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JP2004214046A - Electrode for lithium ion secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery using the same - Google Patents

Electrode for lithium ion secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004214046A
JP2004214046A JP2003000261A JP2003000261A JP2004214046A JP 2004214046 A JP2004214046 A JP 2004214046A JP 2003000261 A JP2003000261 A JP 2003000261A JP 2003000261 A JP2003000261 A JP 2003000261A JP 2004214046 A JP2004214046 A JP 2004214046A
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electrode
secondary battery
ion secondary
lithium ion
current collector
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JP2004214046A5 (en
Inventor
Masaki Hasegawa
正樹 長谷川
Hideaki Oyama
秀明 大山
Yasuhiko Mifuji
靖彦 美藤
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

【課題】可逆的にリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能なシリコン系合金材料粉末を活物質とするリチウムイオン二次電池用負極において、充放電に伴う活物質材料の膨張収縮により電極電極合剤が集電体から剥離する。
【解決手段】負極集電体表面に粘着性を有する樹脂を塗布することにより接着性を向上させて電極合剤の剥離を防止する。
【選択図】 なし
A negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery using a silicon-based alloy material powder capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium as an active material, wherein an electrode electrode mixture is collected due to expansion and contraction of the active material during charging and discharging. Peel from the conductor.
SOLUTION: An adhesive resin is applied to the surface of a negative electrode current collector to improve adhesiveness and prevent peeling of an electrode mixture.
[Selection diagram] None

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、リチウムイオン二次電池用電極と、その電極を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
リチウム二次電池は、高電圧で高エネルギー密度が得られるため、近年、移動体通信機器、携帯電子機器の主電源として利用されている。しかしながら、これら機器の小型高性能化にともなってより一層の高性能化が求められており多くの研究が行われている。
【0003】
これまでリチウムイオン二次電池の正・負極活物質材料として、数多くの材料が提案、研究されているが、負極に関しては、活物質材料に炭素材料やアルミニウム合金等を用いたものが実用化されている。上記の負極活物質材料の中で、炭素材料が最も高性能を示し、広く用いられている。
【0004】
しかし、この材料は既に理論容量(約370mAh/g)に近い容量で使われており、さらに大幅な高エネルギー密度化をすることが困難な状況である。
【0005】
リチウム二次電池のより一層の高容量化を可能にする負極活物質材料として、種々の新規材料の検討が行われている。例えば、負極活物質材料としてはシリコンやスズをはじめとするリチウムを吸蔵放出可能な金属やこれら金属の酸化物等が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0006】
負極活物質材料を用いてリチウム二次電池を製造する際、一般には粉末状の材料を用いており、前記材料粉末と結着剤等を水もしくは有機溶媒と混合してスラリー状にしたものをシート状の集電体に塗布し、乾燥することで集電体上に電極合剤を形成して極板を作製している。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開平07−29602号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記従来の構成の電極では、活物質材料や導電剤等の電極合剤を構成する各材料粉末は、電極合剤内に添加される結着剤によって結着されることで電極を形成すると同時に集電体表面とも結着されている。
【0009】
ところが、例えばシリコンやスズ等の金属粉末を活物質材料として用いる場合、充放電時のリチウムの吸蔵放出反応に伴う活物質自身の体積変化が大きいために電極合剤全体としても大きな膨張収縮が起こる。そのため、この膨張収縮に集電体と電極合剤との結着力が耐えきれず電極合剤が剥離してしまう。これにより、集電不良が発生し電池特性の低下が起こる。特に、充放電サイクルを繰り返すことで電極合剤剥離が広範囲に広がり大幅な特性劣化が起こってしまう。
【0010】
