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JP2004220979A - Catalytic substance-containing ink, electrode and fuel cell using the same - Google Patents

Catalytic substance-containing ink, electrode and fuel cell using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004220979A
JP2004220979A JP2003008637A JP2003008637A JP2004220979A JP 2004220979 A JP2004220979 A JP 2004220979A JP 2003008637 A JP2003008637 A JP 2003008637A JP 2003008637 A JP2003008637 A JP 2003008637A JP 2004220979 A JP2004220979 A JP 2004220979A
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Prior art keywords
catalyst
containing ink
substance
water
catalyst substance
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Japanese (ja)
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Souzaburo Ohashi
聡三郎 大橋
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

【課題】基材上に塗布して触媒層としたときに、その表面平滑性を向上させて電解質膜にダメージを与えないようにした触媒物質含有インクを得る。
【解決手段】触媒物質とイオン交換樹脂と溶媒とを含む触媒物質含有インクにおいて、溶媒を水と有機物成分を用いた混合物とし、触媒物質含有インク全重量に対する水の重量比率を30〜70重量%の範囲とする。
【選択図】 図5
An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst substance-containing ink which, when coated on a substrate to form a catalyst layer, has improved surface smoothness so as not to damage an electrolyte membrane.
A catalyst substance-containing ink containing a catalyst substance, an ion exchange resin, and a solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of water and an organic component, and the weight ratio of water to the total weight of the catalyst substance-containing ink is 30 to 70% by weight. Range.
[Selection diagram] FIG.

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は燃料電池、特に固体高分子型燃料電池の触媒層を形成するのに用いられる触媒物質含有インクに関する。また、そのインクを用いた電極と燃料電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図1は、固体高分子型燃料電池の要部を示しており、電極(MEA:Membrane−Electrode Assembly)1がセパレータ2を挟持して多数配置される。電極1は、イオン交換膜からなる電解質膜3の両面にアノードおよびカソードとして機能する触媒層4が積層され、さらに、その上にガス拡散層5が積層される。アノードおよびカソードにはセパレータ2に形成された流路を介して燃料ガス(水素)および酸化ガス(酸素、通常は空気)が供給される。燃料ガスと酸化ガスが混合(ガスクロス)しないように、電解質膜3はガス不透過性である必要がある。触媒層4の形成には、粒子状の触媒物質とイオン交換樹脂と溶媒とを含む触媒物質含有インクが用いられ、該インクを電解質膜3に直接塗布するか、適宜の転写膜上にインクを一旦塗布したものをホットプレスにより転写することによって、触媒層が形成される。
【0003】
触媒物質としては、白金のような貴金属類をカーボンブラックなどの導電性材料の表面に担持させたものが主に用いられ、イオン交換樹脂としては、プロトン伝導性を有するポリマー(例えば、デュポン社の「ナフィオン」(商品名))が主に用いられ、溶剤としては水やエタノールや2−プロパノールなどの低級アルコールなどである有機物成分が主に用いられる。触媒物質とイオン交換樹脂とは前記溶媒中に混合、分散され、触媒物質含有インクとされる。従来、低級アルコールを含む溶媒溶液の発火による危険性を抑制するために、水が触媒物質含有インク全重量に対して10〜20重量%の割合で加えられるのが普通である。