 is 0, so that the pump capacity is maximized by the feedback control described above. As a result, the maximum amount of water is supplied into the water tank 11, and the water level H in the water tank 11 gradually rises. At this time, part of the water in the water tank 11 permeates into the pavement through the opening 11c at the lower end. When the water level H reaches the target water level H0, the controller 40 maintains the water level H at the target water level H0 while adjusting the pump capacity. It takes a predetermined time (for example, about several tens of seconds) from the start of pump driving until the water level H stabilizes at the target water level H0, and waits until the predetermined time has elapsed.
[0014]
Next, a predetermined test time t (for example, 10 seconds) is measured while visually checking the scale 20a of the tank 20. Thus, the amount of water reduction in the tank 20 after the elapse of the test time t, that is, the pump water supply amount is measured. By dividing the measured amount of water by the test time t, the amount of water per unit time that passes through the pavement while maintaining the water level H in the water tank 11 at the target water level H0 can be obtained.
[0015]
Note that, instead of measuring the amount of water reduction in the tank 20 after the elapse of the test time t, the time required for the water in the tank 20 to decrease by a predetermined amount is measured, and this predetermined amount is divided by the measurement time. The amount of water permeation per unit time may be calculated by using the following formula.
[0016]
As described above, in the first embodiment, the amount of water reduction in the tank 20 at the test time t is measured while controlling the pump water supply amount so that the water level H in the water tank 11 is maintained at the target water level H0. I did it. Thus, the water pressure of the pavement can be obtained in a state close to the actual use of the pavement without the water head pressure becoming too high, and the water permeability of the pavement can be appropriately evaluated.
[0017]
The water permeability of the pavement varies depending on the properties of the pavement. That is, the water permeability increases as the density inside the pavement increases. When the roughness of the pavement is represented by the opening area, the relationship between the opening area and the water permeability is as shown in FIG. In the drawing, a characteristic a is a characteristic obtained by the test apparatus of FIG. 1, and a characteristic b is a characteristic obtained by the test apparatus of FIG. In the test apparatus of FIG. 3, the base portion 35 and the water tank 36 above the base part 35 are communicated via a pipe 37, and the cock valve 38 provided in the pipe 37 is opened to pave the water in the water tank 36. It is designed to flow over the body.
[0018]
According to the test apparatus of FIG. 1, the water level H is maintained at the target water level H0 as described above, so that the water head pressure is constant, and as shown by the characteristic a in FIG. Increase. On the other hand, according to the test apparatus of FIG. 3, when the opening area is small, the water head pressure in the water tank 11 is high, so that the rate of increase in the amount of water permeation becomes large. Since the flow of water to the body is regulated, the rate of increase in the amount of permeated water is reduced. Therefore, as shown by the characteristic b in FIG. 2, the larger the opening area is, the smaller the rate (gradient) of the increase in the amount of permeated water becomes.
[0019]
As described above, in the test apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the rate of change in the amount of water permeation varies greatly depending on the opening area, so that it is difficult to accurately evaluate the water permeability of the pavement. On the other hand, in the test apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the rate of change in the water permeability is constant regardless of the opening area, so that the water permeability can be accurately evaluated.
[0020]
In FIG. 1, the amount of water supplied to the pump 30 is detected by visually measuring the amount of water reduction in the tank 20, but the method of detecting the amount of water supplied is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a potentiometer 20b may be attached to the tank 20 as a water amount detecting means, and detection may be performed by the potentiometer 20b. Alternatively, a flow meter may be provided in the conduit 31 or 32, and the flow rate may be used to detect the amount of water supply. The history of the change in the pump capacity may be stored in the memory, and the water supply amount may be calculated by multiplying the history by the pump speed.
[0021]
In order to compare test data obtained by different test apparatuses (for example, FIGS. 1 and 3) with each other, it is necessary to perform comparison using the same evaluation method. In this case, the correlation between the two (characteristics a and b in FIG. 2) is stored in the controller 40 in advance, and the test data obtained by one test apparatus (FIG. 3) is used for the other (FIG. What is necessary is just to convert into the test data of the test device of 1). Thus, test data obtained by different test apparatuses can be compared by the same evaluation method, and the previous test data can be effectively used.
[0022]
-2nd Embodiment-
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the first embodiment, the water supply amount is controlled to keep the water level in the water tank 11 constant. However, in the second embodiment, the water level is kept constant without performing the water supply amount control. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pavement permeability evaluation device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the differences will be mainly described below. The water permeability evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment includes a tester 50 for evaluating water permeability, a tank 20 in which water is stored, and a pump 60 for supplying water from the tank 20 to the tester 50.