前述のような結着力不足による電極合剤剥離が起こる場合、結着剤量の増量等により結着力を増すことが考えられる。しかしながら、通常、結着剤として樹脂材料が用いられており、電導性に乏しい樹脂材料を増やすことによって電極合剤内での集電性を低下させ、性能劣化を招くことになる。従って、結着剤量の増量にも限界がある。
【0011】
本発明は、前記従来の課題を解決するもので、電極合剤と集電体とが剥離しないリチウムイオン二次電池用電極であり、充放電特性の優れたリチウムイオン二次電池を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極は、可逆的にリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な活物質を含む電極合剤と集電体とを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池用電極であり、前記集電体表面と前記電極合剤との間に少なくともシス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステルまたはポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる一種と導電剤粉末とを含有する混合物を備える。
【0013】
さらに、ポリアクリル酸エステルが少なくともポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレートから選ばれる一種である。
【0014】
さらに、電極合剤は少なくともTi,Fe,Co,Ni,Cuから選ばれる一種の金属とSiとを有する。
【0015】
また、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、正極と負極と非水電解質を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池であり、前記負極は可逆的にリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能なTi,Fe,Co,Ni,Cuから選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属とSiとの合金を含有する活物質と、集電体とを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池用電極であり、前記集電体表面に少なくともシス−1,4−ポリイソプレンとポリイソブチレンの共重合体、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステルまたはポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる一種と導電剤粉末とを含有する混合物を備える。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。本発明は、集電体表面に粘着性の高い樹脂を塗布することで、電極合剤内部での各構成材料の集電性を維持し、なおかつ集電体との十分な結着力を得るものである。この結果、電極合剤と集電体とが剥離しないリチウムイオン二次電池用電極であり、充放電特性の優れたリチウムイオン二次電池となる。
【0017】
本発明を具体的に説明する。集電体表面にシス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリビニルエーテルなどの粘着性の高い樹脂を別途、塗布することで、電極合剤内部での各構成材料の集電性を維持し、なおかつ集電体との十分な結着力を得ることができる。
【0018】
シス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレンは粘着性を有する弾性体であるため充放電時の応力が緩和され剥離抑制の効果が高い、また、ポリアクリル酸、ポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレート等のアクリル系樹脂は良好な接着力と耐久性を有しており、ポリビニルエーテルは良好な水溶性を有するため水系のスラリーでの取り扱いが容易である。
【0019】
これらの樹脂を用いる際、集電体上に塗布する樹脂に導電剤粉末を混合することで、集電体と電極合剤との間での十分な集電を確保することができる。
【0020】
導電剤としては、電子伝導性材料であれば何でもよい。例えば、天然黒鉛(鱗片状黒鉛など)、人造黒鉛、膨張黒鉛などのグラファイト類、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、チャンネルブラック、ファーネスブラック、ランプブラック、サーマルブラック等のカ−ボンブラック類、炭素繊維、金属繊維などの導電性繊維類、銅、ニッケル等の金属粉末類およびポリフェニレン誘導体などの有機導電性材料などがあり、これらを単独又はこれらの混合物として負極に含ませることができる。
【0021】
これらの導電剤のなかで、微粒子で導電性の高いカーボンブラック類が特に好ましい。導電剤の添加量は、特に限定されない。これらの導電剤は負極合剤に添加する導電剤としても用いることができる。
【0022】
本発明において電極合剤中に添加される結着剤としては、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂のいずれであってもよい。
【0023】
本発明において好ましい電極合剤中に添加する結着剤は、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)をはじめとする一般にリチウム二次電池用電極に用いられる樹脂であれば、これらの材料を単独又は混合物として用いることができる。
【0024】
本発明に用いられる負極集電体としては、構成された電池において化学変化を起こさない電子伝導体であれば何でもよい。例えば、負極に用いる集電体材料としてはステンレス鋼、ニッケル、銅、チタン、炭素、導電性樹脂などの他に、銅やステンレス鋼の表面にカーボン、ニッケルあるいはチタンを処理させたものなどが用いられる。特に、コストや加工性、安定性の面で銅あるいは銅合金が好ましい。
【0025】
これらの材料の表面を酸化して用いることもできる。また、表面処理により集電体表面に凹凸を付けることも可能である。形状は、フォイルの他、フィルム、シート、ネット、パンチングされたもの、ラス体、多孔質体、発泡体、繊維群の成形体などが用いられる。厚みは、特に限定されないが、1〜500μmのものが用いられる。