他の態様の触媒物質含有インクとして、特許文献1(特開平8−259873号公報)には、溶媒が水系であるものが記載され、溶剤としての有機物成分は多くても10重量%以下が好ましいとしている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−259873号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らは、従来知られている10〜20重量%の水が加えられた触媒物質含有インクを用いて燃料電池電極の製造を多く行ってきているが、その過程において、触媒物質含有インクの保管中に触媒粒子が沈降してしまう場合があることや、基材(電解質層あるいは転写層)へ塗布した後の平滑性が充分でなかったり、さらには、塗布後の触媒層内にひび割れが発生する場合があること経験した。保管中に触媒粒子が沈降・凝集してしまった場合には、塗布などにより触媒層を形成する際に、触媒量のバラツキが生じたり、表面に凝集分が生じたりしてしまう。また、塗布後に触媒層の表面平滑度が不十分で表面に微細な凹凸が存在したり、ひび割れが生じている場合には、電解質膜にダメージを与え、電極の性能低下や耐久性低下を引き起こす。
【0006】
本発明は上記のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、触媒物質含有インクにおいて、保管中に触媒粒子が沈降・凝集するような状態が生じないようにし、かつ、基材上に塗布したときの表面平滑性を向上させて電解質膜がダメージを受けないようにして、触媒層に起因する電極の性能低下や寿命の短縮化を効果的に回避できるようにした、触媒物質含有インクを提供することにある。本発明の他の目的は、そのような触媒物質含有インクで作られた触媒層を持つ電極、および該電極を持つ燃料電池を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決すべく、本発明者らは、触媒物質含有インク中における触媒粒子とイオン交換樹脂の挙動について多くの研究と分析を行った。それにより、上記した触媒粒子の沈降や塗布面の表面平滑性の劣化が生じる主な原因は、触媒物質含有インク中での触媒粒子の分散状態での安定性が悪いためであることを知った。すなわち、分散安定性が悪いと沈降が早くなり、また凝集した粒子が多く存在するために触媒粒子を均一に塗布することが容易でなく、その結果、塗布面(触媒層表面)の平滑度が悪くなり、また凝集部分からひび割れも生じ易くなる。そこで、触媒粒子の分散安定性を向上させ、凝集も少なくする方法について、さらに研究と分析を行い、次のような知見を得た。すなわち、
▲1▼触媒粒子の分散安定性は、インク中におけるイオン交換樹脂の触媒粒子上への吸着度に依存しており、吸着量が増加すれば、触媒粒子上のイオン交換樹脂による触媒粒子間の立体反発力や電荷反発力が増加し、この粒子間の反発力が増加することにより、触媒粒子間の凝集が抑制され、結果として、分散性の向上がもたらされること。
【0008】
▲2▼イオン交換樹脂の触媒粒子上への吸着度を上げるためには、インクの溶媒に対するイオン交換樹脂の結合力を弱めることが必要となるが、イオン交換樹脂に対する溶解度の高い有機物成分(例えば、従来用いられているエタノールや2−プロパノールなどの低級アルコール類)の比率が高いと、イオン交換樹脂は溶媒中に多く存在してしまうこととなり、イオン交換樹脂の触媒粒子上への吸着量が低くなってしまうこと。
【0009】
▲3▼水はイオン交換樹脂に対する溶解度は低いので、溶媒の水の比率を高くすることにより溶媒中のイオン交換樹脂の存在量を減らすことができ、結果として、触媒粒子上にイオン交換樹脂を多く存在させることが可能となり、触媒粒子間の凝集を抑制して、分散性の向上を期待することができること。しかし、水比率が多すぎると、イオン交換樹脂の溶解度が極端に悪くなり、インク中に樹脂が析出し、触媒層中にイオン交換樹脂が均一に存在しなくなってしまうと共に、塗布膜中に泡が発生し、乾燥後に泡の抜けによる凹みが発生すること。
【0010】
本発明による触媒物質含有インクは、上記の知見に基づくものであり、触媒物質とイオン交換樹脂と溶剤とを含む触媒物質含有インクであって、溶媒を水と有機物成分を用いた混合物とし、触媒物質含有インク全重量に対する水の重量比率が30〜70%であることを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明において、触媒物質は、表面に触媒を担持した粒子状の導電性材料を総称しており、触媒としては、従来の燃料電池において用いられているものを用いることができる。例えば、白金、白金−ルテニウム合金のような貴金属類が挙げられる。導電性材料も同様であり、カーボンブラックやカーボンナノチューブなどの導電性カーボン材料、酸化チタンなどのセラミック材料などが挙げられる。イオン交換樹脂は、従来燃料電池で用いられてきたプロトン伝導性を有する樹脂を総称しており、従来知られているデュポン社製のナフィオン(商品名)や旭硝子社製のフレミオン(商品名)が挙げられる。
【0012】
溶媒は、従来燃料電池で用いられてきたものであってよく、水と有機物成分を用いた混合物である。ただし、触媒物質含有インク全重量に対する水の重量比率が30〜70重量%であることが必要である。有機物成分はエタノールや2−プロパノールなどの低級アルコール類が望ましいが、アセトンなどのケトン類や酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類のようなものであってもよい。
【0013】
本発明による触媒物質含有インクは、上記の触媒物質と、イオン交換樹脂と、水と有機物成分を用いた混合物である溶媒とを、従来知られた方法により混ぜ合わせることにより得ることができる。必要な場合には、触媒粒子を解砕する工程やインク中に分散する工程を補助的に行ってもよい。いずれにしろ、製造後の触媒物質含有インクにおいて、その全重量に対する水の重量比率が30〜70重量%となるようにする。特に好ましくは、40重量%〜60重量%の範囲である。