[0023]
The testing machine 50 has a substantially cylindrical water tank 51 whose top and bottom surfaces are open, and the wall of the water tank 51 has a predetermined height H from the road surface so that the water level H in the water tank 51 does not exceed the predetermined water level H0. Are provided with a plurality of through holes 51a. A water receiver 52 is provided outside the water tank 51 so as to surround the periphery of the water tank 51, and water flowing out of the water tank 51 from the through hole 51 a is stored in the water receiver 52. A scale 52 a indicating the amount of water in the water receiver 52 is provided on the wall surface of the water receiver 52.
[0024]
The pump 60 is of a fixed displacement type, and a constant amount of water is supplied from the tank 20 to the water tank 51 per unit time by driving the pump 60. In this case, the pump discharge amount per unit time is at least larger than the water permeation amount of the pavement per unit time. That is, the amount of water flowing from the opening 51b is made larger than the amount of water flowing out of the opening 51c.
[0025]
The water permeability evaluation test according to the second embodiment is performed in the following procedure.
First, a water tank 51 is installed on a road surface via a rubber ring 13 and an oil clay 15. Next, after storing a predetermined amount of water in the tank 20, the pump 60 is driven to supply the water in the tank 20 into the water tank 51. Thereby, the water level in the water tank 51 gradually rises, and a part of the water in the water tank 51 permeates the pavement through the opening 51c at the lower end. When the water level reaches the predetermined water level H0, the water in the tank 20 flows out of the through hole 51a and is stored in the water receiver 52. In this state, a predetermined test time t is measured while visually checking the scale 20a of the tank 20 and the scale 52a of the water receiver 52. Thus, the pump water supply amount after the test time t has elapsed and the drainage amount from the water tank 51 to the water receiver 52 are measured. Next, the difference between the pump supply amount and the drainage amount is obtained and divided by the test time. Thereby, the water permeability of the pavement per unit time can be obtained.
[0026]
As described above, in the second embodiment, the through hole 51a is opened at a predetermined height H0 on the wall surface of the water tank 51, and the pump water supply amount and the drainage amount from the through hole 51a are measured, and the difference between the two is obtained. did. Thereby, the water permeability evaluation test can be performed while the inside of the water tank 51 is maintained at the predetermined water level H0. In this case, unlike the first embodiment, there is no need to control the water supply amount, so that the configuration of the test apparatus can be simplified.
[0027]
In FIG. 5, the amount of water reduction in the tank 20 and the amount of water increase in the water receiver 52 are each visually measured, and the difference between the two is obtained from the measured values. However, the method for detecting the difference in water amount is not limited to this. Absent. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, potentiometers 20b and 52b may be attached to the tank 20 and the water receiver 52, respectively, and the water level detected by the potentiometers 20b and 52b may be taken into the controller 70 to determine the water amount difference from the water level difference. That is, the potentiometers 20b and 52b and the controller 70 may constitute a water amount difference detecting means. Instead of detecting the water level with the potentiometers 20b and 52b, the flow rate of the pump and the outflow from the through hole 51a may be detected by a flow meter. Further, the tank 20 and the water receiver 52 are provided independently, and the amount of water reduction in the tank 20 and the amount of water increase in the water receiver 52 are respectively measured. However, the water in the water receiver 52 is collected in the tank 20 as it is. The tank 20 and the water receiver 52 may be provided so as to communicate with each other as described above. Thereby, the water amount difference can be detected only by measuring the water reduction amount in the tank 20, and the configuration of the water amount difference detecting means becomes easy. In this case, the characteristics of FIG. 2 may be stored in the controller 70 in advance, and converted into test data of a different evaluation method based on the characteristics.
[0028]
In the above description, the rubber ring 13 and the oil clay 15 are used as seal members, but a seal member of another material may be used. Water supply means other than the pumps 30 and 60 may be used. Although the water supply amount is controlled by the pump displacement control as the water supply control means, the water supply amount may be controlled by the pump rotation speed control or the like. The scale 20a for visually checking the water supply amount is provided in the tank 20, and the scale 52a for visually monitoring the drainage amount is provided in the water receiver 52. However, a gauge portion may be provided in addition to the tank 20 and the water receiver 52.