【0026】
本発明に用いられる正極材料には、一般式LixCoO2で表される化合物(1.0≧X≧0.6)、一般式LixNiO2で表される化合物(1.0≧X≧0.8)、一般式LixMn2 O4で表される化合物(1.0≧X>0)をはじめとする一般にリチウム二次電池の正極材料として用いられるリチウム含有化合物、または、非含有の化合物を用いることができる。
【0027】
本発明で使用される正・負極用導電剤は、用いる電極材料の充放電電位において、化学変化を起こさない電子伝導性材料であれば何でもよい。
【0028】
例えば、黒鉛類やカーボンブラック類、炭素繊維等の炭素材料や金属粉末、金属繊維等が挙げられる。
【0029】
本発明に用いられる正極用集電体としては、用いる正極材料の充放電電位において化学変化を起こさない電子伝導体であれば何でもよい。
【0030】
例えば、材料としてステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、チタン、炭素、導電性樹脂などの他に、アルミニウムやステンレス鋼の表面にカーボンあるいはチタンを処理させたものが用いられる。特に、コストや加工性、安定性の面でアルミニウムあるいはアルミニウム合金が好ましい。これらの材料の表面を酸化して用いることもできる。また、表面処理により集電体表面に凹凸を付けることも可能である。形状は、フォイルの他、フィルム、シート、ネット、パンチされたもの、ラス体、多孔質体、発泡体、繊維群、不織布体の成形体などが用いられる。厚みは、特に限定されないが、1〜500μmのものが用いられる。
【0031】
電池の形状はコイン型、ボタン型、シート型、積層型、円筒型、偏平型、角型、電気自動車等に用いる大型のものなどいずれにも適用できる。
【0032】
また、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、携帯情報端末、携帯電子機器、家庭用小型電力貯蔵装置、自動二輪車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車等に用いることができるが、特にこれらに限定されるわけではない。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0034】
(実施例1)
実施例1として、Ti40wt%−Si60wt%合金を負極電極活物質とし、シス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレンを銅集電体表面に塗布した場合について説明する。
【0035】
先ず、溶剤中にシス−1,4−ポリイソプレンを溶解した後、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックを加え十分に分散混合して塗布液を作製した。このとき、シス−1,4−ポリイソプレンに対するアセチレンブラックの混合比率は重量比で60%とした。
【0036】
次に、集電体である銅箔表面に前記塗布液をドクターブレード法により塗布し、十分に乾燥させた。塗布厚みは混合物層が2μmの厚みとなるように調製した。
【0037】
この集電体に予め調製しておいた電極合剤スラリーをドクターブレード法により塗布し電極を作製した。電極合剤スラリーは所定量のTi40wt%−Si60wt%合金と導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックおよび結着剤としてのSBR樹脂に溶媒を加え十分に混合して電極合剤スラリーを作成した。このとき、電極合剤スラリーの固形分濃度が45%となるように調製した。
【0038】
ポリイソブチレンを用いた場合についても同様にして電極を作製した。
【0039】
また、比較例として、それぞれの樹脂、つまりシス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレン、について導電剤を添加しない場合についても同様の方法で電極(極板シート)を作製した。
【0040】
以上のようにして作成した極板シートをそれぞれ直径1cmの円形に切り出し、これを電極として次の方法で図1に示すコイン型試験セルを作製し、電池特性を評価した。
【0041】
図1は本発明における、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極の評価用試験セルの断面図を示す。試験極6は、前述の方法で作成した電極であり、集電体7とともに、ケース5内に設置した。この試験極6上にセパレータ4としての多孔質ポリエチレンシートを設置し、電解液(図示せず)としてエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートの1:1の混合溶媒に1Mの濃度で六フッ化リン酸リチウムを溶解した溶液をケース内に充填した。
【0042】
このケース5に、対極としてのリチウム箔2を封口板1内に設置した集電体3に圧着したものを重ねた後、ガスケット8を装着し、プレス封口機を用いかしめ封口してコイン型電池を作製した。
【0043】
なお、試験極は直径1cmの円形に切り出した状態で、電極上の活物質重量が20mgとなるようにあらかじめ塗布量を調製しておいた。
【0044】
試験セルの充放電は、充放電ともに電流密度1.0mA/cmの定電流で、0Vから1.5Vの電圧範囲で行った。
【0045】
(表1)に各セルの初期容量と50サイクル目の容量維持率を示す。
【0046】
【表1】

Figure 2004214046
【0047】
(実施例2)
実施例2として、ポリアクリル酸、ポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレートを銅集電体表面に塗布した場合について説明する。
【0048】
実施例1と同様の方法でポリアクリル酸、ポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレートを用いて電極を作製し、電池特性を評価した。さらに実施例1と同様に導電剤が添加されていないものも同時に準備し、電池特性を評価した。(表2)に各セルの初期容量と50サイクル目の容量維持率を示す。
【0049】
【表2】
Figure 2004214046
【0050】
(実施例3)