【0014】
本発明による触媒物質含有インクは触媒粒子の分散性がよく、長時間保存しても触媒粒子の沈降や凝縮が生じない。また、本発明による触媒物質含有インクを塗布して得られる塗膜は表面平滑性が良好であり、形成される触媒層の表面はきわめて平坦である。そのために、本発明によるインクを用いて製造された燃料電池用電極は電解質膜にダメージを与えることは少なく、触媒層に起因する電極の性能低下や寿命の短縮化を効果的に回避することができる。そのために、燃料電池自体の放電性能も改善される。
【0015】
なお、触媒物質含有インク全重量に対する水の重量比率が30重量%未満の場合には、インク中におけるイオン交換樹脂の触媒粒子上への吸着量が少なく、触媒粒子間の反発力が不十分なことから凝集化する傾向が大きくなり、好ましくない。また、水の重量比率が70重量%を超える場合には、イオン交換樹脂の溶解度が極端に悪くなり触媒層中にイオン交換樹脂が均一に存在しなくなると共に、塗布膜中に泡が発生し、乾燥後に泡の抜けによる凹みが発生するので好ましくない。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例と比較例により説明する。本発明がこれに限定されないことは当然である。
【0017】
[実施例1]
白金粒子をカーボンブラック(Ketjen EC)上に45重量%担持させた触媒粒子の約10gに対して水62gを投入した。次に、エタノール52gを投入してよく攪拌、混合した。最後にナフィオン溶液(デュポン社 SE20092 21.17%溶液)を26g投入して攪拌した。ナフィオン溶液には水やエタノール、2−プロパノールが含まれており、上記比率で混合すると、混合溶液中の水の重量比率は約45重量%となる。この混合溶液に、超音波ホモジナイザーにより約1分間超音波照射、5分間冷却の操作を10回繰り返したものを触媒粒子の分散溶液(触媒物質含有インク)とした。
【0018】
この触媒物質含有インクの分散安定性を評価する目的で、インク2mlを3000rpmで遠心分離した際の透過光量の推移を、光源を当ててその透過光量をCCDセンサにより検出することにより測定した。測定装置は、L.U.M社(ドイツ)製のLUMiFuge114である。その結果を図2に示す。なお、図2において、縦軸は透過光量、横軸は時間であり、透過光量の経時変化をプロットしている。透過光量が増加するほど沈降が進んでいることを現しており、沈降量の多寡により分散安定性の良否を比較することができる。
【0019】
さらに、上記した超音波ホモジナイザーにより約1分間超音波照射、5分間冷却の操作を10回繰り返した触媒物質含有インクを、ドクターブレード方式のアプリケータによりPTFE基材上に、白金重量が0.4mg/cmとなるように調整して塗布した。塗布後、100℃で温風乾燥させて触媒層とした。乾燥後の触媒層の表面をレーザー顕微鏡により3次元解析した。その結果を図3aに示す。
【0020】
[実施例2]
触媒粒子の約10gに対して、水を85g、エタノールを29g、ナフィオン溶液を26g投入したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合溶液を調整し、混合溶液中の水の重量比率が約60重量%となるようにした。以下、同様にして、透過光量を測定した。その結果を図2に示す。また、同様にして、乾燥後の触媒層の表面を3次元解析した。その結果を図3bに示す。
【0021】
[比較例1]
触媒粒子の約10gに対して、水を25g、エタノールを89g、ナフィオン溶液を26g投入したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合溶液を調整し、混合溶液中の水の重量比率が約20重量%となるようにした。以下、同様にして、透過光量を測定した。その結果を図2に示す。また、同様にして、乾燥後の触媒層の表面を3次元解析した。その結果を図4aに示す。
【0022】
[比較例2]
触媒粒子の約10gに対して、水を114g、エタノールを0g、ナフィオン溶液を26g投入したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合溶液を調整し、混合溶液中の水の重量比率が約80重量%となるようにした。以下、同様にして、透過光量を測定した。その結果を図2に示す。また、同様にして、乾燥後の触媒層の表面を3次元解析した。その結果を図4bに示す。
【0023】
[比較例3]
触媒粒子の約10gに対して、水を134.5g、エタノールを0g、ナフィオン溶液を5.5g投入したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合溶液を調整し、混合溶液中の水の重量比率が約90重量%となるようにした。以下、同様にして、透過光量を測定した。その結果を図2に示す。
【0024】
[実施例3]
実施例1で調整した触媒物質含有インクを塗布して触媒層とした電極を用いて電池モジュールを作り、連続運転したときのアノード側とカソード側のクロスリーク量の推移(封圧変化量)を測定した。その結果を図5に示す。
【0025】
[比較例4]
比較例1で調整した触媒物質含有インクを塗布して触媒層とした電極を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして電池モジュールを作り、そのクロスリーク量(封圧変化量)の推移を測定した。その結果を図5に示す。
【0026】
[評価]
図2に示すように、本発明による触媒物質含有インク(水比率45%のもの、60%のもの)と比較して、比較例1(水比率20%)のものは透過光量の経時変化量が増加しており、分散安定性が悪いことがわかる。また、図3a,bと図4a、bとを比較すればわかるように、比較例1(水比率20%)のものは、表面平滑度において、本発明による触媒物質含有インクのものよりも劣っている。比較例2(水比率80%)のものは分散安定性では本発明の触媒物質含有インクよりも優れているが、図4bに示すように、凹みが多く発生が発生している。これは、塗布膜中に泡が発生し、乾燥後に泡が抜けたことによると解される。