[0029]
The water tank 51 is provided with the through hole 51a at a predetermined height H0 from the road surface, and the inside of the water tank 51 is maintained at a predetermined water level H0. However, an opening other than the through hole 51a may be provided at the predetermined height H0. For example, the height of the water tank 51 may be set to a predetermined height H0, and the water may be drained from the upper end of the water tank 51. Although the drainage from the water tank 51 is stored in the water receiver 52 as a water storage part, the water receiver 52 may have any shape. A water level detector other than the potentiometer 12 may be used. The shape of the water-permeable openings 11c and 51c provided at the lower ends of the water tanks 11 and 51 may be any. The water tanks 11, 51 need not be cylindrical. Although the upper end surfaces of the water tanks 11 and 51 are opened, water may be supplied from the side surfaces of the water tanks 11 and 51 with the upper end surfaces closed.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the present invention, water is transmitted to the pavement in a state where the water level of the water tank installed on the road surface of the water-permeable pavement is kept constant. The water permeability can be evaluated in the state.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a water permeability evaluation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between roughness of a pavement and water permeability.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a water permeability test apparatus shown as a comparison of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a modification of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a water permeability evaluation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of FIG. 5;
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 10 testing machine 11 water tank 11c opening 12 potentiometer 13 rubber ring 15 oil viscosity 20 tank 20a scale 20b potentiometer 30 pump 40 controller 50 testing machine 51 water tank 51a through hole 51c opening 52 water receiver 52a scale 52b potentiometer 70 controller

Claims (9)

A water tank whose bottom surface is open toward the road surface is installed on the road surface of the permeable pavement, and a contact surface between the lower end portion of the water tank and the road surface is sealed so that water does not leak from the lower end portion of the water tank to the periphery. A first procedure;
A second procedure of controlling the amount of water supplied to the water tank so as to keep the inside of the water tank at a predetermined water level;
A method for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement, wherein the water permeability of the pavement is evaluated by the third procedure of measuring the controlled water supply amount. The bottom is opened toward the road surface, and a water tank having an opening for drainage at a height corresponding to the predetermined water level is installed on the road surface of the permeable pavement so as not to exceed the predetermined water level, and A first procedure for sealing a contact surface between a lower end of the water tank and a road surface so that water does not leak from the lower end to the periphery;
A second procedure of supplying water so as to be drained from the opening while maintaining the water level in the water tank at the predetermined water level,
A pavement permeability evaluation method, wherein the pavement permeability is evaluated by a third procedure of measuring a difference between a water supply amount to the water tank and a drainage amount from the opening. A method for converting test data obtained by an evaluation method different from the method for evaluating water permeability according to claim 1 or 2 into data obtained by the method for evaluating water permeability according to claim 1 or 2. Characteristic pavement permeability evaluation method. A water tank whose bottom is open toward the road surface,
A sealing member for sealing a contact surface between the lower end of the water tank and the road surface of the permeable pavement,
Water supply means with variable water supply,
Water level detection means for detecting a water level in the water tank,
Water supply control means for controlling the amount of water supplied into the water tank by the water supply means so that the water level detected by the water level detection means is a predetermined water level,
A pavement permeability evaluation device, comprising: a gage part capable of visually observing an amount of water supplied by the water supply means. A water tank whose bottom is open toward the road surface,
A sealing member for sealing a contact surface between the lower end of the water tank and the road surface of the permeable pavement,
Water supply means with variable water supply,
Water level detection means for detecting a water level in the water tank,
Water supply control means for controlling the amount of water supplied into the water tank by the water supply means so that the water level detected by the water level detection means is a predetermined water level,
And a water supply amount detection means for detecting a water supply amount of the water supply means. A water tank having an opening for drainage at a height corresponding to the predetermined water level so that the bottom surface is opened toward the road surface and does not exceed a predetermined water level,
A sealing member that seals a contact surface between the lower end of the water tank and the road surface of the permeable pavement, and a water supply unit that supplies water so as to be drained from the opening while maintaining the water level in the water tank at the predetermined water level,
A water storage unit for storing drainage from the opening,
An apparatus for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement, comprising: a gauge section capable of visually observing a difference between an amount of water supplied by the water supply means and an amount of drainage stored in the water storage section. A water tank having an opening for drainage at a height corresponding to the predetermined water level so that the bottom surface is opened toward the road surface and does not exceed a predetermined water level,
A sealing member that seals a contact surface between the lower end of the water tank and the road surface of the permeable pavement, and a water supply unit that supplies water so as to be drained from the opening while maintaining the water level in the water tank at the predetermined water level.
A water storage unit for storing drainage from the opening,
An apparatus for evaluating the water permeability of a pavement, comprising: a water amount difference detecting means for detecting a difference between an amount of water supplied by the water supply means and an amount of drainage stored in the water storage section. It is a test machine used for the water permeability evaluation device according to claim 4 or 5, which evaluates the water permeability of the pavement,
A water tank whose bottom has an opening for water permeation opened to the road surface, and a water supply amount is adjusted according to the amount of water permeation from the opening so that the water level becomes a predetermined water level,
And a water level detector for detecting the predetermined water level. A test machine used for the water permeability evaluation device according to claim 6 or 7, which evaluates the water permeability of the pavement,
A bottom surface has an opening for water permeation opened to the road surface and an opening for drainage provided at a predetermined height, and water is permeated and drained from the openings so that the water level coincides with the predetermined height. A water tank that is supplied to
A water storage unit for storing drainage from the opening, and a pavement permeability evaluation tester.

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