実施例3として、ポリビニルエーテルを銅集電体表面に塗布した場合について説明する。
【0051】
実施例1と同様の方法で電極を作製し、電池特性を評価した。さらに実施例1と同様に導電剤が添加されていないものも同時に準備し、電池特性を評価した。(表3)に各セルの初期容量と50サイクル目の容量維持率を示す。
【0052】
【表3】
Figure 2004214046
【0053】
(比較例)
比較例として、銅集電体表面になにも塗布しない場合について電極を作製し、電池特性評価を行った。本比較例が従来の技術を用いた電池に相当する。
【0054】
電極および電池の作製と電池特性評価は銅集電体表面に何も塗布しない以外は実施例1と同様の方法で行った。(表4)に初期容量と50サイクル目の容量維持率を示す。
【0055】
【表4】
Figure 2004214046
【0056】
(表4)に示すように、銅集電体表面に何も塗布しない場合には50サイクル目の容量維持率が23%となっており大きなサイクル劣化が見られる。
【0057】
この電池を分解して電極の状態を観察したところ、電極合剤が集電体から剥離しており十分な集電のとれていない状態となっていた。これに対して、(表1)、(表2)、(表3)に示すように、本発明の各樹脂と導電剤との混合物を銅集電体表面に塗布した場合には50サイクル目においても60%以上の容量維持率であり、サイクル劣化が大幅に抑制されている。
【0058】
また、(表1)、(表2)、(表3)に示す各電池を分解して電極の状態を観察したところ集電体からの電極合剤の剥離は見られず、結着状態を維持して十分に集電がとれる状態となっていた。
【0059】
しかしながら、導電剤を添加しなかった場合には50サイクル目の容量維持率は大きいものの、いずれの場合も初期容量が6mAh以下と小さく集電体と電極合剤間での集電が十分にとれていなかったためと考えられる。この場合にも、50サイクル後の電池を分解して電極を観察したところ電極合剤の集電体からの剥離は全く見られなかった。
【0060】
(実施例4)
実施例4として、M40wt%−Si60wt%合金(MはFe,Co,Ni,Cu)を負極活物質として用い、シス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリビニルエーテルを銅集電体表面に塗布した場合について説明する。
【0061】
活物質および銅集電体表面に塗布する樹脂の種類を変えた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で電極および電池を作製し、電池特性の評価を行った。
【0062】
(表5)に初期容量と50サイクル目の容量維持率を示す。
【0063】
【表5】
Figure 2004214046
【0064】
(表5)に示すように、活物質としてM40wt%−Si60wt%合金(MはFe,Co,Ni,Cu)を用いた場合においてもTi40wt%−Si60wt%合金を用いた場合と同様にシス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリビニルエーテルを銅集電体表面に塗布することによる、充放電時の集電体からの電極合剤剥離を抑制する効果が得られた。また、サイクル後の電極観察でも剥離のないことが確認された。
【0065】
ここでは、シス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリビニルエーテルを用いた場合について述べたが、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリブチルアクリレートを用いた場合にも同様の効果が得られることはもちろんである。
【0066】
なお、本実施例ではコイン型電池を用いて試験を行ったが、円筒型電池やポリマー電解質を用いた積層型電池での試験においても同様の結果が得られている。
【0067】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、可逆的にリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な合金材料粉末を含有するスラリーを集電体に塗布することで作成されるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極において、前記集電体表面にあらかじめシス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステルおよびポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも一種と導電剤粉末とを含有する混合物を塗布することにより、集電体と電極合剤が十分に結着し充放電の繰り返しによっても集電体からの電極合剤剥離のない、優れた特性を有する電極及びその電極を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例におけるリチウムイオン二次電池用負極を具備した評価用試験セルの断面図
【符号の説明】
1 封口板
2 リチウム箔
3 集電体
4 セパレータ
5 ケース
6 試験極
7 集電板
8 ガスケット[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery electrode and a lithium ion secondary battery provided with the electrode.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Lithium secondary batteries have been used in recent years as main power sources for mobile communication devices and portable electronic devices because they can provide high energy density at high voltage. However, with the miniaturization and high performance of these devices, higher performance is required, and much research has been conducted.