【0027】
上記の結果から、本発明による触媒物質含有インク全重量に対する水の重量比率が30〜70重量%である触媒物質含有インクは、塗布・乾燥したときの表面平滑性に優れており、電解質膜にダメージを与えることが少なく、触媒層に起因する電極の性能低下や寿命の短縮化を効果的に回避できることが充分に推測される。
【0028】
実施例3と比較例4はそれを裏付けるものであり、図5に示すように、比較例1で調整した触媒物質含有インクを塗布して触媒層とした電極を用いた電池モジュールは、実施例1で調整した触媒物質含有インクを塗布して触媒層とした電極を用いた電池モジュールと比較して、ほぼ半分の放電時間で大きな封圧変化を生じており、電池耐久性において、本発明による触媒物質含有インクを用いることがきわめて有効であることを示している。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、基材上に塗布して触媒層としたときに、その表面平滑性を向上させて電解質膜にダメージを与えないようにした触媒物質含有インクが得られる。それにより、得られる電池モジュールは、触媒層に起因する電極の性能低下や寿命の短縮化を効果的に回避することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】固体高分子型燃料電池における電極を示す模式図。
【図2】触媒物質含有インクの分散安定性を評価するグラフであり、各インクの透過光量の経時変化を示している。
【図3】本発明による触媒物質含有インクを塗布して得た触媒層の3次元解析写真。
【図4】比較例による触媒物質含有インクを塗布して得た触媒層の解析写真。
【図5】本発明による触媒物質含有インクと比較例で調整した触媒物質含有インクをそれぞれ塗布して触媒層とした電極を用いた電池モジュールにおける、連続運転したときのアノード側とカソード側のクロスリーク量の推移(封圧変化量)を測定した結果を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
1…電極(MEA:Membrane−Electrode Assembly)、2…セパレータ、3…電解質膜、4…触媒層、5…ガス拡散層
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a catalyst substance-containing ink used for forming a catalyst layer of a fuel cell, particularly a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The invention also relates to an electrode and a fuel cell using the ink.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 1 shows a main part of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and a large number of electrodes (MEA: Membrane-Electrode Assembly) 1 are arranged with a separator 2 interposed therebetween. In the electrode 1, a catalyst layer 4 functioning as an anode and a cathode is laminated on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane 3 composed of an ion exchange membrane, and a gas diffusion layer 5 is further laminated thereon. A fuel gas (hydrogen) and an oxidizing gas (oxygen, usually air) are supplied to the anode and the cathode via a flow path formed in the separator 2. The electrolyte membrane 3 needs to be gas-impermeable so that the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas do not mix (gas cross). In forming the catalyst layer 4, a catalyst substance-containing ink containing a particulate catalyst substance, an ion exchange resin, and a solvent is used. The ink is directly applied to the electrolyte membrane 3 or the ink is applied onto an appropriate transfer film. The catalyst layer is formed by transferring the applied material by hot pressing.
[0003]
As the catalyst substance, a substance in which a noble metal such as platinum is supported on the surface of a conductive material such as carbon black is mainly used. As the ion exchange resin, a polymer having proton conductivity (for example, DuPont's “Nafion” (trade name)) is mainly used, and as a solvent, an organic component such as water or a lower alcohol such as ethanol or 2-propanol is mainly used. The catalyst substance and the ion exchange resin are mixed and dispersed in the solvent to obtain a catalyst substance-containing ink. Conventionally, in order to reduce the risk of ignition of a solvent solution containing a lower alcohol, water is usually added at a ratio of 10 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the ink containing a catalyst substance. As a catalyst substance-containing ink of another embodiment, Patent Literature 1 (JP-A-8-259873) describes an ink in which the solvent is an aqueous solvent, and the organic component as the solvent is preferably at most 10% by weight or less. And
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-259873
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present inventors have been producing many fuel cell electrodes using a conventionally known catalyst-containing ink to which 10 to 20% by weight of water has been added. In the process, the catalyst-containing ink is used. The catalyst particles may settle during storage of the catalyst, may not have sufficient smoothness after being applied to the substrate (electrolyte layer or transfer layer), or may have cracks in the catalyst layer after application. Experienced that may occur. If the catalyst particles have settled or aggregated during storage, when the catalyst layer is formed by coating or the like, the amount of the catalyst varies, or the surface is agglomerated. In addition, if the surface smoothness of the catalyst layer after coating is insufficient and there are fine irregularities on the surface or cracks have occurred, the electrolyte membrane is damaged, and the performance and durability of the electrode are reduced. .
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to prevent a state in which catalyst particles settle and aggregate during storage in a catalyst substance-containing ink, and A catalytic material that improves surface smoothness when applied on the surface to prevent the electrolyte membrane from being damaged, thereby effectively avoiding deterioration of electrode performance and shortening of service life caused by the catalyst layer. It is to provide a contained ink. It is another object of the present invention to provide an electrode having a catalyst layer made of such a catalyst substance-containing ink, and a fuel cell having the electrode.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted many studies and analyzes on the behavior of the catalyst particles and the ion exchange resin in the catalyst substance-containing ink. As a result, it has been found that the main cause of the above-described settling of the catalyst particles and deterioration of the surface smoothness of the coated surface is due to poor stability in the dispersed state of the catalyst particles in the catalyst substance-containing ink. . In other words, if the dispersion stability is poor, sedimentation is accelerated, and it is not easy to uniformly apply the catalyst particles due to the presence of many agglomerated particles. As a result, the smoothness of the coated surface (catalyst layer surface) is reduced. It becomes worse, and cracks tend to occur from the agglomerated portion. Then, further research and analysis were conducted on a method for improving the dispersion stability of catalyst particles and reducing aggregation, and obtained the following knowledge. That is,
{Circle around (1)} The dispersion stability of the catalyst particles depends on the degree of adsorption of the ion exchange resin on the catalyst particles in the ink. The steric repulsion and the charge repulsion increase, and the repulsion between the particles increases, whereby the aggregation between the catalyst particles is suppressed, and as a result, the dispersibility is improved.