[0003]
Numerous materials have been proposed and studied as positive and negative electrode active material materials for lithium ion secondary batteries, but for the negative electrode, those using carbon materials or aluminum alloys as the active material material have been commercialized. ing. Among the above-mentioned negative electrode active material materials, carbon materials exhibit the highest performance and are widely used.
[0004]
However, this material is already used at a capacity close to the theoretical capacity (about 370 mAh / g), and it is difficult to further increase the energy density.
[0005]
Various new materials have been studied as negative electrode active material materials that can further increase the capacity of lithium secondary batteries. For example, as an anode active material, a metal capable of inserting and extracting lithium, such as silicon and tin, and an oxide of these metals have been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0006]
When a lithium secondary battery is manufactured using a negative electrode active material, a powdery material is generally used, and a slurry obtained by mixing the material powder and a binder with water or an organic solvent is used. An electrode plate is formed by applying an electrode mixture to a sheet-like current collector and drying it by applying it to a sheet-like current collector.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-29602
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the electrode of the conventional configuration, each material powder constituting the electrode mixture such as an active material and a conductive agent is bound by a binder added to the electrode mixture to form an electrode. It is also bound to the current collector surface.
[0009]
However, for example, when a metal powder such as silicon or tin is used as the active material, a large volume change of the active material itself accompanying the occlusion / release reaction of lithium during charging / discharging causes a large expansion / contraction of the entire electrode mixture. . Therefore, the binding force between the current collector and the electrode mixture cannot withstand the expansion and contraction, and the electrode mixture is separated. As a result, a current collection failure occurs and the battery characteristics deteriorate. In particular, by repeating the charge / discharge cycle, the peeling of the electrode mixture spreads over a wide range, causing a significant deterioration in characteristics.
[0010]
When the electrode mixture is peeled due to insufficient binding force as described above, it is conceivable that the binding force is increased by increasing the amount of the binder or the like. However, usually, a resin material is used as the binder, and by increasing the resin material having poor conductivity, the current collecting property in the electrode mixture is reduced, and the performance is deteriorated. Therefore, there is a limit in increasing the amount of the binder.
[0011]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is an electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery in which an electrode mixture and a current collector are not separated, and provides a lithium ion secondary battery having excellent charge / discharge characteristics. With the goal.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, an electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an electrode mixture containing an active material capable of reversibly inserting and extracting lithium and a current collector. An electrode for a secondary battery, wherein at least cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate or polyvinyl ether is provided between the current collector surface and the electrode mixture. And a mixture containing a conductive agent powder.
[0013]
Further, the polyacrylate is at least one selected from polyethylhexyl acrylate and polybutyl acrylate.
[0014]
Further, the electrode mixture has at least one kind of metal selected from Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu and Si.
[0015]
Further, a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium, Ti, Fe, Co, An electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an active material containing an alloy of at least one metal selected from Ni and Cu and Si and a current collector, wherein at least cis-1, 4- A mixture containing a copolymer of polyisoprene and polyisobutylene, one selected from polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate or polyvinyl ether, and a conductive agent powder.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The present invention is to apply a highly adhesive resin to the surface of the current collector to maintain the current collecting property of each constituent material inside the electrode mixture and to obtain a sufficient binding force with the current collector. It is. As a result, the lithium ion secondary battery electrode is an electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery in which the electrode mixture and the current collector do not peel off, and has a superior charge / discharge characteristic.
[0017]
The present invention will be specifically described. By separately applying a highly adhesive resin such as cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polyacrylic acid, polyethylhexyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, or polyvinyl ether to the current collector surface, the inside of the electrode mixture is Thus, the current collecting property of each constituent material can be maintained, and a sufficient binding force with the current collector can be obtained.
[0018]
Since cis-1,4-polyisoprene and polyisobutylene are sticky elastic materials, stress during charge / discharge is relaxed and the effect of suppressing peeling is high. In addition, polyacrylic acid, polyethylhexyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, etc. The acrylic resin has good adhesive strength and durability, and polyvinyl ether has good water solubility, so that it is easy to handle with an aqueous slurry.
[0019]
When these resins are used, sufficient current collection between the current collector and the electrode mixture can be ensured by mixing the conductive agent powder with the resin applied on the current collector.
[0020]
Any conductive material may be used as long as it is an electron conductive material. For example, graphites such as natural graphite (flaky graphite, etc.), artificial graphite, expanded graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, carbon fibers, There are conductive fibers such as metal fibers, metal powders such as copper and nickel, and organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives, and these can be included in the negative electrode alone or as a mixture thereof.