[0008]
(2) In order to increase the degree of adsorption of the ion exchange resin on the catalyst particles, it is necessary to weaken the bonding force of the ion exchange resin to the solvent of the ink. If the ratio of the conventionally used lower alcohols such as ethanol and 2-propanol) is high, the ion exchange resin will be present in a large amount in the solvent, and the amount of adsorption of the ion exchange resin on the catalyst particles will decrease. Being low.
[0009]
(3) Since water has a low solubility in the ion exchange resin, the amount of the ion exchange resin in the solvent can be reduced by increasing the ratio of the water in the solvent. As a result, the ion exchange resin is deposited on the catalyst particles. A large amount can be present, and aggregation between catalyst particles can be suppressed, and improvement in dispersibility can be expected. However, if the water ratio is too large, the solubility of the ion exchange resin becomes extremely poor, the resin is precipitated in the ink, the ion exchange resin is not uniformly present in the catalyst layer, and bubbles are generated in the coating film. Is generated, and dents are generated after drying out due to removal of bubbles.
[0010]
The catalyst substance-containing ink according to the present invention is based on the above findings, and is a catalyst substance-containing ink containing a catalyst substance, an ion exchange resin and a solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture using water and an organic component, and the catalyst The weight ratio of water to the total weight of the substance-containing ink is 30 to 70%.
[0011]
In the present invention, the catalyst substance is a general term for a particulate conductive material having a catalyst supported on its surface. As the catalyst, those used in conventional fuel cells can be used. For example, noble metals such as platinum and a platinum-ruthenium alloy can be mentioned. The same applies to the conductive material, and examples thereof include a conductive carbon material such as carbon black and carbon nanotube, and a ceramic material such as titanium oxide. Ion exchange resin is a general term for proton conductive resins that have been used in conventional fuel cells. Nafion (trade name) manufactured by DuPont and Flemion (trade name) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. are known. No.
[0012]
The solvent may be one conventionally used in a fuel cell, and is a mixture using water and an organic component. However, it is necessary that the weight ratio of water to the total weight of the ink containing the catalyst substance is 30 to 70% by weight. The organic component is preferably a lower alcohol such as ethanol or 2-propanol, but may be a ketone such as acetone or an ester such as butyl acetate.
[0013]
The catalyst substance-containing ink according to the present invention can be obtained by mixing the above-mentioned catalyst substance, an ion exchange resin, and a solvent that is a mixture of water and an organic component by a conventionally known method. If necessary, a step of crushing the catalyst particles or a step of dispersing the catalyst particles in the ink may be supplementarily performed. In any case, the weight ratio of water to the total weight of the manufactured ink containing the catalyst substance is adjusted to 30 to 70% by weight. Particularly preferably, it is in the range of 40% by weight to 60% by weight.
[0014]
The ink containing a catalyst substance according to the present invention has good dispersibility of catalyst particles, and does not cause sedimentation or condensation of the catalyst particles even when stored for a long time. The coating film obtained by applying the catalyst substance-containing ink according to the present invention has good surface smoothness, and the surface of the formed catalyst layer is extremely flat. Therefore, the fuel cell electrode manufactured by using the ink according to the present invention is less likely to damage the electrolyte membrane, and can effectively avoid performance deterioration and shortening of the life of the electrode caused by the catalyst layer. it can. Therefore, the discharge performance of the fuel cell itself is also improved.
[0015]
When the weight ratio of water to the total weight of the catalyst substance-containing ink is less than 30% by weight, the amount of ion exchange resin adsorbed on the catalyst particles in the ink is small, and the repulsive force between the catalyst particles is insufficient. Therefore, the tendency to agglomeration increases, which is not preferable. When the weight ratio of water exceeds 70% by weight, the solubility of the ion exchange resin becomes extremely poor, the ion exchange resin is not uniformly present in the catalyst layer, and bubbles are generated in the coating film, Undesirably, dents are generated due to removal of bubbles after drying.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Naturally, the present invention is not limited to this.
[0017]
[Example 1]
62 g of water was added to about 10 g of catalyst particles in which platinum particles were supported on carbon black (Ketjen EC) at 45% by weight. Next, 52 g of ethanol was charged and well stirred and mixed. Finally, 26 g of Nafion solution (21.17% solution of SE20092 from DuPont) was added and stirred. The Nafion solution contains water, ethanol and 2-propanol, and when mixed at the above ratio, the weight ratio of water in the mixed solution becomes about 45% by weight. This mixed solution was repeatedly irradiated with ultrasonic waves by an ultrasonic homogenizer for about 1 minute and cooled for 5 minutes 10 times to obtain a dispersion solution of catalyst particles (catalyst substance-containing ink).
[0018]
For the purpose of evaluating the dispersion stability of the catalyst substance-containing ink, the change in the amount of transmitted light when 2 ml of the ink was centrifuged at 3000 rpm was measured by applying a light source and detecting the amount of transmitted light with a CCD sensor. The measuring device is L. U. LUMiFuge 114 manufactured by Company M (Germany). The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the vertical axis represents the amount of transmitted light and the horizontal axis represents time, and the change with time in the amount of transmitted light is plotted. This indicates that the sedimentation progresses as the amount of transmitted light increases, and the quality of dispersion stability can be compared based on the amount of sedimentation.
[0019]
Further, the catalyst substance-containing ink obtained by repeating the operation of irradiating ultrasonic waves for about 1 minute with the above-mentioned ultrasonic homogenizer and cooling for 5 minutes 10 times was applied onto a PTFE substrate with a doctor blade type applicator so that the platinum weight was 0.4 mg. / Cm 2 . After the application, it was dried with hot air at 100 ° C. to form a catalyst layer. The surface of the dried catalyst layer was three-dimensionally analyzed with a laser microscope. The result is shown in FIG. 3a.
[0020]
[Example 2]
A mixed solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 85 g of water, 29 g of ethanol, and 26 g of Nafion solution were added to about 10 g of the catalyst particles, and the weight ratio of water in the mixed solution was about The content was adjusted to 60% by weight. Hereinafter, the amount of transmitted light was measured in the same manner. The result is shown in FIG. Similarly, the surface of the dried catalyst layer was three-dimensionally analyzed. The result is shown in FIG. 3b.
[0021]
[Comparative Example 1]
A mixed solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 25 g of water, 89 g of ethanol, and 26 g of Nafion solution were added to about 10 g of the catalyst particles, and the weight ratio of water in the mixed solution was about The content was adjusted to 20% by weight. Hereinafter, the amount of transmitted light was measured in the same manner. The result is shown in FIG. Similarly, the surface of the dried catalyst layer was three-dimensionally analyzed. The result is shown in FIG. 4a.
[0022]
[Comparative Example 2]
A mixed solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 114 g of water, 0 g of ethanol, and 26 g of Nafion solution were added to about 10 g of the catalyst particles, and the weight ratio of water in the mixed solution was about 10 g. The content was adjusted to 80% by weight. Hereinafter, the amount of transmitted light was measured in the same manner. The result is shown in FIG. Similarly, the surface of the dried catalyst layer was three-dimensionally analyzed. The result is shown in FIG. 4b.
[0023]
[Comparative Example 3]
A mixed solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 134.5 g of water, 0 g of ethanol, and 5.5 g of Nafion solution were added to about 10 g of the catalyst particles. The weight ratio was about 90% by weight. Hereinafter, the amount of transmitted light was measured in the same manner. The result is shown in FIG.
[0024]
[Example 3]
A battery module was fabricated using the electrode formed as a catalyst layer by applying the catalyst substance-containing ink prepared in Example 1, and changes in the amount of cross leak (change in sealing pressure) between the anode side and the cathode side during continuous operation were measured. It was measured. The result is shown in FIG.