[0021]
Among these conductive agents, carbon blacks having fine particles and high conductivity are particularly preferable. The amount of the conductive agent is not particularly limited. These conductive agents can also be used as conductive agents to be added to the negative electrode mixture.
[0022]
In the present invention, the binder added to the electrode mixture may be either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin.
[0023]
Binders to be added to the electrode mixture preferred in the present invention include, for example, generally lithium, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). These materials can be used alone or as a mixture as long as the resin is used for an electrode for a secondary battery.
[0024]
The negative electrode current collector used in the present invention may be any electronic conductor that does not cause a chemical change in the battery constituted. For example, as the current collector material used for the negative electrode, in addition to stainless steel, nickel, copper, titanium, carbon, conductive resin, and the like, a material obtained by treating the surface of carbon or stainless steel with carbon, nickel, or titanium is used. Can be Particularly, copper or a copper alloy is preferable in view of cost, workability, and stability.
[0025]
The surface of these materials can be oxidized and used. In addition, it is also possible to make the current collector surface uneven by surface treatment. As the shape, in addition to the foil, a film, a sheet, a net, a punched material, a lath body, a porous body, a foam, a molded body of a fiber group, and the like are used. The thickness is not particularly limited, but a thickness of 1 to 500 μm is used.
[0026]
The positive electrode material used in the present invention includes a compound represented by the general formula LixCoO2 (1.0 ≧ X ≧ 0.6), a compound represented by the general formula LixNiO2 (1.0 ≧ X ≧ 0.8), A lithium-containing compound generally used as a positive electrode material of a lithium secondary battery, such as a compound represented by the general formula LixMn2O4 (1.0 ≧ X> 0), or a compound containing no lithium can be used.
[0027]
The conductive agent for the positive and negative electrodes used in the present invention may be any electronic conductive material that does not cause a chemical change at the charge / discharge potential of the electrode material used.
[0028]
For example, graphites, carbon blacks, carbon materials such as carbon fibers, metal powders, metal fibers and the like can be mentioned.
[0029]
The positive electrode current collector used in the present invention may be any electronic conductor that does not cause a chemical change in the charge and discharge potential of the positive electrode material used.
[0030]
For example, in addition to stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, carbon, conductive resin, and the like, a material obtained by treating the surface of aluminum or stainless steel with carbon or titanium is used. Particularly, aluminum or an aluminum alloy is preferable in view of cost, workability, and stability. The surface of these materials can be oxidized and used. In addition, it is also possible to make the current collector surface uneven by surface treatment. As the shape, in addition to a foil, a film, a sheet, a net, a punched material, a lath body, a porous body, a foamed body, a fiber group, a molded body of a nonwoven fabric body, and the like are used. The thickness is not particularly limited, but a thickness of 1 to 500 μm is used.
[0031]
The shape of the battery can be applied to any of coin type, button type, sheet type, laminated type, cylindrical type, flat type, square type, large type used for electric vehicles and the like.
[0032]
In addition, the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention can be used for a portable information terminal, a portable electronic device, a small household power storage device, a motorcycle, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, and the like, but is not particularly limited thereto. Do not mean.
[0033]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0034]
(Example 1)
Example 1 As Example 1, a case will be described in which cis-1,4-polyisoprene and polyisobutylene are applied to the surface of a copper current collector using a Ti 40 wt% -Si 60 wt% alloy as a negative electrode active material.
[0035]
First, after cis-1,4-polyisoprene was dissolved in a solvent, acetylene black as a conductive agent was added and sufficiently dispersed and mixed to prepare a coating solution. At this time, the mixing ratio of acetylene black to cis-1,4-polyisoprene was 60% by weight.
[0036]
Next, the coating solution was applied to the surface of a copper foil as a current collector by a doctor blade method, and was sufficiently dried. The coating thickness was adjusted so that the mixture layer had a thickness of 2 μm.
[0037]
An electrode mixture slurry prepared beforehand was applied to this current collector by a doctor blade method to produce an electrode. The electrode mixture slurry was prepared by adding a solvent to a predetermined amount of a Ti40 wt% -Si 60 wt% alloy, acetylene black as a conductive agent, and an SBR resin as a binder, and sufficiently mixing the resulting mixture. At this time, the mixture was prepared such that the solid content concentration of the electrode mixture slurry was 45%.
[0038]
An electrode was produced in the same manner when polyisobutylene was used.
[0039]
In addition, as a comparative example, an electrode (electrode sheet) was prepared in the same manner when no conductive agent was added to each resin, that is, cis-1,4-polyisoprene and polyisobutylene.
[0040]
Each of the electrode sheets prepared as described above was cut into a circular shape having a diameter of 1 cm, and the coin-type test cell shown in FIG. 1 was prepared by using the electrodes as electrodes as described below, and the battery characteristics were evaluated.
[0041]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a test cell for evaluating a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention. The test electrode 6 is an electrode prepared by the above-described method, and is installed in the case 5 together with the current collector 7. A porous polyethylene sheet as a separator 4 is placed on the test electrode 6, and lithium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 M is added to a 1: 1 mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate as an electrolytic solution (not shown). The dissolved solution was filled in the case.
[0042]
After a lithium foil 2 serving as a counter electrode is pressure-bonded to a current collector 3 provided in a sealing plate 1, a gasket 8 is attached to the case 5, and the case 5 is caulked and sealed using a press-sealing machine. Was prepared.
[0043]
The test electrode was cut in a circular shape having a diameter of 1 cm, and the coating amount was adjusted in advance so that the weight of the active material on the electrode was 20 mg.
[0044]
The charge and discharge of the test cell were performed at a constant current of 1.0 mA / cm 2 at a current density of 0 V to 1.5 V for both charge and discharge.
[0045]
Table 1 shows the initial capacity of each cell and the capacity retention rate at the 50th cycle.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004214046
[0047]
(Example 2)
Example 2 describes a case where polyacrylic acid, polyethylhexyl acrylate, and polybutyl acrylate were applied to the surface of a copper current collector.
[0048]
Electrodes were produced using polyacrylic acid, polyethylhexyl acrylate, and polybutyl acrylate in the same manner as in Example 1, and the battery characteristics were evaluated. Further, similarly to Example 1, a battery to which no conductive agent was added was prepared at the same time, and the battery characteristics were evaluated. Table 2 shows the initial capacity of each cell and the capacity retention rate at the 50th cycle.
[0049]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004214046
[0050]
(Example 3)
Example 3 describes a case where polyvinyl ether was applied to the surface of a copper current collector.
[0051]
Electrodes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the battery characteristics were evaluated. Further, similarly to Example 1, a battery to which no conductive agent was added was prepared at the same time, and the battery characteristics were evaluated. Table 3 shows the initial capacity of each cell and the capacity retention rate at the 50th cycle.
[0052]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004214046
[0053]
(Comparative example)
As a comparative example, an electrode was prepared in a case where nothing was applied to the surface of the copper current collector, and battery characteristics were evaluated. This comparative example corresponds to a battery using the conventional technique.
[0054]
Preparation of the electrodes and the battery and evaluation of the battery characteristics were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nothing was applied to the surface of the copper current collector. Table 4 shows the initial capacity and the capacity retention rate at the 50th cycle.
[0055]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004214046
[0056]
As shown in (Table 4), when nothing is applied to the surface of the copper current collector, the capacity retention ratio at the 50th cycle is 23%, and large cycle deterioration is observed.
[0057]
When the battery was disassembled and the state of the electrodes was observed, the electrode mixture was separated from the current collector and the current was not sufficiently collected. On the other hand, as shown in (Table 1), (Table 2) and (Table 3), when the mixture of each resin of the present invention and the conductive agent was applied to the surface of the copper current collector, the 50th cycle was repeated. In this case, the capacity retention rate is 60% or more, and the cycle deterioration is largely suppressed.
[0058]
In addition, when the batteries shown in (Table 1), (Table 2) and (Table 3) were disassembled and the state of the electrodes was observed, peeling of the electrode mixture from the current collector was not observed, and the binding state was confirmed. It was in a state where it was possible to maintain and collect enough power.
[0059]
However, when the conductive agent was not added, although the capacity retention rate at the 50th cycle was large, the initial capacity was as small as 6 mAh or less in each case, and sufficient current collection between the current collector and the electrode mixture could be obtained. Probably because they did not. Also in this case, when the battery was disassembled after 50 cycles and the electrodes were observed, no separation of the electrode mixture from the current collector was observed.