[0025]
[Comparative Example 4]
A battery module was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the electrode containing the catalyst substance-containing ink prepared in Comparative Example 1 was applied to form a catalyst layer, and a change in the amount of cross leak (change in sealing pressure) was measured. did. The result is shown in FIG.
[0026]
[Evaluation]
As shown in FIG. 2, compared with the catalyst substance-containing ink according to the present invention (water ratio 45%, 60%), Comparative Example 1 (water ratio 20%) shows the amount of change in transmitted light with time. And the dispersion stability is poor. As can be seen from a comparison between FIGS. 3a and 3b and FIGS. 4a and 4b, the ink of Comparative Example 1 (water ratio: 20%) is inferior in surface smoothness to that of the ink containing a catalytic substance according to the present invention. ing. In Comparative Example 2 (water ratio 80%), the dispersion stability is superior to that of the catalyst substance-containing ink of the present invention, but as shown in FIG. 4B, many dents are generated. This is understood to be because bubbles were generated in the coating film and the bubbles were removed after drying.
[0027]
From the above results, the catalyst substance-containing ink according to the present invention, in which the weight ratio of water to the total weight of the catalyst substance-containing ink is 30 to 70% by weight, has excellent surface smoothness when applied and dried. It is sufficiently presumed that damage is less likely to occur, and that a reduction in electrode performance and a shortened life due to the catalyst layer can be effectively avoided.
[0028]
Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 support this, and as shown in FIG. 5, a battery module using an electrode which is a catalyst layer formed by applying the catalyst substance-containing ink prepared in Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. Compared to a battery module using an electrode which is a catalyst layer formed by applying the catalyst substance-containing ink prepared in 1, a large sealing pressure change occurs in almost half of the discharge time, and the battery durability is reduced by the present invention. This shows that the use of the catalyst substance-containing ink is extremely effective.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, when apply | coated on a base material and a catalyst layer, the surface smoothness is improved and the catalyst substance containing ink which prevented the electrolyte membrane from being damaged is obtained. Thereby, in the obtained battery module, it is possible to effectively avoid deterioration of the performance of the electrode and shortening of the life due to the catalyst layer.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing electrodes in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
FIG. 2 is a graph for evaluating the dispersion stability of a catalyst-substance-containing ink, showing a change with time in the amount of transmitted light of each ink.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional analysis photograph of a catalyst layer obtained by applying a catalyst substance-containing ink according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an analysis photograph of a catalyst layer obtained by applying a catalyst substance-containing ink according to a comparative example.
FIG. 5 is a cross-section between the anode side and the cathode side during continuous operation in a battery module using an electrode serving as a catalyst layer by applying the catalyst substance-containing ink according to the present invention and the catalyst substance-containing ink prepared in the comparative example, respectively. 5 is a graph showing the result of measuring the change in the amount of leakage (the amount of change in sealing pressure).
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrode (MEA: Membrane-Electrode Assembly), 2 ... Separator, 3 ... Electrolyte membrane, 4 ... Catalyst layer, 5 ... Gas diffusion layer

Claims (3)

触媒物質とイオン交換樹脂と溶媒とを含む触媒物質含有インクであって、溶媒を水と有機物成分を用いた混合物とし、触媒物質含有インク全重量に対する水の重量比率が30〜70重量%であることを特徴とする触媒物質含有インク。A catalyst substance-containing ink containing a catalyst substance, an ion exchange resin, and a solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of water and an organic component, and a weight ratio of water to the total weight of the catalyst substance-containing ink is 30 to 70% by weight. A catalyst substance-containing ink, characterized in that: 請求項1に記載の触媒物質含有インクを塗布して形成した触媒層を持つ燃料電池用電極。An electrode for a fuel cell having a catalyst layer formed by applying the catalyst substance-containing ink according to claim 1. 請求項2に記載の電極を持つ燃料電池。A fuel cell having the electrode according to claim 2.
JP2003008637A 2003-01-16 2003-01-16 Catalytic substance-containing ink, electrode and fuel cell using the same Pending JP2004220979A (en)

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