[0060]
(Example 4)
Example 4 In Example 4, an M40 wt% -Si 60 wt% alloy (M is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) was used as a negative electrode active material, and cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyethylhexyl acrylate, and polyvinyl ether were coated on a copper current collector surface. Will be described.
[0061]
An electrode and a battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types of the resin applied to the active material and the surface of the copper current collector were changed, and the battery characteristics were evaluated.
[0062]
Table 5 shows the initial capacity and the capacity retention rate at the 50th cycle.
[0063]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004214046
[0064]
As shown in (Table 5), when the M40 wt% -Si 60 wt% alloy (M is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) is used as the active material, the cis-content is the same as when the Ti 40 wt% -Si 60 wt% alloy is used. By coating 1,4-polyisoprene, polyethylhexyl acrylate, and polyvinyl ether on the surface of the copper current collector, an effect of suppressing peeling of the electrode mixture from the current collector during charging and discharging was obtained. In addition, it was confirmed by observation of the electrodes after the cycle that there was no peeling.
[0065]
Here, the case where cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyethylhexyl acrylate, or polyvinyl ether is used has been described, but the same effect can be obtained when polyisobutylene, polyacrylic acid, or polybutyl acrylate is used. Of course.
[0066]
In this example, the test was performed using a coin-type battery, but similar results were obtained in a test using a cylindrical battery or a stacked battery using a polymer electrolyte.
[0067]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery, which is formed by applying a slurry containing an alloy material powder capable of reversibly inserting and extracting lithium to a current collector, By applying in advance a mixture containing at least one selected from cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate and polyvinyl ether and a conductive agent powder, the current collector and the electrode It is possible to provide an electrode having excellent characteristics, in which the agent is sufficiently bound and the electrode mixture is not peeled off from the current collector even by repeated charge / discharge, and a lithium ion secondary battery using the electrode.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an evaluation test cell including a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sealing plate 2 Lithium foil 3 Current collector 4 Separator 5 Case 6 Test electrode 7 Current collector 8 Gasket

Claims (4)

可逆的にリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な活物質を含む電極合剤と集電体とを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池用電極であり、前記集電体表面と前記電極合剤との間に少なくともシス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステルまたはポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる一種と導電剤粉末とを含有する混合物を備えることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。An electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery including an electrode mixture and a current collector containing an active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium reversibly, between the surface of the current collector and the electrode mixture. A lithium ion secondary battery comprising at least a mixture containing at least one selected from cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate or polyvinyl ether and a conductive agent powder. electrode. ポリアクリル酸エステルが少なくともポリエチルヘキシルアクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレートから選ばれる一種であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。2. The electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the polyacrylate is at least one selected from polyethylhexyl acrylate and polybutyl acrylate. 電極合剤は少なくともTi,Fe,Co,Ni,Cuから選ばれる一種の金属とSiとを有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用電極。2. The electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrode mixture has at least one kind of metal selected from Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu and Si. 正極と負極と非水電解質を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池であり、前記負極は可逆的にリチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能なTi,Fe,Co,Ni,Cuから選ばれる少なくとも一種の金属とSiとの合金を含有する活物質と、集電体とを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池用電極であり、前記集電体表面に少なくともシス−1,4−ポリイソプレン、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステルまたはポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる一種と導電剤粉末とを含有する混合物を備えることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。A lithium ion secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is at least one metal selected from Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu capable of reversibly inserting and extracting lithium and Si. An electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery comprising an active material containing an alloy of and a current collector, wherein at least cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polyacrylic acid, A lithium-ion secondary battery comprising a mixture containing one selected from a polyacrylate or polyvinyl ether and a conductive agent powder.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006210208A (en) * 2005-01-31 2006-08-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
CN100431204C (en) * 2005-09-22 2008-11-05 松下电器产业株式会社 Negative electrode and lithium ion secondary battery prepared using the negative electrode
US7892677B2 (en) * 2005-12-13 2011-02-22 Panasonic Corporation Negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having the same
US7875388B2 (en) 2007-02-06 2011-01-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrodes including polyacrylate binders and methods of making and using the same
JP2010257893A (en) * 2009-04-28 2010-11-11 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Bipolar electrode and bipolar secondary battery using the same
JP2015053221A (en) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-19 国立大学法人岩手大学 Negative electrode for lithium secondary battery

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